Joel Henry

ID#1224743

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF THE CARIBBEAN

MEL NATHAN COLLEGE

UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES DIVISION

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY & TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL

STUDIES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

COURSE NAME: THREE PHASE MOTORS & DRIVES

COURSE CODE: ENG1913

SUMMER SEMESTER: FINAL ASSESSMENT

AUGUST 2020

TIME: 1 WEEK
Joel Henry
ID#1224743

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL FOUR (4) questions. Each question value twenty-five (25)
marks.

Question 1 (25 Marks)

a) What is Electric Motors?

Ans. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. ... Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such
as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as
a power grid, inverters or electrical generators.
b) On what principle Electric Motor works?
Ans. An electric motor utilizes the magnetic effect of current. It works on the principle that
when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it, a force
acts on the coil which rotates it continuously
c) How many Types of Electric Motors are There?
Ans. There are at least a dozen different types of electric motors, but there are two main
classifications: alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). How the windings within AC
and DC motors interact with each other to produce mechanical force creates further
distinctions within each of these classifications.
d) What is AC Motor?
Ans. An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC
motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied
with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to
the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field.
e) What is DC Motors?
Ans. A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields.
What are the Applications of Electric Motor?
Ans. The applications of electrical motor mainly include blowers, fans, machine tools,
pumps, turbines, power tools, alternators, compressors, rolling mills, ships, movers, paper
mills.
f) What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of AC, DC Motors?
Ans. Advantages of Electrical Motor
 The primary cost of these motors are low compared with the fossil fuel engines, but the
horsepower rating of both are similar.
 These motors include moving parts, so the lifespan of these motors are longer.
 The capacity of these motors is up to 30,000 hrs as we maintained properly. So each
motor requires little maintenance
 These motors are extremely efficient & automatic control permits for automatic start &
stop functions.
Joel Henry
ID#1224743

 These motors don’t use fuel because they don’t require the maintenance of engine oil,
otherwise, battery service.
Disadvantages of Electric Motor

The disadvantages of these motors include the following.

 Large electric motors are not easily movable, and consideration should be made for the
exact voltage and current supply
 In some situations, expensive line expansions are mandatory for isolated areas where
electrical power is not accessible.
 Usually, the performance of these motors is more efficient.

g) What is Universal Motor?

Ans. The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC
power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field. It is a commutated
series-wound motor where the stator's field coils are connected in series with the rotor
windings through a commutator.
h) What are the Standards of Motor?
Ans.To harmonize efficiency classifications for motors manufactured and sold in the global
market, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) introduced the standard IEC
60034-30 : 2008, which was updated in 2014 and is now referred to as to IEC 60034-30-1 :
2014, “Rotating electrical machines

Question 2 (25 Marks)

a) What is meant by induction motor?

Ans. An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric
current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from
the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without
electrical connections to the rotor.
b) What are the two type of induction motor and which is usually preferred?
Ans. Single phase and three phase, three phase is normally the preferred of both
c) Why the induction motor is called asynchronous motor?
Ans. Induction motor works on the principle of induction i.e., when the power supply is
given to the stator, it produces rotating magnetic field which gets induced in the rotor
of induction motor causing rotor to rotate. As they run at Asynchronous speed they are called
Asynchronous motor.
d) Why the air gap b/w the stator core and rotor of an induction motor is made very small?
Ans. Stator and rotor are both made up of magnetic material usually silicon
steel, core medium has more permeability and hence less reluctance where as air has less
permeability and hence more reluctance. More the length of the air gap, more the leakage
flux leading to more power less.
e) Why the no. of poles of the stator and of the rotor of an ac motor should be equal?
Ans. It is well known fact that, the number of stator and rotor poles must be equal for the
production of net Electromagnetic Torque.
Joel Henry
ID#1224743

f) Why the exciting current of induction motor is so high as compared to the power
transformer?
Ans. The induction motor has an air gap, but the transformer has a core. The
magnetizing current in an induction motor is much larger than that of the transformer
Therefore, the leakage reactances of stator and rotor windings quite large compared to that of
a transformer.
g) How transformation ratio of induction motor is different as compared to power
transformer?
Ans. in induction motor is about 30-50 % of rated current whereas it is only 1-5% of rated
current in a transformer.

Question 3 (25 Marks)

a) What is required to start 3-Phase Induction Motors?

Ans. The three phase induction motor may be started by connecting the motor directly to the
full voltage of the supply. The motor can also be started by applying a reduced voltage to
the motor when the motor is started. The torque of the induction motor is proportional to the
square of the applied voltage.
b) What is the effect of staring of induction motor on connected line?
Ans. Most large induction motors are started directly on line, but when very
large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due
to large starting current surges.
c) Please describe the Methods of Starting 3-Phase Induction Motors?
Ans.The common methods used to start induction motors are: (i) Direct-on-line starting (ii)
Stator resistance starting (iii) Autotransformer starting (iv) Star-delta starting (v) Rotor
resistance starting Methods (i) to (iv) are applicable to both squirrel-cage and slip
ring motors.
d) How slip ring motors are started?
Ans. slip ring-rotor motor, is a type of induction motor where the rotor windings are
connected through slip rings to external resistance. ... When the motor reaches full speed the
rotor poles are switched to short circuit. During start-up the resistors reduce the field strength
at the stator.
e) Does starting torque is higher than full load torque?
f) Why Stator resistance starting is not recommended?
Ans.This method suffers from two drawbacks First, the reduced voltage applied to the motor
during the starting period lowers the starting torque and hence increases the accelerating time
secondly, a lot of power is wasted in the starting resistances. Therefore, this method is used
for starting small motors only.
g) What are the advantages of slip-ring induction motors over the squirrel cage motors?
Ans. High Starting torque with low starting current, Maximum starting can be
attained in the slip ring motor compared to squirrel cage motor by inserting an external
resistance in each phase of the rotor circuit and cutting the resistance during starting.

Question 4 (25 Marks)

a) Why the air gap b/w the stator core and rotor of an induction motor is made very small?
Joel Henry
ID#1224743

b) Why the exciting current of induction motor is so high as compared to the power
transformer?
c) How transformation ratio of induction motor is different as compared to power
transformer?
d) What is the effect of staring of induction motor on connected line?
e) Please describe the Methods of Starting 3-Phase Induction Motors?
f) Does starting torque is higher than full load torque?
g) What are the advantages of Autotransformer starting?