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Oblique Moods in English
Oblique Moods in English
Степанова
OBLIQUE MOODS
in English
Mood is the form of the verb which shows the relation between the action expressed by the predicate verb
and reality. This relation is established by the speaker. Thus the category of mood expresses modality.
The speaker may represent an action as
1) a real fact;
2) something necessary or advisable;
3) something unreal, contrary to reality or very problematic.
Ex. 1. Translate into Russian. Analyze the Direct and Indirect Moods.
1. My children ask me too many questions. 2. Now, ask your question! Go ahead! 3. Steve was sure that
his teacher would answer all his questions. 4. I wouldn’t ask you this question if I knew the answer. 5. Do
relax! There is no hurry. Take your time. 6. I shall ask you for support if any need arises. 8. I know that you
will do it as soon as you can. 9. I know that you would do it as soon as you could. 10. He promised he would
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go there if he had a chance. 11. I should go if I had time. Time is money, you know. 12. “You could do it if
you tried.” “Shall I really make an effort?” 13. You could have done it if you had tried! 14. It would have been
most helpful if you had done the washing. 15. If the ancient Egyptians had not had slaves, they would not have
been able to build the Pyramids. 16. But for our books we would be ignorant and unaware of so many things!
17. I know you are a great man. But your greatness would be enhanced if you said "Sorry". 18. If it weren't for
the last minute, a lot of things wouldn't get done. 19. If you gave him a penny for his thoughts, you would get
some change. 20. If you want to be happy, be.
Ex. 3 Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the use of Subjunctive I.
1. A fine day, thanks be to God. 2. Well, be that as it may. 3. "If you go, we go too." "So be it." 4. Damn
those roads! 5. She raised the glass. "God bless you, Liam, and long life." 6. "God save all here," Delvin announced
cheerfully. 7. He kicked the starter. "God protect me from this monstrous regiment of women," he said and drove
away.
§3 SUBJUNCTIVE II
Subjunctive II has two tenses: the Present and the Past.
The forms of Present Subjunctive do not differ from the forms of the Past Indicative except the verb 'to be' in
singular. There is only one form of the verb 'to be' for all persons singular and plural – 'were'. Nowadays we can
hear the form 'was' in colloquial speech.
The present Subjunctive refers an action to the present or to the future.
e. g. If only I were young again!
If only I could speak English!
If only he came in time!
The Continuous form of Present Subjunctive II shows the action in process.
e.g. If only she were not singing so loudly!
The Past Subjunctive refers the action to the past. Its form coincides with the Past Perfect Indicative.
e. g. If I hadn't quarrelled with her!
If I could have persuaded her!
The Perfect Continuous form of Subjunctive II shows that the action began in the past, was in process
during some period of time and is still going on.
e.g. If only they hadn’t been waiting so long!
Subjunctive II denotes:
1) wish
If only somebody did( had done) smth
e. g. Oh, if only he gave me a job!
Oh, if she had taken my advice then!
2) advice
somebody had better do (not do) smth
e. g. You had better do it at once.
You had better not tell her about it.
NB! No particle 'to' before the notional verb!
3. preference
Somebody had (would) rather (sooner) do smth
not do smth
e. g. I 'd rather stay at home.
I had much rather not interfere.
Wish
were
did smth
If only could do smth
Oh, if somebody might do smth
Oh, that were doing
had been
had done smth
had been doing
could have done smth
might have done smth
Ex. 6 Read and translate the sentences. Analyze the form of Subjunctive II.
1. If only their answer were not so vague! 2. If you only knew what Dorian Gray is to me! 3. What had that
doctor done with her? If only she were still alive! 4. Oh, if it were only the other way! If the picture could change,
and I could be always what I am now! 5. Oh, that he believed me! 6. If I only had told Roger! 7. And what if he
really were one of them? 8. If only I could have learnt it a day earlier! 9. If only I could help you! 10. Oh, if she
might get there in time.
Ex.7. Change the form of the verb in the sentences to refer the action to the past.
MODEL
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If only you trusted me more. — If only you had trusted me more.
1. If only somebody saw him! 2. If only there was another way out! 3. Oh, if she agreed to wait a week
longer! 4. Oh, that it were not too late! 5. If only they did not frighten him! 6. If only the time were not so short! 7.
If only I knew her better! 8. Oh, if you gave me a break! 9. Oh, if you did it right!
Ex. 8. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. If we (to give) thought to it at the time! 2. Oh, he (not to be) late the other day! 3. If only it (to be) true! 4.
If you (can help) her! 5. Oh, that I (to realize) the importance of it before! 6. If there (to be) the slightest possibility!
7. If they (to know) the kind of man he was! 8. If only someone (to warn) me then. 9. Oh, if you never (to go) there.
Ex. 9. Transform the verb into the Present or Past Subjunctive to express an unreal wish.
Model: Simon smokes too much. — If Simon didn't smoke so much!
It was foggy yesterday. — If it hadn't been foggy yesterday!
1. It's autumn now. 2. He isn't my friend. 3. She wasn't my teacher. 4. This dress isn't my size. 5. I'm not
happy about it. 6. The bag was too expensive. 7. I am a dreamer. 8. My holiday wasn't long. 9. This money isn't
mine. 10. The party is very dull. 11. The secretary isn't efficient. 12. The car was out of order. 13. The boss is out.
14. We were scared. 15. English phonetics is so difficult! 16. Uncountable nouns are so misleading! 17. Our
neighbours visit us every weekend. 18. He didn't notice me. He ignored me. 19. I don't often meet my school
friends now. 20. The children don't obey their grandparents. 21. Emma had too much work to do last week. 22. I
have to work even on Sunday. 23. Theresa didn't help her mother about the house. 24. The dog eats too much meat.
25. Nobody knew his address or telephone number. 26. I don't speak English fluently. 27. They have no chance to
travel. 28. Ridge makes friends too easily. 29. Nelly went there too late. 30. She doesn't often go to the theatre. 31.
My sister buys too many things.
Preference
Revision
Ex.18. Respond to the utterances using had better, would rather (sooner), if only.
1. I am going to say what's in my mind, and please don't be angry. 2. He spoiled it all. 3. I've got some news
for you. 4. You never really got on at all. 5. What do you intend to do? 6. Never put off till tomorrow what you can
do today. 7. What's the good of talking about it anymore? 8. You know everything there is to know. 9. You are
going to make me think I didn't make a mistake. 10. Don't you believe it? 11. Buy yourself a guidebook, why don't
you? 12. You don't have to worry about that. 13. She decided to enjoy herself. 14. How would you like to go to the
country with me tomorrow? 15. I didn't want you to take too much to heart what I said. 16. I can see that with half
an eye. 17. I'm afraid we'll be the last. 18. Well, we must stop here. 19. It would be a waste of time. 20. Let's go for
a walk before supper. 21. Yes, I thought that was good too. 22. Let's have eggs and bacon for breakfast this
morning. 23. Nina has a bad cold.
§4 CONDITIONAL MOOD
The Conditional Mood represents unreality of an action due to the absence of the necessary
circumstances.
It is formed with the help of the auxiliary verbs would (should) + do smth;
would (should) + have done smth.
The Сonditional Мood has two tenses. The Present Conditional Mood refers an action to the present or
future.
e.g. I should not go to bed now.
The continuous form shows an action in process.
e.g. But for you they wouldn’t be quarrelling now.
The Past Conditional Mood refers an action to the past.
e.g. He wouldn't have done it yesterday.
The Perfect Continuous form of the Conditional Mood shows that the action began in the past, was in
process during some period of time and is still going on.
e.g. But for the wrong direction they wouldn’t have been wandering the
whole day.
The modal verbs have no special forms of the Сonditional Мood. They have only one form of the Oblique
Moods – the form of Subjunctive II: could (might) do; could (might) have done.
e. g. She could be wiser.
She could have done it long ago.
The Сonditional Мood is used in the following patterns:
1. But for this somebody would do smth
would have done smth
e.g. But for the wind the weather would be nice.
But for this meeting they would not have got married.
But for the rain we wouldn’t be sitting here now.
2. To do smth would help
To have done smth would have helped
Ex. 20. Translate the sentences. Comment on the forms of the Conditional Mood.
1. Would you like to go to school? 2. I should call it a play rather than a novel. 3. I should think that would
be the easiest thing in the world to do. 4. But for her smile she would be pitifully plain. 5. But for your care I
should have gone mad. 6. But for the bears the journey might have seemed rather dull. 7. In your place I
shouldn't answer this letter. 8. To see him married to that horrible woman would be too painful. 9. То tell her the
whole truth would be a mistake. 10. To have called the trip unsuccessful from any point of view, would have been
mild. 10. She would be happy to know all about the case. 11. I spend my Sundays with my parents, and a break in
habit patterns would be suspicious. 12. But for his cry I might have noticed nothing unusual. 13. Under other
conditions we would have got along very well. 14. Frankie considered telling the whole story to Silvia - but would
Silvia believe it? 15. Without me there would have been no victory. 16. I don't know what I should have done
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without him this spring when Tommie was ill. 17. I suppose he was weak. Otherwise he could have fought and
conquered. 18. I'd never have met him face to face. 19. It would not have happened but for Henry. 20. There’s
nobody here by the name of Tomson, or I would know.
Present
would be
would do
would be doing
would (might) do
would (might) be
Past
would have been
would have done
would have been doing
could (might) have done
could (might) have been
Ex. 21. Change the Indicative Mood of the verb into the Present Conditional.
1. I use my computer every day. 2. She cares for Jack, she loves him. 3. Fred reads newspapers regularly. 4.
The friends play golf every weekend. 5. She is scared and will lock the door. 6. Brian sometimes agrees with his
father. 7. I consult my family doctor now and then. 8. He is a reliable person and can help you. 9. We call them
very often. 10. She is always easy to deal with. 11. He will do his best, but he has no chance. 12. The Parkers can
afford a big house. 13. The weather may change again. 14. We may never meet again.
Ex.22. Change the form of the infinitives to refer the situation to the past.
MODEL
1) I should know what to say. – I should have known what to say.
2) He would gladly help you. – He would gladly have helped you.
3) I could do it easily. – I could have done it easily.
1. I should tell her to mind her own business. 2. She would not object. 3. Someone would see you. 4. The
neighbours would complain of the noise. 5. It would be much too warm to walk. 6. She would come there too early.
7. She would simply love to go. 8. They would be delighted. 9. No one would mind. 10. The children would also
want to go. 11. You would catch a cold, that's all. 12. I should never want to go there again. 13. I could not tell her
about it. 14. Nothing could stop him.
Ex. 23. Change the form of the infinitives to refer the situation to the present or future.
MODEL
1) I should have minded terribly.— I should mind terribly.
2) He would have done the right thing.— He would do the right thing.
3) She could have helped you.— She could help you.
1. She could have stopped the whole thing at once. 2. We might have had a wonderful time. 3. I should have
worn a sweater. 4. He wouldn't have spoken like this. 5. No measures would have been taken. 6. He would have felt
much better about it. 7. They wouldn't have quarreled so much. 8. The flowers would have grown much better. 9.
No one would have heard about it. 10. I shouldn't have worried so much.
Ex. 24. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to make them hypothetical. Translate the sentences
into Russian.
MODEL
1) I know what to do. – I should know what to do.
2) Не will refuse to act. – He would refuse to act.
