Business Model Formulation Survey for Shared Smart

Metering System
providing Solutions for System Loss Reduction
System Loss Reduction Solution Team
August, 2019

Legal Notice:
This documentation includes technical knowledge and secret information that
belong to our company and our licensors.
Therefore, it shall neither be disclosed to any third parties, be copied, nor be used
for any purpose other than that accorded by our company.

TEPCO Power Grid ,INC.

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Outline of AT&C Losses

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Structure of AT&C Losses
• Technical loss is the lost energy in transmitting electricity through the
distribution lines before being consumed by end-users.
• Non-technical loss (commercial loss) is the energy consumed by end-
users but which is neither metered nor billed to the consumers.
• Broader definition of commercial loss also includes “financial loss”, or
“uncollected revenue”, which is metered and billed energy consumption.

Energy from Distribution Substation

Distribution System Loss Metered End-user Consumption

(MV, Transformer, LV, Service Drop, Meter) (energy sold)

Not
Consumed Consumed

Uncollected Collected Bills

Non-
Technical Loss technical Financial Loss
Loss

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Location of Loss
• Technical loss is the lost energy in transmitting electricity [A].
• Non-technical losses (commercial losses) are Theft Loss [B], Defective
meters [C], Meter reading errors [D] and Uncollected Revenue [E].

A B
Theft Loss Illegal connection
Technical Loss
Meter
bypassing/tampering

Supply from
Meter Consumption Customer
Distribution line

C
Defective Meters
(unintentional) Meter
Billing Payment
Reading

Meter Reading / Uncollected

D Data Entry Errors E Revenue

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ELLD：Estimation method for Low-voltage Loss and Demand

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Huge Theft Loss DT Identification Procedure
1. Calibration of prediction formulas
Prediction formulas consist of SM data, DTSM data, connection information,
customer information and LT feeder information etc.
ELLD prediction formulas for DT load curve estimation
TM1 [kWh]

LT feeder CM1 [kWh] CM2 [kWh] CM3 [kWh]

information Customer type 2 etc. Customer type 3 etc.
Customer type 1 etc.
DTSM
SM SM SM

2. Identification of huge loss DT

Huge loss distribution transformer is identified by comparing the load curve
estimated by ELLD with that of actual DT.
Actual DT load Load curve estimated
TM1 [kWh] Comparison
curve by ELLD
LT feeder
information Customer type 1 etc. Customer type 2 etc. Customer type 3 etc.
DTSM

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Theft Detection by ELLD Method
Comparing the load curve estimated by ELLD with that of actual DT

Case.1
Difference is big
(Ah) Theft
Actual Estimated
(A)
Estimated

Case.2
Difference is small
(Ah)
Estimated
(A) Actual Theft or Error
Estimated

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Theft Loss Reduction Procedure
1. Identification of huge loss area
Huge loss areas are identified by plot of huge loss DT.

2. Loss reduction activities

The loss reduction activities will be carried out to the
area where estimated huge loss areas. Supposed
counter measures are shown below. The
countermeasures will be carried out in combination.
• Smart meter installation
• Reconductoring from bare wire to covered wire
• Pole metering
• Meter clustering
• Etc.

Huge loss DT
Estimated huge loss area

Example of huge loss area

Example of meter estimation
Example of pole metering
clustering
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Estimated Effect of Loss Reduction Solution
• The transformer from which huge electricity is stolen can be identified by
smart meter of customer or ELLD (Estimation method for Low-voltage
Loss and Demand).
• Theft loss is reduced efficiently by installing smart meters under high
theft transformers.
System Loss Example (％)
25.0 25.0

23.0 23.0
Non Technical Loss Non Technical Loss
21.0 Reduced by AMI 21.0 Reduced by AMI
19.0 19.0

17.0 17.0

15.0 15.0 Can reduce Non Tech Loss

effectively by ELLD
13.0 13.0

11.0 11.0
Remaining Loss
9.0 9.0
Technical Loss
Reduced by Updating
7.0 Remaining Loss 7.0 Distribution Equipment
5.0 5.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(year) (year)

