ASSESSMENT OF FIRE PROTECTION COMPLIANCE

OF EVSU-LUNA CAMPUS

A Project
Presented to the Faculty of the
Engineering Department
Eastern Visayas State University-Ormoc City Campus
Ormoc City

____________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

___________________________________________________

Morales, Kevin S.
Calarion, Jayson G.
Mahilum, Roger Jr. B.
Abe, Ronie John
Cadorna, Christian B.

JANUARY 2020
 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE ………………………………..……………………………………………. i

APPROVAL SHEET …………………………………...………………………………....iv

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………...v-vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………..…..viii

CHAPTER 1. THE PROBLEM

Introduction …………………….……………………………………………….….……. 1

Objectives ……………………….…………..…………………………………….….…. 2

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………………….3

Conceptual framework ……………………….………….…………………………..…. 3

Hypothesis ………………………………………………………………………..….….. 4

Scope and Limitation……………………………………………………………..…….. 4

Significance of the Study ……………………………..…………………………..…….4-5

CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Types of Construction …………………………….………………………….…...…… 6

Fire proof Construction ……………………………………………………….…….…. 6

Non-combustible Construction …………………………………………….……….… 6

Exterior Protected Construction …………………………………………………...…..7

Fire safety in buildings, structures and facilities, (R.A 9514 or fire code of the Philippines
of 2008…………….………………………………………………………….…………. 7-8
 iii

How Fire compliance in EVSU Luna Building works ……………………....……… 9-10

CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY

Research Locale ………………………….…………………………………….…...…11-12

Research Design ……………………………………….………………………..…….. 13

Research Procedure ……………………………………………………………..……. 13

Research Instruments ……………………………………………………………...…. 13

CHAPTER 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Presentation of data ………………………………………………………………...… 14-17

Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………. 18

CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

Summary ………………………………………………………………………..……... 19

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………..…….……... 19

Recommendation ………………………………………………….…..……………… 20

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………… 21

APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………..…… 22
 iv

APPROVAL SHEET

The research entitled “ASSESMENT OF FIRE PROTECTION COMPLIANCE

OF EVSU-LUNA CAMPUS,” prepared and submitted by Jayson G. Calarion, Ronie
John Abe, Kevin S. Morales, Roger Mahilum Jr. and Christian Cadorna in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is
hereby accepted and recommended for Oral Examination.

JAYSON G. CALARION KEVIN S.

MORALES
Member Member

ROGER JR. B. MAHILUM

Member
RONIE JOHN T. ABE CHRISTIAN B. CADORNA
Member Member

ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Bachelor of

Science in Civil Engineering.

ENGR.VICENTE M. DUALLO
Instructor, Department of Engineering

APPROVED by the Tribunal at the Oral Examination with the grade of_____________

ENGR. RUDERICO M. ENDRIANO JR., RCE JOEL REY U. ACOB

Chairman Vice- Chairman

DR. JOEL M. CAPALA, REE, MSManEng. ENGR. RECHEL O. CALIWAN,

RCE
Member Member

ENGR. VICENTE M. DUALLO

Instructor, Department of Engineering
 v

ABSTRACT

In this study, we notify how important the Assessment of Fire Compliance in a

building constructed. It is the primarily concern of an Engineer when they design a
building to establish safety measurement.

According to Unifour Fire & Safety, that the industry you work in determines the
exact fire safety methods you should pursue, nearly every commercial building benefit
by following these suggestions:

• Keep storage areas and hallways clean and organized. Clutter can fuel a growing

fire or block access to emergency exits.

• Dispose of combustible materials properly. For example, you should discard oiled

rags and cooled ashes in a sealed metal container.

• Provide fire extinguisher training for all new employees and repeat training once

a year.

• Lock up your building at night to help prevent arson activity.

• Report any electrical hazards and equipment malfunctions to proper authorities.

• Make sure employees only smoke in designated areas.

• Create an evacuation plan and post escape route information in public areas on

each floor of your building.