3) We knew what it meant. – We should have known what it meant.
4) Не can take the necessary measures. – Не could take the necessary
measures.
5) She could read the letter yesterday. – She could have read the letter
yesterday.
1. Не could not object. 2. Nobody helped him. 3. He will not agree. 4. I don't know where to turn. 5. It could
be rather important. 6. Nothing mattered to him any longer. 7. It was quite unsuitable. 8. You will get a lot of
experience that way. 9. Any girl will look her best in this outfit. 10. A hat like this looked all right on a woman half
her age. 11. Nobody minded. 12. Nobody will mind. 13. Somebody protested. 14. Somebody will protest. 15. She
did not take any important decision without consulting me. 16. The dog recognized his master and did not bark. 17.
She will not be told. 18. No one may know about it. 19. Will you give up your job and just be a housewife? 20. I
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don't think so. 21. No one guessed the truth. 22. It went on like that for a good many years. 23. He will be much
better at home.
Ex. 25. Answer the following questions, using the conditional mood.
MODEL
1) Will you see her in this part? – No, (to be bored stiff).
– No, I should be bored stiff.
2) Why didn't you let him take his ball? – (to lose).
– He would have lost it.
3) Why don't you let him go there alone? – (may lose) the way.
– He might lose the way.
4) Why did you do it yourself? – (can spoil).
– He could have spoiled the picture.
1. Why didn't you ask him to help you? – (to refuse). 2. Will you take your younger child along? – No, (may
get tired). 3. Did you tell her about it? – No, (to be upset). 4. Why didn't you copy the poem? – (to take too long). 5.
Will you take a taxi? – No, (to be expensive). 6. Why didn't you take her to the theatre? – (not to like). 7. Why don't
you wash the dress yourself instead of sending it to the cleaner's? – (to shrink). 8. Why don't you tell him, he's not
doing it right? – (to resent). 9. Why didn't you let him have an ice-cream? – (may hurt smb.'s throat). 10. Did you
tell her how to do it? – No, (not to take smb.'s advice). 11. Why didn't he stop to talk to you? – (to miss one's train).
12. Will you come and see me one of these days? – (to be glad to). 13. Could you come over and have dinner with
us to-morrow? – (to be delighted). 14. Why didn't you come to see your boy act in the play? – (may be nervous).
15. Why didn't she ask him any question? – (to get confused). 16. Why did you want him to do it? – (can do smth.
better).
Ex. 27. Complete the sentences by using the Past Conditional of the verbs in brackets.
1. He didn’t know anything about the party, or he (come). 2. The doctor told me nothing about the new
treatment, or I (try) it. 3. Why didn’t you consult your tutor? He (advise) you what to do. 4. We couldn’t get in
touch with each other, or we (avoid) a lot of trouble. 5. There were no computers in those times, or my father
(learn) them. 6. He was pressed for time last week or he (visit) his in-laws. 7. Helen didn’t buy the dress though it
was just what she wanted. In her place I (buy) it. 8. Michael finally made up with his son or he (change) his will. 9.
Why didn’t you ask me? I (can) (give a lift) you to the fitness centre. 10. It really was hitting news or everybody
(take) it easy. 11. You’ve got into a mess again! Really, you (can) (be) more careful! 12. Olga’s mother did all the
housework, or she (learn) how to cook. 13. She had an alibi or the police (arrest) her. 14. The new perfume was too
sweet or I (buy) it. 15. The serial was too long otherwise I (watch) it to the end. 16. If it weren’t for electricity, we
all still (watch) television by candlelight.
Ex. 28. Complete the following sentences, using should/ would + infinitive (indefinite or perfect) and
the words in brackets.
MODEL
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1) She was angry with you, otherwise she ... (to speak like this).
... wouldn't have spoken to you like this.
2) It is sure to rain later in the day, or the birds ... (to be flying so low).
...would not be flying so low.
1. She never intended to go, otherwise she (to pack her things). 2. She's really fond of children, otherwise she
(not to be popular with them). 3. He memorized his speech, otherwise he (not to speak so well). 4. I use only the
freshest butter, or my cakes (not to be so good). 5. She must have heard of it, otherwise she (not to be so glum). 6.
I'm sure he did not get the job, otherwise he (not to look so downcast). 7. Probably they are out, or somebody (to
answer the phone).
Ex. 29. Rephrase the following sentences, using the Conditional Mood.
MODEL
He is very absent-minded, so he always loses his spectacles.
He is very absent-minded, otherwise he would not always lose his spectacles.
1. It is a very good film and I advise you to go and see it. 2. The cake was very tasty and she asked for some
more. 3. She is running a high temperature and so we called a doctor. 4. We are having a spell of warm weather and
the tree burst into blossom so early. 5. He studied hard and so he made good progress. 6. The child was naughty
and the father punished him. 7. He refused point blank and I didn't try to persuade him to join us. 8. You forgot to
water the flowers and they withered. 9. She was upset by that letter, she burst into tears. 10. The child refused to go
to bed, he was afraid to go to bed in the dark. 11. That was his day off so he could go hiking with us. 12. The music
was too loud and the child woke up. 13. The grandpa is getting rather deaf so he has just got a hearing aid. 14. He
does a lot of reading in bed and his eyesight is poor now.
would do / could do
would be / could be
But for this smb
Ex. 30. Read the sentences, giving contracted form of the predicate verb as it is usually done in
colloquial speech. Analyze the Moods.
1. But for him we should never have known this. 2. But for you, doctor, we would have lost our daughter. 3.
But for his dog he would be quite lonely. 4. But for his long teeth he would be quite good-looking. 5. But for this
young woman none of this would have happened. 6. But for these people your uncle would have been dead long
ago. 7. But for this we should never have met. 8. I should never have thought of it but for you. 9. But for Miss
Marple we might have burned these letters. 10. The man was so near him that, but for the glass, Bobby could have
stretched out his arm and touched him. 11. I should already have seen Mrs. Vole but for her being absent when you
were arrested. 12. But for her freckles she would be quite a pretty girl. 13. I should not have minded so much but
for her interference. 14. We should have got there all right but for his losing the road-map. 15. But for my new
shoes which hurt my feet terribly I should have quite enjoyed myself. 16. But for the children who must be taken to
the dentist's to-morrow I should go too. 17. But for her tired eyes and the way she holds herself you would never
give her her age. 18. But for me you would be still standing there. 19. But for you I should be safe at home now.
Ex. 31. Compose sentences of the pattern but for + the Conditional mood.
MODEL
1) It began to rain and we didn't go for our walk.
But for the rain we should have gone for our walk.
2) We reached the camp at daybreak. He carried the boy on his back.
But for his carrying the boy we should have reached the camp much later.
3) I want to go but I have this examination to-morrow.
But for this examination I should go too.
4) With your help I can finish it in time.
But for your help I could not finish it in time.
5) She helped me and I could finish it in time.
But for her help I could not have finished it in time.
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1. He wants to go fishing but he has a bad cold. 2. He could not see the play as he had some work to do. 3.
She was not alone in the house. Her husband lay asleep in his room after the night shift. 4. I don't want to tell you
this. But I promised to. 5. In the end he went to see the doctor. His wife made him to. 6. He did not die. The
operation saved him. 7. We didn't have a very good time after all. The weather was too bad. 8. It was impossible to
read the inscription in the dark. Then he remembered he had a torch. 9. He has the makings of a good teacher but he
has a slight defect of speech. 10. Of course I want to help you. But I've a conference to-day. 11. He had a good
guide so he could climb the mountain. 12. It was only because the ice was so good that she could set a new record.
13. I could do it all in so short a time only because of your kindness and understanding. 14. You can't do it only
because of a certain lack of concentration.
Ex.32. Give answers to the following questions, using but for ... and the words in brackets.
MODEL
1) Why did not you go to Leningrad? – (the child's illness).
But for the child's illness I should have gone.
2) Why don't you come with us? (my headache). –
But for my headache I should gladly come.
1. Did he get an excellent mark for his composition? – (spelling). 2. How did you manage to translate it so
fast? – (my sister's help). 3. Why do you keep the dog chained? – (the neighbour's chickens). 4. Haven't you learned
to do it quite well? – (your explanation). 5. Is the picture good? – (but for the end). 6. Why did he refuse to speak at
the meeting? – (his sore throat). 7. Will they go to the Crimea this summer? – (the grand father's operation). 8. Isn't
the weather rather good? – (the wind). 9. Is she really a success as an actress? – (her voice). 10. Is he quite well
now? – (his overeating). 11. Do you like working here? – (the heat). 12. Did he set a new record? – (an accident).
13. Could you translate the text they gave them at the examination? – (my headache). 14. Can you see the sea from
your bedroom window? – (a screen of trees).
Ex. 39. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the Conditional Mood.
1. I didn't know about the fact, otherwise I (to give) you the extra day. 2. To have gone back then only (to
make) it more difficult. 3. There was no piano because it (to take up) much room. 4. I don't know what we (to do)
but for Nurse Duggon. 5. Last night it (to be) quite impossible. 6. How wonderful it (to be) to take the sadness out
of those big and lovely eyes! 7. Billy (to adore) to live in the country. His ideal happiness was to have a pleasant
cottage. 8. I (to like) to say 'no' but it (not to be) true. 9. But for his last remark she (not to start) a bargain. 10.
Normally by now the court-room (to be) almost empty but for one or two lawyers. 11. To say that John Forsyte
accompanied his mother to Spain unwillingly (to be) scarcely adequate. 12. She didn't know anything or she (not to
agree) to accept them. 13. Nobody ever (to say) that he is a shy and timid man. 14. I don't know what I (to do)
without you, my dear boy. 15. The sensation with which James dropped the letter was similar to that he (to have)
entering his bedroom and finding it full of black beetles. 16. But for that letter on the table she (not to accuse) you.
17. He (to do) everything but nobody asked him to. 18. And then you were surprised because she threw your
slippers at you. I (to throw) the fire-irons at you. 19. She was just the sort of person I (to expect) the wife of a
professor to be.
Ex. 41. In pairs, make up short dialogues, using patterns with the Conditional Mood.
MODEL
– I went to the cinema yesterday.
– I would have joined you but for my toothache.
1. We had a house party yesterday. There were many guests, but you didn't even ring us up. 2. I didn't allow
to think about it. 3. The situation hadn't been so tragic. 4. We worked hard. 5. He was so desperately nervous. 6. He
became very aggressive when he learnt about it. 7. He must be cold-blooded. 8. She felt so miserable when she
heard the news. 9. Strange as it is but he had paid much attention to this matter. 10. Lucky you are that you have
found the key to your flat. 11. I can't be proud of my son. 12. I think it's an admirable suggestion. 13. It was
difficult to say whether he was nearer to forty or to sixty. 14. Yes, he was having the most amazing time. 15. She
had a sore throat. 16. He made friends with ease. 17. My brother is very absent-minded. 18. To the present day I
can't make out why I did so.
§5 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I Sentences of real condition.
In the principal clause of a complex sentence the Future Indicative is used, while in the subordinate clause of
real condition the Present Indicative or the Imperative Mood is used.
e. g. If you ask him, he will help.
Note II The same mood-forms are used in complex sentences with the subordinate clause of concession:
e. g. Even if (though) he were here, he wouldn't help us.
Even if he had convinced her then, she wouldn't have agreed.
