Stylistic Transforms Powered by Saya Ko Ko Aung PDF

1 SAYAR KO KO AUNG (NAY THA)
I. WHEN  BY THE TIME (Time Word Replacement)
  When S V ––––– , S V ––––– . When = Subordinating Conjunction

 By the time S V ––––– , S V ––––– . By the time = Adverb Phrase of Time
~~~~
~~~~~
  By the time When  When By the time
e.g (1) By the time I woke up , it was twelve noon.

By the time When
When I woke up , it was twelve noon. When By the time
e.g (2) When the firemen arrived , the fire had been put out.
By the time the firemen arrived , the fire had been put out.
  By the time  ()
 Noun/ Pronoun
e.g (3) It was evening by the time I found my bicycle .

When I found my bicycle , it was evening.
e.g (4) The girl ran away when she saw the hooligans . the girl she
By the time the girl saw the hooligans , she ran away.
N Pron
PRACTICE 1
(1) By the time Mee Mee started studying, her friends had done the revision.
When ................................................................................................................................
(2) Ko Aung Kyaw was already married when he gained his M.A degree.
By the time ........................................................................................................................
(3) Mya Lay washed the clothes by the time she finished cooking.
When ................................................................................................................................
(4) She came running to me as she saw me.
By the time ........................................................................................................................
(5) As soon as he saw the girl, he hurried towards the gate.
By the time ........................................................................................................................
(6) Ma Ma rushed into the classroom as soon as she heard the bell.
By the time ........................................................................................................................

ENGLISH GRAMMAR (Stylistic Transforms) 2
II. USING PARTICIPLE [ V-ING ]
 V i ng ............... , S V ............... .
 Not + Ving ............... , S V ............... .
 Being + V3 ............... , S V ............... .
 Having + V3 ............... , S V ............... .
Conjunctions
  Ving Verb
when, and, so, and so,
 Verb then, and then, because,
Conjun  Comma ( , ) - as, since, ...
e.g (1) She had very good children and does not need to worry about anything.
Having very good children , she does not need to worry about anything.
e.g (2) As she did not know the answer to the question , she kept quiet.
Not knowing the answer to the question , she kept quiet.
e.g (3) When she was offered a good salary , she accepted the job.
Being offered a good salary , she accepted the job.
e.g (4) When she had read the letter , she tore it into pieces.
Having read the letter , she tore it into pieces.
e.g (5) Nanda did his homework and then watched TV. Having
did done
Having done his homework , Nanda watched TV.
PRACTICE 2
(1) When Owen had scored two goals, he was chosen “Man of the Match”.
Having .............................................................................................................................
(2) When she had been chosen Miss University, she became famous.
Having .............................................................................................................................
(3) When the girls saw me sitting here alone, they teased me.
Seeing ..................................................................................................................................
(4) When the teacher saw her handwriting, she told her to be more careful about it.
Seeing ..............................................................................................................................
(5) When Snow White took a bite of the poisoned apple, she fell down dead.
Taking ..............................................................................................................................
(6) When she was awarded the first prize, she burst out crying.
Being ...............................................................................................................................
(7) The labourers went home when they had finished digging the well.
Having .............................................................................................................................
(8) My cousin joined the language class when she had completed the computer course.
Having .............................................................................................................................
(9) Street hawkers disappeared among the crowd when they caught sight of police.
Catching ...........................................................................................................................
(10) The medico found that nothing suited him when he looked at the fish and meat.
Looking ............................................................................................................................
(11) The brook chatters when it passes over the stony way.
Passing .............................................................................................................................
(12) Lampark scored a winning goal when he received the ball from Terry.
Receiving .........................................................................................................................
(13) Beckham felt very sad when he was expelled from the team.
Being ...............................................................................................................................
(14) I knew that he would be late so I was not worried.
Knowing ..........................................................................................................................
(15) I had finished the work so I went back home.
Having .............................................................................................................................
(16) I did not understand the question and so I stood up and asked the teacher.
Not understanding ............................................................................................................
(17) He works hard and so never gets excited to sit for the examination.
Working ............................................................................................................................
(18) Tonny finished his exercise and put away his books.
Finishing ...........................................................................................................................
(19) I looked at my mother and noticed how old she grew.
Looking ............................................................................................................................
(20) Lucy cried because she lost her purse.
Losing ..............................................................................................................................
(21) The old woman felt very sad because she saw her son and daughter.
Seeing ..............................................................................................................................
(22) People rushed out of the hall as they heard the alarm bell.
Hearing ............................................................................................................................
(23) Since I believed his word, I did not ask for proof.
Believing ..........................................................................................................................
(24) By the time the king understood the problem, he thanked the wise man.
Understanding ..................................................................................................................
(25) The hunter raised his gun and took aim and he shot the tiger.
Raising .............................................................................................................................

III. NO SOONER ..... THAN ..... (Immediate Events and Time)
‘As soon as’ ‘When Clause’
  No sooner H.V S M.V ––––––– than S V ––––––– .