【Introduction of AMI】 【AMI+ELLD method＋α】

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Technical Loss

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Outlines of Losses in Typical Distribution Network

DTs

MV lines LV lines

Service lines

HV Customers MV LV Customers
Customers
Wh Meters

Technical Losses : due to DTs and MV Lines (as above)

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Candidate Measures for Loss Reduction (Technical)

Equipment Side
Installation of low loss equipment
(DTs; AMTs or Top Runners)
Using proper-sized wires (especially for MV)
Upgrading system voltages
Optimization of LV Network Configuration
Replacement of Watt-hour Meters
(replace the induction type with SMs)
Operation Side
Phase Re-balancing
Reactive Power Control
Deactivating TR in Distribution Substations

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Case study on Loss Reduction

TEPCO PG Group has conducted a simple case-study on loss

reduction for a distribution company in some Asian country.

Peak Demand 125 MW

Sales in a year 0.8 TWh
Annual Income PHP 5 Bil.
Total Numbers of DTs 3,000 bank
Total Outputs of DTs 200 MVA
Total Length of MV Lines 2,000 km
Total Length of LV Lines 2,000 km
Loss Rate 10%
Loss Amount 76 GWh

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Comparison of Loss-Red. Measures

Results of loss reduction measures are shown below,

(the annual demand increase is 4% for 30 years)
IRRs of some measures are expected to be promising.

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Proposal

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Survey Target of Theft Loss Reduction Solution
• Losses are identified by the following ways.
• Survey targets of theft loss reduction solution are shown below.

Target of survey
DTSM SM DTSM + SM
[A] Technical loss System analysis software
[B] Theft loss Illegal ELLD No way ELLD
connection (Customer demand (LT feeder technical
Meter and LT feeder Meter reading data loss is estimated by
bypassing technical loss are ELLD)
Non-technical loss

analysis
estimated by ELLD)
Meter SM (anomaly
tampering detection)
[C] Defective Meters Meter reading data analysis
(unintentional)
[D] Meter Reading / Data Meter reading data SM (automatic meter reading)
Entry Errors analysis
[E] Uncollected Revenue Meter reading data SM (remote meter switch operation )
analysis
SM: Smart meter at customer DTSM: Smart meter at distribution transformer

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Schedule

Phase Contents 2019 2020

Jul. Sep. Dec.
Survey Survey on smart meter
installation status in Philippines
Information and data
acquisition for loss reduction
study
Evaluation of loss reduction At least 3 months

technologies application with

trial calculation of amount of
loss reduction.
Trial calculation of amount of
CO2 reduction
Selection of pilot ECs
Pilot Pilot project will be carried out
based on the survey if loss
reduction solutions are
applicable on next phase.
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(Reference) Necessary Data for ELLD

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Creation of Prediction Formulas

Developing Estimation method for Low-voltage Loss and Demand

* Data from 200 DTs are required for accuracy prediction formula.
1. Customer Load Curve 2. Customer Information 3. DTSM Load Curve 4. LT feeder information
(SM data) of SM data

SM DTSM
connection connection

⇔
connection

⇔ ⇔
DT

• Data of load curve per • Contract Load/Max kW • Data of load curve per • LT feeder information
30 minutes of customer • Category (e.g. 30 minutes of (configuration, type of
consumption Domestic, Transformer wire, resistance,
Commercial ) consumption thickness and length)
• Connection of meter on
LT feeder

Application Prediction Formulas

(Prediction formulas for load curve forecast
are created by ELLD)

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Load Curve Forecast

Developing Estimation method for Low-voltage Loss and Demand

1. Customer Load Curve 2. Customer Information 3. DTSM Load Curve 4. LT feeder information
of SM data
DTSM
connection connection

⇔ ⇔
DT

No need
• Data of load curve per • Contract Load/Max kW • Data of load curve per • LT feeder information
30 minutes of customer • Category (e.g. 30 minutes of (configuration, type of
consumption Domestic, Transformer wire, resistance,
Commercial ) consumption thickness and length)
• Connection of meter on
LT feeder

Transformer Load Curve

Application (A) Actual Estimated

(Load curves are
forecasted by ELLD)

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