BIOCHEMISTRY EVALS 1

RATIO
AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

1. Rather than depending on his fat deposits, a 100-meter C. metabolized rapidly, even when oxygen is scarce
sprinter uses up glycogen because glycogen is
A. more abundant in the liver and skeletal muscles
B. more reduced, less hydrated and non-polar
C. metabolized rapidly, even when oxygen is scarce
D. yields more ATP per gram under aerobic conditions
2. By definition, glucose would qualify as a C. Saccharide, sugar and carbohydrate, but not a glycan
A. Saccharide only
B. Saccharide and carbohydrate, but not a sugar
C. Saccharide, sugar and carbohydrate, but not a glycan
D. Saccharide, sugar, carbohydrate and glycan, all at the same
time
3. Which carbohydrate or glycoconjugate is correctly paired B. H antigen is the determinant responsible for blood types.
with its biological role in the human body?
A. Ribose forms part of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA.
B. H antigen is the determinant responsible for blood types.
C. Sialic acid helps protect the lining of the gut and the
respiratory system.
D. Starch is the branched polymer in liver and muscles that
stores energy.
4. A diabetic patient was successfully taken out of severe C. D-glucose
hypoglycemia by injecting dextrose solution. The remedy given
simply consisted of a solution of which of the following sugars?
A. D-fructose
B. D-galactose
C. D-glucose
D. D-ribose
5. Relative to D-glucose, which of the following is true? D. D-fructose is its functional isomer.
A. L-glucose is its anomer.
B. L-galactose is its enantiomer.
C. D-ribose is its epimer.
D. D-fructose is its functional isomer.
6. Which is true of the major form of glucose involved in C. It is in the (D) conformation.
metabolism?
A. It assumes the boat conformation.
B. Its C1 hydroxyl group is pointing downwards.
C. It is in the (D) conformation.
D. It rotates plane polarized light to the left.
7. Accumulation of which sugar derivative in the lens is A. Glucitol
implicated in the development of diabetic cataracts?
A. Glucitol
B. Glucosamine
C. Glucose-6-phosphate
D. Glucuronic acid
8. Trehalose is a homodisaccharide of glucose found in algae A. α (11)
and mushrooms. When subjected to Benedict’s test, trehalose
yields a negative test. Fortunately, humans have the α-
glucosidase, trehalase in the brush border of the intestine.
Which type of glucosidase is trehalase?
A. α (11)
B. α (12)
C. α (14)
D. α (16)
9. Upon heating, the urine sample from a patient produces a D. None of the choices is an exception.
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

brick-red precipitate in the presence of Benedict’s reagent. The

following may be responsible for this reaction EXCEPT for
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. None of the choices is an exception.
10. O-linked glycosylation of the LDL receptor B. facilitates ligand binding by exposing the extracellular
A. activates signaling mechanisms seen in diabetes mellitus and globular domain
cancer
B. facilitates ligand binding by exposing the extracellular
globular domain
C. involves 2 N-acetylglucosamine residues and a branched
mannose triad
D. occurs at the same time that the polypeptide is being
synthesized
11. Compared with palmitate (16:0), oleate (18:1) has a lower C. A kink produced by the double bond
melting point because oleate has
A. A longer hydrocarbon chain
B. A more saturated chain
C. A kink produced by the double bond
D. A trans- double bond at carbon-9
A. It is also called octadecatrienoate

12. Which is true of the nutritionally essential fatty acid drawn

here?
A. It is also called octadecatrienoate.
B. It belongs to the ω-6 family of fatty acids.
C. It gives rise to arachidonic acid.
D. It has a conjugated system of double bonds.
13. Modified rapeseed oil, commercially marketed as canola oil, D. unsaturated fatty acids
is beneficial to health because it is rich in
A. cholesteryl esters
B. trans- fatty acids
C. triacylglycerols
D. unsaturated fatty acids
14. Fatty acids are stored as neutral fats in the body through the B. Esterification
process of
A. Emulsification
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