 No sooner did S VInf ––––––– than S V2 ––––––– .
 No sooner had S V3 ––––––– than S V2 ––––––– .
Type (I) ..... just ..... when .....  No sooner ..... than .....
 S had just V3 –––––– when S V2 –––––– .

 No sooner had
 S V3 –––––– than S V2 –––––– .
  No sooner  had just

just when when than
e.g (1) We had just finished dinner when the lights went out.
No sooner had we finished dinner than the lights went out.
e.g (2) She had just taken the medicine when she felt better.
No sooner had she taken the medicine than she felt better.
Type (II) As soon as/ When S had V3 .....  No sooner ..... than .....
 As soon as S had V3 ––––– , S V2 ––––– .

 No sooner had S V 3 ––––– than S V2 ––––– .
  As soon as had V3  As soon as

had
 Comma (,) than  ()
e.g (3) As soon as I had taken the medicine , I felt better.

No sooner had I taken the medicine than I felt better.
e.g (4) Ni Ni got married as soon as she had graduated .

No sooner had Ni Ni graduated than she got married.
e.g (5) When the teacher had left the room , everyone began to talk at once.
No sooner had the teacher left the room than everyone began to talk at once.
Type (III) As soon as/ Just as S V2 .....  No sooner ..... than .....
 As soon as S V2 –––––– , S V2 –––––– .

 No sooner did S VInf –––––– than S V2 –––––– .
  As soon as V2   V2 VInf

No sooner did Comma than
e.g (6) As soon as he stopped smoking , his health got better.

No sooner did he stop smoking than his health got better.
e.g (7) Just as I sat down to study , the lights went out.
No sooner did I sit down to study than the lights went out.
PRACTICE 3
(1) She had just started to bathe when the phone rang.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(2) They had just picked the mangoes when a strong wind blew.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(3) She had just finished the matric exam when she took a computer course.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(4) The thief had just broken into the house when he was caught.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(5) The painting had just been put on exhibition when it was stolen.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(6) The factory had just produced these goods when it was shut down.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(7) When they scored the first goal, the match had just started.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(8) As soon as Kyaw Kyaw had written the letter, he put it into the envelope.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(9) As soon as her husband had left for work, she sent her children to school.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(10) As soon as the building had been completed, it was opened by the Mayor.
No sooner ............................................................................................................................
(11) As soon as the English journals had been put on sale, they were all sold out.
No sooner ......................................................................................................................
(12) The thief was arrested by the police as soon as he had got off the ship.
No sooner .......................................................................................................................
(13) As soon as the new coach was chosen, they began the training.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(14) As soon as the book was published, it was sold out.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(15) The scratching noise started as soon as the light was switched off.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(16) As soon as he set a new world record, it was broken by his rival.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(17) As soon as the teacher corrected his mistakes, he made the same mistakes again.
No sooner ..........................................................................................................................
(18) As soon as he arrived home, he was asked to wash the dishes.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(19) As soon as the police cried “Stop!”, the burglars ran away.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(20) As soon as Ma Moe smelt the smoke, she started to sneeze.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(21) He was taken to the hospital as soon as the ambulance came.
No sooner ............................................................................................................................
(22) He found that his wife was very lazy as soon as he married her.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(23) My uncle began to snore as soon as he fell asleep.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(24) Soon after the bell had rung, we all went home.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(25) Soon after the boxer won the championship, he had to be hospitalized.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(26) Shortly after I heard the news, I rushed to see him.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(27) Just as I sat down to study, the lights went out.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(28) When I had had my dinner, I went out.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(29) We all were silent when the teacher came in.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................
(30) May Thu came to see me when she heard the news.
No sooner ...........................................................................................................................

IV. AFTER (Sequence of Tense and Events)
  After + Ving ––––––––– , S V ––––––––– .

 After S had V3 ––––––––– , S(Pron) V ––––––––– . } Active Voice

}
S V ............... (and/ then) (S) V ............. .
[ Subject
 After Ving ............... , S V ............. . &
 After S had V3 ............... , S (Pron) V ............. . Active Voice ]
  After Ving  and then Comma ( , )

and then
 After Subj had V3 ‘first’
e.g (1) Jack selected some oranges and then he put them in a bag.
After selecting some oranges , Jack put them in a bag.
After Jack had selected some oranges , he put them in a bag.
e.g (2) Nyi Lay said his prayers and then went to bed.
After saying his prayers , Nyi Lay went to bed.
After Nyi Lay had said his prayers , he went to bed.
Passive Voice Subject 

  After being V3 ––– (by Agent) , S V ––––– .
 After S had been V3 ––– (by Agent) , S(Pron) V ––––– . } Passive Voice
e.g (3) The clothes were washed first; then they were hung on the lines.
After being washed , the clothes were hung on the lines.
After the clothes had been washed , they were hung on the lines.
e.g (4) The grapes were washed and then put into the refrigerator.
After being washed , the grapes were put into the refrigerator.
After the grapes had been washed , they were put into the refrigerator.
[ and then Subject were Subject ]
e.g (5) Father punished Nyi Lay . He never made silly mistakes.
After being punished by father , Nyi Lay never made silly mistakes.
After Nyi Lay had been punished by father , he never made silly mistakes.
  After  Ing  by Subject (Agent)