• Post emergency contact information next to all telephones for quick access if a

fire breaks out.

 vi

With regards to this study it comprises the Fire Safety of EVSU-Luna Campus
that the building constructed there are maximum used of noncombustible materials. All
the elements such as beams, columns, lintel, floor and roofs, load bearing wall or
partition wall was constructed in such a way that they should continue to function as
structural members at least for the period of time which allows for the occupants to
escape. Along to this study it has a congruency between the General Objective and the
Statement of the Problem where they got the answer of the main purpose of this study.
In the scope of limitation, it only focuses the Eastern Visayas State University Luna
Campus whether they are Fire compliance or not.

In chapter II of Review of the Literature and the Studies, they were discussing the
following topics based on their statement of Problem:
• Type of Construction
• Fire Construction
• Non-Combustible Construction
• Exterior Protected Construction
• Fire Resistant Glass for window
• Fire Code of the Philippines
• And others

These items were elaborated based on the research gather from different
resources person and references specifying that in construction all structural elements
of exterior wall are of non-combustible materials. Fire resistance requirements for all
elements can range from 0 to 1 hour. A fire protection compliance of EVSU Luna
Campus a building is one which develop and improve the safety compliance by term of
fire protection. In the presentation of data, it proved that EVSU Luna Campus passed to
the standard dimension according to its components which are; rooms, windows, fire
exits, doors and stairs. In terms of the fire equipment only sprinkler was not established
inside the building, but other equipment was established like, fire alarm and fire
extinguisher.
 vii

The conclusion state that EVSU-Luna complied the standard criteria in terms of
the 5 dimensions of engineering buildings and fire equipment was display inside the
campus. Furthermore, such this study recommends based on the study conducted that
every exit of the building or structure be arranged and maintained to provide free and
obstructed egress from all thereof fastening devices that would prevent escape from
inside of any building shall be installed.
 viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge and express our gratitude to the people who
give their support and contribution to the creation of this research.
Dr. Danilo A. Pulma, Eastern Visayas State University Ormoc City Campus
Director, for his sincere fidelity in upholding the legacy of the University.
Engr. Ruderico E. Endriano, Engineering Department Head, for his unending
guidance and support to the students of EVSU-OCC especially the Engineering
students.
Engr. Vicente M. Duallo., our undergraduate research instructor, for his
Patience, diligence and enormous helpful advice's in creating this study which were
contributory for completion of this research study.
To our dear parents and guardians who supported us in our needs from the
beginning till the end.
And above all, to our GOD Almighty, for the life, knowledge, wisdom and
guidance which were beneficial in fulfilling in this study. May all praise and
Thanksgiving to our lord
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the study

Fire has been both friend and foe to mankind. Confined and controlled, it warms
dwellings, powers machinery, and makes production of new materials possible. When
escapes controlled confine, fire destroy lives, properties and businesses. Examples of
the destructive potential of uncontrolled fire range from historic fire which virtually
destroyed great cities such as Rome, London, Chicago, and Manila, to more recent
Urban-wild land interface fire in Southern California (Reference: "Urban-Wild land
Interface Fires- The Case for Non-combustible Construction Masonry Today, Vol. 6,
No.1, Summer 1996). Events such as these have prompted people to review causes,
evaluate means of minimizing reoccurrence and institute provision for fire protection.
Elements of fire protection that can minimize loss of life and property include use of
non- combustible building materials, use of fire resistive building assemblies, installation
of automatic detection device and sprinklers, and development of improved firefighting
techniques. Fire protection provision of modern building codes are rather complex blend
of these active and passive fire protection requirement with an increasing reliance on
automatic detectors and sprinklers to assure life safety. However, the role of non-
combustible building materials and fire resistive assemblies in fire protection provision
must not be overlooked or diminished.

Construction in which the floors, walls, roof and other components are built
exclusively of none combustible materials with fire endurance ratings equal to or greater
than those mandated by law. In fire protection compliance of EVSU LUNA buildings, the
maximum used of noncombustible materials should be encouraged. All the structural
elements such as beams, columns, lintel, floor and roofs, load bearing walls or partition
walls etc. Should be constructed in such a way that they should continue to function bus
structural members at least for the period which allows for the occupants to escape.
 2

OBJECTIVE

To assess the fire protection compliance among school engineering buildings.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What are the dimensions of five engineering buildings of EVSU-OCC, in terms of;
1.1 doors,
1.2 windows,
1.3 rooms,
1.4 fire exit, and
1.5 Stairs?
2. What is the fire related features of the buildings, in terms of:
2.1 fire alarm,
2.2 fire extinguisher,
2.3 Fire exit?
3. What is the recommendation can be done based on the findings of this study?
 3

Definition of terms

SPRINKLER – is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply

system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system.

