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Design of Walls and Floors For Good Sound Insulation
Design of Walls and Floors For Good Sound Insulation
Design of Walls and Floors For Good Sound Insulation
5
Calculation of Rw
(single number rating)
Engineering prediction methods
7
Relation between surface mass
and R
8
Mass Law (single panel)
R 20 log( mf ) 47
9
Mass Law (effect of mass)
R increases
by 6 dB per
doubling of
surface mass
10
Mass Law (effect of frequency)
60
R increases
Sound Transmission Loss [dB]
50
by 6 dB per
40
octave
(doubling of
30 frequency)
20
10
0
50 100 200 400 800 1600 3150
frequency [Hz]
11
Bending Waves
12
Wave length in Plate and in Air
Critical frequency
Wavelength (metres)
10
1
Air
Plate
0.1
0.01
10 100 1000 10000
frequency (Hz)
13
Mass Law(including bending waves)
Resonant transmission
R 20 log( mf ) 10 log( 2f / f c ) 47
- is the damping coefficient
f - is the critical frequency
c
14
Effect of Bending Waves
(12 mm Glass)
60
Resonant Transmission
Sound Transmission Loss [dB]
50
40
Forced Transmission
30
20
10
Critical frequency
0
50 100 200 400 800 1600 3150
frequency [Hz]
15
Effect of thickness
(Glass)
As glass thickness
60 increases, low
Rw 37 frequency R
Sound Transmission Loss [dB]
50 increases
But critical frequency
Rw 32
40 decreases
12 mm
30
6 mm Rw 30
20
3 mm
10
16
Effect of damping
Laminated glass reduces the critical frequency dip
60
50
Sound Transmission Loss [dB]
30
Rw 32
20
10
0
50 100 200 400 800 1600 3150
frequency [Hz]
17
Orthotropic Panels
Thin metal panels are often rolled into trapezoidal profiles to increase the stiffness and
hence spanning capacity
This is detrimental to their sound insulation because it lowers the critical frequency
18
Orthotropic Panels
fc = 20,000 Hz
fc = 250 Hz
19
Foam Core Panels
Thin metal skins with foam plastic core
20
Sound Insulation Properties
Dilatational
resonance frequency
21
Double Panel Wall
Two panels separated by an air gap
22
Double Panel prediction methods
Ideal Double Panels (London, Sharp)
R 20 log( f (m1 m2 )) 47 f f0
R R1 R2 20 log( fd ) 29 f0 f fl
R R1 R2 6 f fl
fo is the mass-air-mass resonance
fl is the knee frequency and is equal to (55/d) Hz
Double wall behaviour
R R1 R2 6
R R1 R2 6
R R 1 R 2 20 Log ( fd ) 29
R 20 Log ( f (m1 m2 )) 47
Mass-air-mass resonance
1 c 1
2
1
f0
2 d m1 m2
Effect of Cavity Absorption
STC 65
STC 55
Flow resistivity
Flow resistivity is a good predictor of acoustic absorption
performance, the higher resistivity the better.
Different types of absorber with same flow resistivity will
have same acoustic performance
100000
flow resistivity Rayl/m (Pa.s/m)
10000
1000
1 10 100 1000
density (kg/m3)
Effect of Flow resistivity
(fibreglass)
cavity infill 90mm 12kg/m3 (=4000 Rayl/m) STC 56
32
Triple Panel Constructions
Three panels separated by two air gaps
33
Lumped Parameter Model
34
Lumped Parameter Model
second resonant
frequency
First resonant
frequency
f0 = 73, 263 Hz
35
Resonant Frequencies
f1 = 64 Hz f1 = 53, 92 Hz
36
Comparison of Model to Measurements
37
Masonry with attached lining
A 150mm thick
concrete wall which by
itself will be Rw 50 can
be less than Rw 50 if
light gypsum board
linings are fixed on both
sides.
The dip at the mass-air-
mass resonance can
reduce the Rw rating
Comparison of double and triple
wall
Description Thickness Mass (kg) Rw (dB)
(mm)
39
Comparison of single double and
triple panel walls
40
Cavity Walls
Rw 56 Rw 53 Rw 48 Rw 63
Sound Insulation Requirements
(Residential)
High quality
Rw 65
Apartments
Mid quality
Rw 60
Apartments
Code Compliance
Rw 55
Minimum performance
42
Sound Insulation Requirements
(Education)
Library Class- Multi- Technology Technology Gymn- Music
/Study room purpose Room Room asium Room
Room Hall
Technology 60 60 60 55 55 55 60
Room
Gymnasium 60 60 60 55 55 55 60
Classroom 50 50 60 50 60 60 60
Multi-purpose 60 60 60 55 60 60 60
Hall
Library/Study 45 50 60 50 60 60 60
Room
Music Room 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
43
Sound Insulation Requirements
(TV and Radio)
Required Rw
44
Impact Sound
45
Measuring Impact Sound
46
Australian Requirements
47
Conclusions
Good sound insulation is very important in
buildings
Criteria can be established for each room in a
building based on user comfort
Walls and floors can be designed with simple
engineering models to meet criteria
Understanding the basic principles of sound
transmission helps prevent bad buildings
48