Subject Comma (,)
 Subject  being + V3
Object
PRACTICE 4
(1) My cousin sold all his belongings. He donated the money to the hospitals.
After ................................................................................................................................
After my cousin ................................................................................................................
(2) I was asked to leave school. Then I was introduced to business by my father.
After ................................................................................................................................
After I ..............................................................................................................................
(3) The workers were sent for urgently. Then they were made to start building the bridge.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the workers ..............................................................................................................
(4) The children swam in the lake, then played games under the trees.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the children ..............................................................................................................
(5) The space shuttle was launched, then started orbitting the earth.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the space shuttle .......................................................................................................
(6) The dishes were washed first; then they were dried.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the dishes ................................................................................................................
(7) The meat was minced first and then it was cooked.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the meat ...................................................................................................................
(8) The child was bathed first and then he was fed.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the child ...................................................................................................................
(9) The flowers were picked and then arranged in a vase.
After ................................................................................................................................
After the flowers ...............................................................................................................
(10) Nyo Maung went home when he had felled the tree.
After ................................................................................................................................
After Nyo Maung .............................................................................................................

V. WITHOUT (Preposition)
  Subj Without Ving ––––––––– , S V ––––––––– .

 Subj Without being V3 ––––––––– , S V ––––––––– .
  Without Ving  Subject Object

Negative being V3
Subject  by Subject (Agent)
Conjun
 am, is, are, was, were + not ...  being + ... Negative
 has, have, had + studied  having studied no, not,
never,
 do not study  studying
dis-,
 does not study  studying un-,
 did not study  studying im-, ...
e.g (1) Nilar cooked the vegetable but she did not wash it . [ Subject
&
Nilar cooked the vegetable without washing it . Active Voice ]
Without washing the vegetable , Nilar cooked it .
e.g (2) They listened to the lecture but wrote nothing down . [nothing anything
They listened to the lecture without writing anything down . ]
Without writing anything down , they listened to the lecture.
e.g (3) Helen came to the party although she was not invited . [Subject & Passive Voice]
Helen came to the party without being invited .
Without being invited , Helen came to the party.
e.g (4) The boy went out of the class . Nobody saw him . [Subject & Passive Voice]
The boy went out of the class without being seen .
Without being seen , the boy went out of the class.
e.g (5) The boy went out . The teacher didn't see him . [ Subject
&
The boy went out without being seen by the teacher . Passive Voice ]
Without being seen by the teacher , the boy went out.
PRACTICE 5
(1) The boy ran all the way home. He did not look back.
Without ............................................................................................................................
The boy ran all the way home without ...............................................................................
(2) Most students sit for the test. They do not study their lessons thoroughly.
Without ............................................................................................................................
Most students sit for the test without .................................................................................
(3) He worked for them for many years but they did not reward him.
Without ............................................................................................................................
He worked for them for many years without ......................................................................
(4) Su Su wore her school uniform; she did not iron it.
Without ............................................................................................................................
Su Su wore her school uniform without .............................................................................
(5) When he went out, he didn’t take his umbrella.
Without ............................................................................................................................
He went out without .........................................................................................................
(6) Not quite comprehending what the great teacher meant, the four youths set off.
Without ............................................................................................................................
The four youths set off without ..........................................................................................
(7) You will get a cold if you don’t wear a sweater.
Without ............................................................................................................................
You will get a cold without ................................................................................................
(8) You will gain weight if you don’t take exercise.
Without ............................................................................................................................
You will gain weight without ..............................................................................................
(9) You won’t pass the examination if you don’t work hard.
Without ............................................................................................................................
You won’t pass the examination without ............................................................................
(10) He could not send his son to college if he did not earn much.
Without ............................................................................................................................
He could not send his son to college without ......................................................................
(11) You will not achieve success unless you are hardworking.
Without ............................................................................................................................
You will not achieve success without .................................................................................
(12) As I was not given enough time, I could not finish it.
Without ............................................................................................................................
I could not finish it without ................................................................................................
(13) Although nobody welcomed him, he entered the hall.

Without ............................................................................................................................
He entered the hall ...........................................................................................................
(14) He cut the hedge although nobody asked him.
Without ............................................................................................................................
He cut the hedge without ..................................................................................................
(15) I will do it myself though no one helps me.
Without ............................................................................................................................
I will do it myself without ..................................................................................................
(16) Some birds know how to weave a nest out of grass. Nobody teaches them.
Without ............................................................................................................................
Some birds know how to weave a nest out of grass without ................................................
(17) This dog could do some tricks. Nobody trained him.
Without ............................................................................................................................
This dog could do some tricks without ...............................................................................
(18) The clever boy cleaned the blackboard. Nobody asked him to do so.
Without ............................................................................................................................
The clever boy cleaned the blackboard without ..................................................................
(19) She gave me the book although I never asked for it.
Without ............................................................................................................................
She gave me the book without ..........................................................................................
(20) One cannot start this machine. One must be taught.
Without ...........................................................................................................................
One cannot start this machine without ...........................................................................