Note III Sometimes to emphasize the absence of the necessary circumstances inverted word order is used
and conjunction ‘if’ is omitted.
e. g. Had you seen this film, you would have enjoyed it immensely.
IV Problematic condition.
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In the principal clause of this kind of sentences Future indefinite or the Imperative Mood is used, in the
subordinate clause Present Suppositional is used.
The Suppositional Mood is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb ‘should’ for all persons singular and
plural and the infinitive without particle ‘to’:
should do (the present tense)
should have done (the past tense)
The Suppositional Mood represents an action as problematic but not as contradicting to reality. The
realization of the action may depend on certain circumstances but these circumstances are not contrary to fact.
e.g. If you should want your breakfast, come and get it. –
Если ты все же захочешь позавтракать, приходи и бери все сам.
If she should write to Jack, he won’t pardon her.
Если она вдруг ему напишет, он все равно ее не простит.
Ex. 50. Translate the sentences into Russian. Analyze the forms of the predicate verb.
1. If I lost my ideals, I should lose everything. 2. If I told her about it myself, she wouldn't believe me. 3. If
I were you I should fear him. 4. If I remembered him, I should say so at once. 5. She would be annoyed if she
were told so. 6. And what would you do if you were rich? 7. Would you tell them all if you were in my place? 8.
I should be quite jealous if I were you. 9. You wouldn't see the change unless you looked very close. 10. I
shouldn't let them down unless it were quite unavoidable. 11. He would be very happy if you talked to him for a
few minutes. 15. Would you come on Saturday if you had no work to do? 16. Would you sleep well if you did
not take some proper sleeping stuff? 17. Even if I didn’t love Robert, you’re the last man I should care for. 18.
Even if they had education or money men like Passini would not wish to be officers.19. If we could only get two
bicycles we should take a short cut and get to town in time. 20. If he had but a little more brains, I might make
something of him. 21. If they sent anything to us, it might be a bomb.
Ex. 51. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb.
1. If he ... back, I... him everything. (to come, to forgive) 2. I ... it if I ... in your place. (not to do, to be) 3.
He ... if she ... him. (to come, to ask) 4. I ... you if I ... it myself. (not to bother, can manage) 5. If he ... himself, my
answer ... the same. (to come, to be) 6. If it ... true, it ... the end of our friendship. (to be, to be) 7. How Edward ... if
he ... here! (to laugh, to be) 8. If she ... as clever as she thinks she is, she ... that he is dangerous. (to be, to know) 9.
Stay here, please. I ... easy if you ... within call. (never to feel, not to be) 10. There aren't any jobs. And if there ... ,
they ... them to me. (to be, to give) 11. I ... you at all if I ... you were what most other men are. (not to like, to think)
12. If I ... your mother I ... on your entering the University. (to be, to insist) 13. I ... happier if I ... all about it. (to
feel, can forget) 14. What ... you ... if I ... you all? (to say, to tell) 15. Do you think if you ... ill he ... a finger to help
you? (to be, to stir) 16. If I ... you, I ... that name again. (to be, not to mention) 17. If we ... our feelings all the time
we ... like cats chasing their tails. (to follow, to be)
1. Если бы я был сейчас свободен, я пошел бы купаться. 2. Если бы они были сейчас дома, они
помогли бы тебе. 3. Если бы сейчас была хорошая погода, дети пошли бы погулять. 4. Если бы они
приехали завтра, они застали бы меня в городе. 5. Если бы я завтра получила стипендию, я купила бы эти
туфли. 6. Она была бы счастлива, если бы могла приехать в наш город. 7. Он рассказал бы тебе все, если бы
знал сам. 8. Она приехала бы завтра, если бы дети не были больны. 9. Ты помог бы мне, если бы у тебя
было время? 10. Вы бы поехали завтра на дачу, если бы была хорошая погода? 11. Даже если бы он меня
пригласил в ресторан, я бы отказалась. 12. Я успел бы всех повидать, если бы приехал в воскресенье? 13. Я
не стал бы говорить тебе об этом, если бы не был уверен, что это правда. 14. Мальчик не лгал бы, если бы
не боялся тебя. 15. Я никуда бы не поехал, если бы лето у нас было теплое. 16. Что ты стал бы сейчас
делать, если бы у тебя было время? 17. Даже если бы она не красилась, она бы выглядело здорово.
Ex. 55. Read the sentences, giving the contracted forms of the predicate verbs. Translate into Russian
and analyze the moods.
1. If any one had told me of it yesterday, I should not have believed him. 2. If I had been in her place, I
should have done the same. 3. Do you think your pretty wife would have married you if she had known that? 4.
You mean that you would not have done so if you had known that you were being watched? 5. I am sorry that
you have been ill; I should not have bothered you with my affairs if I had known. 6. Everyone would have
known if they had quarrelled. 7. If he had asked me the same question that day, I would have given him the
same answer.8. If he had had the luck to be born ten years later, he would have avoided all this horror. 9. “You
see,” he said to me, “even if I had been able to get back to England on leave I would not have gone. 10. At the
time we talked I was unaware that it had happened. Even if I had known, it would not have seemed to me
important enough to mention it. 11. Anyway, even if we had been able to pay for the extra nurse, the matron
would not have kept her. 12. I could not have held out much longer if you hadn't come. 13. He could have
found the place easily if it had not been so dark. 14. If she had married someone else, she might have been
happier. 15. If he had drunk less and thought more, I might have saved him.
Ex. 56. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb. (All the sentences contain
unreal conditions and refer to the past.)
MODEL
If I (to know) about it, I (to help) you.
If I had known about it, I should have helped you.
1. If it (not to be raining) steadily for a fortnight, we (to cross) this river easily. 2. If you (not to interfere),
they (to forget) all about it in an hour. 3. If you (to trust) me, I (can lead) you safely through. 4. The dinner (not to
be spoiled) if you (to turn up) when you promised you would. 5. She (to know) how to act if she (to be given) all
the particulars. 6. He (not to take) this case even if he (to be asked). 7. The accident (not to happen) if the other
driver (not to be speeding). 8. She (to go) there even though she (to have) to walk all the way to the station. 9. None
(to mind) if he (to stay) away. 10. Someone (may notice) if she (not to be) there to meet us. 11. The dog (to bark)
his head off if it (to be) someone it did not know. 12. There (to be) no tracks on this concrete path even if it (not to
be raining). 13. The children (to raise) the roof if we (to try) to leave them behind. 14. He (to be delighted) even if
you (not to bring) him all these toys. 15. He (not to be) satisfied even though you (to consult) him before acting. 16.
The crops (to be) much better if there (to be) no early morning frosts that spring.
1. Если бы он не пошел вчера на каток, он бы не простудился. 2. Если бы у меня вчера были с собой
деньги, я бы купила те туфли. 3. Если бы я застала их вчера дома, я пригласила бы и их. 4. Если бы они
вчера приехали, они позвонили бы мне. 5. Я сделал бы то же самое, если бы был тогда на твоем месте. 6.
Он действовал бы иначе, если бы он уже тогда знал обо всем. 7. Если бы она лучше занималась в школе,
она не провалилась бы на вступительных экзаменах. 8. Если бы ты подождал меня в субботу, ничего этого
не случилось бы. 9. Собака не укусила бы тебя, если бы ты ее не дразнил. 10. Ты не проболел бы столько
времени, если бы послушался совета врача. 11. Ты улетел бы еще вчера, если бы заранее купил билет на
самолет. 12. Если бы я вовремя купила этот словарь, я бы не потратила столько времени на перевод.
Ex. 60. Change the sentences of real condition into the sentences of unreal condition.
MODEL:
If you come, I shall be very glad.
а) If you came tomorrow, I should be very glad.
б) If you had come yesterday, I should have been very glad.
1. If they come in time, we'll manage everything. 2. If you tell her the truth, she'll be disappointed. 3. If the
wind rises, the boat will be driven ashore. 4. The dog won't bark if you move noiselessly. 5. You won't even know
if he deceives you. 6. Who'll be responsible if something unexpected happens? 7. What will you do if you miss the
last bus? 8. Well, who will undertake the job if I fail? 9. If you come, we'll have a nice chat. 10. Will you go to the
country if the weather breaks? 11. What will she do if he leaves her? 12. What will your boss say if he finds
everything out?13. He'll never succeed if he works in fits and starts. 14. I won't forget to post the letter if you
remind me before we leave. 15. Will you call me up if you learn the facts? 16. How will he find the way if he
comes without warning? 17. What country will you go to if it is up to you to choose?
Ex.61. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.
MODEL
1) If I were you, I (to read) the book in the original.
If I were you, I should read the book in the original.
2) If I had known how dull the film was, I (not to go) to the cinema.
If I had known how dull the film was, I should not have gone to the
cinema.
1. If this reviewer had expressed an unfavourable opinion of the poems, it (to affect) the poet greatly. 2. They
(to go) for a swim in the lake if it were warmer. 3. If the poem were not so long, I (to recite) it to show what I
mean. 4. If you had given me leave to act, I (to do) my best to arrange the matters. 5. Even if it were not so late I
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don't think I (to go) to the cinema. I don't feel like going anywhere. 6. Even though he realized how bad his health
is, he (not to stop) the preparations for the experiment. 7. Even if I had had a dictionary, I don't believe I (to be
able) to translate the text in the short time we were given. 8. Even if you had given her every opportunity to do so,
she (cannot do) it in so short a time. 9. Even if I wanted to, I (can do) nothing now. 10. If you really wanted to help,
you (can do) it even now.
Ex.62. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.
MODEL
1) If she (to be) present, she would explain it all to you.
If she were present, she would explain it all to you.
2) If I (not to lose) his address, I should not have wasted all this time.
If I had not lost his address, I should not have wasted all this time.
1. If you (not to be) in my way, I should not ask you to step aside. 2. If you (to attend) to the explanation,
you would not have made so many mistakes. 3. I should reconsider my decision if I (to be) you. 4. If you (to
remind) me to bring the book, I should not have left it at home. 5. I should try to explain to you where you go
wrong if you (not to be) so angry. 6. If he (to approve) of the plan, he would say so. 7. Even if she (to put) a
question point blank, she would not get anything out of this woman. 8. Even if I (to know) what it was all about, I
should not have paid any attention to them. I was much too tired. 9. Of course he has not left. Even if he (to be) in a
hurry, do you think he would leave without saying good-bye? 10. Even if it (to rain), it would not have spoiled the
party. Not for me at any rate.
Ex. 63. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the oblique mood.
1. We (to come) back by all means even if it (to be) as late as midnight. 2. "Even if I (to write) to Dave, he
(not to get) the letter," said Stephanie. 3. You hardly (to believe) it even though you (to see) it with your own eyes.
4. Even though you (to come) earlier you (not to find) me in. 5. Even if you (to know) him well, you (not to
recognize) him, he has so greatly changed. 6. He is a sound sleeper and you (not to wake) him up even if your voice
(to be) as loud as a train whistle. 7. Even if the work (to be) twice as difficult I (not to refuse) to do it. 8. You (to
do) as you please even if I (to give) you advice. 9. Even though the way (to be) twice as short we (to miss) the train
all the same, for I got the schedule mixed up. 10. She (cannot join) our excursion even if you (to invite) her; she
was ill.
Ex. 67. Compose conditional sentences on the basis of the following statements.
MODEL
1) It's raining hard. We can't go out.
