Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Graduate School

Advanced Curriculum Development

Mid-Term Examination

Directions. Indicate the curriculum/program you are handling or would like to base your answers on. Your answers
should be concise and comprehensive. Each question is worth 20 points, based on the rubrics below. Cite your
references.

1. What role does each of the educational foundations play in curriculum development?
2. If you were to develop a new curriculum or revise an existing one, which of the various curriculum development
models, would be appropriate and why.
3. Differentiate between planned, implemented, achieved and hidden curricula. Cite an example for each
dimension.
4. What role does the K-12 curriculum play in society? Is it as catalyst for change, or merely a mirror of society?
5. Among the many definitions of curriculum, which would best fit the curriculum you are handling? Cite the source
of the definition you have chosen and explain why it is most suitable.
SHORT ESSAY RUBRIC

Score Completeness Accuracy Comprehension Organization Conventions

4 pts @ The answer is All information Content Content is well- No major

complete. provided is demonstrates a deep organized and easy grammatical or
accurate. understanding of, to read. Points spelling errors. No
and engagement follow a logical more than two minor
with, the text(s). progression. errors.

3 pts @ The answer is Most Content Content is No major

missing slight information demonstrates organized and easy grammatical or
details provided is understanding of, to read. Points spelling errors. No
accurate. and engagement follow a mostly more than five minor
with, the text(s), logical progression. errors.

2 pts @ The answer is Some Content Content may be Some major and
missing multiple information demonstrates basic unorganized and minor errors that
details. provided is understanding of the difficult to read. don’t necessarily
accurate text(s). Points do not impair
follow a solidly communication.
logical progression.

1 pts @ Content suggests A small amount Content Content is Major and minor
lack of of the demonstrates less unorganized, errors significantly
preparation or information is than basic illogical, and weaken quality of
comprehension. accurate. understanding of the difficult to read. communication,
text(s). although still
comprehensible.

Submission date: October 26, 2019

Prepared by:
MA. CRISTINA I. CAINTIC, PhD

Argie A. Alcober MAED-MS

1. What role does each of the educational foundations play in curriculum development?

There are four major foundations of curriculum namely: Philosophical, Historical, Social, and Psychological
Foundations, and each of this foundations plays a vital role in the curriculum development, in order to make or develop a
curriculum that would be applicable and relevant in today’s teaching-learning process taking into consideration the
changes that the process or the curriculum itself has undertaken from past to present in order to meet the changing needs
of the learners. The Historical foundations are useful in identifying the problem, issues, and perspective. An examination
of the historical foundations of the curriculum points up threads of continuity as well as instances of rejection of
precedents and illustrates the way in which the curriculum, at any point in time is also a production that time. The
philosophical foundations may be drawn upon to develop a framework of values and beliefs related to the goals, the
selection and use knowledge and means and methods and other dimensions of education. Studying philosophy helps us to
handle our own personal system of beliefs and values, that is, the way and manner that we perceive the world around us
and how we actually define what is important to us. The social foundations are sources of information and societal
values, changes, problems, pressures and forces that merit consideration in curriculum planning. Curriculum planning and
course-content basically depend on an analysis of the nature of society. The psychological foundation contains ideas about
child growth, development and learning on which the program may be based. Psychology basically deals with how people
learn, and arrangement of every discipline must be in accordance to the different psychological needs of every learner.

2. If you were to develop a new curriculum or revise an existing one, which of the various curriculum development
models, would be appropriate and why.

The Understanding by Design model was developed by Wiggins and McTighe (2002). The model is also called backward
design for putting emphasis on starting with the goals and objectives in designing curriculum. This the most appropriate
curriculum model that I will recommend to the curriculum implementers and developers because of its effectiveness that
caters the societal needs that yields a competitive learners that can cope up the evolving community technologically and
professionally. Even there is no additional two years in this model of curriculum I truly commend this model because
personally I'm the product of its resiliency .