EGRESS – is another word for exit and is used in building code to refer to the means by
which someday, a fire escape.

OCCUPANCY – is the number of times a room is sold to guest and thus occupied.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE - light is well suited for traffic lights and signals light, exit
signs, emergency vehicle lightning.

CORRIDOR – is along hall onto which several rooms open, or a strip of land or airspace
through foreign -held territory, or a heavily populated strip.

DOORWAYS – an entrance to a room or building through a door.

RAMP – is a user’s, as well as people pushing strollers, carts, or other wheeled objects,
to more easily access a building.

PASSAGEWAY – is a hall or a walkway that connects one area to another.

FIRE RESISTANCE – rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire. Heat
buildup and spread rapidly, with little room for escape and little chance of
compartmentalization.

FUME – is a gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale.

SMOKE DETECTOR – is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator devices

issue a signal to a fire.

LINTEL – is a structure horizontal block that spans the escape the space opening
between two vertical supports.
 4

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

5 EXISTING
ASSESMENT OF
BUILDING OF
BUILDING STUDY AND
EVSU LUNA
ON THE 5 DIMENSISION
CAMPUS

DIMENSSION STANDARD OF
BUREAU OF FIRE
PROTECTION

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study.

 5

HYPOTHESIS

Fire protection compliance of EVSU LUNA CAMPUS buildings.

Ho – There is no significant on fire protection compliance of EVSU LUNA campus

buildings.
H1 – The fire protection compliance of EVSU LUNA campus buildings has complied the
standard criteria of the fire code of the Philippines.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The present study focused about fire protection compliance of EVSU Luna
campus at Brgy. Luna Ormoc City, Leyte a performed by civil engineering students
in Eastern Visayas State University - Ormoc city campus. It aims to promote and
develop the safety of the students in terms of hazardous effect of fire.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study covers the following sector:

1. The students - the fire protection compliance could help the people in the
University for securing their safety in term of the hazardous effect of fire. We all
know that some buildings of EVSU could not meet the requirement of fire protection.
As researchers, we know that this research could help the improvement and
development of the safety in EVSU especially in Luna buildings.

2. The university - this study will give idea to the future student, having this data
they will be much easier for them to think and compare some new idea to some old
idea to create a much better strategy or plan in making the life of students more
safety and convenient in studying.

3. Future Researcher – to the future researcher that have the courage and
ability to improve the site industry.
 6

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND STUDIES

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

There are four types of construction the fire construction, non-combustible

construction, exterior protected construction, fire resistant glass for window.

FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION

Construction of building that resist fire damage and prevent the spread of fire.
Fireproof building containing only no burning components, such steel, terra cotta,
plaster and concrete. Fire resistance requirements can range from 3 to 4 hours.
Buildings may be used as high-rise office building or school building. For Building 15m
in height or above.
Fire resistance requirements have the following ratings as range. Exterior bearing walls:
3 to 4 hours. Interior bearing wall: 2 to 4 hours’ columns:2 to 4 hours. Beams, girders
trusses and arches: 2 to 4 hours. Floors: 2 to 3 hours. Roof: 1-1/2 to 2 hours

NON- COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION

Construction using masonry materials, bricks, or concrete on the outside walls of

the structure. And non-combustible materials for the roof and floor. For building 15m in
height or above. Fire resistance requirements can range from 2 to 3 hours. Buildings
may be used as office building. Fire resistance requirements shall have, as a minimum,
the following ratings.
Exterior bearing walls: 0 to 2 hours. Interior bearing walls: 0 to 2 hours. Columns: 0 to 2
hours. Beams, Girder, Trusses, arches: 0 to 2 hours. Floors: 0 to 2 hours. Roof: 0 to 2
hours.
 7

EXTERIOR PROTECTED CONSTRUCTION

Construction in which all structural elements of exterior wall are of non-

combustible materials. Fire resistance requirements for all elements can range from o to
1 hour. Building may be retail store mixed occupancy, dwellings, and apartment
building. Only the exterior load bearing walls shall be non- combustible or limited
combustible and shall have as a maximum 1-hour rating. They also may be required to
be protected and to have the following fire resistance rating. Interior bearing walls: 0 to
1 hour. Columns; 0 to 1-hour beams, girders, trusses, arches: 0 to 1 hour. Floor: 0 to 1-
hour roof: 0 to 1 hour.

FIRE RESISTANT GLASS FOR WINDOW

Glass is a poor conductor of heat and expand little during heating. Cracks are
form in glass when it is cooled after heating. Windows, important for visibility and light,
can nonetheless be a fire hazard. Even before a window is in direct contact with flames,
the intense heat of a nearby fire can cause the glass to break and a broken window
allows flames to enter a building easily. In addition, the heat from a fire outside might be
enough to simply ignite flammable items inside a home without a direct contact. To
protect your house, consider installing fire resistance window. One example is dual
paned glass window, which double the time it would take for a fire break the windows.
The outer layer will break first before the inner layer.

FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES (R.A. 9514 or fire

code of the Philippine of 2008)

General Requirements

A. Every building or structure, new or old, designed for human occupancy shall be
provided with exits enough to permit to fast and safe escape of occupants in case of fire
or other emergency.
 8

B. Every buildings or structure shall be designed, constructed, equipped, maintained

and operated to avoid danger to the lives and ensure safety of its occupants from fire,
smoke, vapor and fumes, during the period of escape from the building or structure.

C. Every building or structure shall be provided with exits of kind, number, location and
capacity appropriate to the individual building or structure, with due regard to the
character of the occupancy, the number of people exposed, the fire protection available
and the height and type of construction of the building or structure, to afford all
occupants convenient facilities

D. Every exit of the building or structure shall always be arranged and maintained to
provide free and unobstructed egress from all parts thereof. No look or fastening
devices that would prevent escape from the inside of any building shall be installed
except in mental, penal, or correctional institution where personnel are continually on
duty and effective provisions are made to evacuated occupants in case of fire or other
emergencies.

E. Every exit shall be clearly visible. The route to the exit shall be conspicuously marked
in such a manner that every occupant of a building or structure will readily know the
direction of escape. Each route of escape, in it’s entirely, shall be arranged or marked
that the way to a place of safety outside is unmistakable. Any doorway not constituting
an exit shall be marked to minimize its possible confusion as an exit. Likewise, passage
constituting a way to reach an exit shall be marked to minimize confusion.

F. Fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided in every building or structure of such
size, arrangement, or occupancy, to provide adequate warning to occupants.

G. Every building or structure, section or area thereof of such size, arrangement and
occupancy such that reasonable safety of several occupants may be endangered by the
blocking of any single means of egress remote from each other, so arranged as to
minimize any possibility that both maybe blocked by any one fire or other emergency
condition.
 9

H. Every vertical way of exit and other vertical opening between floor of a building shall
be suitable enclosed or protected to afford reasonable safety of occupants while using
exit and to prevent spread of fire, smoke or fumes though vertical opening from floor to
floor before.

HOW FIRE PROTECTION COMPLIANCE OF EVSU LUNA CAMPUS BUILDINGS

WORK

A fire protection compliance of EVSU Luna a building is one which develop and
improve the safety compliance in EVSU in term of fire protection

MEANS OF EGRESS

Means of egress - a continuous and unobstructed way of travel from my point in

a buildings or structure to a public way consisting of three separate and distinct part: (1)
the exit access, (2) the exit, and (3) the exit discharge.

Components of means of egress:(1) Doors, (2) Stairs, (3) Horizontal exit, (4) ramps (5)
Exit passageway, (6) Fire escape stair, ladder and slide escape (7) Illumination of
means of egress, and (8) Exit markings.