If it were not raining so hard, we could go out.
2) I have no dictionary, I shan't finish the translation today.
If I had a dictionary, I should finish the translation to-day.
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1. She thought of her figure and refused a second helping of pie. 2. He was deep in his thoughts and did not
notice the "no parking" sign. 3. I have a composition to write, I can't go to the pictures. 4. There is no one to sit
with the baby, I have to stay at home. 5. The sun came out at last, and we began to enjoy ourselves. 6. She did not
think much of her son-in-law and never took his advice. 7. There were so many people there that nobody noticed
his absence. 8. He's a friendly dog. The children are very fond of him. 9. He lost his temper and said things he did
not really mean. 10. She knows how kind he is, so she does not mind.
Ex. 68. Make up a story by combining the sentences and making them unreal.
Model: If David hadn't got an invitation he wouldn't have gone to the party.
I. 1. David got an invitation. 2. He went to the party. 3. David drank too much. 4. He got drunk. 5. David
drove dangerously. 6. He had an accident. 7. David was seriously injured. 8. He had to be taken to hospital.
II. 1. Lucy saw the advertisement. 2. She went for an interview. 3. Lucy got the job. 4. She met Alan. 5. He
asked her out. 6. They fell in love with each other. 7. Alan proposed to her. 8. They got married.
Ex. 70. Translate into Russian. Analyze the structure of the sentences.
1. Were I in her place I should not believe a word of it. 2. Were he not so vain he would stop at once. 3.
Had I known who you really were, I should not have invited you to my house last night. 4. Had she been more
friendly towards me, I would have felt sorry for her. 5. Were he less suspicious he would not be suffering so. 6.
He really believed that were it not for her connections, he would be in some danger. 7. At that moment anything
might have happened, had it not been for a sudden cry from the crowd.
Ex.74. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the form of the verb indicating the past.
1. If you (not to go) out in this weather, you would not be ill. 2. If I (not to leave) my watch at home, we
should know the time. 3. If it (to rain) in the night, the ground would be soft. 4. If you (to leave) the window open,
the room would not be so stuffy. 5. They would be approaching home now if they (not to miss) the six o’clock
train. 6. Your paper would be ready now if you (not to waste) so much time making up your mind what subject to
take. 7. I should love to come if I (not to promise) mother to stay at home and baby-sit. 8. She couldn’t cook so
well if she (not to be taught) properly. 9. You would be much more comfortable if you (to eat) a good breakfast. 10.
He wouldn’t behave like that if he (not to make up) his mind in advance.
Ex.79. Make the following sentences conditional (real or unreal), starting with If.
1. It’s important to protect wildlife now or there will be nothing left for future generations. 2. He’s not a
millionaire. He won’t buy you a house. 3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them, so
the seeds didn’t grow. 4. He hopes he will get rich one day and will see the world. 5. When they were young many
people didn’t realize that smoking was dangerous. Now they are having serious health problems. 6. I couldn’t stop
the car. There was an accident. 7. They are leaving soon and it makes me unhappy. 8. He didn’t enjoy school, so
he didn’t do very well. 9. Time flies! You can never think of your future. 10. The fax hasn’t come yet. We can’t
act. 11. It was raining quite hard, but Mary went out wearing thin sandals, and her feet soon got wet. 12. He bought
the house without consulting the agent. Now he realizes it wasn’t a sensible thing to do. 13. Helen ate too much
birthday cake. She was sick. 14. Heidi is going to eat the whole cake. She is sure to fall ill.
Ex.81. Complete the following sentences using the required Oblique Mood.
1. If you had been at home ... . 2. If I were not so busy ... . 3. She wouldn’t have done it if ... . 4. You
wouldn’t have fallen ill if ... . 5. If there were no oxygen in the air, ... . 6. If he had sent a telegram ... . 7. The
watch wouldn’t have stopped if ... . 8. If it were not raining .... 9. If you know what to do, ... . 10. If I had known
everything ... . 11. If he was late this morning again, ... . 12. I’d have got there long ago if ... . 13. He would study
much better if ... . 14. Had I known how dangerous this journey was, ... . 15. If we knew him better ... . 16. The
child wouldn’t be crying if ... . 17. If you had managed to escape ... . 18. If you pay your money right now, ... . 19.
If I had known this was so difficult, ... . 20. If the campers had put up the tents accurately,... . 21. If Mary had not
been idle all this time, now... . 22. If the child eats too much, ... .23. If I were King, ... . 24. Napoleon would have
taken England, ... . 25. A student soon forgets what he has learned, unless ... .
Ex. 83. Here is the number of events which affected the course of world history. Speculate what might
have happened if these events had not taken place.
2,000,000,000 BC First life on earth
20,000 BC First writing
8,000 BC Wheel invented
800 AD Paper money first used
1327 Guns first used in battle
1492 Columbus discovered America
1556 Tobacco introduced to Europe
1861 Alexander II abolished slavery in Russia
1875 Bell invented the telephone
1879 Edison invented the electric light
1926 Baird invented television
1945 First use of atomic bomb in war
1956 John Lennon met Paul McCartney
1961 First man in space
Ex. 87. Translate the sentences. Analyze the forms of the verbs.
1. If by any reason you should not come, there may be trouble. 2. If you should want me tonight by any
chance, send round a note to me. 3. Perhaps, if such a thing should happen again, Mrs. De Winter will tell me
personally. 4. But if they should learn the truth about it, what will happen then? 5. Of course if you should wish to
have the fire in the library, I will give orders for it to be lit. 6. If this plan should prove too complicated, well,
everything can be changed yet. 7. You will not recognize me if we should meet again. 8. If he should come back,
don’t let him enter. 9. If anything should happen to you, I will kill myself.
Ex. 89. Make the condition more problematic according to the model.
Model: If danger comes, we shall be prepared to meet it. –
Should danger come, we shall be prepared to meet it.
1. I don’t care if the whole village knows. If that happens, we shall have to send you away. 2. If you decide
to sell your country house, my brother will be willing to buy it. 3. If there are many problems by chance, we are
ready to help. 4. If you get lost in the area, ask a policeman. 5. If I get the job, I’ll invite you to the restaurant. 6. If
there is something urgent, call us. 7. If Maxim fails you again, forget that he has ever existed. 8. If something goes
wrong, we’ll hire a private detective. 9. If I lose my independence, I’ll get a full-time job. 10. If Adrian turns up,
inform him of the latest events. 11. If he insists, ask him to give all the reasons. 12. If the weather by chance turns
out to be on the miserable side, well, there are alternatives.
Ex. 92. Translate into English. Use Present Indicative or Present Suppositional Mood.
1. Если вы когда-нибудь будете путешествовать по Италии, то обязательно поезжайте в Неаполь,
чтобы увидеть Везувий. 2. Случись вам побывать в Италии, обязательно посетите Венецию. 3. Сегодня я
25
еду в книжный магазин. Если увижу хороший словарь, то куплю его. 4. Я знаю, что ты книголюб и часто
бываешь в книжных магазинах. Вдруг ты увидишь словарь сленга, купи мне его, сколько бы он ни стоил. 5.
Если он решит рискнуть, что же, это его выбор. 6. Случись, что они все-таки рискнут, они определенно все
потеряют. 7. Если ты получишь эту информацию по Интернету, дай мне знать. 8. Тебе здорово повезет,
если вдруг ты обнаружишь эти данные в Интернете. 9. Если шеф задерживается, то он всегда звонит и
предупреждает об этом. 10. Случись, что я задержусь, мой управляющий может начать переговоры. 11.
Вдруг самолет задержится, вот тебе журнальчик, чтобы скоротать время. 12. Если он опять попадет в
аварию, то потеряет права. 13. Случись вам попасть в Кению, поезжайте на сафари.
Conditional sentences
Revision Exercises
Ex. 93. Change the type of condition in the following sentences by making the condition problematic,
unreal in the present or future, unreal in the past (give three variants in each case).
MODEL:
l) Real condition
If I see her, I’ll be very glad.
Если я увижу ее, я буду очень рада.
2) Problematic condition
If I should see her, I’ll be very glad.
Если я все же увижу ее, я буду oчень рада.
3) Unreal condition
a) Present– Future
If I saw her, I should be very glad.
Если бы я увидела ее, я была бы oчень рада.
b) Past
If I had seen her, I should have been very glad.
Если бы я ее увидела, я была бы oчень рада.
1. If he is still here, I shall introduce you. 2. If nobody objects, we shall discuss it first. 3. If you want to go, it
can be arranged. 4. If she refuses to act, we shall have to take some steps to stop it. 5. If she learns about it, she will
be offended. 6. If he is not here by six, I shall go. 7. If you insist on it, we shall certainly not stop you. 8. If it starts
raining later in the day, we shall play indoor games. 9. If I am through before you are, I’ll wait for you downstairs.
10. If they like your poems, they’ll publish them.
Ex. 94. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb. (All the sentences are
supposed to be hypothetical)
1. I liked your face, otherwise I (not to speak) to you the way I did. 2. To have remained there any longer (to
be) a senseless waste of time. 3. But for a slight trembling of her lips no one (can guess) how lost she felt. 4. To go
on in this rain (to give) you pneumonia. You are wet through as it is. 5. It (to be) a pity to turn back now. 6. You (to
have) better not mention his name in front of them. They (may) think it tactless. 7. If only I (can make) him go back
on his promise! 8. If I had not promised my friend to baby-sit to-night, I (to love) to come. 9. I don't want to borrow
her clothes! Why, I (not to wear) that dress even if you (to pay) me for doing so. 10. Of course she was having a
rare good time, otherwise she (to notice) what happened. 11. If only I (not to promise) I would. I can't get out of it
now. 12. I (to do) it even if they were all against me. It's the only thing to do. 13. You can simply bring him along.
Nobody (to mind). 14. In your place I (to go) there. It's a lovely place. The children (can play) on the beach all day
long. You (to love) it. 15. If you (to find) yourself in any kind of trouble, there's always me, you know. I (to be)
glad to be of any use. 16. Your mother is my dearest friend. But for this I (not to interfere). 17. If you simply (to
be) thoughtless, I (can forgive) you. But it was downright cruelty.
1. Конечно, он не получил письма, иначе он пришел бы. Он был бы уже здесь. 2. Суп был бы
прекрасный, если б ты положила меньше соли. 3. Он жестокий человек, и просить его о помощи было бы
бесполезно. 4. Пошли! Ждать дольше было бы глупо. 5. Лучше оставайтесь здесь до утра. 6. Ах, если бы
дождь перестал! 7. Если все же меня не будет дома, когда ты придешь, попроси соседей дать тебе ключ. 8.
Она была хороша в этой роли, но ее сестра была бы лучше. 9. Ах, если бы я тогда знала об этом! Я бы
никогда не согласилась! 10. Я бы предпочла остаться дома. 11. По-моему, ей лучше сегодня салата не есть.
12. Жаль, что мама не смогла приехать. Ей бы тут понравилось. 13. Делай, как хочешь. Я бы ее не
26
приглашала. 14. Что бы ты сделала на моем месте? 15. Если б не ветер, день был бы чудесный! 16. Может
быть, вы лучше сейчас пообедаете? 17. Даже если бы он не помог мне, я кончил бы все вовремя. 18. Если
бы не орфография, сочинение было бы неплохим. 19. Она не видит нас, иначе она бы поздоровалась. 20. Я
бы не стала с ним спорить. По-моему, он был прав. 21. Лучше купи немного сыра и масла по дороге домой.
