DE PEDRO, JOYCE ABEGAIL D.

CE- 5206
ELECTIVE 1 - BRIDGE ENGINEERING

GIVEN:

fc’ = 28 MPa
Unit weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3
Depth and height of haunch = 100 mm (include this in calculation of dead load)
Wearing surface thickness = 50 mm
Unit of wearing surface = 21 kN/m3
Concrete barrier dimension = 250 mm x 900 mm
Utility loads = 7% of DC and wearing surface

100X 100
AT = 2(900X250) + 4(1610X 400) + 6( ) + 3(2400X 210)
2
AT = 4,568,000 MM2 or 4.568 m2

1, Calculation of maximum bending moment, Mu of the interior girder for strength limit state and service limit state:

Structural analysis

1. COMPUTE WDC
a.Weight of deck
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.21)(8.8)(23.6 kN/m3) = 43.6128 kN/m
b. Weight of girder
weight x area x unit weight
1
w = [(1.4)(0.4)(4) + (0.1)(0.1)(6)] =53.572 kN/m
2
c. Weight of barriers
weight x area x unit weight
w =(2)(0.25)(0.9)(23.6 kN/m3) = 10.62 kN/m
d. Weight of sidewalk
weight x area x unit weight
w = (2)(0.275)(1.2)(23.6 kN/m3) = 15.576 kN/m
e. Weight of overhang
weight x area x unit weight
 w = (2)(0.25)(0.9)(23.6 kN/m3) = 10.62 kN/m

DC = (weight of deck + weight of girder + weight of barriers + weight of sidewalks + weight of overhang)
DC = 43.6128 + 53.572 + 10.62 + 15.576 +10.62
DC = 134.0008 kN/m

2. COMPUTE WDW
a. Weight of wearing surface
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.05)(8.4)(21 kN/m3) = 8.82 kN/m
b. Utilities = 0.07of ( DC + wearing surface)
= 0.07(134.0008 + 8.82)
= 9.997456 kN/m
DW = 8.82 + 9.997456
DW = 18.817456 kN/m

3. Divide DC and DW by the number of girders to get WDC and WDw

134.0008
WDC = = 33.5002 kN/m
4
18.817456
WDw = = 4.704364 kN/m
4
4. Use the concept of influence lines to determine the maximum bending moment
Maximum moment for deadload
W DC L2 (33.5002 )(35)2
MDC = = = 5129. 718125 kN-m
8 8
W Dw L2 (4.704364 )(35)2
MDw = = = 720.3557375 kN-m
8 8
Maximum moment for liveload
DESIGN LANE
216e = 108(1.2)
ab ( 17.2)( 17.8)
h1 = = = 8.747 m
a + b 35
e= 0.6
( 0.747)( 16.6)
h2 = = 8.158 m
17.8
L - e 35 - 0.6
x= = = 17.2
2 2

Mmax = 108(8.747) +108(8.158)

Mmax = 1825.755429 kN-m

DESIGN LANE

Mmax =
W L2 = (9.34 )(35)2
8 8
Mmax = 1430.1875 kN-m

DESIGN TRUCK
h1 = 8.735 m
h2 = 6.674 m
h3 = 6.495 m

325e = 145(4.3) +145(8.6)

e1 = 5.755384615
 e2 = 1.455384615
e3 = 2.844615385
L-e
x= Mmax = 35(6.495) + 145(8.73487) + 14596.674)
2
35 - 1.455
x= = 16.772 Mmax = 2461.667121 kN-m
2

Interior Beam
1. Distribution factor for live load for interior beams
a, Checkiing for AASHTO distribution factor method for interior beam
1, 1100mm < s < 4900 mm ; s = 2800 mm
2, 110 mm < ts < 300 mm ; ts = 210 mm
3, 6000 mm < L< 73 000 mm ; L = 35 000 mm
4, Nb > 4 ; Nb = 4
5, 4x109 mm4 < kg < 3x1012
Kg = n (1 + Aeg2) , n = 1

I=
b h 3 = ( 400)(1400) 3 = 9.14667x1010 mm
12 12
Agirder = bh = 400(1400) = 560 000 mm2
ts h 210 1400
Eg = + = + = 805 mm
2 2 2 2
Kg = n (1 + Aeg2) , n = 1
Kg = 1 (9.14667x1010 + 560 000(805)2)
Kg = 4.5436x1011 mm4
Use AASHTO
W 8.4 m
# of lanes = = = 2.33 or 2 lanes
3.6 3.6
ONE DESIGN LANE
S S kg 0.1
DF1 =0.06 + ( )0.4 ( )0.3 ( )
4300 L lts
2800 0.4 2800 0.3 4.544x10
DF1 =0.06 + ( ) ( ) ( )0.1
4300 35 000 ( 35000)( 210)
DF1 = 0.468385493

