Modifier

1. Pre-modify the Noun = Adjective ‡h Word noun or pronoun ‡K

(Beautiful = সুন্দর, Wonderful= অপূর্ব, we‡kwlZ K‡i Zv‡K Adjective e‡j|
Great= দুর্দ ান্ত, Famous= বিখ্যাত, Good= ভাল,
Popular= জনপ্রিয়, Rebel= বিদ্রোহী, Vital=
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, Neutral= নিরপেক্ষ, Little= ছোট্ট,
Lazy= অলস, Charming= মুগ্ধকারী, poor=
Mwie, dangerous=wec`RbK, etc. )
Example:
(a) Kazi Nazrul Islam was a --rebel/ popular-- (Pre-modify the noun) poet.
(b) He dreamt a –good-- (Pre-modify the noun) dream. (তিনি একটি ভাল স্বপ্ন দেখেছিলেন।)
(c) Cox’s Bazar is really a – Wonderful / Charming -- (Pre-modify the noun) place.
(d) I saw a -- red/black/new/old/Bangladeshi -- (Pre-modify the noun) car.
2. Present Participle = Verb + ing verb+ing ‡Kvb sentence Gi subject
(or use a Participle) (growing, playing, reading, speaking, wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡j †mUv‡K
writing, doing, completing, walking, Present participle e‡j|
Arriving, reaching, going...etc)
Example:
(a) -- Walking/ Playing -- (Use a Present Participle) is a good exercise. (nvuUv/‡Ljvayjv GKwU fv‡jv
Abykxjb)
(b) -- Completing/ Doing -- (Use a Present Participle) my M.B.A, I will get into a job.
(আমার এমবিএ শে‡l/ K‡i, আমি একটি চাকরিতে যাব।)
(c) -- Reaching/ Arriving/ Going -- (Use a Present Participle) home we found nothing.
(evwo‡Z †cuŠ‡Q Avgviv wKQzB cvBwb)
3. Past Participle = V3 v3 = verb Gi past participle.
(done, gone, eaten, liked, broken, written,
spoken, given..etc)
Example:
(a) I need a book which is -- written -- (Use a Past Participle) about geopolitics.
(আমার একটি বই দরকার যা ভূ -রাজনীতি সম্পর্কে লেখা।)
(b) The book -- given -- (Use a Past Participle) to you is good. (‡Zvgv‡K †`Iqv eBwU fv‡jv|)
4. Use an article/ determiner = a, an, the
Example:
(a) -- An/ The -- (Use an Article) old man lost his sight. (e„× gvbylwU Zvi `„wó nvwi‡qwQj|)
(b) Jamuna is -- The -- (Use a determiner) longest river in our country.
(c) – The -- (Use an Article) boy who got GPA-5 is my student. (জিপিএ -৫ পাওয়া ছেলেটি আমার ছাত্র।)
5. Use a Demonstrative =This, These, That, Those, Some. This= GB, GBUv| (wbKUeZ©x Ges
Singular)
This, These (present) These= GB¸‡jv| (wbKUeZ©x Ges
That, Those (past) Plural)
That= H, HUv| (`~ieZ©x Ges
Singular)
Those = H¸‡jv (`~ieZ©x Ges Plural)
Some= (Kv‡Q/`~‡i wKQz msL¨K
eySv‡j|)
Example:
(a) He has --some-- (Use a demonstrative) special qualities from childhood. (শৈশব থেকেই তাঁর কিছু বিশেষ গুণ
রয়েছে।)
(b) -- Those-- (Use a demonstrative) lovely sea birds are unforgettable. (H mvgyw`ªK my›`i cvwL¸‡jv fzjvi
g‡Zv bv|)
(c) Insert -- that -- (Use a demonstrative) picture that we selected yesterday. (past)
(d) Insert -- those -- (Use a demonstrative) pictures that we selected yesterday. (past)
(e) Insert -- this -- (Use a demonstrative) picture that we want.
(f) Insert -- these -- (Use a demonstrative) pictures that we want.

6. Use an Intensifier =So-ZvB/very-Lye/too-Lye/extremely-Pigfv‡e, কোন কিছু জোর দিয়ে/ বাড়িয়ে বলার জন্য
fully-cy‡ivcywi, surly-Zxeª, (really /actually/ intensifier ব্যবহার করা হয়। সবচেয়ে বেশী
ব্যবহার হওয়া intensifier হলো "very".
indeed- cÖK…Zc‡ÿ), definitely-¯úófv‡e,
certainly-wbwðZfv‡e, enough
Example:
(a) She worked -- very -- (Use an Intensifier) hard in his early life. (তিনি তার প্রথম জীবনে খুব কঠোর পরিশ্রম
করেছিলেন।)
(b) Masrafee is a – very -- (Use an Intensifier) good player.
(c) He is – so/ very/ extremely – (Use an Intensifier) happy as he has got his lost phone again.
(আবার তার হারিয়ে যাওয়া ফোন পেয়ে তিনি খুব খুশি।)

7. Use a Quantifier = (One, two, three...), Many, few, a few, very Quantifier word টি আসছে quantity থেকে যেটা
দ্বারা পরিমাণ বাচক অর্থ বোঝায়।
few, several. (Countable noun)
= Much, little, a little, very little.
(Uncountable).
= some, a lot of, any. (Both)
Example:
(a) I have bought -- two/ three/ many – (Use a quantifier) books yesterday from the book fair.
(b) There are -- many-- (use a quantifier) flowers in my garden.
(c) I have -- some -- (use a quantifier) money (u.n).

