ANATOMY EVALS 7

RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
1. What structure of the heart is a smooth, thin-walled, posterior B. Sinus venarum
part; where superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary
sinus open?
A. Aortic vestibule
B. Sinus venarum
C. Conus infundibulum
D. Crista terminalis
2. What is deemed as a rough, muscular anterior wall forming A. Pectinate mucles
the interior of the right atrium?
A. Pectinate mucles
B. Sinus venarum
C. Trabeculae carnae
D. Papillary muscles
3. Which feature of the heart is comprised of an external vertical D. Sulcus terminalis
groove separating the smooth and rough parts of the right
atrium?
A. Sinus venarum
B. Aortic vestibule
C. Crista terminalis
D. Sulcus terminalis
4. The superior vena cava of the heart opens into the superior C. Third
part of the right atrium, at the level of the _______ costal
cartilage.
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
5. The inferior vena cava of the heart opens into the inferior part C. 5th
of the right atrium, at the level of the _______ costal cartilage.
A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 5th
D. 6th
6. Which feature of the heart is comprised of an internal vertical C. Crista terminalis
ridge separating the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium?
A. Sinus venarum
B. Aortic vestibule
C. Crista terminalis
D. Sulcus terminalis
7. The ______ is the remnant of the foramen ovale in the fetus. B. Oval fossa
A. Annulus fossa
B. Oval fossa
C. Ductus arteriosus
D. Ligamentum arteriosum
8. The ______ valve of the heart guards the right D. Tricuspid
atrioventricular orifice.
A. Aortic
B. Pulmonary
C. Mitral
D. Tricuspid
9. Which structure of the heart has cortical muscular projections D. Papillary muscles
with the base on the ventricular wall?
A. Pectinate mucles
B. Sinus venarum
C. Trabeculae carnae
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
D. Papillary muscles
10. Which structure of the heart carries part of the right branch D. Septomarginal trabecula
of the AV Bundle and prevents over distention?
A. Aortic vestibule
B. Sinus venarum
C. Infundibulum
D. Septomarginal trabecula
11. Which valve of the heart is located at the apex of the conus B. Pulmonary
arteriosus and at the level of the third costal cartilage?
A. Aortic
B. Pulmonary
C. Mitral
D. Tricuspid
12. What passes posterior and to the right of the pulmonary A. Right coronary artery
trunk running in the coronary sulcus?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Left coronary artery
C. Great Cardiac vein
D. Middle Cardiac vein
13. Which branch of the coronary artery follows the coronary B. Circumflex
sulcus along the left border to the posterior border of the heart?
A. Marginal
B. Circumflex
C. Left anterior descending
D. Posterior interventricular
14. What accompanies the posterior interventricular branch and C. Middle cardiac
drains portions supplied by the right coronary artery and is a
tributary of the coronary sinus?
A. Anterior cardiac
B. Great cardiac
C. Middle cardiac
D. Small cardiac
15. The _______ vein accompanies the right marginal artery and D. Small cardiac
is a tributary of the coronary sinus.
A. Anterior cardiac
B. Great cardiac
C. Middle cardiac
D. Small cardiac
16. The fibers of the _________ plexus is located on the anterior A. Cardiac
surface of the bifurcation of the trachea.
A. Cardiac
B. Bronchial
C. Right Esophageal
D. Left Esophageal
17. Which spinal cord segments are responsible for cardiac pain C. T1 – T3
in the upper limbs and are also common to the visceral afferent
of the coronary arteries?
A. C1 – C3
B. C3 – C5
C. T1 – T3
D. T3 – T5
18. The _______ extends ________ from the superior thoracic B. Superior mediastinum, inferiorly
aperture to the transverse thoracic plane.
A. Superior mediastinum, superiorly
B. Superior mediastinum, inferiorly