MULTIPLEDESIGN LANE
S S kg 0.1
DF2 =0.075 + ( )0.6 ( )0.2 ( )
2900 L lts
2800 0.6 2800 0.2 4.544x10
DF2 =0.075 + ( ) ( ) ( )0.1
2900 35 000 ( 35000)( 210)
DF2 = 0.6861411083
Use DF2 = 0.6861411083 for interior beam

CASE 1 ; (1.33MTANDEM + MLANE) DF2

MTANDEM = 1825.755429 kN-m
MLANE = 1430. 1875 kN-m
DF2 = 0.6861411083

MLL + LM = [1.33 (1825. 755429) + 1430.1875] 0.6861411083

MLL + LM = 2647. 435822 kN-m

CASE II : ; (1.33MTRUCK + MLANE) DF2

MTRUCK = 2461.667121 kN-m
 MLANE = 1430. 1875 kN-m
DF2 = 0.6861411083

MLL + LM = [1.33 (2461.667121) + 1430.1875] 0.6861411083

MLL + LM = 3227.748275 kN-m

Use: 3227.748275 kN-m for MLL + LM

ANSWER:
a, STRENGTH 1 LIMIT STATE
Mu = 1.25 MDC + 1.5 MDW + 1.75 (MLL + LM )
Mu = 1.25 (5129.718125 kN-m) + 1.5 (720.3557375 kN-m) + 1.75 (3227.748275 kN-m)
Mu = 13141. 24074 kN-m

b, SERVICE 1 LIMIT STATE

Mu = 1.0 MDC + 1.0 MDW + 1.0 (MLL + LM )
Mu = 1.0 (5129.718125 kN-m) + 1.0 (720.3557375 kN-m) + 1.0 (3227.748275 kN-m)
Mu = 9077. 822137 kN-m
2. Calculation of maximum bending moment, Mu for the bridge deck for: Strength 1 limit state and Service 1 limit
strength

1, COMPUTE WDC
a.Weight of deck
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.21)(1)(23.6 kN/m3) = 4.956 kN/m
b. Weight of overhang
weight x area x unit weight
w =(0.25)(1)(23.6 kN/m3) = 5.9 kN/m
c. Weight of barrier
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.25)(0.9)(1)(23.6 kN/m3) = 5.31 kN/m
d. Weight of sidewalk
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.275)(1)(23.6 kN/m3) = 6..49 kN/m

DC = (weight of deck weight of barriers + weight of sidewalks + weight of overhang)

5.31
DC = 4.956 + 5.9 + + 6.49
0.25
DC = 38.586 kN/m

2, COMPUTE WDW
a. Weight of wearing surface
weight x area x unit weight
w = (0.05)(1)(21 kN/m3) = 1.05 kN/m
b. Utilities = 0.07of ( DC + wearing surface)
= 0.07(38.586 + 1.05)
= 2.77452 kN/m
DW = 1.05 + 2.77452
DW = 3.82452 kN/m

3. COMPUTATION FOR DEAD LOAD ( three moment equation)

For Deck

6A a 6A b 6A a 6A b W L3 ( 4.956)(2.8) 3
= = = = = = 27.198528
L L L L 4 4
M 1 = M4 = 0
 6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + + + M3L2 = 0
L L
2(5.6) + M3(2.8) + 27.198528 + 27.198528 = 0
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 + 54.397056 = 0 1

6A a 6A b
M2L2 + 2M3(L2 + L3) + + + M4L3 = 0
L L
M2(2.8) + 2M3(5.6) + 27.198528 = 0
2.8M2+ 11.2M3+ 54.397056= 0 2

Equate 1 and 2
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 + 54.397056 = 0
2.8M2+ 11.2M3+ 54.397056= 0
- 42M3 = 163.191168
M3 = -3.885504 kN – m

Subs. M3 to equation 2
2.8M2+ 11.2(-3.885504)+ 54.397056= 0
M2 = -3.885504 kN – m
M2 = -3.885504 kN – m Fy = 0 ; R2 = R3
-3.885504 = 2.8 R1 – 4.956(2.8)(1.4) 4.956(8.4) – 2(5.55072) + (-2 R2)
R1 = R2 = 5.55072 kN R2 = R3 = 15. 26448 kN

M1 5 = 5.55072(1.4) – 4.956 (1.4)(0.7) M2 5 = 5.55072(4.2) – 15.26448 (1.4) – 4.956(4.2) (2.1)