8. Use a Possessive = my, our, your, his, her, their, its my=আমার, your= তোমার, his/her=তার,
Sub Obj. Possessive their=তাদের, our=আমাদের, its=এটার
I (Avwg) me (Avgv‡K) my (Avgvi) -এগুলোকেই Possassive pronoun বলা হয়।
we (Avgiv) us (Avgv‡`i‡K) our (Avgv‡`i)
you (Zzwg, you (‡Zvgv‡K, your(‡Zvgvi,†Zvgv‡`
†Zvgiv) †Zvgv‡`i‡K) i)
he (‡m) him (Zv‡K) his (Zvi)
she (‡m) her (Zv‡K) her (Zvi)
they (Zviv, them (Zv‡`i‡K) their (Zv‡`i)
G¸wj)
it (Bnv) it (Bnv, Bnv‡K) its (Bnvi)
Example:
(a) In -- our -- ( Use a possessive) country people always tend to break the rule.
(আমাদের দেশে লোকেরা সর্বদা নিয়ম ভাঙার চেষ্টা করে।)
(b) Finally we reached -- our -- ( Use a possessive) destination. (অবশেষে আমরা আমাদের গন্তব্যে পৌঁছেছি।)
(c) They completed -- their -- ( Use a possessive) task. (Zviv Zv‡`i KvR m¤úbœ Kij|)
(d) You cannot complete – your -- (Use a possessive) studies.

9. Use an Infinitive = to + V1 (Kivi Rb¨) v1 = verb Gi present form.

to go (hvIqvi Rb¨), to speak (K_v ejvi Rb¨), to stop
(_vgv‡bvi Rb¨), to write (‡jLvi Rb¨), to remove (`~i
Kivi Rb¨), to prevent (cÖwZ‡iva Kiv), to complete, to
read, to finish, to buy, to help. etc.
Example:
(a) Some proper steps should be taken – to remove/to stop/ to prevent -- (Use an Infinitive) corruption.
( দুর্নীতি দূরীকরণে কিছু যথাযথ পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করা উচিত।)
(b) They went market -- to buy -- (use an infinitive) shirts.
(c) They reached there – to help – (use an infinitive) the poor. (দরিদ্রদের সাহায্য করার জন্য তারা সেখানে পৌঁছেছিল।)

10. Post modify the verb = Adverb ly hy³ adverb ¸‡jvB mvaviYZ
†ewk e¨eüZ n‡e|
(now/at this moment, almost, also, always,
ago, never, ever, very, well, sometimes, still,
too, more, most, once, quite, much, very
much, hard, soon.
(ly hy³ kã = early-ZvovZvwo, Slowly-
Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í, quickly- `ªæZ, properly-
mwVKfv‡e, highly-AZ¨šÍ, beautifully-
my›`ifv‡e, normally-mvaviYfv‡e,
attentively-g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q, mostly-
AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î, badly- Lvivc/gvivZ¥Kfv‡e,
etc))
Example:
(a) You have to study – properly/attentively – (Post modify the verb) to get a good grade.
(b) Work -- properly/attentively/carefully/tirelessly/hard – (Post modify the verb) until you are successful.
(আপনি সফল না হওয়া পর্যন্ত কঠোর পরিশ্রম করুন।)
(c) They finished the work – properly/carefully – (Post modify the verb)
(d) Post the letter – now/at this moment – (Post modify the verb). (চিঠিটি এখন/ এই মুহুর্তে পোস্ট করুন।)

11. Use an Appositive = Noun, + Noun = Noun, + 2q cwiPvqK Noun.

Example:
(a) Shakib Al Hasan, -- a cricketer --, (Use an Appositive) is the glory of BD cricket.
(সাকিব আল হাসান, একজন ক্রিকেটার, যিনি বাংলাদেশ ক্রিকেটের গৌরব।)
(b)  Kazi Nazrul Islam, -- a poet -- , (Use an apositive) wrote many poems.
(c) Dr. Md. Yunus, -- founder -- (Use an apositive) of Grameen Bank.
(d) Sheickh Hasina, -- the prime minister – (Use an apositive) of Bangladesh.

12 Use a Noun Adjective = Noun(adj) + Noun কোন noun noun ব্যবহার

এর পূর্বে যখন অন্য আরেকটি
noun টি আর noun থাকে না,
করা হয় তখন পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত
সেটি হয়ে যায় একটি adjective. তাই এটাকে বলা হয়
noun adjective.
Example:
(a) I saw a – school/ college – (Use a noun adjective) girl.
(এখানে school/college হল noun. কিন্তু "girl" noun এর আগে বসার কারণে এটি adjective এ পরিণত হয়ে গেছে।)
(b) He took rest under a – mango -- (Use a noun adjective) tree.
(c) He planted a big – mango – (Use a noun adjective) tree.