22. Я не хочу обедать, я бы лучше взяла бутерброд и чашку кофе. 23. Конечно, он хочет там работать, иначе
он не согласился бы туда ехать. 24. Если бы не туфли, которые очень жали, я бы чудесно провела время. 25.
Вот вы бы, например, так поступили?
Ex. 98. Read and translate the sentences. Analyze the given forms.
1. "What's going on here?" "I wish I knew." 2. "How I wish I had money!" she thought. 3. I wish I could
know what she was thinking about. 4. I wish he weren't coming. 5. I wish the rescue were possible. 6. I wish I
had taken your advice. 7. I wish you might come too. 8. I often wish I had been born a man. 9. I wished I had
said something else. 10. I wish it hadn't happened. 11. He wished that the child were his. 12. She felt
uncomfortable and began to wish she had refused to come. 13. I wish you could have heard it yourself. 14. I wish
you wouldn't treat me like that. 15. I wish you would smile again. 16. I wish you could have accepted the
invitation of your English doctor friend.
Ex. 100. Supply the correct form of the Subjunctive Mood of the verbs in brackets.
1. Oh, I wish I (not to send) him that letter. I'd give anything to take it back. 2. I wish I (to be) as sure as you.
3. But he wished that there (to be) some way in which he could help the young lawyer. 4. "I wish I (not to cry) so
much," said Alice trying to find her way out. 5. And here I wish I (can) tell you half of the things Alice used to say.
6. I rather wished Poirot (to be) there. 7. I wish I (to know) it was your friend. 8. He wished he (to come) by air. 9. I
wish I (to know) what to do now. 10. I wish that poor Strickland (to be) still alive. 11. I wish I (to know) it was
your birthday, Lady Windermere, I would have covered the whole street in front of your house with flowers. 12. I
wish they (to be) back. 13. I wished I (to have) enough confidence so that I could transfer some to her. But I didn't.
14. I wish I never (to hear) of it. 15. I wish to Christ we (to have) bicycles. 16.I wish I (to know) where we are
going. 17. I wish that I (to be) with the British. It would have been much simpler.
1. It isn't Sunday today. 2. Brendon has to study so hard! 3. Lucy has too many friends. 4. I don't have a
computer. 5. My cousin can't find a good job. 6. They live far from the station. 7. She doesn't know Ted's address.
8. Billy leaves for work too early. 9. The child didn't tell us the truth. 10. Helen didn't finish high school. 11. I
didn't call my parents yesterday. 12. We spent all our money at the sale. 13. My neighbour bought a used car. 14.
Paul went to bed too late last night. 15. The weather was miserable last week.
28
Ex. 102. Express regrets about the following (starting with wish) and add four more regrets of your
own.
1. My students are not always in time for class. 2. I didn't work hard when I was at school. 3. Our climate is
so changeable! 4. Nelly is sorry that she didn't save enough money when she was still working. 5. What a pity we
have ever met! 6. I didn't stay at home late at night and got involved into an accident. 7. My neighbours are very
noisy people. 8. Helen didn't buy the dress and is very sorry about it. 9. My director is too bossy and demanding.
10. Victor can't get on well with his relatives. 11. My father couldn't fix our new VCR yesterday. 12. I still don't
know who you really are.
Ex. 103. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the Subjunctive Mood after the verb to wish.
1. He was sorry he couldn't join us. 2. It's a pity you were absent yesterday. 3. I'd like him to be more polite.
4. They are sorry they didn't invite her. 5. He was disappointed that he would not be able to see the film. 6. I regret
now not having told her all the truth then. 7. What a pity you can't swim. 8. I'm awfully sorry I kept you waiting so
long. 9. It's a pity I couldn't go to the theatre with you. 10. I'm very sorry that I have disturbed you. 11. It's a pity
you are leaving so soon. 12. I'd like to see the film again. 13. It was a pity we could not see the stage well. 14. They
were sorry they hadn't taken a taxi and had missed their train.
Ex. 105. Paraphrase the following so as to use the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses after the verb
wish.
1. What a pity that I have grown up and that I am not a child any longer! 2. The patient is sorry that he lost
control of himself and spoke to the doctor rudely. 3. What a shame that you can't believe us! 4. Mike's parents
regret not having listened to what their son wanted to do in life. 5. My brother is a born worrier, I'm sorry to say. 6.
I am awfully sorry I disturbed you in the middle of the night, but the matter was urgent. 7. It's a pity she couldn't
find accommodation in the city. 8. What a spendthrift you are! But today you really spent too much! 9. It's so
annoying but we have to go. 10. We're upset that our plan failed. 11. Marina was sorry that she hadn't invited her
classmates to her party. 12. What a shame! I forgot to call Robert again. 13. The whole family was disappointed
that they couldn't buy the house. 14. I must say she's an extremely tough woman. 15. Unfortunately, you will not
receive the job you've applied for.
Ex. 106. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the present or past tense of subjunctive II (use would +
infinitive where possible).
MODEL
1) I wish he (to warn) me in time. – I wish he had warned me in time.
(You can't use would + infinitive as it does not replace the past tense of subjunctive II).
2) I wish you (not to speak) so loudly.
a) I wish you did not speak so loudly.
b) I wish you would not speak so loudly.
1. I wish you (not to smoke) indoors. 2. I wish he (not to stay) to dinner. There's not enough soup to go
round. 3. I can't make him take his cod-liver oil. I wish you (to speak) to him about it. 4. I have such a headache. I
wish the people next door (not to play) the records quite so loudly. 5. We liked the film so much. I wish you (to see
it) too. 6. It was not long before we wished we (not to come). 7. He asked after you and said he wished you (to
write) or (to come) over some time. 8. I wish your children (not to interrupt) us. 9. I wish the people in front (to
stop) talking. I can hardly hear the actors. 10. Now of course I wish I (to take) his advice. 11. It is awful the way the
window frame rattles in the wind. I wish somebody (to do) something about it. 12. She couldn't sleep all night. Oh,
how she wished she (not to write) that letter.
Ex.108. Translate into English using the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses.
1. Как жаль, что вы были так неосторожны. Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы послушали совета
наших друзей. 2. Как жаль, что это произошло в ваше отсутствие. 3. Жаль, что вы не интересуетесь
искусством. 4. Я теперь жалею, что не захватила с собой таблетки от головной боли. 5. Ты пожалеешь, что
не пошел со мной. 6. Жаль, что вы не сохранила письмо. 7. Хоть бы ей кто-нибудь сказал, что это
невежливо. 8. Ей очень хотелось, чтобы кто-нибудь заметил ее и спросил, что она тут делает. 9. Хорошо,
если бы вы всегда приходили вовремя. 10. Жаль, что вы не смогли посмотреть этот матч. 11. Досадно, что
преподаватель обращает мало внимания на ваше произношение. 12. Хотелось бы мне, чтобы вы были
осторожнее в следующий раз. 13. Как жаль, что я не могу как следует описать вам сцену, которая затем
последовала. 14. Как жаль, что доктор ушел. Я не спросила его, когда принимать лекарство. 15. Обидно,
что мы не знаем его адреса. Мы могли бы сходить к нему сегодня же. 16. Жаль, что в детстве меня не учили
никакому иностранному языку. 17. Она жалела, что ей не было слышно, о чем говорили внизу. 18. Я бы
хотела, чтобы ты содержал все свои вещи в порядке. 19. Напрасно он не посвятил свою жизнь математике.
Это его любимый предмет с детства.
1. Ten to six. It's time he were here. 2. Well, it's about time you started packing. 3. High time she knew all
about it. 4. Isn't it time you went to bed, young man? 5. I think it is about time we took some preventive measures. 6. It's
high time they were told about him. 7. I didn't understand it. It was high time they phoned. 8. Don't you think it's time you got
the cake out. I can smell it burning.
30
could do
Ex. 112. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the subjunctive mood in subject clauses after the
expression it is (about, high) time.
1. It is time you (to understand) it is no joking matter. 2. It is high time that you (to get down) to business. 3.
It's about time we (to be leaving). 4. It's high time you (to change) your opinion of him. 5. Isn't it time the rain (to
be stopping)? 6. It is about time he (to express) his own point of view for once. 7. You are still sleeping, aren't you?
It's high time you (to have) breakfast. 8. You are not a child. It's time you (to feel) some responsibility. 9. Look, the
flowers have drooped their heads. Isn't it high time they (to water)? 10. Dinner is ready. It is time we (to sit down)
to table. 11. Why are they not back yet? Isn't it high time they (to return)? 12. It is about time fine weather (to set
in).
Ex. 113. Paraphrase the sentences using the subjunctive mood after the expression it is (about, high)
time.
1. It is necessary to put an end to this pointless talk. 2. You do not seem to realize the importance of the
matter. 3. Why can't you express such simple things in English yet? 4. If you do not want your illness to assume a
serious character, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. 5. You must begin reading books in the original
no matter how difficult it may seem to you. 6. Isn't it time to be moving up front? We are getting off next stop. 7. It
is high time for everybody to come. 8. It is about time for the train to pull out. 9. It is high time for the second
course to be served. 10. It is about time for you to start on a research. 11. It's time for her to understand that she is
no longer a child and to seriously think of her future. 12. It is about time for the team to start practising.
Ex. 114. Paraphrase the sentences using the subjunctive mood after the expression it is (about, high)
time.
1. Marina should think of her future. 2. Oleg must consult a specialist. 3. The family ought to have a holiday.
4. The house needs to be given a new coat of paint. 5. We need to call an electrician. 6. I must become independent
from my parents. 7. The children should go to bed and switch off the light. 8. You ought to feel responsible for
your family. 9. Will you stop asking me questions about my personal life? 10. Why should you live throwing your
parents' money around? 11. I'm sorry, I have to say goodbye and leave. 12. How can you watch that boring
programme? 13. You are a modern woman. Don't you want to learn to drive a car? 14. Your parents need your
support. Why don't you help them? 15. Will you get down to business, all of you!
1. Вы водите машину не первый год. Пора знать правила уличного движения. 2. Давно пора зажечь
свет. Зачем портить зрение? 3. Ребенку давно пора спать. 4. Не пора ли обратить серьезное внимание на
этот вопрос? 5. Не кажется ли вам, что давно пора закончить ремонт? Скоро зима. 6. Вам давно пора
обратиться к зубному врачу. 7. Давно бы пора привыкнуть к его причудам. Они ведь знают его не первый
год. 8. Чего мы ждем? Нам бы пора уже быть в пути. 9. Пора вам знать формы глагола to lie. 10. Не пора ли
им прекратить эти шутки? Они меня раздражают. 11. Пора бы ей вернуть книгу. 12. Пора бы вам перестать
делать такие ошибки. 13. Пора бы им прийти. 14. Пора бы им научиться это делать. 15. Пора бы лекции
начаться. 16. Вам не пора идти? 17. Не пора ли вам начинать? 18. Не пора ли ей принять какое-то решение?
19. Не пора ли вам будить ее? 20. Мне кажется, что нам уже давно пора прийти к какому-то соглашению.
21. Давно пора положить этому конец. 22. Пожалуй, мне пора отправиться. 23. Мне кажется, что вам пора
вмешаться.