B. Esterification
C. Hydrogenation
D. Saponification
15. In adipose tissue, which forms the backbone through which B. Glycerol
most fatty acids are attached?
A. Cholesterol
B. Glycerol
C. Phosphatidic acid
D. Sphingosine
A. Glycerophospholipid

16. Lung surfactant keeps alveoli from collapsing especially

during expiration. The major component of lung surfactant,
DPPC, whose structure is drawn below, is a
A. Glycerophospholipid
B. Glycosphingolipid
C. Sphingophospholipid
D. Steroid
17. A child presents with mental retardation and early-onset B. Gangliosides
blindness. Fundoscopic examination is significant for the
finding of a cherry-red spot on the retina, making the doctor
suspect Tay-Sachs disease. Accumulation of which
sphingolipids within lysosomes occurs in this disorder?
A. Galactosylceramides
B. Gangliosides
C. Sphingomyelins
D. Sulfatides
18. During asthmatic attacks, leukotrienes cause narrowing of A. Arachidonate
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

the airways leading to difficulty of breathing. These eicosanoids

are derived from
A. Arachidonate
B. Ceramide
C. Cholesterol
D. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
19. Plant-derived sterols help lower serum cholesterol levels by A. absorption from food
inhibiting cholesterol
A. absorption from food
B. reuptake through the portal blood
C. storage as cholesteryl esters
D. synthesis in the liver
20. The glucocorticoid, cortisol, is primarily involved in which D. Metabolic regulation and response to stress
process/es?
A. Digestion and absorption of dietary fats
B. Expression of secondary sexual characteristics
C. Increased absorption of calcium from food
D. Metabolic regulation and response to stress
E. Water and electrolyte balance
21. Which of the following forces is favorable for protein A. Hydrophobic interactions
folding?
A. Hydrophobic interactions
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Vander Waals forces
D. Ionic bonding
22. A process by which a protein structure assumes its B. Folding
functional shape or conformation is:
A. Denaturing
B. Folding
C. Synthesis
D. Hydrolysis
23. Which of the following bonds is not involved in tertiary type D. Hydrophilic interactions
of protein structure?
A. Disulfide bond
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. Salt bridges
D. Hydrophilic interactions
24. Which of the following does not possess a quaternary A. Myoglobin
structure?
A. Myoglobin
B. Lactate dehydrogenase
C. Immunoglobin M
D. Creatine Phospho Kinase
25. Which of the following is abundantly found in collagen? A. Glycine
A. Glycine
B. Serine
C. Alanine
D. Tryptophan
26. Which of the following is false about fibrous protein? C. Hemoglobin is the best example
A. It is in rod or wire like shape
B. Keratin and collagen are the best examples
C. Hemoglobin is the best example
D. It provides structural support for cells and tissues
27. Which of the following does not affect the stability of a α- D. Occurrence of alanine and glycine residues
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

helix?
A. Electrostatic repulsion
B. Bulkiness
C. Interaction between R groups spaced three residues apart
D. Occurrence of alanine and glycine residues
28. Which of the following is not true about secondary protein A. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of amino acid
structure? residues is important to secondary structure.
A. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of amino acid
residues is important to secondary structure.
B. The ability of peptide bonds to form intramolecular hydrogen
bonds is important to secondary structure.
C. The alpha helix, beta pleated sheet and beta turns are
examples of protein secondary structure.
D. The steric influence of amino acid residues is important to
secondary structure.
29. β-pleated sheets are the examples of B. Secondary structure
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
30. A coiled peptide chain held in place by hydrogen bonding B. α-helix
between peptide bonds in the same chain is A. Primary structure
B. α-helix C. β-pleated sheets D. Tertiary structure
31. A structure that has hydrogen bonds between polypeptide C. β-pleated sheets
chains arranged side by side is A. Primary structure B. α-helix
C. β-pleated sheets D. Tertiary structure
32. Which of the following are known as helix breakers? A. A. Proline and glycine
Proline and glycine B. Isoleucine and leucine C. Valine D.
Threonine
33. Secondary structure is defined by A. Hydrogen bonding B. A. Hydrogen bonding
Vander Waals forces C. Covalent bonding D. Ionic bonding
34. Which of the following is false statement? A. α-Keratin is α D. α-Keratin is β pleated structure
helical B. Collagen is α helical C. Hemoglobin has a quaternary
structure D. α-Keratin is β pleated structure
35. Which of the following statements is false? A. Primary B. Secondary structure of a protein determines how it folds
structure of a protein determines how it folds up into a unique up into a unique three dimensional structure
three dimensional structure B. Secondary structure of a protein
determines how it folds up into a unique three dimensional
structure C. Three dimensional structure of a protein determines
the function of a protein D. Amino acid sequence is absolutely
invariant for a particular protein
36. Tertiary conformation of proteins is maintained by 3 types B. Disulfide
of bonds namely ionic, hydrogen and
A. Sulfide
B. Disulfide
C. Covalent
D. Peptide
37. Which of the following is false? D. The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within
A. The two main types of secondary structure are the α helix
and β pleet structures
B. α helix is a right handed coiled strand
C. The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is between strands rather
than within strands
D. The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within strands rather
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RATIO
AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