VI. BUT/ YET  ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH (Conjunction)
  S1 V –––––– but / yet (S2) V –––––– .

  Although S1 V –––––– , S2 V –––––– .
  S2 V –––––– although S1 V –––––– .
  But Although  but .

 Although , . N Pron
But Comma(,)
 although .
e.g (1) U Chan Tha is extremely rich , yet he is not contented.

Although U Chan Tha is extremely rich , he is not contented.
U Chan Tha is not contented although he is extremely rich.
e.g (2) The car was expensive but my father bought it . N Pron
Although the car was expensive , my father bought it .
My father bought the car although it was expensive.
e.g (3) Although he worked hard , he failed.

He worked hard but he failed.
e.g (4) Thar Nge is honest although he is poor.

N Pron
Thar Nge is poor but he is honest.
PRACTICE 6
(1) He was honest but nobody trusted him.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Nobody trusted him ..........................................................................................................
(2) The manager is very busy, yet he comes to the meeting.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
The manager is very busy ..................................................................................................
(3) Though he got up early, he was late for school.
He got up .........................................................................................................................
(4) Although he ran fast, he did not win the race.
He did not win ..................................................................................................................
He ran fast .......................................................................................................................
(5) I don’t like the curry although it tastes good.
The curry tastes ................................................................................................................
(6) Kyi Nuu Khin is not proud although she is beautiful.
Kyi Nuu Khin is beautiful ..................................................................................................

VII. HOWEVER  ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH
  However ADJ S Be ––––––--– , S V –––––––– .

ADV V
  Although S Be/V ADJ/ ADV , S V –––––––– .
  However Although
 Adjective  Be
Adverb  Verb
e.g (1) However lazy he was , he passed the examination.

Although he was lazy , he passed the examination.
e.g (2) However hard she tried , she never stood first in the class.
Although she tried hard , she never stood first in the class.
PRACTICE 7
(1) However hard he tried, he did not pass the examination.

Although ..........................................................................................................................
(2) However easy the questions were, nobody got them correct.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(3) However carefully he listened, he could not hear anything.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(4) However rich she is, she is very stingy.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(5) However loudly I shouted, she did not hear me.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(6) Although he was lazy, he passed the examination.
However ..........................................................................................................................
(7) Though the boy was ill, he went to school.
However ..........................................................................................................................
(8) We could not see clearly although the moon shone brightly.
However ..........................................................................................................................
(9) Mg Mg is very strong though he is thin.
However ..........................................................................................................................
(10) She worked very hard but she did not succeed.
However ..........................................................................................................................

VIII. ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / BUT / YET  IN SPITE OF

(Condition and Unexpected Result)
‘Although’ ‘In spite of’
(i) Although / though / but / yet  In spite of

 Subj In spite of Ving––––- , S1 V ––––- .
 Subj In spite of S1 Ving––––- , S2 V ––––- .
 In spite of the + , S V ––––- .
S
  Although S1 V ––––– , S2 V ––––– .
  In spite of Ving ––––– , S1 V ––––– .
e.g (1) Although Kyi Pyar finds Physics interesting , she is good at it.
In spite of finding Physics interesting , Kyi Pyar is good at it.
e.g (2) She went on working although she felt unwell .

She went on working in spite of feeling unwell .
In spite of feeling unwell , she went on working.
S
  S1 V –––––––– but/ yet S2 V ––––––––– .
 In spite of Ving –––––––– , S1 V ––––––––– .
e.g (3) Jack ran to the station , but he missed the train.
In spite of running to the station , Jack missed the train.
e.g (4) U Chan Tha is extremely rich , yet he is not contented.

In spite of being extremely rich , U Chan Tha is not contented.
S
  Although S1 V ––––– , S2 V ––––– .
  In spite of S1 Ving ––––– , S2 V ––––– .
e.g (5) Although roses have thorns , people still like them.
In spite of roses having thorns , people still like them.
  In spite of  Subject
Subject Ving
 the + Noun
  Although it is/was hot/ cold/ raining , S V ––––––– .

  In spite of it being hot/ cold/ raining , S V ––––––– .
  In spite of the heat/ the cold/ the rain , S V ––––––– .
e.g (6) Although it is very hot , he went out without a hat.

In spite of it being very hot , he went out without a hat.
In spite of the heat , he went out without a hat.
In spite of the hot weather , he went out without a hat.
  Although S1 Be ADJ , S2 V –––––––– .

  In spite of being ADJ , S1 V –––––––– .
  In spite of their/ his/her + N , S1 V –––––––– .
  In spite of their/ his/ her  Be Adj  Noun
e.g (7) Although it is very hot , he went out without a hat.

In spite of it being very hot , he went out without a hat.
In spite of the heat , he went out without a hat.
In spite of the hot weather , he went out without a hat.
PRACTICE 8A (Although/ Though/ But/ Yet .....  In spite of .....)

