Ray Optics 2

Mahendra Singh 8+ years Teaching experience

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Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

I. The unit vector along incidence ray on the first mirror is

D. None of these
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

II. The unit vector along normal on the first plane mirror is
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

III. The unit vector along reflected ray on the first plane mirror is
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

IV. The unit vector along incident ray on second plane mirror is

D. None of these
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

V. The unit vector along reflected ray from second mirror

D. None of these
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

VI. The unit vector along reflected ray from third mirror

D. None of these
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

VII. The angle between incident ray and final emergent ray is

A. 00
B. 900
C. 1800
D. None of these
Example Three plane mirrors are combined such that, first plane mirror is YZ - plane,
second is in XZ- plane and third
^ is in XY- plane. A ray of light incident on first
plane mirror along î + ĵ + k. After successive reflections through the first mirror,
second mirror and third mirror, the ray finally emerges out.

VIII.A ray of light incident on a mirror making 300 angle with the mirror.
Find the deviation in the ray.
A. 300
B. 600
C. 1200
D. None of these
 Types of Objects
Objects - Source of light rays incident on optical system

Real Object

Object is real if two or more rays emanate (start) or seem to emanate from a point.

Diverging incident ray

 Types of Objects

Virtual Object
A converging set of Incident rays which did not appear to emanate from a point.

Real image I O Virtual Object

 Types of Image
Image: A point where rays converging after interaction with optical element.

Real image
Real image is formed when rays actually meet after the interaction with optical
element.
Real image can be captured on a screen.

Converging Reflected Rays Real O Real image

Convex lens
 Types of Image
Virtual image
If rays, after interaction with optical element, do not meet (converge) but appear
to emanate from a point, then a virtual image is formed.

Real Object Virtual image

Diverging Reflected Rays
 Types of Objects & Images

diverging Real Object

Incident rays
converging Virtual Object

converging Real Image

Reflected rays
diverging Virtual Image
 Tracing the Image

1. Consider any two light rays emanating (starting) from object.

2. Apply law of Reflection on each of them.
3. Find the meeting point / intersection of those reflected rays.
Image formation from Plane Mirror
 Image formation from Plane Mirror
● I is virtual image,
● at same distance from
mirror as object.
● Same size as object
● Upright

O I
Image formation from Plane Mirror
 Image formation from Plane Mirror

● Left-Right reversal (lateral inversion)

 Image formation from Plane Mirror
● I is virtual image,
● at same distance
from mirror as object.
● Same size as object
● Upright
● Left-Right reversal (lateral inversion)
mirror

A E

h0 hi
θ θ Image
Object B θ C D
Example The plane mirror is in YX-plane. The coordinate of image of point P is

A. (x, -y, -z) B. (-x, y, -z) Y

C. (-x, y, z) D. (-x, -y, -z)

(x, y, z)

P
X
O
 Relation between object distance and image distance

Xom : distance of object w.r.t mirror

O I
Xim : distance of image w.r.t mirror Xom
Xim

Xom = - Xim
 Xom = - Xim

- Sign indicates object and image are opposite site of mirror.

What is the relation between velocity of object and
Image for plane mirror

We know that
Xom = - Xim

Different w.r.t time we get

d/dt(Xom ) = - d/dt(Xim)

vom = - Vim
Vom = - Vim

Vom : Velocity of object w.r.t mirror

Vim : Velocity of image w.r.t mirror

 Vom = - Vim

vom : Velocity of object w.r.t mirror

vim : Velocity of image w.r.t mirror

So

and

Vo ⇒ Velocity of object w.r.t ground

Vi ⇒ Velocity of image w.r.t ground

Vm ⇒ Velocity of mirror w.r.t ground

Note
[Vom = - Vim] along normal to the mirror

i.e., (mirror is in (y -z) plane)

(Vom )x = - (Vim ) x

But (Vom )y = (Vim )y

and (Vom )z = (Vim )z

i.e; Voy = Viy and Voz = Viz

Suppose mirror is placed in Vom )x = - (Vim ) x

(x - z plane) (Vo )y = -(Vim )y

and (Vom )x = (Vim )x

i.e; Vox = Vix

Similarly
Voz = Viz
 Velocity of Image Plane Mirror

Perpendicular to Mirror

O I

➝ ➝
VI = - VO
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

1.
+ve

O
A. + 2 m/s B. - 2 m/s
2m/s

Rest
 Velocity of Image Plane Mirror
Perpendicular to Mirror ➝
VM

O I
O I

➝ ➝
VI = - VO
➝ ➝
VIM = - VOM
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

2. +ve A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s
Rest

2m/s
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

3. +ve
A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

O C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s
2m/s

1 m/s
 Velocity of Image Plane Mirror
Parallel to Mirror

➝ ➝
O I VI = V O

Stationary or Moving
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

2m/s
4.
A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

O
C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s

Rest
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

5. A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s
2m/s

O C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s

Rest

1m/s
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in each case:

6. 10 m/s

370
O x

Rest

A. 8î + 6ĵ B. - 8î - 6ĵ C. - 8î + 6ĵ D. None
Example Find the velocity of image of point object P formed by the plane mirror.