than between strands

38. In 3° structure of proteins, folding and shaping is done by A. Hydrophobic interactions
A. Hydrophobic interactions
B. Polar interactions
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. None of the mentioned
39. During the formation of the peptide bond which of the A. Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one
following takes place? amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino
A. Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino group of another amino acid
acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of
another amino acid
B. Hydrogen atom is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino
acid and a hydroxyl group is lost from its amino group of
another amino acid
C. Hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino
acid and a hydroxyl group is lost from its amino group of
another amino acid
D. Hydrogen atom is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino
acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of
another amino acid
40. Peptide bond is a A. Covalent bond
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Hydrogen bond
41. The factor which does not affect pKa value of an amino acid D. Molecular weight
is
A. The loss of charge in the α-carboxyl and α-amino groups
B. The interactions with other peptide R groups
C. Other environmental factors
D. Molecular weight
42. Which part of the amino acid gives it uniqueness? C. Side chain
A. Amino group
B. Carboxyl group
C. Side chain
D. None
43. Which of the following information is responsible to specify B. The protein’s amino acid sequence
the three-dimensional shape of a protein?
A. The protein’s peptide bond
B. The protein’s amino acid sequence
C. The protein’s interaction with other polypeptides
D. The protein’s interaction with molecular chaperons
44. Unfolding of a protein can be termed as B. Denaturation
A. Renaturation
B. Denaturation
C. Oxidation
D. Reduction
45. Identify the amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R B. Glycine, alanine, leucine
groups
A. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
B. Glycine, alanine, leucine
C. Lysine, arginine, histidine
D. Serine, threonine, cysteine
46. The two amino acids having R groups with a negative net A. Aspartate and glutamate
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

charge at pH 7.0 are

A. Aspartate and glutamate
B. Arginine and histidine
C. Cysteine and methionine
D. Proline and valine
47. If pK1 = 2.34 and pK2 = 9.60, then the isoelectric point pI is B. 5.97
A. 5.87
B. 5.97
C. 3.67
D. 11.94
48. Which of the following is a true statement? A. Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar
A. Tryptophan and tyrosine are significantly more polar than than phenylalanine
phenylalanine
B. Leucine is commonly used as an ingredient in the buffers of
SDS page
C. Aspartate is an essential amino acid
D. Lysine is a non-essential amino acid
49. Which of the following is an essential amino acid? D. Phenylalanine
A. Cysteine
B. Asparagine
C. Glutamine
D. Phenylalanine
50. Which of the following is an imino acid? C. Proline
A. Alanine
B. Glycine
C. Proline
D. Serine
51. What kind of intermolecular forces are primary responsible C. Electrostatic interactions between negative charge
in maintaining DNA histone in chromosomes? phosphates and positive charged histones
A. Hydrogen bonds
B. Hydrophobic interactions between aromatic rings of DNA
and positively charged amino acids
C. Electrostatic interactions between negative charge
phosphates and positive charged histones
D. Hydrophilic interactions between bases and histones
52. What products can be obtained if ribothymidylic acid is C. Ribose, thymine and phosphate
completely degraded?
A. Deoxyribose, thymine and phosphate
B. Deoxyribose and thymine
C. Ribose, thymine and phosphate
D. Ribose and thymine
53. Which of the following would not occur during A. U-G
complementary base pairing ?
A. U-G
B. A-T
C. A-U
D. C-G
54. This histone serve as a lock that put the DNA in place in D. H1
nucleosomes
A. H3
B. H2A
C. H2B
D. H1
55. The characteristic bond that links the repeating nucleotide B. Phosphodiester
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