(1) Although the girl speaks English fluently, she cannot write well.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(2) Although he had all the necessary qualifications, he didn’t get the job.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(3) Although she has a very important job, she isn’t well-paid.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(4) Although he is wealthy, he does not have peace of mind.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of his ..................................................................................................................
(5) Although I was ill, I had to go to work.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of his ....................................................................................................................
(6) Mother prepared dinner for us though she was very ill.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of her ...................................................................................................................
(7) The lady tried to be hospitable to us though she was very sad.
In spite of ........................................................................................................................
In spite of her ...................................................................................................................
(8) The students won’t be able to answer this question although they are clever.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of their .................................................................................................................
(9) Although her health was poor, she did not see the doctor regularly.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of her ...................................................................................................................
(10) Although he is naughty, his parents love him.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of his ....................................................................................................................
(11) Although Mg Mg told the truth, they did not believe him.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(12) Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(13) Although the baby was crying, the mother went on working.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(14) Although Mg Mg always did his best, his father was not pleased.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
(15) Although it was very hot, the trainees marched on.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the ...................................................................................................................
(16) Although it is raining, we will start the match soon.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the ...................................................................................................................
(17) Although it was raining heavily, the footballers went on playing.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the heavy ..........................................................................................................
(18) Although it was stormy, the ship left the harbour.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the ....................................................................................................................
(19) Although it was very misty, we went out.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the ...................................................................................................................
(20) They keep working outside although the weather is bad.
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
In spite of the bad .............................................................................................................
(ii) In spite of  Although

  In spite of Ving ––––– , S (N) V ––––– . (Subj )
  Although S (N) V ––––– , S(Pron) V ––––– .
 In spite of Ving  Subject

Verb
e.g (8) In spite of studying very hard , Sandar failed last year.
Although Sandar studied very hard , she failed last year.
Past Simple (V2)
  In spite of S1 Ving ––––– , S2 V ––––– . (Subj )

  Although S1 V ––––– , S2 V ––––– .
 In spite of Ving  Subject - Although

Verb
e.g (9) In spite of diamonds being very expensive , people love them.
Although diamonds are very expensive , people love them.
Present Simple (V1)
  In spite of their/ his/her + N , S V –––––––.

  Although they/ he/ she + BE + ADJ , S V –––––––.
e.g (10) In spite of his shyness , he proposed to her boldly.

Although he was shy , he proposed to her boldly.
  In spite of Poss+N  Noun Adjective

his  he / her  she Be
PRACTICE 8B (In spite of .....  Although .....)
(1) In spite of running quickly, Kaung Myat did not get the prize.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(2) In spite of having read the book many times, he did not remember the story.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(3) In spite of having tried hard, he did not succeed.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(4) In spite of getting up early, he was late for school.

Although ..........................................................................................................................
(5) In spite of the dry zone getting little rain, we can grow rice there.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(6) In spite of the moon shining brightly, we could not see clearly.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(7) In spite of his going to school regularly, he doesn’t learn anything.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(8) In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(9) In spite of her beauty, nobody loved her.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
(10) In spite of the rain, he did not take his umbrella.
Although ..........................................................................................................................

 Adjective Noun
ADJECTIVE NOUN ADJECTIVE NOUN ADJECTIVE NOUN

clever cleverness angry anger difficult difficulty
dark darkness hungry hunger popular popularity
ill illness easy ease generous generosity
kind kindness young youth hot heat
old oldness strong strength rainy rain
rich richness wealthy wealth cold cold
sick sickness healthy health stormy storm
shy shyness absent absence windy wind
weak weakness present presence misty mist
happy happiness different difference foggy fog
heavy heaviness poor poverty snowy snow
lazy laziness beautiful beauty cloudy cloud
naughty naughtiness breezy breeze

IX. WRITING CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF/ UNLESS)
‘If’ ‘Unless’
(A) Using ‘IF’ Patterns
 Type If Clause Main Clause Condition