If the action of the subordinate clause follows the action of the principal clause ‘would’ + infinitive is used.
e.g. She sank back on her chair and began to weep as if her heart would break.
Ex. 117. Read and translate the sentences. Analyze the Moods.
1. John looked at him as if he were a three-legged chicken or a square egg. 2. He looks at me sometimes as if
he were sorry for me. 3. She looked at him as if he were dirt under her feet. 4. She felt afraid as though she were
here, in this house, a prisoner. 5. I had to smile as though I knew all about it. 6. When I came back they were at the
corner as if they were waiting for me. 7. His eyes were set deep in their sockets, as if he had been recently ill. 8.
He gazed into space as though he had seen a vision. 9. He looked ten years older, his face pale as though he hadn't
slept. 10. My mouth and lips felt sticky as though I had been drinking liquid glue instead of wine. 11. He looked
around as if he hardly dared utter words. 12. She gazed up at me with shining eyes as though she couldn't wait for
me to begin my talk. 20. She spread her arms wide as if she would embrace them all. 21. Suddenly she stopped and
stood swaying as though she would fall. 22. She paused and shut her eyes as though she would faint.
Ex. 121. Respond to the utterances using Subjunctive II in adverbial clauses of comparison.
Model: – All thought you'd never come.
– You speak as if you did not believe me, I never break up my promise.
1. I thought I should find you here. 2. I don't know what you are saying. 3. What have you been up to since I
saw you last? 4. Why are you sniggering at me? 5. They have been worried about you lately. 6. Have you tried to
get in touch with him? 7. I felt sure you'd like to have the latest news of her. 8. It's raining, we'll get soaked. 9. Did
you hear all that we were saying? 10. "Come along, quickly." 11. You said yourself a moment ago that he was
extremely well. 12. Paul seemed to have no objection. 13. I couldn't stop laughing. 14. I must rush for my bus. 15. I
am so happy. 16. Why should she change the conversation? 17. Did you notice the way she stared at me?
Ex. 123. Comment on the Subjunctive Mood in predicative clauses introduced by as if, as though.
1. Erik looks as if he were at peace with himself and the universe. 2. Samantha looks as if she had fallen in
love. 3. Sindy felt as if she had lived a long, long time. 4. It was as though she were trying to see him through. 5.
I never knew what terror was before, I know now. It is as if a hand of ice were laid upon one's heart. 6. The
children now felt as if their father had never been away on that terrible war in the Persian Gulf. 7. It sounded as
though it might be a good story. 8. It was almost as though I were looking at myself at the age of five. 9. What's
the matter with you? You look as though you were miles away.10. Bill behaves as if he had got into a pretty good
mess. 11. He managed to make his words sound as if he had a bad taste in the month. 12. The trunk looked as
though it would fall on our heads. 13. The Stones behaved as though we were the bitterest of enemies and hadn't
been living next door to each other for twenty-four years.
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Ex. 124. Finish up the sentences showing a) simultaneous actions, b) prior actions, c) the action
following the action in the principal clause.
(A)
1. Не looked as if ... (he/to be surprised). 2. Her voice sounds as if ... (she to be upset).3. Why do you look as
if ... ? (you/not to believe) 4. She felt as though ... (she/to spy on). 5. The water tasted as though ... (it/to be not
fresh). 6. It was as if ... (we/not to be friends). 7. It seemed as though ... (the man/to cheat).8. He feels as if ... (he/to
be fooled). 9. The air smells as though ... (it/to be spring). 10. Why do you look as if ... ? (you/to be angry).
(B)
1. The soup tastes as if ... (it/not to salted). 2. He looks as if ... (he/ to be running). 3. I feel as though ...
(I/not to sleep). 4. It seems as though ... (the weather/to break). 5. His words sounded as if ... (he/to be offended). 6.
She looked as though ... (his movements/to irritate). 7. I feel as if ... (I/to swallow). 8. It is as if ... (she/to deceive).
9. It was as though ... (somebody/to strike). 10. It seemed as if ... (I/not to be).
(C)
1. Не looks as though ... (he/to begin to shout). 2. She felt as if ... (she/to faint). 3. It seems as if ... (it/to be
warmer). 4. You sound as though ... (you/never to forgive). 5. They looked as if ... (they/to start). 6. I feel as if ...
(I/to get a fever). 7. If seemed as though ... (it/to snow). 8. She feels as though ... (she/to get better). 9. It was as if ...
(they/to make peace). 10. The sun shone as though ... (it/to dry everything).
Ex. 125. Fill in the blanks.
1. For a moment Radl felt as if he ... back in short trousers and in front of his old schoolmaster. (to be) 2. It
sounded as if it ... something important, but it wasn't. (to be) 3. It looked as though the silence of the night ... on her
nerves. (to get) 4. They felt as if they … under siege. (to be) 5. Now that we're together again it looks as though
we ... .(not to part) 6. She looked pale and as if she excited. (to be) 7. He fancied that she looked as though she …
him. (not to believe) 8. The little girl looked for a moment as thought she ... to cry. (to be going) 9. The streets
looked as if they ... of silver. (to make) 10. It seemed as if she ... the entire day. (to wait) 11. He looked as if he ...
anything in his life. (never to fear) 12. He felt as if he ... . (to fly) 13. It was as though somebody ... a hurried search
for something. (to make) 14. The voice sounded as if it ... in the room. (to be)
Ex.129. Supply the necessary forms of the Subjunctive Mood in clauses introduced by as if and as
though.
1. Whenever I saw them it looked as though they (to be) on very good terms with one another. 2. The knife
shone as though it just (to come) out of the workshop. 3. As I opened my door I seemed to hear a changing sound
as if a mass of metal (to fall). 4. Suddenly the voice was clear and strong as if Constance (to be) in another room of
34
the hotel. 5. Fred wasn't shy, and he talked to Gracie's parents as though he (to know) them all his life. 6. His
tanned, smooth skin looked as though a razor never (to touch) it. 7. You behave as if you (to be married) to her
already. 8. You look as though you (not to have) much sleep the last night or two. 9. She noticed a shade of thought
pass over his face as if he (to begin) to realize that things were changed. 10. He felt as if he (to catch) cold. 11. He
leaned against the desk, and upon my word he was shaking as though he (to get) fever. 12. He looked as if he (to
step) from the pages of "Pickwick Papers". 13. She always smelled as though she just (to come) from a long walk
in a forest. 14. She clutched the letter to her heart as though she (to think) I would take it from her. 15. He looked
as if he (not to have) a meal for a week, and I hadn't the heart to refuse him. 16. Sharon frowned as if she (to be
puzzled). 17. He looked as if he (not to sleep) much lately.
Ex. 130. Open the brackets using the right form of the Subjunctive Mood.
1. When you watch all those soaps on television, you feel as if people in them (think) only of love and (not
have) any problems. 2. She walked as if she (be) a Queen, as if the world (belong) to her. 3. He felt fresh and rested
as if he (not work) for twelve hours non-stop. 4. In that small dress Miranda looked as if she (be) a teenager. 5.
What a fuss and what a mess! It looks as if the last preparations for Christmas (make). 6. He was holding the baby
as if it (be) something very fragile. 7. Sometimes it seems to me as though the world (come) to an end! 8. It appears
now as if Cora never (love) Martin, as if it (be) a bad dream. 9. While reading the novel I felt as if I also (live) in
those times and actually (take) part in the events. 10. When you are looking at the Vesuvius you feel as if it (can
erupt) at any minute. 11. Nigel is searching for something. It looks as though he (lose) the key. 12. The agent felt as
if he (watch) by somebody. 13. She put on her sunglasses as if she (try) to hide the expression of her eyes. 14.
Surprisingly, there were no people in the streets. It looked as if they (stay) at home or (leave) for their country
houses. 15. Adrian looked at Pamela so tenderly as if he (forgive) her and (be) in love with her again. 16. She
looked as though her mouth (be) full of lemon juice. 17. He kept gazing at her as if she (be) some sort of goddess
or something. 18. Snape looked as though Christmas (cancel). 19. In so many ways he felt as though he (know)
nothing, (learn) nothing, though he was sixty-eight years old. 20. She looked to him as if she (need) a good meal.
1. Вы так загорели, словно все лето провели на юге. 2. Она смотрела на меня, как будто не узнавая. 3.
Вы так много курите, как будто вы чем-то взволнованы. 4. Я уверена, он сделает вид, будто слышит об
этом впервые. 5. Что с вами? У вас такой вид, будто вам нехорошо. 6. Она ведет себя так, будто она
ребенок. 7. Минуту, другую он стоял посреди комнаты, как будто не зная, что делать. 8. Почему вы
смотрите на меня так, словно я говорю неправду? 9. Она говорила и смеялась, словно играла на сцене. 10.
Я люблю тебя так, как любил бы собственную сестру. 11. У меня было такое чувство, будто мы говорим с
ним на разных языках. 12. Я уверена, он будет держаться так, будто не чувствует никакой боли. 13. Она
дышала так тяжело, как будто бежала всю дорогу. 14. Он говорит так, как будто повторяет чьи-то слова.
15. У вас такой вид, словно вы не знаете, куда идти. 16. Он говорил о вас так, будто хорошо вас знает. 17. Я
помню все так четко, словно это произошло вчера. 18. Почему у тебя такой вид, будто ты мне не веришь?
19. Похоже, что все уже ушли. 20. У меня такое чувство, будто меня обманули. 21. Он говорит так, как
будто ему не семнадцать лет, а семьдесят.
1. Она выглядит так, как будто бы не спала всю ночь. 2. Ей казалось, как будто бы ее лицо все горело.
3. Ему казалось, что он встречал этого человека раньше. 4. Она выглядела так, как будто ей всего
шестнадцать лет. 5. Уже осень. Но на улице так тепло, что кажется, как будто бы вернулось лето. 6. У него
был такой вид, как будто бы она вот-вот расплачется. 7. Его слова звучали так, как будто бы он сам не
верил тому, что говорил. 8. Ей казалось, что она уже давно живет в этом доме. 9. Дориан Грей выглядел
так, как будто бы он все еще был молодым человеком. 10. Посмотри, все кругом покрыто снегом. Кажется,
что снег шел уже целую неделю. А ведь он начался всего два часа тому назад. 11. Похоже было, будто бы
он собирается ударить ее. 12. Девочка упала и расшибла коленки. Кажется, как будто этот мальчик толкнул
ее. 13. Посмотри, какая она загорелая. Кажется, что она только что вернулась с юга. А на самом деле она
жила на даче под Москвой. 14. Похоже, что она обиделась на мои слова, хотя я не сказал ничего обидного.
15. Казалось, как будто бы он ждет ее уже два часа, а прошло всего 10 минут. 16. Она выглядела так, как
будто бы она чувствовала себя неловко в их доме.
35
Ex. 133. Translate into English.
1. Жизнь протекала гладко, словно никогда ничего не происходило. 2. Будь я на твоем месте, я бы
попытался вести себя так, словно ничего не случилось. 3. Она чувствовала, словно что-то необычное
должно было случиться с ней. 4. Почему ты ведешь себя так, словно что-то скрываешь от нас или словно
совершил что-то плохое? 5. Мы не обратили внимания на слова Чарльза, словно они не были важны,
словно никто их и не слышал. 6. Он понимающе улыбнулся, словно прочитал мои мысли и знал обо всем. 7.