P 370 Y
10cms-1

450 Xʹ X

10√2cms-1
Yʹ

A. (2î - 10ĵ)cms-1 B. 2(cms-1)î

C. (-4î - 10ĵ)cms-1 D. -(4cms-1 )î

Daily Practice Problems
Discussion
Example A virtual image is formed by a plane mirror, when the pencil of light is incident
on the mirror, then the incident pencil on the mirror is

A. diverging

B. parallel

C. converging

D. all of the above

Example Mark the correct options

A. If the incident rays are converging, we have a real object

B. If the reflected rays are converging, we have a real image

C. The image of a virtual object is called a virtual image

D. If the image is virtual, the corresponding object is called

a virtual object
Example When a clock is viewed in a mirror, the needles exhibit a time which appears
to be 8:20. Then the actual time will be

A. 4.40
B. 3.40
C. 8.20
D. 3.20
Example Two mirrors are inclined at an angle θ as shown in the figure. Light ray is
incident parallel to one of the mirrors. The ray will start retracing its path
after third reflection if

A. θ = 450
B. θ = 300
C. θ = 600
D. All the three
Example When a plane mirror is placed horizontally on level ground at a distance of 60 m
from the foot of a tower, the top of the tower and its image in the mirror subtend
an angle of 900 at the eye, placed at the mirror itself. The height of the tower is

A. 30 m
B. 60 m
C. 90 m
D. 120 m
Example Find the angle between two plane mirrors such that a ray of light is incident on
the first mirror and parallel to the second is reflected from the second mirror,
parallel to the first mirror

A. 300
B. 600
C. 700
D. 900
Example A mirror is inclined at an angle of θo with the horizontal. If a ray of light is
incident at an angle of incidence θ0 then the reflected ray makes the
following angle with the horizontal

A. θ0
B. 2θo Incident ray
C. θo/2
D. None of these M

θ H
Example A ray of light making an angle 100 with the horizontal is incident on a plane
mirror making a angle θ with the horizontal. What should be the value of θ so
that the reflected ray goes vertically upwards

A. 200
B. 300
C. 400
D. 450
Example Two plane mirrors A and B are aligned parallel to each other, as shown in the
figure. A light ray is incident at an angle of 30º at a point just inside one end of
A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the figure. The maximum
number of times the ray undergoes reflections (including the first one) before it
merges out is

A. 28 2√3 m
B. 30 B
C. 32
D. 34
300
0.2 m

A
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground) in following case:

4√2 m/s

450

O 530

10 m/s
Example An object is initially at a distance of 100 cm from a plane mirror. If, the
mirror approaches the object at a speed of 5 cm/s. Then after 6 s the
distance between the object and its image will be

A. 60 cm B. 140 cm C. 170 cm D. 150 cm

Example A particle is moving in front of a plane mirror as shown in figure. The
velocity of image with respect to object is

A. v sin θ B. v cos θ C. 2v sin θ D. 2v cos θ

v
θ
Example A boy is walking under an inclined mirror at a constant velocity V m/s
along the x-axis as shown in figure. If the mirror is inclined at an angle θ
with the horizontal then what is the velocity of the image?

Y
A. V sin θi + V cos θj B. V cos θi + V sin θj

V C. V sin 2θi + V cos 2θj D. V cos 2θi + V sin 2θj

θ
X
Example A plane mirror is moving with velocity
A point object in front of the mirror moves with a velocity
Here is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing towards the
object. The velocity of the image is

A. B.

C. D.
Example 2 plane mirrors are arranged parallel to one another each moving with a
speed v. The linear velocity of the Nth image of a point object placed in
front of the first mirror is

A. N v B. 4N v C. 3N v D. 2N v
Example A man runs towards a rickshaw with speed u and the rickshaw moves
away from him with speed v. The speed with which the man approaches
his image in the plane mirror fixed in the rear of the rickshaw is

A. 2( u – v) B. 2u – v C. u – 2v D. u – v
Example A plane mirror is Inclined at an angle θ = 30° with the horizontal surface.
A particle P is projected with velocity
V = 10 m/s as shown in figure. Time when the image will come
momentarily at rest w.r.t. to the particle

A. √3 B. √2
V
C. 1/√2 D. 1/√3

300 600
P
Example If a point object P is approaching the mirror with velocity vî. The velocity
of image is

A. vî
B. -v î
C. vĵ
D. -vĵ
P v
Example The velocity of object is v ĵ. The velocity of image is

A. vî
B. -v î v
C. vĵ
D. None of these
P
Example The velocity of image is

A. v sinθî + v cos θ ĵ
θ
B. - v sinθî + v cos θ ĵ Y
C. - v sinθî - v cos θ ĵ v
D. None of these

X
Example The velocity of mirror is -vmî

A. vmî
B. 2vmî vm

C. -2vmî P

D. None of these
Example The velocity of mirror is vmĵ as shown in the figure. The
velocity of image of stationary object P is

A. vm ĵ vm

B. vmî
C. 2vmî
P
D. Zero
Example The velocity of image is

A. - 2î
B. 4î
C. -4î
D. None of these

Y
2ms-1
3ms-1
Xʹ X
P

Yʹ
Example The velocity of image of stationary object P is

A. 2vm cos 𝛉 B. 2vm sin 𝛉 vm

C. 2vm tan𝛉 D. 2vm

𝛉

P
Example The velocity of image of point object P is

vm Y
v 𝛉

𝛂 Xʹ X
P
Yʹ

A. (2vmsinθ - v cos α) î
B. (2vmsinθ - v cos α) î + v sin α ĵ
C. (vmcosθ - 2vm sin α) î - v sin α ĵ
D. None of these
Example Find the velocity of image of point object P formed by the plane mirror.

A. (2î - 10ĵ)cms-1 B. (2cms-1)î 10 cms-1

C. (-4î - 10ĵ)cms-1 D. -(4cms-1)î 370

X’ X

Y’

450
10 √2cms-1
Example A reflective surface is given by y = 2sin x. The reflective surface is facing
towards positive Y- axis. Find the least values of coordinate of the point, when
a ray parallel to positive X-axis becomes parallel to positive Y-axis after
reflection?

A. √3, π/3
B. π/3, √3
C. π/6, 1
D. π/6, √3
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