M1 5 = M3 5 = 2.914128 kN – m M2 5 = 0.971376 kN – m

For overhang

1. 1
M1 = M4 = 5.9 kN – m (1.1) ( )
2
M1 = M4 = -3.5695 kN – m

6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + M3L2 + + =0
L L
-3.5695 (2.8) + 2M2(5.6) + M3(2.8)= 0
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 – 9.9946 = 0 1

6A a 6A b
M2L2 + 2M3(L2 + L3) + M4L3 + + =0
L L
M2(2.8) + 2M3(5.6) – 3.5695(2.8)= 0
2.8M2+ 11.2M3 – 9.9946= 0 2

Equate 1 and 2
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 - 9.9946= 0
4[2.8M2+ 11.2M3 – 9.9946= 0]
42M3 = 29.9839
M3 = 0.7139kN – m

Subs. M3 to equation 2
2.8M2+ 11.2(0.7139) – 9.9946= 0
M2 = -0.7139 kN – m
 M2 = 0.7139 kN – m Fy = 0 ; R2 = R3
1. 1
0.7139= 2.8 R1 – 5.9(1.1) ( + 2. 8) 5.9(1.1) (2) – 2(8.019785714) + (-2 R2)
2
R1 = R4 = 8. 019785714 kN R2 = R3 = -1. 529785714 kN

1.1
M1 5 = 8. 019785714 (1.4) – 5.9 (1.1) ( + 2. 8) M2 5 = 8. 019785714(4.2) -1. 529785714 (1.4) – 5.9 (1.1) (
2
1.1
+ 4.2)
2
M1 5 = M3 5 = -1.4278 kN – m M2 5 = 0.7139 kN – m

For sidewalk

M1 = M4 = 6. 49 kN / m (1. 2) (0.6)
M1 = M4 = -4. 6728 kN – m

6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + M3L2 + + =0
L L
-4.6728 (2. 8) + 2M2(5. 6) + M3(2. 8) = 0
Since symmetrical M2 = M3

14M2 = 13. 08384

M2 = M3 = 0.93456 kN – m

M+M
M1 5 = ( ) M2 5 = M2 = M3
2
-4. 6728 + 0. 93456
M1 5 = M 3 5 = ( ) M2 5 = 0. 93456 kN – m
2
M1 5 = M3 5 = - 1. 86912 kN – m

For barrier

M1 = M4 = -5.31 kN (1. 075)

M1 = M4 = -5. 70825 kN – m

6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + M3L2 + + =0
L L
-5.70825 (2. 8) + 2M2(5. 6) + M3(2. 8) = 0
11. 2M2 + 2. 8M3 – 15.9831

Since symmetrical M2 = M3
14M2 = 15.9831
 M2 = M3 = 1.14165 kN – m

For midspan
M+M M+M
M1 5 = M3 5 = ( ) M2 5 = ( )
2 2
-5.70825 + 1.14165 1. 14165 + 1. 14165
M1 5 = M 3 5 = ( ) M2 5 = ( )
2 2
M1 5 = M3 5 = - 2.2833 kN – m M2 5 = 1. 14165 kN – m

For wearing surface

M1 = M 4 = 0

6A a 6A b 6A a 6A b W L3 ( 1.05)( 2.8)3
= = = = = = 5. 7624 kN – m
L L L L 4 4
6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + M3L2 + + =0
L L
2M2(5. 6) + M3(2. 8) + 5. 7624 + 5. 7624= 0
11. 2M2 + 2. 8M3 – 11. 5248 = 0

Since symmetrical M2 = M3
14M2 = -11. 5248
M2 = M3 = -0.8232 kN – m

M2 = -0.8232 kN – m Fy = 0 ; R2 = R3
-0.8232 = 2.8 R1 – 1.05(2.8)(1.4) 1. 05(8.4) – 2(1. 176) + (-2 R2)
R1 = R4 = 1. 176 kN R2 = R3 = 3. 324 kN

M1 5 = 5.55072(1.4) – 4.956 (1.4)(0.7) M2 5 = 1.176(4.2) – 3. 324 (1.4) – 1.05(4.2) (2.1)

M1 5 = M3 5 = 1. 176 kN – m M2 5 = 0. 2058 kN – m

Since symmetrical M1.5 = M3 5

M3. 5 = 0. 6174 kN – m

For utility load

M1 = M4 = -2. 77452 (1. 2) (0. 6)

M1 = M4 = - 1. 9976544 kN – m

6A a 6A b
M1L1 + 2M2(L1 + L2) + + + M3L2 = 0
L L
 (2. 77452) ( 2.8)3
- 1. 9976544 (2. 8) + 2M2(5.6) + M3(2. 8) + (2) =0
4
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 + 24. 8596992 = 0 1