Я уже взрослый. Почему ты все еще обращаешься со мной так, словно я ребенок? 8. Она выглядела так,
словно была вполне довольна своей жизнью и не перенесла такого страшного шока. 9. Все это выглядит
так, словно Николай всю жизнь учит английский язык и все-таки не может на нем говорить. 10. Лектор
начал говорить медленно и красноречиво, словно старался с самого начала завоевать внимание аудитории.
11. В комнате был такой аромат, словно в ней был миллион роз. 12. Пирог был таким необычным на вкус,
словно в него положили все пряности Востока. 13. Фильм произвел на меня такое сильное впечатление
потому, что казалось, словно он о моей собственной жизни. 14. Все выглядит так, словно они узнали о
моем решении и сейчас пытаются заставить меня изменить его. 15. — Я чувствую себя так, словно я
абсолютно счастлив. — Словно это возможно! 16. Эмма взглянула на него и улыбнулась так, словно опять
прочитала его мысли.
Revision
2. Both tenses of the Suppositional Mood can be used after the principal clause beginning with it’s natural,
it’s surprising, it’s strange, it’s curious, it’s odd, it’s doubtful, it’s impossible, it’s unpleasant, it’s understandable,
it’s a pity, it’s a shame, etc. Present Suppositional Mood shows simultaneousness, Past Suppositional Mood shows
priority.
e.g. It’s surprising that she should be in love with him.
It’s strange that she should still be studying at school.
It’s surprising that she should have married him.
it’s necessary,
it’s advisable,
Ex. 138. Fill in the blanks with the form of Present Suppositional Mood or Subjunctive I.
1. It was recommended that the citizens ... indoors. (to keep) 2. It is necessary that the parcel ... to them this
very evening. (to be delivered) 3. Is it really important that I ... her? (to see) 4. My dear, it isn't desirable that he ...
here. (to come) 5. It was arranged that the actors ... first. (to arrive) 6. It is advisable that during the performance
the doors ... . (to be shut) 7. It was very important that the people ... what was going on. (not to see) 8. It was
ordered that all of them ... silent. (to keep) 9. It was intended that the room ... vacant. (to remain) 10. Is it necessary
that we all ... here? (to stay)
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Ex. 139. Translate into English.
1. Необходимо, чтобы они остались здесь до завтра. 2. Нужно, чтобы вы все прочли эту книгу. 3.
Желательно, чтобы вы повидались с ними завтра же. 4. Хотелось бы, чтобы кто-нибудь из вас помог ей. 5.
Очень важно, чтобы все узнали об этом незамедлительно. 6. Нужно, чтобы это письмо было передано
секретарю сегодня же. 7. Приказано, чтобы все явились в офис к десяти часам. 8. Было решено, что
практика начнется первого октября. 9. Требуется, чтобы кто-нибудь из студентов помог библиотекарю. 10.
Было решено, что в эту субботу занятий не будет. 11. Требовалось, чтобы все прошли тест в тот же день.
12. Было предложено, чтобы все присутствующие подписали это соглашение.
it’s natural
it’s surprising
it’s strange smb should do smth
it’s curious, that
it’s odd smb should have done smth
it’s doubtful
it’s impossible
Ex. 140. Read and translate the sentences. Analyze the forms of the verbs.
1. It's very odd that he should be so late. 2. It is understandable that he should be troubled. 3. It is most
strange that she should have chosen such a profession. 4. Isn't it odd that he should be so sensitive? 5. It seems
odd that he should not have said anything about it to you. 6. It was perfectly incredible that she should not have
heard the cry. 7. It's quite natural that they should have different views. 8. It is strange that she should have been
trapped like that. 9. It's quite right that you should say it frankly. 10. It's unheard of that the children should play
such games. 11. It was impossible that they should have stopped the train.
Ex. 141. Translate into English.
1. (а) Странно, что она так много думает об этом случае. (б) Странно, что ты не подумал об этом
раньше.
2. (а) Жаль, что его здесь нет. (б) Жаль, что он уже ушел.
3. (а) Ужасно, что ей приходится так много работать. (б) Ужасно, что ей пришлось потратить на эту
работу столько времени.
4. (а) Вполне естественно, что она так расстроена. (б) Вполне естественно, что на твой звонок никто
не ответил, их не было дома.
5. (а) Не может быть, чтобы они ничего не знали о моем приезде. (б) Не может быть, чтобы ему
ничего не сказали о случившемся.
6. (а) Может ли быть, чтобы ты не знала адреса своей собственной сестры? (б) Возможно ли, чтобы
ты не узнала собственную сестру?
Ex. 144. Join the sentences given into complex sentences with a subject clause.
Model : The child is naughty. It annoys me.
It is annoying that the child should be naughty.
1. She suggested going for a walk. It's not surprising. The weather is so fine. 2. Nick broke his mother's
favourite vase. It's exasperating. 3. I can't find enough time for all reading I want to do. It's annoying. 4. She has a
happy knack of looking very busy about nothing. It's remarkable. 5. His eyesight is poor. He wears glasses. It is
necessary. 6. They will take my advice. It is necessary. 7. This five-year-old child can read and write. It's
remarkable. 8. She is in high spirits. It's not surprising. She has just passed her exam in English. 9. When she takes
a thing into her head there is no stopping her. It's exasperating. 10. We have missed our train. It's such a pity. 11.
You have not read this book by Maugham. It's odd. 12. The girl was speaking too fast for me to catch what she
said. It's exasperating. 13. He didn't answer and waited for me to speak for him. It's unfair. 14. He helps his friend a
lot. It's remarkable. 15. The child has crossed the street in front of a car. It's terrifying. 16. She speaks French
fluently. It's not surprising. 17. Children must spend much time in the open air. It's advisable. 18. He didn't help his
mother about the house. It was absolutely outrageous.
orders
suggests
Smb insists that smb should do smth
proposes smb do smth
demands
desires
Ex. 151. Complete the given phrases using the Suppositional Mood or Subjunctive I in object clauses.
l. We advise.... 2. They insist.... 3. The speaker demanded ... . 4. I suggest... . 5. The president ordered ... . 6.
The headmistress advised that ... . 7. The doctor demanded .... 8. The councillor strongly advised .... 9. The women
requested .... 10. The manager was determined ....
Ex. 152. Complete the following sentences adding an object clause.
1. It was agreed that I should write them a letter suggesting that... . 2. It was getting dark and the guide
proposed ... . 3. Several people have suggested that... . 4. On Sunday he suggested that... . 5. She saw why they had
insisted that... . 6. When I suggested that... . 7. So they thought of me and proposed ... . 8. He decided to telephone
his former schoolmates to suggest them that they ... . 9. It was her own family who suggested ... . 10. Everyone
agreed with my suggestion that... . 11. He wants to suggest that ... . 12. I don't see why you insist that... . 13. The
weather was so fine that their mother suggested that ... . 14. Next morning he proposed ... . 15. Fearing it would
rain he insisted ... . 16. It was getting dark so I insisted ... . 17. Watching the football match he suddenly desired ... .
18. It's a pity that you refused when I suggested ... . 19. He had a splitting headache and demanded ... . 20. The day
was fine and I proposed ... . 21. The patient was laid up with pneumonia and the doctor demanded ... . 22. I enjoyed
my trip to St Petersburg and suggested ... . 23. Our luggage was very heavy and mother insisted ... . 24. A new film
was on and our monitor suggested ... .
Revision
Ex. 169. Paraphrase the following sentences to use Mood forms in subject; object; predicative and
attributive clauses.
Model: I suggest going to the country.
Subject clause: It is suggested that we should go to the country.
Object clause: I suggest that we should go to the country.
Predicative clause: The suggestion was that we should go to the country.
Attributive: The suggestion that we should go to the country was quite sudden.
Attributive–appositive: The suggestion was made that we should go to the country.
1. I suggest our starting off as soon as the car is repaired.
2. He very much insisted on being given time to finish his work.
3. He gave instructions for the shop window to be refurnished.
4. Don't forget that the doctor advised you to give up smoking.
5. It's very important not to confuse such things.
Ex. 170. Open the brackets. State the type of the subordinate clause.
1. It was agreed that he (to start) on his new job on Monday. 2. I'm afraid lest (not to be able) to make my
point clear. 3. I suggested that she (to take off) her coat and (to move) towards the fire. 4. It was surprising that she
(to make) friends with our boys. 5. It's important that I myself (to speak) with your captain. 6. My fear was lest I
(not to get back in time). 7. It outraged me that he (to remind) me of my duty. 8. Her only disappointment was that
he (not to come) to the party. 9. It's odd how little our days (to vary) here. 10. Tom seemed very worried, and
insisted that we (to stop) playing and go home. 11. The arrangement was made that Mr. Dodd (to have) a room at
44
the local pub. 12. It's important that children (to teach) to know the right things from the very beginning. 13. It was
surprising that after such a long journey he (to look) in first-class physical condition. 14. It's funny that you (to
think) so. 15. Their recommendation was that I (to go) and (to see) him at once. 16. It's not at all necessary that I (to
explain) anything to you. 17. Of course it was quite possible that Mrs. Lee (to be) badly ill. 18. It's advisable that
you (to talk) to the old man in a quiet relaxed tone. 19. The necessity is that you (to find) a specialist who could
deal with it. 20. The officer ordered that the bridge (to destroy) at dawn. 21. He was anxious that you (to know) the
truth. 22. They demanded that the doctor (to tell) them what was the matter. 23. He had given instructions that
everything possible (to do). 24. He decided that his son (to have) a proper education.
Ex. 174. Translate into Russian. Analyze the choice of the forms.
1. Не ran lest hesitation should grip him again. 2. She clenched her teeth lest she should cry out. 3. He held
his breath lest he should be discovered. 4. "I did not know about it," he said rather hastily, lest the other should
feel hurt. 5. I took the dog downstairs so that it shouldn't be in the way. 6. Well, don't you talk to him just at
present lest you might make him feel uneasy. 7. I had to lie so that he might not have an opportunity of seeing
you. 8. She said it so that you might be able to come. 9. Tell me, tell me at once so that our lives may drift apart.
10. He had an early breakfast so that he might catch the first tram. 11. She implored him to marry her, so that the
child could have a name. 12. We wear these oxygen helmets so that we can't introduce our bacteria into their
45
atmosphere. 13. My mother tied my boots together when she packed them, so that I could not lose them one
without the other.
Ex. 177. Make the sentences complete by using the Subjunctive Mood in adverbial clauses of purpose,
introduced either by so that or lest.
l. Show her the way to the station … . 2. Pack you clothes at once .... . 3.Ask her to dinner... . 4. We carefully
packed each priceless cup in cotton wool ... . 5. I did all my shopping early in the morning... . 6. He’ll stay in bed a
couple of days longer ... . 7. I have kept this letter ... . 8. Stay away from those people ... . 9. Cut your expenses ... .
10. The children hid in the barn ... . 11. Let's make a stop ... . 12. Control what your kids watch ... . 13. Change your
shoes ... . 14. Switch off the gas ... . 15. You'd better tell the truth ... . 16. Stay calm ... . 17. Don't display your
feelings ... . 18. Eat more fruit and vegetables ... . 20. Follow me carefully ... . 21. Close the window ... . 22. Put a
cactus near the computer ... .