I. If … V1(s,es) … , … will+V Inf … Future Possible (jzpfEdkif)
II. If … V 2 … , … would+V Inf … Present Unreal (rjzpfEdkif)
III. If … had+V3 … , … would+have+V3 … Past Unreal (rjzpfcJh)
     had V3
  Conjun  Conjun -
e.g (1) I don't have enough wool so I won't knit another sweater. (Present)
If I have enough wool , I will knit another sweater. (Type I)
If I had enough wool , I would knit another sweater. (Type II)
e.g (2) As I don't have enough money , I can't buy a new car. (Present)
If I have enough money , I will buy a new car. (Type I)
If I had enough money , I would buy a new car. (Type II)
e.g(3) We don't grow roses because we don't have a big garden. (Present)
If we have a big garden , we will grow roses. (Type I)
If we had a big garden , we would grow roses. (Type II)
e.g(4) There are wars because people do not love one another. (Present)
If people love one another , there will be no wars. (Type I)
If people loved one another , there would be no wars. (Type II)
e.g (5) I didn't pass the exam so my parents scolded me. (Past)
If I had passed the exam , my parents wouldn't have scolded me. (Type III)
e.g (6) As she was not successful , she was not happy. (Past)
If she had been successful , she would have been happy. (Type III)
e.g (7) She didn't come because she was not invited. (Past)
If she had been invited , she would have come. (Type III)
PRACTICE 9A
(1) He loves his mother so he will not leave this country.
If he doesn’t .....................................................................................................................
If he didn’t .......................................................................................................................
(2) As I don’t know myself, I can’t show you how to do it.
If I know ..........................................................................................................................
If I knew ..........................................................................................................................
(3) We have no wings so we cannot fly away.
If we had .........................................................................................................................
(4) We cannot die because there is air.
If there were ....................................................................................................................
(5) Nga Pyin was not successful so he was unhappy.
If Nga Pyin had ...............................................................................................................
(6) Richard asked because he didn’t understand.
If Richard had ..................................................................................................................
(7) My teacher didn’t stop teaching because she didn’t hear the bell.
If my teacher had .............................................................................................................

(B) If  Unless (REPLACEMENT)
  If .................... , ................... .   If .................... , ...... not ...... .

 Unless ........... , ...... not ...... .  Unless ............ , ................... .
  If ....... not ...... , ................... .   If ....... not ...... , ...... not ...... .
 Unless ........... , ................... .  Unless ........... , ...... not ...... .
  If not  If not 
not not
e.g (1) If I like the necklace , I will buy it.  If =  Unless =
Unless I like the necklace , I will not buy it. Unless = If + not
e.g (2) If you behave well , you will not be punished.

Unless you behave well , you will be punished.
e.g (3) If you do not work hard , you will fail.

Unless you work hard , she will fail.
e.g (4) If she does not eat nutritious food , she will not be strong.
Unless she eats nutritious food , she will not be strong.
(C) Unless  If (REPLACEMENT)
  Unless ............, ................... .   Unless ........... , ...... not ...... .

 If .................... , ...... not ...... .  If .................... , ................... .
  Unless If  Unless
do not/ does not
e.g (1) Unless you go , she will be angry. do not go go

If you go , she will not be angry. does not go goes
did not go went
If you do not go , she will be angry. cannot go can go
won’t go will go
e.g (2) Unless she helps me , I won't finish it. shan’t go shall go
is not going is going
If she helps me , I will finish it.
If she does not help me , I won't finish it.
PRACTICE 9B+C (If  Unless)

(1) Unless you sing a lullaby, the baby will not sleep.
If .............................................................................
(2) Unless you pay him regularly, he does not work for you at all.
If .................................................................................................
(3) Unless he stands first in his class, his father won’t be pleased.
If .................................................................................................
(4) Unless he studies harder, he will fail again.
If .....................................................................................................................
(5) Unless I have time, I won’t go to the movie.
If .....................................................................................................................
(6) Unless she gets what she wants, she will cry out.
If .....................................................................................................................
(7) Unless you have saved a lot of money, you shouldn’t think of worrying.
If .....................................................................................................................
(8) Unless she helps me, I won’t finish it.
If .....................................................................................................................
(9) The teacher can’t see unless she wears glasses.
If ........................................................................
(10) I won’t ride a motorcycle unless I have a helmet on.
If ..........................................................................
(11) If your father is sleeping, I will tell the children to keep quiet.
Unless .........................................................................................
(12) If he is admitted to the Institute of Medicine, his parents will be pleased.

Unless ..........................................................................................................
(13) If it rains heavily, we will postpone the match.
Unless ...............................................................
(14) If he closes the windows, he will not get fresh air.
Unless .....................................................................
(15) If he gets a work permit, he will stay for another six months.
Unless .......................................................................................
(16) If he paid his workers better, he would become a popular employer.
Unless ..................................................................................................
(17) If the weather is not fine, the flight will be cancelled.
Unless ..........................................................................
(18) If cigarette advertisements are not banned, people will go on smoking.
Unless ......................................................................................................
(19) If little children are not “cry-babies”, they will see the old man and the rabbit in the moon.
Unless ........................................................................................................
(20) If you don’t look up the word in the dictionary, you won’t get the exact meaning.
Unless ......................................................................................................
(21) If you don’t pay attention, you will not be able to follow the lecture.
Unless ...................................................................................................
(22) If you do not know how to use computer, you will not get a job easily.
Unless ......................................................................................................
(23) If he does not understand the question, tell him to read it again.
Unless ...........................................................................................
(24) If Nyein Nyein does not become an actress, she will go mad.
Unless .......................................................................................
(25) I will introduce you two if you do not know each other.
Unless ..............................................................................
(26) Farmers can’t grow paddy if there is not enough rain.
Unless ..........................................................................
(27) I won’t wake if the alarm clock does not go off.
Unless .................................................................
(28) You can’t go into the exam hall if you haven’t got your identity card with you.
Unless ............................................................................................................
(29) She will not get a seat if she doesn’t come early.
Unless ..............................................................................................................
(30) You will not be punished if you finish your homework.
Unless ..............................................................................................................

