JOHANNAH ALEXIS M.

GUILO 03/17/2020

BSN-3RD YEAR

10 PERSONALITY DISORDER

1. Paranoid Personality Disorder

- Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is one of a group of conditions called
Cluster A or eccentric personality disorders. People with these disorders often
appear odd or peculiar. The essential characteristic of people with PPD is
paranoia, a relentless mistrust and suspicion of others without adequate
reason to be suspicious. This disorder often begins in childhood or early
adolescence and appears to be more common in men than in women.
Studies estimate that PPD affects between 2.3% and 4.4% of the general
population.

CAUSE:

- The exact cause of PPD is not known, but it likely involves a combination of
biological and psychological factors. The fact that PPD is more common in
people who have close relatives with schizophrenia and delusional disorder
suggests a genetic link between the two disorders (may run in the family). It is
also believed that early childhood experiences, including physical or
emotional trauma, play a role in the development of PPD

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:

People with PPD are always on guard, believing that others are constantly
trying to demean, harm, or threaten them. These generally unfounded beliefs, as
well as their habits of blame and distrust, interfere with their ability to form close
or even workable relationships. People with this disorder:

 Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others, believing

others are exploiting or deceiving them.
 Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information because
they are afraid the information will be used against them.
 Are unforgiving and hold grudges.
 Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly.
 Read hidden meanings in the innocent remarks or casual looks of others.
 Perceive attacks on their character that are not apparent to others; they
generally react with anger and are quick to retaliate.
 Have persistent suspicions, without reason, that their spouses or lovers
are being unfaithful.
  Are generally cold and distant in their relationships with others, and might
become controlling and jealous to avoid being betrayed.
 Cannot see their role in problems or conflicts, believing they are always
right.
 Have difficulty relaxing.
 Are hostile, stubborn, and argumentative.
 Tend to develop negative stereotypes of others, especially those from
different cultural groups.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST:

If a person has symptoms, the doctor will begin an evaluation by

performing a complete medical history and physical examination. Although
there are no laboratory tests to specifically diagnose personality disorders,
the doctor might use various diagnostic tests to rule out physical illness as the
cause of the symptoms. For example, difficulty hearing or long-lasting
substance abuse may be confused with PPD.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/THERAPIST:

 When a patient seeks treatment for PPD, psychotherapy is the treatment of

choice. Treatment likely will focus on increasing general coping skills, especially
trust and empathy, as well as on improving social interaction, communication,
and self-esteem.
 Medication generally is not used to treat PPD. However, medications—such as
anti-anxiety, antidepressant, or anti-psychotic drugs—might be prescribed if the
person’s symptoms are extreme, or if he or she also suffers from an associated
psychological problem, such as anxiety or depression.

2. Schizoid personality disorder

- Schizoid personality disorder is one of a group of conditions called "Cluster 'A'
" or eccentric personality disorders. People with these disorders often appear
odd or peculiar. People with schizoid personality disorder also tend to be
distant, detached, and indifferent to social relationships. They generally are
loners who prefer solitary activities and rarely express strong emotion.
Although their names sound alike and they might have some similar
symptoms, schizoid personality disorder is not the same thing as
schizophrenia. Many people with schizoid personality disorder are able to
function fairly well, although they tend to choose jobs that allow them to work
alone, such as night security officers, library, or lab workers.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:

People with schizoid personality disorder often are reclusive, organizing

their lives to avoid contact with other people. Many never marry or may continue
to live with their parents as adults. Other common traits of people with this
disorder include the following:

 They do not desire or enjoy close relationships, even with family

members.
 They choose solitary jobs and activities.
 They take pleasure in few activities, including sex.
 They have no close friends, except first-degree relatives.
 They have difficulty relating to others.
 They are indifferent to praise or criticism.
 They are aloof and show little emotion.
 They might daydream and/or create vivid fantasies of complex inner lives.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST:

Diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder is typically based on:

 Thorough discussion of your symptoms

 Symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

(DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association

 Your medical and personal history

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT/ THERAPIST: