Communication's Final Exam

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1. The acronym WIIFM refers to d. The audience asking why the

a. The audience asking why the speaker is an expert on the subject subject/purpose is important to
b. the audience asking why the speaker has chosen the subject. them.
c. The audience asking how much research the speaker has done on the subject.
d. The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them.
2. "After a serviceman or woman leaves the military, he or she must find a use for the MOS." a. jargon
This is an example of ____.
a. jargon
b. cliché
c. euphemism
d. imagery
3. All of the philosophers cited in the text would have agreed with "the ends justify the b. False
means" in some form.
a. True
b. False
4. Although delivery can sometimes affect the response of an audience, generally audiences b. False
do not consider delivery as part of a speaker's credibility.
a. True
b. False
5. The analogy used in the book between an outline of a speech and the speech itself was a. A blueprint and a house
between
a. A blueprint and a house
b. A driver and a car
c. A map and a trip
d. A skeleton and a full body
e. Clothing and the body
6. An anecdote is best used in the conclusion to a persuasive speech because of the a. True
emotional appeal
a. True
b. False
7. "Anything that disrupts, interrupts, or interferes with the communication process" is d. noise
a. context
b. feedback
c. encoding
d. noise
8. Aristotle explained the concept of ethos as one of the sources of persuasion, in the Greek a. True
Classical Age. Our understanding of it today is somewhat different from his.
a. True
b. False
9. "A stable positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy" refers to c. attitude
a. belief
b. need
c. attitude
d. value
10. Attention is the audience members' responsibility and not something the speaker can b. False
directly affect.
a. True
b. False
11. Audiences are asking two basic questions while listening to a speaker. b. Why is this topic
a. How do we know it is true/How does this topic affect my world? important to me/Why
b. Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker? should I listen to the
c. What is the future of this topic/How much will this topic affect me? speaker?
d. What is your credibility as a speaker/Who are the major authorities on this
12. Because religion is private and personal for most people, the speaker does not need to consider the False
religion of his audience in preparing a speech.
True or False
13. Beliefs are true statements about the world around us that determine our behavior. False
True or False
14. Ben starts his speech this way: "Did you know that every year 2.7 million animals are euthanized in e. Two of these are
shelters? I don't know about you, but I find that number shocking. It's up to people like you to do true
something about this huge problem. In my speech I'll discuss this issue." Which is a good critique of this
introduction?
a. Ben does a good job of getting attention and explaining the purpose and preview.
b. Ben has a good start, but he doesn't give a source on the statistic.
c. Ben does not help his credibility with this introduction.
d. All of these are true.
e. Two of these are true.
15. The branch of philosophy that involves determinations of right and wrong is a definition for b. ethics
a. defamation
b. ethics
c. aesthetics
d. ontology
e. freedom
16. A central idea statement is the same as the specific purpose statement. b. false
a. true
b. false
17. Chronological organization can be divided into two types: short-term and long-term. a. True
a. True
b. False
18. Cognitive dissonance is a theory of persuasion that states the speaker should make the audience a. True
uncomfortable because they will move to a mental place where they are no longer uncomfortable.
a. True
b. False
19. Conclusions from inductive reasoning can be disproven by examples that contradict the pattern. a. True
a. True
b. False
20. A connective is a good place to insert a strong statistic for support. a. false
a. false
b. true
21. A connotative meaning for "red" could be _______. d. All of a-c
a. Communism
b. States that tend to vote Republican
c. Experiencing very strong angry emotions
d. All of a-c
22. The correct sequence for formulating your central idea statement is to start with how your own a. true
interests, your audience, and your speech context flow together to create the specific purpose and
then the central idea.
a. true
b. false
23. A definition could be thought of as _____. a. setting limits on a word
a. setting limits on a word or phrases meanings. or phrases meanings.
b. A standard idea of what the word means
c. The denotative instead of the connotative meaning of a word
d. Jargon
24. The definition "goals we strive for and consider important and desirable" refers to c. values
a. attitude
b. needs
c. values
d. beliefs
e. constructs
25. Demographic refers b. The outward traits or
a. Analyzing the audience characteristics of the
b. The outward traits or characteristics of the audience audience
c. Internal psychological characteristics of the audience members
d. To the traditional Greek word for the process of public speaking
26. "Diabetes is a disease affecting the endocrine system" is an example of d. classification and
a. operational definition differentiation
b. definition by contrast
c. definition by comparison
d. classification and differentiation
27. "Domain" refers to d. the section of the
a. the coding language used by web developers Internet that is made up
b. the first four letters and the punctuation of a website address of related sites
c. the type of browser one uses to access the web
d. the section of the Internet that is made up of related sites
28. Em Griffin described the way people view communication using games. Which one provides the best d. charades
comparison?
a. ping-pong
b. basketball
c. bowling
d. charades
29. "Fair use" is a part of copyright law that says students in classrooms can use a small amount of a. True
borrowed material in their assignments, such a quoting a popular song, since they aren't making
money from it.
a. True
b. False
30. A false dilemma fallacy b. forces listeners to choose
a. assumes that because one event occurs first, it has to cause what happens next. between two alternatives when
b. forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist, more than two alternatives exist,
and usually both are undesirable and usually both are
c. introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. undesirable
d. assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
e. attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue under discussion
31. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "Eliminating the space c. bandwagon or appeal to
program is clearly the right thing to do. A recent poll by CBS polling organization showed that popularity
65 percent of Americans thought we should abolish the program."
a. invalid analogy
b. false dilemma
c. bandwagon or appeal to popularity
d. false cause
e. hasty generalization
32. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "If we encourage elementary- e. slippery slope
school teachers to use computer gaming in the classroom, the students will spend less time
reading books. As a result, they will fall way behind in developing reading, writing, and
thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands."
a. red herring
b. invalid analogy
c. false dilemma
d. bandwagon or appeal to popularity
e. slippery slope
33. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "Why should we be concerned a. red herring
about climate change? There are human problems in this country, like poverty, that need our
attention."
a. red herring
b. either-or
c. slippery slope
d. hasty generalization
e. ad hominem
34. Freedom of expression is primarily an individual right and necessity. b. False
a. True
b. False
35. Having a climax pattern in a speech means that you d. Put the strongest argument or
a. Get louder in your volume as you move to the conclusion reason or information as the
b. Put the strongest material in the conclusion last point
c. Use an effective visual aid in the conclusion.
d. Put the strongest argument or reason or information as the last point
e. Put the strongest argument, reason, or information as the first point
36. How can movement/activity be applied as a factor of attention in a speech? b. Use transitions to keep the
a. Stay in one place without gestures because movement is too distracting to the audience. sense of movement in the
b. Use transitions to keep the sense of movement in the speech. speech.
c. Use lots of animated characters on the PowerPoint.
d. Use a video of some sort in a speech because those are moving images rather than
stationery ones.
37. How can you find relevant sources more quickly on an Internet d. use advanced search functions
search engine?
a. Only use one that doesn't provide advertising
b. Put quotation marks around some of your search words
c. Only use Google scholar
d. use advanced search functions
e. Use a metasearch engine
38. How does "time" affect a presentation? d. A-C are all true.
a. An audience may experience a speech very differently at one
time of day versus another.
b. Audiences can become unable to listen as well after a certain
number of minutes.
c. The organization or person who asks you to speak may have
expectations about time limits.
d. A-C are all true.
e. A-C are all false.
39. How is correctly citing in a speech different from in a paper? a. In a paper, the reader can look at the references page for
a. In a paper, the reader can look at the references page for full full information on a source, but listeners can't.
information on a source, but listeners can't.
b. In a paper, the reader only needs to know the name of the
source.
c. In a speech, the listener does not have to know if the material is
directly quoted verbatim or just paraphrased.
d. In a paper, the reader is not concerned with the credibility of
the source.
40. How is public speaking like other forms of communication such as b. It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence
conversation? on feedback.
a. Its emphasis is only on content of the message.
b. It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence on
feedback.
c. Its success is not related to nonverbal communication.
d. It demands an agenda or plan rather than letting the subjects
flow
41. How might you best approach a speech about Area 51 in Roswell, B. It can be an informative speech if you look equally at
New Mexico (rumored site of suspected alien activity)? both sides, pro and con, of whether aliens were there.
A. Do not do a speech on that subject for an informative speech
assignment.
B. It can be an informative speech if you look equally at both sides,
pro and con, of whether aliens were there.
C. Only do this speech for a persuasive speech about the existence
of aliens.
D. It is fine as a topic. Roswell is a real place, so it is good topic for
an informative speech.
Feedback
42. How would you explain a logical fallacy? c. it is a mistake in one of the standard reasoning processes,
a. it is means that the user of the logic will eventually be proven like generalization.
wrong
b. it is an untrue statement
c. it is a mistake in one of the standard reasoning processes, like
generalization.
d. it is using observation of the natural world
43. The idea of "free marketplace of ideas" originated from: b. 17th century England
a. The Bible
b. 17th century England
c. Greek Athenian Democracy
d. Roman Republic
e. 1960s' Supreme Court cases
44. If you are called upon to give an impromptu speech, what should you keep in a. quickly plan a basic structure to keep you
mind? on track
a. quickly plan a basic structure to keep you on track
b. tell the audience that it's impromptu so they won't evaluate you harshly
c. begin your speech with a light-hearted anecdote
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
45. If you construct a survey in your class about your speech topic and get your a. primary research
classmates' opinions, that is
a. primary research
b. source verification
c. information literacy
d. secondary research
46. If you have to give a 5:00 to 7:00 minute speech, what time should you shoot for b. About 6:00 in case you speak too fast or
in your practice? forget something and have to add it in at the
a. About 5:00, since you will slow down when you give the speech. last minute.
b. About 6:00 in case you speak too fast or forget something and have to add it
in at the last minute.
c. About 7:00, because you will probably talk too fast.
d. None of the above
47. If you were giving a speech on the need for labor unions to be strong in a. occupation
American society, which of the following would be the most relevant
demographic characteristic?
a. occupation
b. age
c. sexual orientation
d. education level
e. family status
48. The importance of ethics of communication has been debated since at least the a. True
classical Greeks' time.
a. True
b. False
49. "Information that has been compiled, filtered, edited or interpreted in some A. secondary sources
way" defines
A. secondary sources
B. academic sources
C. primary sources
D. peer-reviewed sources
50. An informative speech can under some circumstances have opinion as its basis. b. False
a. True
b. False
51. The introduction of the speech should be b. About 10-15% of speech
a. About 15-20% of speech time. time
b. About 10-15% of speech time
c. It doesn't matter
d. About 5-10% of speech time
52. An introvert is unlikely to become an effective public speaker. False
True or False
53. I respect Joni Tada for three reasons. c. Topical/part of whole

I. She has lived as a quadriplegic for almost 50 years.

II. She is a wise and winsome communicator.

III. She gives her life to helping those with disabilities.

This outline uses a _______ pattern of organization.

a. Cause-effect
b. Problem-solution
c. Topical/part of whole
d. Spatial
e. Chronological
54. ________ is sharing meaning between two or more persons b. Communication
a. Topoi
b. Communication
c. Ethos
d. Rhetoric
e. Symbolism
55. I. The first phase of the Civil Rights Movement was before 1955. c. Chronological

II. The second, major, phrase of the Civil Rights Movement was between 1956 and 1963.

III. The third phase of the Civil Rights Movement took place between 1963 and 1968.

This outline uses a _______ pattern of organization.

a. Spatial
b. Problem-solution
c. Chronological
d. Topical/part of whole
e. Cause-effect
56. It is best to remind the audience that you are at the conclusion of your speech two or three b. False
times.
a. True
b. False
57. Janna is giving a speech about reducing the amount of carbohydrates in our diets. She says, c. Janna should bring up
"Many people think that we should have six or seven servings of carbohydrates every day. But what people think, but not
they are wrong." so bluntly.
a. This is a good, direct approach.
b. This is the start of a good, direct approach.
c. Janna should bring up what people think, but not so bluntly.
d. She would be better off not to mention this idea about carbohydrates, as some will feel
offended and stop listening to her.
58. Jargon is ____. c. Language
a. telling the audience how they should think about a certain word. used in a
b. An overused expression like "cute as a button" specialized
c. Language used in a specialized field like medicine or the military field like
d. Using words that no one in the audience would understand medicine or
the military
59. John has been a member of an organization that advocates for criminal justice reform for ten years. He believes d. All of a-c
it is the primary problem facing our country today. He also works as a paralegal for the organization helping are true.
victims of the justice system. Which of the following is true about John's beliefs about criminal justice reform?
a. They would be stable because of his long-term commitment to the organization and issue.
b. They would be salient because of his career and how much time he spends in it.
c. They would be strong because of the support he gets from colleagues, co-members of the organization, and
what he reads.
d. All of a-c are true.
e. None of a-c are true.
60. John uses the word "deleterious" when speaking about side effects of a medicine to an audience of senior b. Probably
citizens. Should he? not.
a. Yes, it's fine.
b. Probably not.
61. Juana starts her speech like this: "Love is the most important human emotion. Webster's Dictionary defines love b. She resorts
as an intense feeling of deep affection. We all need love in our lives. Parents with children, friends with friends, to a pedantic
husbands and wives. Where would we be without love? My speech today will look at how you can express your method of
love more clearly to those around you." Which of the following is true about her introduction? introducing
a. She doesn't explain her purpose/central idea. her topic.
b. She resorts to a pedantic method of introducing her topic.
c. She builds her credibility.
d. All of a-c are true.
e. None of a-c are true.
62. Juan is asked by his employer without prior warning to say a few words in a meeting of eight sales b. No,
representatives about a project he's working on. From his seat, Juan tells about his latest conversation with a because Juan
client about one of the company's product, which is not what the employer wanted. Is this public speaking? lacks a
a. Yes, because he has content and has a relationship with his audience. purpose and
b. No, because Juan lacks a purpose and organization. organization.
c. No, because Juan is seated.
d. Yes, because there are at least five people there.
e. No, because his employer didn't like what he said.
63. Language use is mostly oral or spoken. a. True
a. True
b. False
64. Mary concludes her speech this way: "In the speech we have seen that organ donation saves lives, does not d. She
cause problems for grieving families, and is free for the donor. There are a lot of other good reasons that I could mentions
get into, but that should be enough to convince you to sign a donor card, and I have pamphlets here with other
instructions on how to do that. As the bumper sticker says, 'Don't take your organs to heaven. Heaven knows we material she
need them here." Which is a legitimate critique of it? didn't
a. This will offend people who don't believe in the afterlife. discuss.
b. She doesn't signal the end of the speech.
c. She doesn't ask them to do anything.
d. She mentions other material she didn't discuss.
65. Mary wants to use a short survey to prepare her class speech. Her thesis is "Drivers over the age b. It is not good because the
of 75 should be retested to renew their drivers licenses every two years." Her first question is wording is biased.
"Do you oppose or support stricter regulations on elderly drivers to keep the roads safer?"
Critique her first question.
a. It is not good because it will be hard to put into an electronic survey.
b. It is not good because the wording is biased.
c. It is not good because the wording is biased.
d. It is good because she will know her audience's specific attitudes prior to her speech.
e. It's good because it gives two clear choices.
66. The meaning of an abstract is ___. d. a summary that
a. an active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain accompanies articles in
b. a process where others scholars have judged a source to be accurate according to the databases
disciplines research processes
c. information that is not filtered by interpretation or editing
d. a summary that accompanies articles in databases
e. the means through which a message gets from sender to receiver
67. The meaning of connotative is ___. c. the subjective or personal
a. generalizing about a group of people meaning a word or symbol
b. a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy evokes in people together
c. the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual or individual
d. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols
e. a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics
68. The members of an audience the speaker most wants to persuade and who are likely to be b. target audience
receptive to persuasive messages constitute the
a. core audience
b. target audience
c. projected audience
d. intended audience
e. focus audience
69. Minimizing distance between the speaker and the audience is a way to influence the attention a. True
level of the audience in a positive way.
a. True
b. False
70. Models of communication are helpful in understanding it, but limited because ___ a. communication is a
a. communication is a dynamic process dynamic process
b. communication has fifteen or more components
c. communication is too simple for depictions as models.
d. All of a-c are true.
e. None of a-c are true.
Feedback
71. Monroe's Motivated Sequence takes the basic problem-solution format and expands it. a. True
a. True
b. False
72. Ned wants to give a speech in his class about a subject he is very interested in, his band. b. He needs to reword the specific
He feels he is an expert because of his experience. His specific purpose is "To inform my purpose statement mostly to focus
classmates why starting a band is a cool idea." Which of the following is a reasonable on the communication word being
response to this specific purpose statement? fulfilled in the speech.
a. He is an expert but no one in his class will care about the subject and will think he is
bragging.
b. He needs to reword the specific purpose statement mostly to focus on the
communication word being fulfilled in the speech.
c. His specific purpose statement violates at least two of the guidelines in the textbook so
he should trash it and get a different topic.
d. It is good; he is an expert and his audience will be interested.
73. One of the important things to work on in practicing with an audience is eye contact. a. True
a. True
b. False
74. One of the problems with smaller audience size is that audience members may feel it is all a. True
right to interrupt.
a. True
b. False
75. One of the purposes of a connective is to keep the audiences attention through repetition b. true
and sense of movement.
a. false
b. true
76. One reason that deductive reasoning can be wrong is that the major premise is a false a. True
statement.
a. True
b. False
77. One rhetorical device used by speakers is euphemism. Which one is an example of a. The combatants were victims of
euphemism? friendly fire.
a. The combatants were victims of friendly fire.
b. That happened out of the blue.
c. The patient is NPO until Tuesday when we can do surgery.
d. The puppy was cute as a button.
78. One way that emotions in an audience can be activated is by the speaker's use of visuals. a. True
a. True
b. False
79. Organization of speech ideas and materials involves three steps, in this order: ordering, b. False
labeling and subordinating.
a. True
b. False
80. Persuasion means inducing audience members to change. What does that mean? a. The audience must see the cost
a. The audience must see the cost of change as less than the benefit of the change. of change as less than the benefit of
b. Since we make many changes in life, persuasion is relatively easy. the change.
c. The speaker should present change as large, clear, and challenging.
d. Change is a pleasant procedure.
81. The philosophy of existentialism emphasizes that we are trapped by systems of other b. False
people and have limited control over our choices.
a. True
b. False
82. Pick the expression that is a metaphor. d. She is a Janis Joplin when she gets on a stage.
a. She sings like a rock star.
b. She sings energetically and in a raspy voice.
c. She sings, she dances, she acts—she has all the talents.
d. She is a Janis Joplin when she gets on a stage.
83. Picture Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Pick the correct sequence, going from a. Physiological, safety/security,
lowest to highest. love/belongingness, self-esteem, self-
a. Physiological, safety/security, love/belongingness, self-esteem, self- actualization
actualization
b. Physiological, self-esteem, self-actualization, love/belongingness,
safety/security
c. Physiological, love/belongingness, self-esteem, safety/security, self-
actualization
d. Love/belongingness, self-esteem, physiological, safety/security, self-
actualization
84. Planned redundancy is not relevant to introductions and conclusions. b. False
a. True
b. False
85. ________ plus ________ equals Persuasion b. information, change
a. arguments, emotion
b. information, change
c. structure, problems
d. information, benefits
e. arguments, change
86. Practice makes perfect, according to the textbook c. True under some circumstances
a. True
b. False
c. True under some circumstances
87. Practicing with an audience is unnecessary because it cannot prepare you for b. False
the real experience.
a. True
b. False
88. The presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech spoken in a a. extemporaneous
conversational manner using brief notes is
a. extemporaneous
b. memorized
c. impromptu
d. manuscript
89. The purpose of the lectern is to _____. b. Hold speakers' notes
a. Keep the speaker in one place to avoid movement.
b. Hold speakers' notes
c. Help speaker hide signs of nervousness
d. All of the above
90. The red herring fallacy refers to statements that introduce an irrelevant issue a. True
to divert attention from the subject under discussion
a. True
b. False
91. The relationship or connection a speaker makes with the audience is d. rapport
a. anecdotal
b. the grabber
c. rhetorical
d. rapport
e. inspiration
92. A rhetorical question is used to get the audience to respond and start discussing the topic among b. False
themselves.
a. True
b. False
93. "Rhetoric" is the word originally used for c. public
a. credibility of the speaker speaking
b. freedom
c. public speaking
d. ethical communication
94. The set of three statements that exemplifies deduction (such as, "All DSC students are intelligent," etc.) is c. A syllogism
called
a. A generalization
b. An enthymeme
c. A syllogism
d. A fallacy
95. Slippery slope arguments are so common that if someone claims an argument is a slippery slope, it probably b. False
is.
a. True
b. False
96. "Someone with recognized credentials, knowledge, education, and/or experience in a subject" is _________. b. an expert
a. a peer
b. an expert
c. a primary source.
d. a secondary source
e. a researcher
97. Sometimes a speaker's credibility is influenced by qualities such as sense of humor, appearance, and apparent a. True
friendliness.
a. True
b. False
98. A speaker's credibility is consistent throughout a speech. b. False
a. True
b. False
99. A speaker's credibility is improved by use of clear and respectful language. a. True
a. True
b. False
100. A speaker should generally think about topic before purpose. b. false
a. true
b. false
101. The speaker should state the source of the quotation used in an introduction before giving the quotation. a. True
a. True
b. False
c. It depends on the subject matter.
102. A speaker wanting to use humor in his/her presentation should be sure to practice the joke or anecdote to a. True
maximize its effectiveness.
a. True
b. False
103. The specific purpose statement has three sections: the specific communication word, the target audience, and b. true
the content
a. false
b. true
104. The specific purpose "To convince my audience to volunteer at the next Special Olympics event" is a proposition d. policy
of
a. value
b. fact
c. definition
d. policy
105. The specific purpose "To persuade my audience that sex education reduces teen pregnancy" is a proposition of b. fact
a. value
b. fact
c. definition
d. policy
106. Speeches should contain from three to six main points. a. False
a. False
b. True
107. Speeches that are given with little or no preparation, "spur of the moment" are a.
a. impromptu impromptu
b. manuscript
c. extemporaneous
d. memorized
108. Speeches that are read to the audience are ________ speeches. b.
a. impromptu manuscript
b. manuscript
c. memorized
d. extemporaneous
109. A speech starts with these two sentences: "Picture this incident: It's an average school day, and you come to e.
campus, park, walk to class. In the middle of class, you hear gunshots in the hall way. . . ." This is example of hypothetical
a. stipulated definition narrative
b. organic description
c. peer testimony
d. probative example
e. hypothetical narrative
110. A speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my audience the evidence supporting that Lee Harvey Oswald b. False
assassinated President Kennedy in a conspiracy" is a viable informative speech topic.
a. True
b. False
111. A speech with the specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the United States government official policies a. True
toward alien research" is a viable informative speech topic.
a. True
b. False
112. A state of experiencing "significant and persistent fear when in the d. phobia
presence of or anticipating the object of fear" is the scholarly definition
of
a. glossophobia
b. mindset
c. anxiety
d. phobia
113. Statistics are numbers used in speeches. b. False
a. True
b. False
114. A straw man argument takes place when b. a speaker takes a weak or faulty but small part of an
a. someone asserts that lack of proof for the opposite proves the claim opponent's position and blows it up out of proportion.
is true
b. a speaker takes a weak or faulty but small part of an opponent's
position and blows it up out of proportion.
c. only two possible options are given, neither of which are favorable.
d. one incident is said to cause the next one then next one then next
one, with an inevitable bad outcomes
115. A "symbol" is c. A word, icon, picture, object, or number that is used
a. Direct or indirect messages sent from a receiver to the sender to stand for or represent a concept
b. The process of making meaning from a message
c. A word, icon, picture, object, or number that is used to stand for or
represent a concept
d. The subjective or personal meaning evoked by a word
116. "Taking one characteristic of a group or person and viewing that as the b. Totalizing
whole of what the person or group is" is the definition of
a. Stereotyping
b. Totalizing
c. Audience analysis
d. Psychographic characteristics
Feedback
117. The term "probative" means ______ a. giving proof or evidence of a point
a. giving proof or evidence of a point
b. providing an explanation
c. a story or narrative type of supporting material
d. a story that could be true but hasn't necessarily happened.
118. The textbook refers to ______ as "bottom-up thinking" and ______ as "top- c. induction, deduction
down" thinking.
a. analogical, induction
b. generalization, deduction
c. induction, deduction
d. deduction, induction
e. induction, generalization
119. The textbook's preferred definition of persuasion _____. a. notes that persuasion is a symbolic process
a. notes that persuasion is a symbolic process
b. does not require that the persuasion be ethical
c. recognizes that persuasion is an action done to an audience
d. says that persuasion is about the changing of beliefs and attitudes
only
120. "The ability to recognize when information is needed and the ability to locate, evaluate, and use it effectively" is B.
A. research information
B. information literacy literacy
C. primary research
D. secondary research
121. There are two types of outlines: preparation and speaking. b. true
a. false
b. true
122. "The system of learned and shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group from another" a. culture
is
a. culture
b. channel
c. feedback
d. communication
123. This definition "Quid pro quo sexual harassment can be seen when a supervisor asks a subordinate for a date, is a.
refused, and then put the employee on second shift instead of first." operational
a. operational definition definition
b. definition by contrast
c. definition by comparison
d. classification and differentiation
124. This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have A Dream Speech. "One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still b.
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the anaphora
Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years d.
later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land." Figurative
Which rhetorical devices does he use? (check all that apply) language
a. hyperbole and
b. anaphora metaphors
c. alliteration
d. Figurative language and metaphors
125. To do more specific Internet research, use _____. D. a and b
A. quotation marks around the search term
B. use the Advanced Search function
C. only use .gov and .edu sites
D. a and b
E. b and c
126. Tom and Brianna go to a lecture by a well-known author who has been invited to campus. The topic is immigration. d.
At the end they have coffee with friends who also attended. Tom thinks the speaker provided good reasons for his decoding
position on immigration, but Brianna and others don't remember his arguments, only some personal stories. This is
an example of
a. encoding
b. feedback
c. denotative meaning
d. decoding
127. Tomas ends his speech with this example. "We have an opportunity today to affect our society in the same way a. True
that our grandparents and great-grandparents did, not by going to war against a foreign enemy attacking our
shores, but by attacking the internal enemy of hunger and poverty that threatens us on the same way." He is
trying to inspire his audience with this statement
a. True
b. False
128. "To persuade my audience that the newly developed CRISPR genetic technology is morally unjustifiable" is a c. value
specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
a. fact
b. definition
c. value
d. policy
129. The type of speech delivery we use in this class is b.
a. manuscript extemporaneous
b. extemporaneous
c. memorized
d. impromptu
130. Under normal circumstances the conclusion should constitute about 5-10% of the total speech time. a. True
a. True
b. False
131. Using research properly relates to the ethics and effectiveness of a speech. a. True
a. True
b. False
132. Using the term "professional golfer" instead of "athlete" is an example of concrete language instead of a. True
abstract.
a. True
b. False
133. Using your credentials and believability in your speech is an example of what Aristotle called a. ethos
a. ethos
b. kairos
c. pathos
d. demos
e. logos
134. The value of a strong preparation outline is ____. e. All of a-d
a. It allows you to see the relative importance of ideas.
b. It allows you a good foundation for practice.
c. It makes you as a speaker include all the parts of a good speech.
d. It allows another person to have a clear idea of what you will say.
e. All of a-d
135. Websites with .org in the address are reliable and unbiased because they refer to nonprofit organizations b. False
that are not trying to make money.
a. True
b. False
136. Well-practiced delivery can make up for gaps in preparation and content. b. False
a. True
b. False
137. What constitutes factors of good posture? c. roll shoulders
a. feet about two inches apart back
b. knees locked
c. roll shoulders back
d. place feet on the lectern
e. all of the above
138. What delivery techniques are good for introductions? e. B and C
a. Speak very quickly to signal energy and involvement to the audience.
b. Memorize or learn your introduction very well to maintain eye contact.
c. Begin saying your introduction only after standing behind lectern.
d. A and B
e. B and C
139. What fallacy is committed in this argument? "I don't think that the checkout workers at a. hasty generalization
Kroger are very friendly. I tried to strike up a conversation with one last week, and
with one a month ago, and they did not respond."
a. hasty generalization
b. appeal to authority
c. appeal to tradition
d. false cause
e. argument from silence
140. What is a problem with using a cause-effect organizational pattern? c. The time involved to develop causes
Select one: and effects is probably longer than
a. It is only good for persuasive speeches. most speech assignments.
b. An effect-cause organization pattern is better.
c. The time involved to develop causes and effects is probably longer than most
speech assignments.
d. None of a-d
141. What is a standard about using startling material in the introduction? d. All of a-c.
a. It must be factual; otherwise, you have an ethical problem.
b. It should be backed up (According to)
c. It should be relevant to your topic.
d. All of a-c.
e. Two of a-c.
142. What is meant by extemporaneous speech? d. A speech based on an outline, which
a. A speech type rarely given in public speaking classes. provides flexibility in preparation and
b. A speech where the time limits do no matter; the origins of the word are ex="outside" delivery.
and temp= "time."
c. A speech based on a full manuscript.
d. A speech based on an outline, which provides flexibility in preparation and delivery.
143. What is missing from this definition of public speaking, according to the textbook? "A d. a and b above
face-to-face attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people through
words, physical delivery, and visual or audio aids."
a. the concept of organization
b. the concept of intentionality
c. the concept of nonverbal communication
d. a and b above
e. b and c above
144. What is the best use of hands in a speech? c. to use them to emphasize meaning
a. place them behind your back and points
b. to hold note cards
c. to use them to emphasize meaning and points
d. to be placed quietly at your sides
145. What is the idea behind the canons of rhetoric? c. It is a set of laws for organizing a
a. It is a way orators in early America learned how to dramatically deliver their speech.
speeches.
b. It is a traditional way of explaining the process of public speaking
c. It is a set of laws for organizing a speech.
d. It is a way to write a speech textbook.
146. What is the main value of extemporaneous speaking? b. it allows
a. it requires less preparation than manuscript speaking flexibility to add or
b. it allows flexibility to add or subtract points or information subtract points or
c. it does not require eye contact information
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
147. What kind of reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? "Politicians who are guilty of corruption c. deductive
do not deserve to be reelected. Last year our U.S. representative was proved to be corrupt by her use of
campaign donations for personal financial gain. Therefore, our U.S. representative does not deserve to be
reelected."
a. analogical
b. sign
c. deductive
d. generalization
e. casual
148. What statement is repeated multiple times in this chapter? d. Practice your
a. Monotone and monorate come from lack of passion for the subject. speech beforehand
b. Practice makes permanent the way you will
c. Eye contact is the most important aspect of delivery give it in class.
d. Practice your speech beforehand the way you will give it in class.
149. What type of connective is this? So far in the speech I have discussed the purpose of the Eifel Tower in a. internal summary
French history and who its designers were."
a. internal summary
b. internal preview
c. signpost
d. bridging statement
150. What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates A. history
the development of the football's design"?
A. history
B. processes
C. biography
D. ideas or concepts
E. categories or divisions
151. What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates B. biography
the life of Mother Teresa"?
A. processes
B. biography
C. history
D. categories or divisions
E. ideas or concepts
152. What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates E. processes
the sequence of steps in getting a tattoo"?
A. history
B. ideas or concepts
C. biography
D. categories or divisions
E. processes
153. What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain C. categories or divisions
to my classmates the types of clubs in a golfer's bag"?
A. biography
B. history
C. categories or divisions
D. ideas or concepts
E. processes
154. What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To inform E. ideas or concepts
my audience about the legal definition of privacy"?
A. history
B. biography
C. processes
D. categories or divisions
E. ideas or concepts
155. What word means "statements that cannot be argued"? D. irrefutable
A. rebuttal
B. informative
C. propositional
D. irrefutable
E. refutational
156. "Wheaties cereal is the healthiest of the major brands of cereal. Basketball player Kyrie a. inappropriate appeal to authority
Irving says so." This quotation is an example of
a. inappropriate appeal to authority
b. appeal to pity
c. Leading question
d. Ad hominen
e. appeal to majority
157. When choosing evidence, choose evidence your audience is unlikely to have been a. True
exposed to before hearing your speech.
a. True
b. False
158. When people talk about being frightened by public speaking, they are mostly afraid of b. False
the preparation part.
a. True
b. False
159. When speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental a. True
dialogue with your audience.
a. True
b. False
160. When the major premise of a deductive argument is omitted to cover the fact that the d. An enthymeme
premise is a stereotype, untrue statement, or opinion, it is called
a. A syllogism
b. A generalization
c. A fallacy
d. An enthymeme
161. When the textbook discusses the concept of "reservations," it means ____. c. the rebuttals the audience is
a. refutation thinking about during the speech
b. two-tailed arguments
c. the rebuttals the audience is thinking about during the speech
d. the audience sensing discomfort from the topic
162. When the textbook states "Public speaking requires muscle memory" it means public True
speaking is a physical activity that relies on practice.
True or False
163. When trying to persuade a hostile audience, you should directly mention their b. False
objections and then continue with your arguments for the proposition. (Remember that
hostile in this context means they disagree with your proposition, not that they are
violent.)
a. True
b. False
164. When we say something is inspirational or inspiring, it means it challenges us to follow b. False
specific rules, standards, or advice.
a. True
b. False
165. When we say that values, needs, beliefs, and attitudes are "constructs," we mean b. they are a way of describing and
a. they are not real understand sources of human behavior
b. they are a way of describing and understand sources of human behavior
c. they are only important to psychology
d. they only matter in North American and European cultures
166. When you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to e. begin by defining what the value
a. focus on a climax order in your points. word means.
b. organize the speech according to Monroe's Motivated Sequence.
c. organize the speech according to Monroe's Motivated Sequence.
d. deal with all three basic issues of need, solution, and solvency.
e. begin by defining what the value word means.
167. Which is a common error made by beginning speakers in writing specific purpose a. trying to cover too wide an amount
statements? of material
a. trying to cover too wide an amount of material
b. using their own interests and background to select a purpose/topic
c. trying to keep the central idea statement separate from the specific purpose
statement
d. trying to write their introduction last
168. Which is a good central idea statement? e. In today's market, a consumer can
a. Life Insurance: Three types, three approaches purchase three types of life insurance:
b. To inform my audience about the three types of life insurance available on the level term, decreasing term, and whole
market today. life.
c. To persuade my audience about the three types of life insurance they can buy.
d. I want to talk to you today about the kinds of life insurance you can buy.
e. In today's market, a consumer can purchase three types of life insurance: level term,
decreasing term, and whole life.
169. Which is an example of an expert that you would want to use in a speech? c. A person about whom you could
a. A person who won a Pulitzer Prize. give credentials and background in the
b. A person whose name is known to the audience. field under discussion.
c. A person about whom you could give credentials and background in the field under
discussion.
d. All of a-c
e. None of a-c
170. Which is an example of a primary source? B. A journalist interviewing veterans back from the Middle
A. A communication scholar writing an article about what scholarly East
journal articles say about self-disclosure.
B. A journalist interviewing veterans back from the Middle East
C. A technical writer writing a researched report for her supervisor on
the best copiers for the company to buy.
D. A student using the digital catalog at his college's library to write a
speech.
171. Which is an example of the concept of chunking? b. Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories
a. Using only two or three main points in your speech. of steps in a demonstration speech.
b. Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a
demonstration speech.
c. Being sure to eliminate any pieces of information that do not fit
into your main points.
d. Being sure all your main ideas/points support the specific purpose
statement.
172. Which is a researched-based observation about how men and women d. men are socialized to solve problems even when it's
communicate differently? not expected
a. Women interrupt more
b. women talk more than men
c. Men insert "hedges" such as "I'm not sure about this"
d. men are socialized to solve problems even when it's not expected
173. Which is good advice on using humor? d. Practice your humor (whether joke or story) before
a. Consult joke books for good ideas for introductions. others before using it in the speech.
b. Present a humorous anecdote as if it happened to you personally.
c. Repeat humor you heard from one of your favorite comedians.
d. Practice your humor (whether joke or story) before others before
using it in the speech.
174. Which is not a general purpose for a speech? c. to articulate
a. to inspire
b. to inform
c. to articulate
d. to persuade
e. All of a-d are correct.
175. Which is not a type of connective? e. All of a-d are types of connectives
a. internal preview
b. internal summary
c. bridging statement
d. signpost
e. All of a-d are types of connectives
176. Which is not good advice for using statistics in a speech? c. Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech
a. Give the original source of the information. devoted to statistical material.
b.
Put the statistics in context or give the background, especially if you
did the original research.
c. Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech devoted to
statistical material.
d. Round the statistics in a reasonable way to avoid overload on your
audience.
e. All of these are bad advice.