units in nucleic acids

A. Peptidyl
B. Phosphodiester
C. Glycosidic
D. Covalent
56. What happens when the DNA “melts” at a given C. H bonds between the bases are broken and the 2
temperature? polynucleotide chains separate
A. Solid DNA becomes liquefied
B. The nucleic acid is hydrolyzed to its component units
C. H bonds between the bases are broken and the 2
polynucleotide chains separate
D. DNA separates from the histone proteins
57. Which of the following DNA types is the one for which B. DNA B
James Watson and Francis crick won the Nobel prize?
A. DNA A
B. DNA B
C. DNA C
D. DNA Z
58. A double stranded RNA genome isolated from a virus in the C. 35
stool of a child with gastroenteritis was found to contain 15%
uracil. What is the percentage of guanine in this genome?
A. 75
B. 55
C. 35
D. 15
59. A base found in DNA but not in mRNA A. Thymine
A. Thymine
B. Cytosine
C. Uracil
D. Adenine
60. Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring base. Which B. Inosine
nucleoside contain hypoxanthine?
A. Inosine Monophosphate
B. Inosine
C. Adenylate
D. hypoxanthilate
61. The chemical bonds in a uridine B. Phosphodiester, β-N-glycosidic
A. Phosphodiester, H-bonds, β-N-glycosidic
B. Phosphodiester, β-N-glycosidic
C. Phosphodiester
D. β-N-glycosidic
62. The positive charge of histones at physiologic pH is due to C. Lysine and arginine
the large amount of:
A. Histidine and tyrosine
B. Aspartate and alanine
C. Lysine and arginine
D. Glutamine and methionine
63. A highly methylated and condensed region of the C. heterochromatin
chromosome
A. psuedochromatin
B. euchromatin
C. heterochromatin
D. solenoid
64. A denatured DNA will have higher UV absorbance at B. Melting exposes the aromatic nitrogen bases capable of
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

260nm than its double helix form. This is effect is due to which absorbing UV light
of the following reasons?
A. Melting exposes the sugar moiety that also absorbs light at
260 nm
B. Melting exposes the aromatic nitrogen bases capable of
absorbing UV light
C. Breaking of H-bonds releases energy that increases
absorbance
D. The phosphate groups of the 2 strands are now separated
65. A segment of DNA with sequence of nitrogenous bases 3’ D. 5’ GCA AAT CAG 3’
CGT TTA GTC 5’ will hybridize with which of the following
sections of polynucleotides?
A. 3’GCT AAT GTC 5’
B. 5’ GCU AAU GTT 3’
C. 3’ GCU AAU GCT 5’
D. 5’ GCA AAT CAG 3’
C. DNA C

66. Which of the following graphs will most likely correspond

to a DNA duplex with the highest GC pair?
A. DNA A
B. DNA b
C. DNA C
67. Which of the following bonds is/are present in double C. hydrogen bond
stranded DNA but not in mRNA?
A. β-N-glycosidic bond
B. phosphodiester bond
C. hydrogen bond
68. All of the following DNA sequences are possible B. TCCGA
recognition sites of restriction endonuclease EXCEPT:
A. TTCGAA
B. TCCGA
C. GCTAGC
D. AGCT
69. The quantity of nucleic acids in solution can be B. 260 nm
approximated by reading their absorbance at this wavelength:
A. 200 nm
B. 260 nm
C. 500 nm
D. 600 nm
70. DNA in human chromosome is stabilized through B. histones
association with a group of basic proteins called
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AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, EUKARYOTIC CELL
STRUCTURES, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID CHEMISTRY

A. spermines
B. histones
C. spermidines
D. nucleosomes