Pre task - Recognition

Individual work

Rafael Enrique Dominguez

Group 47
Identification number
8,766,027

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020 16-04
 Solution of the questions

Activity
Solve the following questions:
1. What is an electromagnetic wave?
Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a magnetic
field. They are hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. The electric field and magnetic
field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They are
also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.
The highest point of a wave is known as 'crest', whereas the lowest point is known as
'trough'. Electromagnetic waves can be split into a range of frequencies. This is known as
the electromagnetic spectrum. Examples of EM waves are radio waves, microwaves,
infrared waves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
2. What are the parameters in an electromagnetic wave?
Electromagnetic waves travel with a VELOCITY of 300 000 km/sec. The FREQUENCY of
radiowaves (oscillations per second) can be between 100 000 Hz and 300 000 000 Hz (100
kHz to 300 MHz). KEEP IN MIND there is a MINIMUM FREQUENCY of at least 30 kHz,
only oscillations above this minimum are propagated. The AMPLITUDE is the maximum
amount of electric field or magnetic field reached per one cycle. Electromagnetic waves
have obviously two components the electric and the magnetic part, both are positioned at
90° to each other. After leaving the aerial the direction of both components is not changed,
this means, we will receive the same waves under the same direction as they are
transmitted. The way how the waves are produced (concering the direction of the
components) is called their POLARISATION! Knowing this fact, we can easily understand
why the reception can be improved by the direction of the aerial.
3. What is electrical permittivity 𝜺 and magnetic permeability 𝝁 of a medium?
A parameter of free space or a material medium that serves as the constant of
proportionality between the magnitude of the force exerted between two point sources,
i.e., electric charges, of known magnitude separated by a given distance: The magnitude
of the force is defined by the relation F = (q1q2/4επd2)ad where F is the force the charges
exert on each other, q1 and q2 are the point-source electric charges, ε is the electric
permittivity of the medium in which they are embedded, π is approximately 3.1416, d is
the distance along the line between the charges, and ad is the unit vector in the direction
of d.
4. From the following wave equation:

𝟐𝝅
𝑬𝒚 (𝒙, 𝒕) = 𝑨 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒘𝒕 − 𝒌𝒙)𝒋̂ = 𝑨 𝒔𝒆𝒏 (𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒕 − 𝒙) 𝒋̂ = 𝑪𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒕 − 𝑪𝟑 𝒙)𝒋̂
𝝀
 where 𝑪𝟏 , 𝑪𝟐 and 𝑪𝟑 correspond to the last 3 digits of your identification.

Notice that in the equation:

CC: 8,766,027
𝑨 = 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟎

𝒘 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇 = 𝑪𝟐 = 𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑

𝟐𝝅
𝒌= = 𝑪𝟑 = 𝟕
?

Complete:
Parameter Variables and unit Description
Example: if 𝐶1 = 0, then It is the highest value of
a. Amplitude 𝑨. the wave oscillations
𝐴 = 0 𝑉/𝑚

Example: if 𝐶2 = 2, then It is also referred to

as temporal frequency,
𝑤 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 which emphasizes the
b. Frequency 𝒇 𝑓= = contrast to spatial
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
= 1.1 𝐻𝑧 frequency and angular
frequency.

Wavelength, distance
between corresponding
points of two consecutive
waves. “Corresponding
2𝜋 points” refers to two points
c. Wavelength 𝝀 𝜆= or particles in the same
𝑛2
phase—i.e., points that
have completed identical
fractions of their periodic
motion..

The phase velocity of

1.1 ∗ 103 2𝜋
Vp = f λ = a wave is the rate at which
𝜋 7
the wave propagates in
d. Propagation speed 𝑽𝒑 = 𝒇 𝝀 7 ∗ 103 𝑚
= some medium. This is
7 𝑠𝑒𝑔
the velocity at which the
phase of any
 one frequency component
of the wave travels.

The wavenumber (k) is

therefore
the number of waves or
cycles per unit distance.
2𝜋 Since the wavelength is
e. Wave number 𝒌 𝑘= = 7−1 𝑚 measured in units of
𝜆
distance, the units
for wavenumber are
(1/distance), such as 1/m,
1/cm or 1/mm.

Measures angular
𝑟𝑎𝑑 displacement per unit of
f. Angular frequency 𝒘 𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 7 ∗ 103
𝑠𝑒𝑔 time

The propagation of these

waves are compatible with
x the model of mathematical
g. Travel direction (𝒙, 𝒚 or 𝒛)
equations defined in
Maxwell's equations

It is the oscillation
h. Polarization direction (𝒊̂, ̂𝒋 or
j direction of the wave
̂)
𝒌
 References

Reference 1:
En el texto: ("PERMEABILIDAD Y PERMITIVIDAD", 2019)
Bibliografía: PERMEABILIDAD Y PERMITIVIDAD. (2019). Retrieved 2 September 2019,
from http://mesa960104.blogspot.com/2017/10/permeabilidad-y-permitividad.html
Chapter of an electronic book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of the book (pp.
xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from http: // ...