Table.1 capacity of means of egress

STAIRWAYS Level component (w/p)

(width/person)
AREA
mm in mm in

High Hazard 18 0.7 10 0.4

All other 7.6 0.3 5 0.2

FIRE PROTECTION (section 10. 2.9.5)

 10

1. Installation of any or all the following pre-engineered suppression system.

a. ceiling type fire suppression system using other extinguishing agent w/

automatic heat and smoke detection.
b. Liquefied gaseous fire suppression system in high hazard areas w/n the
buildings premises or structure.

2. Installation/ provision if portable fire protection for the different type of hazard in any
type of occupancy shall be increased by 20% from standard requirements.

3. Provision/Installation of dry and wet standpipes.

OCCUPANCY LOAD

a. Actual occupants load and egress capacity for all Kinds of occupancies must not

exceed the established occupants load standard for any type of occupancy.

CHAPTER 3
 11

METHOLOGY

This chapter comprehend to discuss the method and procedures used in this study,
which includes the description of how fire protection compliances of EVSU Luna Building
research locale, research design, research procedure, research instrument and data gathers.

RESEARCH LOCALE

Figure 2. Map of EVSU- Ormoc City Luna Campus

 12

Figure 3. L BUILDING

Figure 4. ANGARA BUILDING

Figure 5. LABORATORY BUILDING

Located at Brgy. Luna Ormoc city and it takes 15 minutes ride from city to EVSU
LUNA CAMPUS and having a 5 buildings. This Campus is an elevated place and the
area of the campus is 2 hectares.
RESERCH DESIGN
 13

The researchers used the descriptive-evaluative design of research since the

main objective of this study is to assess the fire protection compliance of the school
buildings of the engineering department in terms of 5 identified dimension.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

 Consent from the dean of CE

 BFP to obtain data for a standardization
 Obtain measurements based on the 5 dimensions
 Analysis of data
 Interpretation of data
 Submission of reports

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The instruments we used are as follow

 Measuring tape – used to measure the rooms, windows and stairs.

 Phone- for documentation.

CHAPTER 4
 14

PRESENTATION OF DATA

PRESENTATION OF DATA

This chapter is the presentation of the data have been gathered. Comparing the
room’s dimensions to the standard dimensions.

Table 2. Comparing rooms to the standard dimension.

STANDARD BUILDING
REMAR
COMPONENTS DIMENSION K

LAB. A CCNA L

 ROOM 7m X 8m 6.9mX8.3 7.99mX8.95m 6.8mx8.6 6.85mx8.8 room A

m 7m passed
others
are
acceptab
le
 WINDO 0.6m X 1.2m 1.2mX1.25 W1(1.19mx1. 1.2mx1.5 .6mx1.6
WS m 59) passed
W2(1.19mx2.
39)
 FIRE ATLEAST 2
EXIT DOOR WAY
IN 2 DOORS 2 Doors 2 2DOORS passed
EVERYROO DOORS
M.
(0.8X 1.23m)
 DOORS .9Mx2.1M . 1mx2.1 . .9mx2.11m passed
91mx2.1m 84mx2.4
m

 STAIRS 750MM IN
CLEARWID
TH RISE
RUN 200MM

The table below is the check list of fire equipment of a 4 building of EVSU LUNA
CAMPUS that have a fire equipment.
 15

Table 3. Building having a fire equipment

FIRE EQUIPMENT BUILDING

LAB. BLDG. A BLDG. CCNA L BLDG
BLDG.

FIRE ALARM
   ___________

FIRE EXIT

   

FIRE    ____________
EXTINGUISHER

Minimum
SPRINKLER _________ __________ _________ _____________ number
_ _ of exits

Room or space with OL of 50 or more persons shall have at least two doorways Access
to exit.

minimum corridor width =1.83m

LEGEND:

LAB – Laboratory building CCNA -

A – Angara Building L – Lucy Building
Table 4. Ratings

RATINGS
 16

BUILDING

1 2 3 4 5

LAB.

A

CCNA

L

EB

OVER-ALL 3
RATINGS

LEGEND:
1. Very poor
2. below average
3. Average
4. above average
5. Excellent
Therefore, the rate of EVSU Luna campus buildings is average so that the buildings are
safer.