(D) If (Compulsion)  Unless (Conditional) (SPECIAL CASE-1)
want to want to will not
 If S want to Vinf _____ , S must VInf _____ .

 Unless S V 1 _____ , S will not Vinf _____ .
  If Unless  want to
want to, must want to will not
 want to must  not want to will
must
e.g (1) If you want to get well , you must tak e this medicine .
Unless you tak e this medicine , you will not get well.
e.g (2) You must search his pockets if you want to find the watch.
Unless you search his pockets , you will not find the watch.
e.g (3) If you don't want to be punished , you must be quiet .

Unless you are quiet , you will be punished.
e.g (4) Unless you want to be ill , don't play in the rain .
If you play in the rain , you will be ill.
PRACTICE 9D
(1) If you want to succeed in your life, you must try hard.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(2) If you want to be early for school, you must get up earlier.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(3) If you want to get more knowledge, we have to read more books.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(4) If she wants to become a model, she must lose her weight.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(5) If your sister wants to get a better job, she must be polite.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(6) You must think hard if you want to get the answer.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(7) You must do physical exercise if you want to be fit.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(9) You must practise every day if you want to win the match.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(10) If you don’t want to catch cold, you must be warmly dressed.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(11) If she doesn’t want to be a failure in life, she must work hard.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
(12) Unless you want to lose your good name, don’t cheat in the examination.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(13) Unless you want to get into trouble, don’t be careless.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(14) Unless you wish to die, don’t drink and smoke too much.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(15) Unless you wish to see this film, don’t buy the ticket.
If ......................................................................................................................................

(E) Unless  If (SPECIAL CASE-2)

 Unless N stops _____ , S will Vinf _____ . Determiner
N Ving
 If S (Pron) does not stop Ving _____ , S will VInf _____ .
e.g (1) Unless the snow stops , all the flowers will die.
If it does not stop snowing , all the flowers will die.
e.g (2) Unless his work stops , his health will break down.
If he does not stop working , his health will break down.
PRACTICE 9E
(1) Unless the rain stops, you are not to leave the house.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(2) Unless the smoke stops, it will be difficult to breathe.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(3) Unless the flow stops, the water will overflow.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(4) Unless the blood stops, he will die.
If .....................................................................................................................................
(5) Unless her work stops, her health will become worse.
If .....................................................................................................................................

(F) From Imperatives to Conditionals
  VInf ____ or/ otherwise S V ____ .

  Unless + you + V1 ____ , S V ____ .
  V1 or  If
Unless you or not
e.g (1) Do as you are told or you will get no dinner.

Unless you do as you are told , you will get no dinner.
If you do as you are told , you will get dinner.
  VInf ____ and S V ____ .

  If + you + V1 ____ , S V ____ .
  V1 and  Unless
If you and not
e.g (2) Work hard and you will pass the examination.
If you work hard , you will pass the examination.
Unless you work hard , you will not pass the examination.
PRACTICE 9F
(1) Practise regularly or you will lose the match.

Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(2) Give up smoking or your lungs will be damaged.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(3) Go and see a doctor or you will suffer a lot.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(4) Be careful when you make a decision or you will get into trouble.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(5) You must behave yourself in the class or our teacher will be angry.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(6) He must take this medicine, or he will not get well.

Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(7) You mustn’t eat too much, or you will get indigestion.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If ......................................................................................................................................
(8) You must be back before seven, otherwise you will be locked out.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
If .....................................................................................................................................
(9) Unless you do as you are told, you will be dismissed.
Do as ...............................................................................................................................
(10) Rest for a while and you will get relaxed.
If ......................................................................................................................................
Unless ..............................................................................................................................

(G) Inversion V + Subj Subj + V [ Beginning with “IF” ]
e.g (1) Had I received your telegram , I would have met you at the station.
If I had received your telegram , I would have met you at the station.
e.g (2) Were I a bird , I would fly to you.

If I were a bird , I would fly to you.
e.g (3) Should the weather be bad , I will not go out.

If the weather should be bad , I will not go out.
If the weather is bad , I will not go out.
e.g (4) If he tries hard , he will pass the examination.

Should he try hard , he will pass the examination.
e.g (5) If he is beaten , he will run away.

Should he be beaten , he will run away.
PRACTICE 9G
(1) Had you come to the party last night, you would have enjoyed yourself.
If ......................................................................................................................
(2) Hadn’t she told me, I would not have believed the story.
If .....................................................................................................................................
(3) Were I a rich man, I would help you.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(4) Were I the mayor of this city, I would change certain things.
If .....................................................................................................................................
(5) Should he know the answer to this question, he will not hesitate to give it.
If .....................................................................................................................................
(6) Should they run out of their dry ration, they could buy food on the way.
If .....................................................................................................................................
(7) In case the teacher is absent, the students will have to go to PE class.
Should .............................................................................................................................
(8) If he is hungry, give him something to eat.
Should .............................................................................................................................
(9) If there had been no terrorism, there would have been no wars.
Had .................................................................................................................................
(10) I would show more confidence if I were you.
Were ...............................................................................................................................