177. Which is the correct order of the credibility that an audience c. Initial credibility, derived credibility terminal credibility
experiences toward a speaker during a speech? \
a. Initial credibility, derived credibility, outcome credibility
b. Initial credibility, terminal credibility, derived credibility
c. Initial credibility, derived credibility terminal credibility
d. Outset credibility, developmental credibility, terminal credibility
178. Which is true about a fact? b. Someone can cite who discovered the fact and how
a. it is published in a book. other authorities have supported it
b. Someone can cite who discovered the fact and how other
authorities have supported it
c. Most people base their opinions on facts they know.
d. Facts can easily be discarded or disproven.
179. Which is true about attention as a psychological principle? b. What we pay attention to is affected by past training or
a. Human brains can pay attention to two things at once equally but educational experiences.
not three sources of stimuli.
b. What we pay attention to is affected by past training or
educational experiences.
c. Attention behavior is not particular to the individual.
d. Attention is automatic rather than intentional behavior.
180. Which is true about defamation? a. it is a false statement of fact
a. it is a false statement of fact
b. it does not include opinion
c. the standards for public officials and private persons are the
same
d. it does not damage a person's character
181. Which is true of your audience in terms of organization of a. There are limits to the amount of categories or "points"
speeches? that an audience can keep in their minds.
a. There are limits to the amount of categories or "points" that an
audience can keep in their minds.
b. They have to have analogies to understand concepts.
c. They have to have the subject divided into three main points.
d. As adults, they can remember any order or number of points.
182. Which of the following are true about practice? e. All of the above.
a. Practice out loud
b. Practice standing up
c. Practice with your visual aids
d. Practice with a lectern
e. All of the above.
183. Which of the following are true about the difference between e. all of these are true
perception and attention?
a. attention is "the allocation of limited resources," saying that we
cannot give attention to many things at once
b. perception is not the same as sensing or taking in sensory
impulses
c. attention is basically focus
d. although people's perceptions can differ, attention is even more
individual and often due to choice
e. all of these are true
184. Which of the following does not fall into the realm of plagiarism, a. Paraphrasing a source that you cite
according to Plagiarism.org cited in the textbook?
a. Paraphrasing a source that you cite
b. Copying so many words and ideas that it forms the majority of
your work.
c. Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source
without giving credit
d. Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation.
185. Which of the following is a basic objective of a speech e. All but one of a-d
introduction?
a. Gain attention of the audience
b. Establish rapport with the audience
c. Give a sense of finality to the speech
d. Provide the direction of the speech with a thesis and preview
e. All but one of a-d
186. Which of the following is a factor of attention? b. conflict
a. illustrations
b. conflict
c. numerical facts
d. color
e. pauses in a speech
187. Which of the following is a good use of statistical material in a b. Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts,
speech? like the national debt to the distance to the moon.
a. Saying "This next section is about statistics on this problem, so
pay close attention."
b. Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts, like
the national debt to the distance to the moon.
c. Being very precise on statistics, such as down to the .01 place,
so that the audience knows you've done your research
d. Only provide a source when the statistics may sound unusual to
the audience
188. Which of the following is not a contextual circumstance that a b. group affiliation of the audience
speaker should consider?
a. reason for the audience being together
b. group affiliation of the audience
c. length of time allotted for presentation
d. physical space
189. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for evaluating a website's c. its use of APA or MLA documentation
value for your research?
a. its objectivity
b. the credentials of the person who wrote the information
c. its use of APA or MLA documentation
d. the reason that the website was created
e. how recently the website was updated
190. Which of the following is not a psychographic characteristic c. emotion
according to textbook?

Select one:
a. value
b. belief
c. emotion
d. need
191. Which of the following is not one of the canons of rhetoric? d. Appearance
a. Memory
b. Delivery
c. Disposition
d. Appearance
e. Invention
192. Which of the following is not true about listening, according to d. Good note-taking is transcribing as much of what the
the textbook? speaker says as possible.
a. The first step for improving listening is to recognize its
importance.
b. Your preconceptions about a speaker or message can be a
barrier to listening well.
c. Using your cellular devices distracts you and others
d. Good note-taking is transcribing as much of what the speaker
says as possible.
193. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the conclusion of a e. All of a-c are true
speech?
a. It should contain some type of summary.
b. It should introduce new ideas for the audience to think about
c. One good method is to tie the conclusion back into the
introduction.
d. All of a-c are untrue
e. All of a-c are true
194. Which of the following is NOT true? a. Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant
a. Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience.
amount of detailed information to your audience.
b. It is acceptable to emulate effective techniques and
strategies that you see other speakers use.
c. A good way to start learning to be a public speaker is to
know your strengths
d. Staying within the given time limits is a priority for a speaker
195. Which of the following is protected under the First c. Reading an Internet website about how pipe bombs are built.
Amendment?
a. Making a false statement of fact that damages another
person's character, fame, or reputation.
b. Speech that is likely to incite a mob or crowd to violence.
c. Reading an Internet website about how pipe bombs are built.
d. Threats to the life of the President of the U.S.
196. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for anxiety in public b. A mindset that the speech must meet a
speaking? standard of perfection.
a. Being an extravert.
b. A mindset that the speech must meet a standard of perfection.
c. Recognizing that an unsuccessful speech given in the past was a one-time
event and not a universal case.
d. Not eating correctly before the speech
197. Which of the following is suggested for addressing anxiety about public b. Examine your own thoughts about why you are
speaking? anxious.
a. Practice outside of the room several times and enter exactly at the
moment you are scheduled to speak.
b. Examine your own thoughts about why you are anxious.
c. Ignore the unknowns as you prepare since you cannot control them.
d. Think of your audience in embarrassing or humiliating situations.
198. Which of the following is the best paraphrase for the following passage? a. According to an Associated Press report in May
"Millions of dollars' worth of disaster-relief projects already are on hold as of 2018, because the Federal Emergency
the Federal Emergency Management Agency's funding sinks to dangerously Management Agency has extremely low funding,
low levels. Facing the cash shortage, the federal agency has had to prioritize it is not able to deliver the disaster relief needed
projects in the wake of this year's devastating tornadoes, hurricanes, and in this year of weather disasters. The Agency has
other disasters" (Associated Press Report, May 31, 2018). to decide which are the most important or
a. According to an Associated Press report in May of 2018, because the serious.