6A a 6A b
M2L2 + 2M3(L2 + L3) + + + M4L3 = 0
L L
(2. 77452) ( 2.8)3
M2(2.8) + 2M3(5.6) – 1.9976544 (2. 8) + (2) =0
4
2.8M2+ 11.2M3+ 24. 8596992 = 0 2

Equate 1 and 2
11.2 M2 + 2.8M3 + 24. 8596992 = 0
2.8M2+ 11.2M3+ 24. 8596992 = 0
- 42M3 = 74. 5790576
M3 = -1. 7756928 kN – m

Subs. M3 to equation 2
2.8M2+ 11.2(-1. 7756928)+ 24. 8596992 = 0
M2 = -1. 7756928 kN – m

M2 = -1. 7756928 kN – m Fy = 0 ; R2 = R3
-1. 7756928 = 2.8 R1 – 2. 77452 (4)2() 2. 77452 (10.8) – 2(7. 293024) + (-2 R2)
R1 = R2 = 7. 293024 kN R2 = R3 = 7. 6893521 kN

Moment in each midspan

M1 5 = M3 5 = 7. 293024 (1.4) – 2. 77452 (2. 6)(1. 8) M2 5 = 7. 293024 (4.2) – 7. 6893521 (1.4) – 2. 77452
(5.4) (2. 7)
M1 5 = M3 5 = 0. 832356 kN – m M2 5 = 0. 9433368 kN – m

LIVELOAD COMPUTATION

Cross section type : E

LRFD 4. 6. 2. 2. 1. 1
3.280839895
s = 2.8m =
1m
s = 9. 186351706 ft

Positive moment for LL:

s M (+) Interpolation :
9’0” 6,81 6.44 - 6.29 6.44 - y
9. y =
9.3 - 9 9.3 - 9. 186351706
186351706
9’ 3” 6.87 ( 1.35582) k N – m
y = 6.383 kip/ft ( ) = 8.654437485
1 kip/ ft
k N – m = m (+)
Negative moment for LL:
s M (-) Interpolation :
9’0” 6,81 6.44 - 6.29 6.87 - y
9. y =
9.3 - 9 9.3 - 9. 186351706
186351706
9’ 3” 6.87 ( 1.35582) k N – m
y = 6.847270341 kip/ft ( ) = -9. 279968548
1 kip/ ft
k N – m = m (-)
CALCULATION OF MAX. BENDING MOMENTS, Mu
a, FOR STRENGTH 1 LIMIT STATE
M1 = M4 (due to symmetry)
M1 = 1. 25 DC + 1. 5DW + 1. 75 LL
M1 = 1. 25 (- 13. 95055) + 1. 5(-1. 9976544) + 1. 75 (-9. 279968548)
M1 = M4 = -36. 67461406 k N – m

M1. 5 = M3. 5 (due to symmetry)

M1. 5 = 1. 25 DC + 1. 5DW + 1. 75 LL
M1. 5 = 1. 25 (- 2.666092) + 1. 5(1. 449756) + 1. 75 (8. 654473485)
M1. 5 = M3. 5 = -13. 9872846 k N – m

M2 = M3 (due to symmetry)
M2 = 1. 25 DC + 1. 5DW + 1. 75 LL
M2 = 1. 25 (- 1. 095394) + 1. 5(-2. 5988928) + 1. 75 (-9.279968548)
M1 = M4 = -21. 50752666 k N – m

M2. 5 = 1. 25 DC + 1. 5DW + 1. 75 LL
M2. 5 = 1. 25 (3. 761341994) + 1. 5(1.1451368) + 1. 75 (8. 654437485)
M1 = M4 = 21. 57064829 k N – m

ANSWER:

Mu (+) = 21. 57064829 k N – m

Mu (-) = -36. 67461406 k N – m

b, FOR SERVICE 1 LIMIT STATE

M1 = M4 ; M2 = M3; M1.5 = M3.5; due to symmetry
M1 = 1.0 DC + 1.0 DW + !.0 LL M2 = 1.0 DC + 1.0 DW + !.0 LL
M1 = M4 = -13. 95055- 1.9976544-9. 279968548 M2 = -1.095394 – 2. 5988928 –
9.275968548
M1 = M4 = -25. 22817295 k N – m M2 = M3 = -12. 97425535 kN – m

M1 5 = 1.0 DC + 1.0 DW + !.0 LL M2. 5 = 1.0 DC + 1.0 DW + !.0 LL

M1 5 =-2. 666092 +1.449786 + 8.654437485 M2. 5 = 3. 761341994 + 1. 491368 + 8.
654437485
M1 = M4 = 7. 438101484 k N – m M2. 5 = 13. 56491628 k N – m

ANSWER:

Mu (+) = 13. 56491628 k N – m

Mu (-) = -25. 22817295 kN – m