1. Try to come early so that I ... time to see you alone. (to have) 2. He followed her into the room and shut
the door that the servants ... .(to hear) 3. I put on my hat so that I ... to come up again. (to have) 4. She told her old
friend this much, in order that there ... no misunderstanding. (to be) 5. He turned the bills around so that the man ...
them all properly. (to see) 6. He sat quite still not daring to move lest he ... the chain of thought that followed the
first idea. (to break) 7. They crept behind the bushes so that they ... a watch upon the place. (to keep) 8. And the car
too was drawn up behind the wall so that it ... from the road. (to see) 9. I did not say a word lest I ... her again. (to
upset) 10. They stood aside so that the procession ... . (to pass)
Ex. 182. Paraphrase the following sentences , using oblique moods in clauses of purpose.
Model: I immersed myself in a study of the newspapers in order to talk about current events.
I immersed myself in a study of the newspapers so that I might talk about current events.
1. He lowered his voice in order not to be heard by neighbours. 2. He must ask her mother delicately in order
to avoid any topic that was painful to her. 3. He was gallantly silent in order to give their friends an opportunity to
argue to their heart's delight. 4. The mother sang her lullaby quietly in order to comfort her child. 5. He brought a
tape-recorder in order to record the concert. 6. He couldn't see her often, but he wanted to be nearby in order to be
able to help her. 7. Gray asked him for his address in order to be able to summon him at once. 8. You have invented
a very useful younger brother called Ernest to come up to town as often as you like.
REVISION
Ex. 189. Read, translate the sentences, analyze the moods and state the type of the subordinate clause.
1. It was arranged that Bill should slip a note into the door of his room. 2. God forbid that I should condemn
you, whatever you have done. 3. I wish she had brought you up properly. 4. I only suggest that the doctor should be
sent for. 5. If, on the other hand, you decide to back him as chairman, so be it. 6. If I had known that she was so ill,
I would have come at once. 7. Everything within her was passive, as though her feelings had already died. 8. It's
not right that he should sit here. 9. I wish we'd gone to a movie. 10. If I could live here, I might be really happy. 11.
"Well, I would give anything to be just like Lord Illingworth." "I would sooner see you dead." 12. Peace be with
you, my children. 13. I wish you were not so obstinate. 14. He feared lest she should be back too soon. 15. If I were
very rich, I should buy her a car. 16. It was only natural that he should be afraid of the big animal at first. 17. Were
48
I in your place I should never forgive him. 18. I must do what my father would have done in the same
circumstances. 19. I wish I had seen the Owens, I wish I knew what they were like. 20. I'd better be getting back.
21. He had better be left in peace. 22. It's very unfortunate that all this should have happened to her. 23. Could I
have forseen her reaction I would never have uttered a word. 24. Should they come, tell them I'll soon be back. 25.
What I'd like to know is what happened here afterwards. 26. I'd be happy if he could have saved all this money. 27.
He carried a candle in one hand, and though he was wearing a hat pulled down over his eyes, his voice would have
betrayed him anywhere. 28.
Ex. 190. Analyze the use of the oblique moods in the sentences. State the type of the clause.
1. The orders are that we stay here. 2. Oh, I wish the July holidays were here! 3. It was Harran who first
suggested that his brother, Lyman, be put forward as the candidate for this district. 4. I had not seen him for a year
and more, but he looked up at me as if I'd been in yesterday. 5. She neither looked nor spoke to Florence now, but
went on as if she were alone. 6. I should prefer not to be interviewed on the subject. 7. He was a man careful with
his statements lest he should be unjust to somebody. 8. If only one were like birds! 9. I wish you had not put
yourself to so much trouble. 10. I think I'd sooner have the other one. 11. It was growing dark, and I began to fear I
should find nothing of importance before nightfall. 12. It's curious that their mother's blood should have worked so
differently in her two sons. 13. I wish one of you would tell me what it was I said that was so funny. 14. It is
necessary that every crack should be covered; also between the floor and the door. 15. You had better come with
me. 16. The phone did not stop, and it sounded as if it never would stop as long as she lived. 17. What if things had
been different? 18. She'd never have made the money that paid for your education if it hadn't been for my advice
and help. 19. A real change of air and surroundings would be very helpful. 20. Mr. Domby proposed that they
should start. 21. In the bleak morning hours it was perhaps natural that her mind should go back to the previous
afternoon. 22. You would be much happier now if you had taken my advice. 23. If you should happen to change
your mind, I'm always ready to take this off your hands. 24. He thought how hard the wind was blowing, and how
the cold sharp rain would be at that moment beating in his face, if he were not comfortably at home. 25. It is high
time that you did it. 26. All good attend you, my dear! 27. But you must be amongst beautiful things in the country
even if it were only a little cottage. 28. He always had his vacations in winter in order that he might enjoy winter
sports. 29. Whatever the reason be, the fact remains.
Ex. 192. Insert the appropriate form of the Subjunctive Mood. Comment on the form and the use of
the Oblique Moods. Translate into Russian.
49
1. He brightened as if he__a gift. (to receive) 2. I wish you __ me alone now. (to leave) 3. It's time I __ it out
again from the beginning. (to think) 4. When I suggested that he __ to bed he said he could not sleep. (to go) 5.
...glancing sidelong at his nephew, he thought: "I wish I __ his age!" (to be) 6. "God __ us always," I said, "from
the innocent and the good." (to save) 7. She held her baby up to the window that she __ the pretty silvery tinkle of
the little bells on the pagoda. (to hear) 8. For a fortnight it was necessary that someone __ with him all night, and
she took turns at watching with her husband. (to stay) 9. Lady Bracknell, I admit with shame that I do not know. I
only wish I____ . (to do) 10. Except for the unexpectedly sad lines which ran from his nose to the corners of his
mouth he __ like a boy. (to look) 11. Her face looked strange, as if she __ to cry and __ how. (to want, to forget)
12. But I still don't begin to understand why these people, however silly they __ about their beliefs, __ ready to risk
murder. (to be, to be) 13. Heaven __ me, I left you alone with that scoundrel. (to forgive) 14. He was still puffing
and blowing as if he __ just __ a mile. (to run) 15. I regret to say, Miss Chiltern, that I have no influence at all over
my son. I wish I___ . If I __, I know what I __ him do. (to have, to have, to make) 16. "I want to marry Aileen,"
Cowperwood repeated, for emphasis sake. "She wants to marry me. Under the circumstances, however you __, you
can have no real objection to my doing that, I am sure." (to feel) 17. Besides, it's high time you __ down. (to settle)
18. She ran down to her cabin that she __ the ship pulling away. (not to see) 19. I wish you __ me. (not to interrupt)
20. Far __ it from me to marry any woman on account of her money. (to be) 21. Your father tells me you think
highly of his accomplishments whatever they___ . (to be) 22. A little later Fox suggested that he __ her a monthly
allowance, in addition to the rent of the room. (to pay) 23. She __ to bed last night just as if nothing __ if I __ her.
(to go, to happen, to let) 24. Perhaps, if such a thing __ again, Mrs.de Winter will tell me personally? (to happen)
25. My people told me this story about the man so that I __ what a fool he was and not be like him. (to understand)
26. I am feeling very drowsy, and it is time I __ to bed. (to go) 27. As she spoke to me she was glancing about the
bar, her gaze hopping from one face to the next, as if it __ imperative that she __ nothing of what was going on in a
shrivelling world, no matter how trivial it ___ . (to be, to miss, to be) 28. I wish you __ with your work instead of
interrupting me all the time. (to get on) 29. She proposed that in a little while she and I __ married. (to get) 30.
Anything's better than to sit there as if you __ you __ a thousand miles away. (to wish, to be)
Ex. 193. Open the brackets using the right mood of the verb in brackets.
1. – Fiona (get) the job if she (know) computers. – What a shame! 2. If they (be) more careful and (lock) her
flat the burglars (break in). 3. If the head master (be) here he (tell) us what to do. 4. If I (have) enough money next
year I (go) to Cyprus. 5. Do you think it (be) a good idea if we (phone) the police? 6. Well, honey, what you (say) if
I (ask) you to marry me? 7. We (go) and see the Lovedays tomorrow if we (know) the address. 8. If we (have) time
next Sunday we (go hiking). 9. If Mason not (be) so shortsighted he (notice) the change in the figures at once. 10.
We not (be) in such a tough situation now if you (make) all the arrangements beforehand. 11. If you (be) a stamp
collector at the beginning of the 1840s, you (have) no problem in getting an example of every different stamp in the
world. After all, there were only two! For 1840 was the year the postage stamp was invented. 12. Her daughter-in-
law was coming toward her; she looked as if she (walk) on air, so graceful was she. As if she not (have) two kids.
13. I'm sure Gideon not (make) the announcement if he not (be) deeply in love with Lenore. I just wish the situation
(be) a little less complicated. 14. This (be) a headache years ago; now all the programs are computer-aided. 15. If
you (have) 30 children and (be asked) which is your favourite you (have) to say that the youngest, because they are
the ones who still need you the most.
Ex. 194. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the Oblique Mood.
1. If it (to be) all the same to me, I (not to come) and (to talk) to you. 2. (to be) there some more of us, it (to
take) only a few days to get through with it. 3. Both of them fell to their roles as though they (to be born) to them,
as though it (to be) in their blood, as though they (to be guided) by an instinct. 4. I wished I (not to dwell) upon that
occasion. 5. No sooner had I closed the door behind him than I felt as if something very evil just (to leave) the
room. 6. But for his stupid jokes I (to stay) there longer. 7. It's time you (to understand) that this is no joke. 8. I
didn't say anything just then but I certainly wish I (to say) something. 9. If he (to find) me in his office he (to be)
furious. 10. I wish you (not to speak) to me as if I (to be) a police inspector. 11. If I (to be) your mother I (to insist)
on your going. 12. He looked the room over as if he (to think) of renting it. 13. I wish I (to know) it was birthday,
Lady Windermere, I (to cover) the whole street in front of your house with flowers for you to walk. 14. If I (to
have) a right I (to sit) down at the piano for hours. I wish I (can) buy it. 15. He felt as if his troubles (not to be) very
serious. 16. Indeed, with more hair and less collar, he (to look) completely Byronic.
Ex. 196. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the Oblique Mood.
1. Elizabeth gave him a look that some years before (to please) him. 2. If you (to tell) me you wanted to
come I (to send) to you a formal invitation. 3. The attempt at a smile made him look as if he (to be) sea-sick. 4. A
huge stone stands in this deserted place as if it (to take up) here by a giant. 5. A few years ago in a storm like this
an airport (to close) completely. Now it did not. 6. He always looked as if he (to need) a good meal. 7. I tell you
straight, if it (not to be) for you, I (to pick up) my things and (to leave). 8. It seemed as if his family troubles just (to
begin). 9. If you (to do) this a year ago there (to be) some use in it. 10. "I wish I (to know) where we are going," she
repeated for the twentieth time. 11. He spoke curiously as if he (to be) nearly in tears, as if he, not she, (to suffer)
from strain. 12. Two or three steps farther and her life (to be) in danger. 13. (to be) Irene present, the family circle
(to be) complete. 14. To his surprise Mrs. Garnet was not so much opposed to the notion as he (to expect). 15. He
sounded breathless on the telephone as though he (to run). 16. But for her self-control the mystery (to be) at an end
tonight. 17. If you (to spend) money for a decent doctor when she was so sick she never (to know) morphine
existed!