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
C. Inferior mediastinum, superiorly
D. Inferior mediastinum, inferiorly
19. The plane of the sternal angle in the superior mediastinum is C. T4 – T5
between ______ and _______.
A. T1 – T2
B. T3 – T4
C. T4 – T5
D. T6 – T7
20. Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium and it A. Parietal layer
reflects onto the heart at the great vessels.
A. Parietal layer
B. Visceral layer
C. Epicardium
D. Myocardium
21. Pocket like recess in the pericardial cavity formed by the left B. Oblique pericardial sinus
atrium.
A. Coronary sinus
B. Oblique pericardial sinus
C. Transverse pericardial sinus
D. Ligamentum arteriosum
22. Forms most of the base of the heart. D. Left atrium
A. Right ventricle
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Left atrium
23. This valve is located at the level of the 4th costal cartilage, A. Mitral
with anterior and posterior
cusps only.
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Aortic
D. Pulmonary
24. This cardiac vein drains directly into the right atrium. A. Anterior
A. Anterior
B. Great
C. Middle
D. Small
25. The pericardium and heart constitute the _________ C. Middle
mediastinum.
A. Superior
B. Anterior
C. Middle
D. Posterior
26. The internal jugular and subclavian veins join to form the C. Brachiocephalic veins, sternoclavicular joints
_________ behind the sternal ends of the clavicles near the
____________.
A. Brachiocephalic veins, sterno manubrium
B. Brachiocephalic trunk, sterno manubrium
C. Brachiocephalic veins, sternoclavicular joints
D. Brachiocephalic trunk, sternoclavicular joints
27. The arterial-nervous plane of the superior mediastinum A. Right common carotid
consists of all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Right common carotid
B. Left common carotid
C. Left subclavian
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
D. Brachiocephalic trunk
28. Ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of _____________. B. Ductus arteriosus
A. Ductus venosus
B. Ductus arteriosus
C. Fossa ovalis
D. Annulus ovalis
29. Fibrous bond connecting bifurcation of pulmonary trunk to B. Ligamentum arteriosum
lower surface of the aortic arch.
A. Ligamentum teres
B. Ligamentum arteriosum
C. Sinus venarum
D. Aortic vestibule
30. The _________ nerves pass anterior to the root of the lungs, A. Phrenic, Vagus
while the ___________ nerve pass posterior to the root of the
lungs.
A. Phrenic, Vagus
B. Vagus, Phrenic
C. Phrenic, Left Recurrent Laryngeal,
D. Left Recurrent Laryngeal, Phrenic
31. The direct and main source/resource of “hematopoietic B. Yolk sac
tissue” from day 10 after fertilization up until 10th week Age-
of-Gestation:
A. Amniotic fluid
B. Yolk sac
C. Cloaca
D. Allantois
E. Neural tube
32. The direct source/resource of “hematopoietic tissue” from A. Maternal source (sinusoids) through developing placenta
zygotic period (day zero of life) until day 10 after fertilization:
A. Maternal source (sinusoids) through developing placenta
B. Yolk sac
C. Developing liver
D. Developing spleen, thymus, fats, lymph nodes
E. Developing bone marrow
33. The “mesodermal ridge” that will participate in the D. Splanchnic layer of the Lateral Plate
formation of involuntary cardiac muscles of the human heart
and involuntary smooth muscles of most blood vessels:
A. Axial
B. Paraxial
C. Intermediate
D. Splanchnic layer of the Lateral Plate
E. Somatic layer of the Lateral Plate
34. The only type of “ectodermal cells” that will directly C. Neural crest cells
participate in the formation of few but essential structures under
Human Cardiovascular System:
A. Surface ectoderm cells
B. Neuroectodermal cells
C. Neural crest cells
D. Placodal cells
35. First-to-arrive group of cells during cell migration that will A. Bulbous Cordis
participate in the development of “horseshoe-shaped” heart are