(H) Replacement (If = Supposing (that) = Provided (that) = In case = On condition that)
{ }+ Sentence
Supposing (that)  SUP, PRO, IN CASE, ON CONDI
Provided (that) If
  IF = In case 
On condition that
e.g (1) If you allow me , I shall speak to him.

Supposing that you allow me , I shall speak to him.
Provided that you allow me , I shall speak to him.
In case you allow me , I shall speak to him.
On condition that you allow me , I shall speak to him.
PRACTICE 9H
(1) Supposing there is no air, there is no weather.

In case .............................................................................................................................
(2) Provided you want to improve your standard of living, see the advertisements.
On condition that ..............................................................................................................
(3) Provided the robot needs help, he can call the supervisor at home.
In case .............................................................................................................................
(4) On condition that there is support from ourside, it cannot be a biosphere.
Provided that ...................................................................................................................
(5) In case you lost three hours’ sleep, you could not sleep three more hours the next day.
(6) Provided that you promise to return the book, I will lend it to you.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(7) We will have a very pleasant picnic in case there is no rain.
Supposing ........................................................................................................................
(8) No disease will easily enter our body if we are hygienic.
(9) They would understand your talk provided that they paid more attention.
If ......................................................................................................................................
(10) If you think you know everything you won’t be able to learn any more.
Supposing ........................................................................................................................


Stylistic Transforms Powered by Saya Ko Ko Aung PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Stylistic Transforms Powered by Saya Ko Ko Aung PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 SAYAR KO KO AUNG (NAY THA)

I. WHEN  BY THE TIME (Time Word Replacement)

  When S V ––––– , S V ––––– . When = Subordinating Conjunction

e.g (1) By the time I woke up , it was twelve noon.

  By the time  ()

e.g (3) It was evening by the time I found my bicycle .

II. USING PARTICIPLE [ V-ING ]

III. NO SOONER ..... THAN ..... (Immediate Events and Time)

‘As soon as’ ‘When Clause’

  No sooner H.V S M.V ––––––– than S V ––––––– .

 S had just V3 –––––– when S V2 –––––– .

  No sooner  had just

 As soon as S had V3 ––––– , S V2 ––––– .

  As soon as had V3  As soon as

e.g (3) As soon as I had taken the medicine , I felt better.

e.g (4) Ni Ni got married as soon as she had graduated .

 As soon as S V2 –––––– , S V2 –––––– .

  As soon as V2   V2 VInf

e.g (6) As soon as he stopped smoking , his health got better.

IV. AFTER (Sequence of Tense and Events)

  After + Ving ––––––––– , S V ––––––––– .

  After Ving  and then Comma ( , )

Passive Voice Subject 

  After  Ing  by Subject (Agent)

  Subj Without Ving ––––––––– , S V ––––––––– .

  Without Ving  Subject Object

(13) Although nobody welcomed him, he entered the hall.

VI. BUT/ YET  ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH (Conjunction)

  S1 V –––––– but / yet (S2) V –––––– .

  But Although  but .

e.g (1) U Chan Tha is extremely rich , yet he is not contented.

e.g (3) Although he worked hard , he failed.

e.g (4) Thar Nge is honest although he is poor.

VII. HOWEVER  ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH

  However ADJ S Be ––––––--– , S V –––––––– .

e.g (1) However lazy he was , he passed the examination.

(1) However hard he tried, he did not pass the examination.

VIII. ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / BUT / YET  IN SPITE OF

‘Although’ ‘In spite of’

(i) Although / though / but / yet  In spite of

e.g (2) She went on working although she felt unwell .

e.g (4) U Chan Tha is extremely rich , yet he is not contented.

  Although it is/was hot/ cold/ raining , S V ––––––– .

e.g (6) Although it is very hot , he went out without a hat.

  Although S1 Be ADJ , S2 V –––––––– .

  In spite of their/ his/ her  Be Adj  Noun

e.g (7) Although it is very hot , he went out without a hat.

PRACTICE 8A (Although/ Though/ But/ Yet .....  In spite of .....)

(ii) In spite of  Although

 In spite of Ving  Subject

  In spite of S1 Ving ––––– , S2 V ––––– . (Subj )

 In spite of Ving  Subject - Although

  In spite of their/ his/her + N , S V –––––––.

e.g (10) In spite of his shyness , he proposed to her boldly.

  In spite of Poss+N  Noun Adjective

PRACTICE 8B (In spite of .....  Although .....)

(4) In spite of getting up early, he was late for school.

ADJECTIVE NOUN ADJECTIVE NOUN ADJECTIVE NOUN

IX. WRITING CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF/ UNLESS)

(A) Using ‘IF’ Patterns

 Type If Clause Main Clause Condition

(B) If  Unless (REPLACEMENT)

 If S want to Vinf _ , S must VInf _ .

  VInf or/ otherwise S V .

  VInf and S V .