3. Differentiate between planned, implemented, achieved and hidden curricula. Cite an example for each dimension.

Planned curriculum refers to the official curriculum embodied in approved state curriculum guides (Glatthorn et
al. 2006). It is the curriculum prescribed by the government. In the Philippine context, these are the prescribed courses
from different government agencies: The Department of Education (DepEd), the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED), and the Technical Education and Skills Development Administration (TESDA). Examples of this type of
curriculum are: The Kindergarten Curriculum Standards, K-12 Curriculum, CHED Memorandum Order No. 20, Series of
2013 (for General Education) and TESDA Modules and Competencies. Implemented curriculum refers to the actual
implementation of the curriculum or what the teachers in the school teach. In many cases, teachers modify and improve
their curriculum based on the needs of the students or whenever there are new ideas in various disciplines that are
important to teach to the students. Academic freedom among faculty members in college may also influence how
professors plan and implement their courses. Example of this type of curriculum: Teaching Mathematics in the Modern
World to the first year BSED- MATH students . Achieved curriculum refers to the result of the curriculum or what
students actually learned in school (Print 1993). The achieved curriculum reveals whether the students learned or whether
the schools are successful in attaining their curriculum goals and objectives. Examples of this type of curriculum: Result
of the Preliminary Examination in Mathematics in the Modern World, Final rating in Calculus 1 and Learning Portfolio in
Assessment of Learning 1. Hidden curriculum refers to various skills, knowledge, and attitudes that students learn in
school as a result of their interaction with other students, staff, and faculty members. Although hidden curriculum is not
actually taught in formal classroom learning, it can be a product of the students’ schooling. The hidden curriculum is very
powerful in developing the school culture (Print 1993). Examples for this type of curriculum: respecting authority, respect
students’ opinions, punctuality and having a work ethic.

4. What role does the K-12 curriculum play in society? Is it as catalyst for change, or merely a mirror of society?

K-12 makes the Philippine education system at par with the international standard of 12-year basic education
thereby contributing to a better educated society capable of pursuing productive employment, entrepreneurship, or higher
education studies. The K-12 graduates are also expected to be equipped with 21 st century skills like information, media
and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, effective communication skills, and life and career skills. Having an
additional two years are added burden for the average Filipino family. But on the other side k-12 having better educated
citizens makes you more innovative and competitive than other nations. As technology has progressed, an educated workplace
is needed to maintain new advanced systems. It also teaches students to navigate society as whole once they leave school, so
therefore I can conclude that k-12 curriculum despite of its negativities, is truly a catalyst for change.

5. Among the many definitions of curriculum, which would best fit the curriculum you are handling? Cite the source of
the definition you have chosen and explain why it is most suitable.

Curriculum as learning experiences. This definition includes students' curricular and co- curricular activities and the
learning experiences they encounter inside or outside the school. This also includes the hidden curriculum or those things
learned by the students as a result of their experiences in the school with their peers, schoolmates, teachers, school staff,
or the values they learned from a school program. In short, curriculum includes the school culture. (Pawilen, G. T. 2015.
Curriculum Development: A guide for Teachers and Students. First Ed. Manila. Pp. 1-13). In my point of view,
considering the program I'm into right now, I’m handling Education Students major in Mathematics from 1 st year to 4th
year. I keenly observed that the learning of the students doesn't end in the four corners of the classroom, even outside the
school premises the students also instilled substantial learning experiences that develops certain competencies that will
enhance the overall personality and capacity of a particular learner. Therefore the definition of the curriculum in my case
is the total learning experiences of the learners.

REFERENCES

Beauchamp, G. A. 1982. “Curriculum theory: Meaning, development and use.” In Theory into practice. No. 21.1. pp. 23-
27.

Doll, R. C. 1992. Curriculum improvement decision-making and process. 8 th Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Pawilen, G. T. 2015. Curriculum Development: A guide for Teachers and Students. First Ed. Manila. Pp. 1-13.