Table 5. Recommendation Estimated cost

FIRE EQUIPMENT
 17

BUILDING ESTIMATE
COST
FIRE UNIT FIRE UNIT
EXTINGUISHER PRICE ALARM PRICE
BELL
WITH
SWITCH
LABORATORY
4 ₱ 1250 1 ₱ 6100
₱1100
CCNA
3 ₱ 1250 1 ₱1100 ₱ 4,850

ANGARA
4 ₱ 1250 1 ₱1100 ₱ 6,100

EB
4 ₱ 1250 1 ₱1100 ₱ 6,100

L
3 ₱ 1250 1 ₱1100 ₱ 4,850

₱ 5,600
LABOR COST @ 20% OF THE MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT

TOTAL COST ₱33,600

 18

ANALYSIS

4.1. EGRESS ANALYSIS

An egress analysis has been developed using performance design for the occupancy.
The ff. Features are present in all occupancies and all areas that are evaluated for this
building and considered to be fully functional in this evaluation.

1. Smoke detection, 2. Fire alarm, 3. Smoke exhaust, 4. Pressurized stairway, and 5.

Light emitting sign.

These features have been considered adequately designed and fully operational for the
evaluation scenario.

CHAPTER 5
 19

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings from which the conclusion is
drawn, both of which are made the bases to propose some recommendations.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

In summary, Fire protection compliance in EVSU Luna buildings is an alternative

solution to comply or to prioritize the safety of every people who work and study in that
area in case the hazardous of fire come. It is also to develop the fire protection
compliance in EVSU Luna buildings to secure the safety of every people and property.
In related literature has reviewed all about the materials that can resist the fires. In a
building, showing major failings in fire protection.

It is not something that can be attempted in isolation and needs to begin with a
risk assessment to really understand the risks that are present and how these can be
dealt with. Once this risk assessment has been carried out, it is then up to the school to
decide what level of fire protection they will implement, whether this be just ensuring
human life is protected or ensuring total protection for the entire building.

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the buildings in EVSU-
LUNA has complied the standard criteria in terms of the dimensions of the doors,
windows, rooms, fire exits and stairs. The observation of this study, there are only two
fire related equipment present in the entire building of LUNA. Thus, the findings that can
be done on the study, each building should have fire equipment materials, such as 1 fire
extinguisher in every 2 rooms and fire alarm in each building.

RECOMMENDATION
 20

We recommend that every exit of the building or structure be arranged and

maintained to provide free and an obstructed egress from all part thereof. Signage that
would guide to escape from inside of any building shall be installed. It shall be clearly
visible and the route to the exit shall be conspicuously marked in such a manner that
every occupant of a building will readily know the direction of escape in every laboratory
and office shall be provided 4 fire extinguisher to first floor and second floor and the
CCNA building should be having a 3 fire extinguisher and also the EB and L buildings
should also have a 6 fire extinguisher and each building have a 1 fire alarm.

To the management that will have the power to implement the safety of the
school must be encourage immediately to do. Before the risk is come. This is made to
provide fire equipment in preparation for future project to be undertaken.

REFERENCES
 21

A. Other Sources

* National Building Code

* Fire code of the Philippine of 2008

B. Internet Sources

* https://www.firesafe.org.uk › basic-mean.

* https://www.safelincs-forum.co.uk ›

* https://www.safelincs-forum.co.uk › topic

* Emergency exit - Wikipedia

* https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki › Emer...

*1910.36 - Design and construction requirements for exit routes. - OSHA

* https://www.osha.gov › standard number

* https://www.Texas glass.com/glass facts/types_of_glass.html

* https://www.specs and codes.com

* https://www.understandandconstruction.com/stone.html

* https://www.aboutcivil.org/properties%20of%20woodand%20timberHTML

* https.//home.howstuffworks.com/home_improvement/construction/material

* https.//www.fire_resistant_buildingmaterial.html#page1

* http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Building+Material

* http://legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/building construction

APPENDIX
 22

The documents of the researchers on the survey that conducted at Brgy. Luna a Ormoc City,
Leyte.

Fig. 6 Bureau of Fire Protection

Fig. 7 Angara Building