Sieve Tray Design

The separation of a mixture of 60 mol per cent of A (MW = 78) and 40 mol per
cent of B (MW = 92) is to be effected by distillation in a packed tower at
atmospheric pressure, the feed being at its boiling point. The annual throughput
of 50 000 tons per annum corresponds to 13 100 lb/hr [1.65 kg/s] after allowing
for an annual shutdown. The rate of top product removal is to be 8000 lb/hr
[1.01 kg/s] and the column is operated with a reflux of A ratio of 4:1. The top
and bottom products should contain 95 per cent and 5 per cent benzene
respectively. The average column conditions give rise to the following data:

Average liquid density ρx = 43.3 lb/ft3 [695 kg/m3]

Vapour density at top and bottom of column respectively = 0.168 and 0.182
lb/ft3 [=2.69 and 2.92 kg/m3]

Average liquid viscosity μ = 0.32 cP [3.2 x 10-4 N s/m2]

Vapour liquid equilibrium data is presented in Table 5-2 and plotted in Figure
5-13.

The following assumptions are implied when using this method (McCabe, 1993):

a. Constant Molal Overflow. The molar flow rates of the vapor and liquid are nearly constant
in each section of the column. This also ensures the operating lines are straight lines.

b. Heat Effects are negligible. For example, heat losses to and from the column are small and
neglected.

c. For every mole of vapor condensed, another mole of liquid is vaporized.

d. The liquid and vapor leaving the tray is in equilibrium with the vapor and liquid entering
the tray.