Federal Emergency Management Agency has extremely low funding, it is
not able to deliver the disaster relief needed in this year of weather
disasters. The Agency has to decide which are the most important or serious.
b. Many millions of dollars for disaster-relief projects are already waiting as
the Federal Emergency Management Agency's funding sinks to extremely
low levels. Facing the shortage of needed cash, FEMA has had to prioritize
projects in the wake of this year's disastrous tornadoes, hurricanes, and
earthquakes. This information comes from the Associated Press on January 31
of this year.
c. The Associated Press says the government does not have enough money
right now to help disaster victims.
d. All are acceptable paraphrases.
e. None are acceptable paraphrases.
199. Which of the following is true about using a microphone? b. Clip-on style microphones work fine as well as
a. A microphone makes your voice clearer as well as louder. you don't look down and speak directly into it.
b. Clip-on style microphones work fine as well as you don't look down and
speak directly into it.
c. Handheld microphones are generally the most functional.
d. All microphones are essentially the same in how they work.
200. Which of the following statements is true, according to the textbook? d. The audience will not see your nervousness to
a. Feedback in public speaking is largely verbal. the degree you feel it.
b. Historical context of a communication event means the kind of
relationship the senders and receivers have.
c. You should practice your speech by going over it in your head while
driving.
d. The audience will not see your nervousness to the degree you feel it.
201. Which of the following would you most likely find in a speech introduction? a. A startling statement or fact
a. A startling statement or fact
b. A causal argument
c. A transition
d. An internal summary
e. A lengthy quotation
202. Which of these is an example of writing style as a test of a website? D. all of a-c
A. tone
B. errors
C. use of name-calling
D. all of a-c
E. none of a-c
203. Which of these is not a contributing factor to a speaker's credibility? b. ethnicity
a. similarity
b. ethnicity
c. good will
d. character
e. competence
204. Which of these is not a test for evaluating a website? D. country of origin
A. currency/recency
B. writing style
C. purpose
D. country of origin
E. objectivity
205. Which of these philosophers claimed that ethical actions are those we would do d. Immanuel Kant
ourselves and desire everyone else in the world to do.
a. Jean-Paul Sartre
b. Quintillian
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. Immanuel Kant
e. John Stuart Mil
206. Which of these statements is not true? a. Empathetic listening takes place when
a. Empathetic listening takes place when listening to music, poetry, or literature. listening to music, poetry, or literature.
b. Research supports the idea that our level of memory from oral communication is
not very high.
c. Hearing is a physical process involving sound waves and brain activity.
d. Comprehensive listening is focused on understanding and remembering important
information from an oral message.
207. Which of these statements is true about organization of speeches? c. All audiences need organization and
a. The specific purpose statement and the thesis are essentially the same thing. need help understanding the
b. The KISS principle means that speeches should stick to three main points. organization.
c. All audiences need organization and need help understanding the organization.
d. As you progress through the speech, the time spent on each main point should get
longer.
208. Which organizational pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific a. Cause-effect
purpose: "To describe reasons for the results of the Black Lives Matter Movement?"
a. Cause-effect
b. Topical/part of whole
c. Chronological
d. Spatial
e. Problem-solution
209. Which organization pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific d. Problem-solution
purpose: "To persuade my audience to support stricter drug testing for Olympic
athletes"?
a. Topical/part of whole
b. Chronological
c. Spatial
d. Problem-solution
e. Cause-effect
210. Which statement is not necessarily true about a central idea statement? a. it is identical to a thesis statement as
a. it is identical to a thesis statement as you would do for English Composition class. you would do for English Composition
b. it can use personal pronouns. class.
c. it should have the same content/focus as the specific purpose statement
d. it must be a full grammatical statement
211. Which statement is not true about attitude? a. It is similar to mood.
a. It is similar to mood.
b. It is studied a great deal.
c. It is closely linked to action or behavior.
d. It is about the positive or negative response to something or someone
212. Which statement is true about speaker credibility? a. Citing reliable sources can add to your
a. Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker. credibility as a speaker.
b. Credibility does not need logical and emotional support to keep it strong
c. A speaker will have equal credibility with all audiences.
d. All are true
e. A and c are true
213. Which statement is true about the action step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence? c. it should specify immediate, small
a. it is the third step in the sequence. actions that can be taken to address the
b. it should explain why the problem is significant. problem
c. it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the
problem
d. it is only found in the conclusion
214. While books are great tools for research, they D. Often contain information that is much
A. Are not indexed electronically in the library older than the book's copyright date.
B. Are too focused in scope to be of use to a researcher
C. Are biased because the writer received money for his/her opinion.
D. Often contain information that is much older than the book's copyright date.
215. Why is it best to consider persuasion as a change or movement in the audience's d. all of a-c
mind that happens on a continuum or range over time?
a. So that you can see any movement toward the right as progress
b. So that you can be realistic about not moving the audience from -3 to +2
c. So you can get a visual idea of where your audience is "located" on the range
d. all of a-c
e. none of a-c
216. Why is planned redundancy necessary? b. Oral communication is linear and
a. Audiences do not know how to listen to speeches. doesn't provide for "looping."
b. Oral communication is linear and doesn't provide for "looping."
c. It helps control how much information the speaker can dump on the audience.
d. It relieves the audience from listening intently to the speech.
217. Why should you avoid clichés? d. all of a-c
a. Some of them are not understood even though people use them a lot.
b. They are predictable and therefore stale.
c. Some of them can be offensive to some ethnicities
d. all of a-c
e. none of a-c
218. Works that are published on an ongoing, regular basis are called A. periodicals
A. periodicals
B. monographs
C. academic journals
D. annual
219. Your best friend has a brother who has had Type I diabetes since childhood. You are going to give a d. The friend's
speech in class about how Type I diabetes affects family members. You use your friend as expert insights are valuable
testimony. Which of these is a reasonable view of this choice? as peer testimony.
a. This is legitimate because your friend has grown up around Type I diabetes and has a long-term
understanding of it.
b. This is not legitimate because the friend is not a medical professional.
c. This is not legitimate because it's not a published source.
d. The friend's insights are valuable as peer testimony.
220. Your voice should have variety or variation in which of the following? e. all of the above
a. rate
b. volume
c. pitch
d. pauses
e. all of the above
221. You should approach the concept of your audience's demographic characteristics both positively and True
negatively.
True or Flase
222. You should try to achieve eye contact during ___ % of your speech. c. 80%
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 80%
d. 60%