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Steel 3
Steel 3
Steel 3
Pu (1.2 D ) (1.6 L)
Here, the dead load is D , the live load is L and the factored load is Pu .
Calculate the direct tensile load for a single bolt using LRFD method.
Vb Tu / nb
Here, the direct tensile load for a single bolt using LRFD method is Vb , the horizontal
component of factored load is Tu and the number of bolts in the connection is nb .
Determine the location of centroid of bolt areas measured from top bolts in LRFD.
y (( y1 n1 ) ( y2 n2 )) / A
Here, the location of centroid of bolt areas measured from top bolts is y , the vertical
distance of 1st row of bolts from the extreme fiber is y1 ,the number of bolts in the
topmost row is n1 ,the vertical distance between the centroidal section from the extreme
fiber is y2 and the number of bolts in the second row from the top is n2 and the area of
the section of top bolts is A .
y
Substitute 3 in for 1 , 2 for n1 , 9 in for y2 , 2 for n2 and 6 in for A .
2
y ((3 2) (9 2)) / 6
= 4 in
e e
Substitute 80.5 kips for Vu , 6 in for v , 40.25 kips for Tu and 7 in for h
M u 80.5 6 (40.25 7)
= 764.75 in-kips
M u = 764.75 in-kips …… (3)
Equate (1) and (3).
30 rt 764.75
Solve for rt .
rt 764.75 / 30
= 25.5 kips/bolt
Compute the total tensile load per bolt using LRFD method.
T .L Vb rt
Here, the direct tensile load for a single bolt using LRFD method is Vb , the total tensile
load per bolt using LRFD method is T .L and the tensile force of the bolt using LRFD
method is rt .
Substitute 1 in for d .
Ab ( 12 ) / 4
= 0.7854 in 2
Compute the shear strength of the connection using LRFD method and check the value
against bearing load per bolt.
Assume that the threads are in the plane of shear.
S .S Fnv Ab
Here, the nominal shear stress in the absence of tension is Fnv , the area of a single bolt is
Ab , the shear strength of the connection using LRFD method is S .S and the resistance
S .S 0.75 54 0.7854
= 31.81 kips
31.81 15
Hence, O.K.
Check for upper limit on nominal tensile stress in the presence of shear in LRFD.
F
Fnt ' (1.3 Fnt ) ( nt ) f rv
Fnv
Fnt
Here, the nominal tensile stress in the presence of shear is Fnt ' , the nominal tensile stress
in the absence of shear is Fnt , the nominal shear stress in the absence of tension is Fnv ,the
required shear stress using LRFD method is f rv and the resistance factor for LRFD is .
Substitute 90 kips for Fnt , 0.75 for , 54 kips for Fnv and 19.1 ksi for f rv .
90
Fnt ' (1.3 90) (( ) 19.1)
0.75 54
= 74.55 ksi
74.55 < 90
Hence, O.K.
Check for shear and the adequacy of bolts using LRFD method.
Vreq 32.21 kips/bolt
Vact Fnt ' Ab
Here, the resistance factor for LRFD is , the actual shear developed in the bolt is Vact ,
the nominal shear stress in the presence of shear is Fnt ' and the area of a single bolt is Ab .
Substitute 0.75 for , 74.55 ksi for Fnt ' and 0.7854 in for Ab .
2
Therefore, the number of bolts provided are adequate using LRFD method.
Compute the total service load using ASD method.
Pa D L
Here, the total service load is Pa , the dead load is D and the live load is L .
Compute the direct tensile load for a single bolt using ASD method.
D.Ta H a / nb
Here, the direct tensile load for a single bolt using ASD method is
D.Ta , the horizontal
component of factored load using ASD method is H a and the number of bolts in the
connection is nb .
Determine the location of centroid of bolt areas measured from top bolts in ASD.
y (( y1 n1 ) ( y2 n2 )) / A
Here, the location of centroid of bolt areas measured from top bolts is y , the vertical
distance of 1st row of bolts from the extreme fiber is y1 ,the number of bolts in the
topmost row is n1 ,the vertical distance between the centroidal section from the extreme
fiber is y2 and the number of bolts in the second row from the top is n2 and the area of
the section of top bolts is A .
y
Substitute 3 in for 1 , 2 for n1 , 9 in for y2 , 2 for n2 and 6 in for A .
2
y ((3 2) (9 2)) / 6
= 4 in
e e
Substitute 53.67 kips for Va , 6 in for v , 26.83 kips for H a and 7 in for h
M a 53.67 6 (26.83 7)
= 509.83 in-kips
M a = 509.83 in-kips …… (6)
Equate (4) and (6).
30 rta 509.83
Here, the total tensile load for a single bolt using ASD method is
T .La , the direct tensile
ASD method is Pa .
Compute the shear strength of the connection and check the value against bearing load
per bolt using ASD method.
S .S a ( Fnv Ab ) /
Here, the nominal shear stress in the absence of tension is Fnv , the area of a single bolt
using ASD method is Ab , the shear strength of the connection using ASD method is
S .Sa
and the safety factor for ASD is .
Check for upper limit on nominal tensile stress in the presence of shear in ASD.
F
Fnta ' (1.3 Fnt ) ( nt ) f rva
Fnv
Fnt
Here, the nominal tensile stress in the presence of shear in ASD is Fnta ' , the nominal
tensile stress in the absence of shear using ASD method is Fnt , the nominal shear stress in
the absence of tension is Fnv , the required shear stress using ASD method is f rva and the
safety factor for ASD is .
Substitute 90 kips for Fnt , 2.00 for , 54 kips for Fnv and 12.73 ksi for f rva .
90 2.00
Fnta ' (1.3 90) (( ) 12.73)
54
= 74.56 ksi
74.56 < 90
Hence, O.K.
Check for allowable tensile strength and the adequacy of bolts using ASD method.
T .La 21.46 kips/bolt
Tall ( Fnta ' Ab ) /
Here, the safety factor for ASD is , the allowable tensile strength of the bolt using ASD
method is Tall , the nominal tensile stress in the presence of shear in ASD is Fnta ' and the
area of a single bolt using ASD method is Ab .
Substitute 2.00 for , 74.56 ksi for Fnta ' and 0.7854 in for Ab .
2
Therefore, the number of bolts provided using ASD method are adequate.