cells that will participate in the formation of:
A. Bulbous Cordis
B. Left Ventricle
C. Common Atrium
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
D. Sinus Venosus
36. Considered first “shape” of the primordial heart/cardiogenic A. Horseshoe-shape
field:
A. Horseshoe-shape
B. Cylindrical/tube-shape
C. Inverted pyramidal-shape
37. Considered first “location/position” of the primordial heart: D. Rostral to the developing “brain”
A. Inside the developing “thoracic cage”
B. At the level of the developing “face”
C. At the level of the developing “neck”
D. Rostral to the developing “brain”
38. The following structures of the Cardiovascular System are D. Epicardium, Endocardium and cardiac muscles of the
“Neural Crest Cells-derived”, EXCEPT for: Myocardium of the heart and most blood vessels of the
A. Blood vessels of the face, neck, and forebrain human body
B. Conotruncal Septum
C. Membranous part of the Interventricular Septum
D. Epicardium, Endocardium and cardiac muscles of the
Myocardium of the heart and most blood vessels of the human
body
39. The only germ layer that will NOT directly participate in the C. Endoderm
development of the different structures under Cardiovascular
System:
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
40. The following anatomical structures under Cardiovascular C. Left ventricle
System are derived from “Bulbous Cordis”, EXCEPT for:
A. Proximal halves of Pulmonary trunk and Ascending aorta
B. Conus infundibulum and Aortic vestibule
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
41. The following anatomical structures under Cardiovascular C. Conus infundibulum and Aortic vestibule
System are derived from “Conus Cordis segment of Bulbous
Cordis”:
A. Right ventricle and left ventricle
B. Proximal halves of the Pulmonary trunk and Ascending aorta
C. Conus infundibulum and Aortic vestibule
D. Distal halves of the Pulmonary trunk and Ascending Aorta
42. The “Proximal half of Pulmonary trunk and Proximal half of A. Truncus Arteriosus
the Ascending Aorta” are derivatives of what specific segment
of Bulbous Cordis:
A. Truncus Arteriosus
B. Conus Cordis
C. Primitive Trabeculated Right Ventricle
43. This mechanical embryonic process will change the SHAPE A. Lateral in-folding
of the developing heart of the embryo from an initial
“horseshoe-shape” into “tube-shape”:
A. Lateral in-folding
B. Cephalocaudal in-folding
C. Cardiac looping
44. This mechanical embryonic process will finally change the C. Cardiac looping
SHAPE of the developing heart of the embryo from “tube-
shape” into “inverted pyramid-shape” with inferiorly placed
ventricles and superiorly placed atria:
A. Lateral in-folding
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
B. Cephalocaudal in-folding
C. Cardiac looping
45. This mechanical embryonic process will change the B. Cephalocaudal in-folding
POSITION and LOCATION of the developing heart of the
embryo from the most anterior embryonic pole until it reaches
internum of the forming thoracic cage:
A. Lateral in-folding
B. Cephalocaudal in-folding
C. Cardiac looping
46. Period covered by “Cardiac-Looping”: B. Time: 23rd day – 28th day AOG
A. Time: 10th week AOG – 7th month of pregnancy
B. Time: 23rd day – 28th day AOG
C. Time: 27th day – 37th day AOG
D. Time: 10th day – 10th week AOG
47. Period covered by “Cardiac Septation” for valves & septa C. Time: 27th day – 37th day AOG
formation of the developing heart:
A. Time: 10th week AOG – 7th month of pregnancy
B. Time: 23rd day – 28th day AOG
C. Time: 27th day – 37th day AOG
D. Time: 10th day – 10th week AOG
48. Descriptions: Compare, B. PITX-2 on the left side during cardiac looping
PICTURE A represents SITUS SOLITUS (Normal)
arrangement of different anatomical structures of the fetus;
versus PICTURE B which showcases SITUS INVERSUS
(Reversed) characteristic position of the fetal heart only.
PICTURE A:

PICTURE B: DEXTROCARIDA (Right-Sided Heart, Apex of

the Heart projecting towards the Right)

QUESTION: What master lefty gene failed to be expressed on

the LEFT side of the developing heart that has led to this type of
congenital defect?
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
A. NKX-3.2 on the left side during cardiac looping
B. PITX-2 on the left side during cardiac looping
C. Snail gene on the left side prior cardiac looping
D. HAND-2 on the left side during cardiac looping
49. The master gene for “heart formation”: A. NKX-2.5
A. NKX-2.5
B. Snail
C. SHH
D. PITX-2
E. Brachyury
50. These genes expressed by Neural Tube are considered A. WNT-3a + WNT-8
“heart-inhibitors”:
A. WNT-3a + WNT-8
B. BMP-2 + BMP-4
C. Lefty-1 + Lefty-2
D. NKX-3.2 + NKX-2.6
A. HAND-1

51. This is a POSTNATAL TRANSTHORACAL

ECOCARDIOGRAPHY of the four chambers of the heart.
Image reveals incidental finding of Severe Hypoplastic
(Underdevelopment) of the LEFT VENTRCLE. This congenital
heart defect may be due to mutation or under expression of what
master gene?
A. HAND-1
B. NKX-3.2
C. T
D. Snail
E. FGF-3
52. These genes both expressed by Endoderm and Lateral Plate B. Cerberus + Crescent
Mesoderm are considered “inhibitors of heart inhibitors”:
A. PITX-2 + NKX-3.2
B. Cerberus + Crescent
C. BMP-2 + BMP-4
D. HAND-1 + HAND-2
53. This vitamin will commit “caudal cells” to remain caudal for B. Vitamin A
the formation of “Common Atrium & Sinus Venosus” of
horseshoe-shaped primordial heart:
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin B3
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin E
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
54. The “Right Anterior Cardinal Vein” will participate in the B. Superior Vena Cava
formation of:
A. Splenic Vein
B. Superior Vena Cava
C. Portal Vein
D. Superior Mesenteric Vein
E. Sinus Venarum smooth wall of the Right Atrium
55. The rudimentary “Eustachian Valve” of the Inferior Vena A. Upper half of the remaining segments of the Right
Cava is derived from: Venous Valves (RVV)
A. Upper half of the remaining segments of the Right Venous
Valves (RVV)
B. Endocardial Cushion
C. Septum Spurium (the fused superior halves of RVV & LVV)
D. Septum Primum of Common Atrium
E. Septum Secundum of Common Atrium
56. The Sixth (6th) Aortic Arch will differentiate into: E. Pulmonary artery
A. Maxillary artery
B. Stapedial artery and Hyoidal artery
C. Common carotid artery and Internal carotid artery
D. Subclvian artery
E. Pulmonary artery
57. The Second (2nd) Aortic Arch will differentiate into: A. Stapedial artery and Hyoidal artery
A. Stapedial artery and Hyoidal artery
B. Common carotid artery and Internal carotid artery
C. Arch of the Aorta
D. Ductus Arteriosus
58. The Third (3rd) Aortic Arch will differentiate into: C. Common carotid artery and Internal carotid artery
A. Maxillary artery
B. Stapedial artery and Hyoidal artery
C. Common carotid artery and Internal carotid artery
D. Arch of the Aorta
E. Ductus Arteriosus
59. The “Subcardinal Veins” will differentiate into: B. Renal veins of the kidneys
A. Intercostal veins of the thoracic wall
B. Renal veins of the kidneys
C. Common Iliac veins of the lower limbs
D. Left Seventh Intersegmental Artery

60. This is an Angiogram image showing absence of the whole

“Left Subclavian Artery” as pointed by an arrow. What
embryonic vessel failed to form that has led to this type of
congenital insult to branches of the Arch of the Aorta?
A. Left First Aortic Arch
 ANATOMY EVALS 7
RATIO
HEART AND MEDIASTINUM, AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CVS
B. Left Second Aortic Arch
C. Left Fifth Aortic Arch
D. Left Seventh Intersegmental Artery