VILLANUEVA, ERICA S.

|BSN 1-C
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND  Computer Network
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
HARDWARE
CONCEPT OF HARDWARE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
 Includes computer components, the physical and
 Encompasses all of the technology that we use to
tangible parts of the computer.
collect, process, protect and store information.
 Computer working principle:
 It refers to hardware, software (computer
programs), and computer networks.
Input Output
INFORMATION and COMMUNICATIONS Devices System Unit Devices
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
Data are entered into a computer via input devices, then are
 Involves transfer and use of all kinds of
processed and stored in a system unit, and are finally
information.
displayed by the output device.
 The foundation of economy and a driving force of
social changes in the 21st century. SOFTWAR E
 Includes all technical means that are used for CONCEPT OF SOFTWARE
handling information and facilitating
 Intangible part of the computer.
communication.
 Consists of a sequence of commands, written
 Internet services
according to strict rules.
 E-commerce
 Software types:
 E-banking
 Operating System
 E-government
 Application Software (Utility Programs)
 E-learning
NETWORKS
 Teleworking
CONCEPT OF NETWORKS
 Other Internet Features
 Comprised of at least two, connected, by wire or
 E-mail wireless, computers that can exchange data.
 IM (Instant Messaging)  INTERNET is the most famous and most
widespread network.
 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
 Types of Networks:
 RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 Blog (web log)/Vlog (video log)
 WAN (Wide Area Network)
 Podcast (POD – Personal On Demand +
Broadcast)
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
 Virtual Communities AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
 Social Networks
 Forum Information and Communications Technology is a set of
technologies that help us create information, access
 MMO (Massive Multiplayer Online) information, analyze information and communicate with
 Chatroom each other.
COMPUTER
 An electronic device that manipulates information, ICT tools include the Internet, cell phones, global
or “data”. It has the ability to store, retrieve and positioning systems (GPS), texting, video games, digital
process data. cameras, MP3 players, wikis, blogs and more. Some of
these tools are being used today in classrooms all over the
 Hardware world, and will be used even more in the future to support
 Software learning.

 Computer Memory
 Storage Devices
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USE OF ICT  personal computer made by Apple company
 ICT for Leisure 3. Portable Computer or Laptop computer (notebook)
1. We use mobile phones to make and receive calls and  relatively small computers, easily carried around,
text messages. Text message is also known as Short
Message Service (SMS).  consists of LCD display and a small keyboard,

2. We use computers or mobile phones to access the
internet:
a. To shop
b. To talk to family and friends using social
media
c. To book holidays and flights
d. To watch movies and TV shows
 ICT in the Workplace
1. Businesses can use mobile phones to make and receive
text messages (SMS) and calls
2. They can use computer software to email clients, type
letters, and other correspondence, generate invoice and
pay staff
3. They can use the internet to take orders through their
website and pay suppliers
4. They can use social media sites to advertise their
products and connect with their customers
 ICT for Personal Finance and Shopping
1. Many banks, utility suppliers and government sites give
individuals the opportunity to pay their bills and taxes
online
2. With the growth in internet usage, many businesses
have e-Commerce sites which allow individuals to buy
groceries, clothes, cosmetics, sporting equipment, etc.
Practically anything can be bought online today!
 do not fall behind PCs by their functions
4. Personal Digital Assistant - PDA (Palm) or
Handheld Computer
 small computers that can fit into a pocket or user's
palm,
 meant for performing basic personal/business
functions:
• managing personal or business tasks and
assignments,
• maintaining the address book,
• accessing and browsing the Internet,
• sending/receiving e-mails, etc.
 PDAs have now been replaced by modern smart
phones that combine the features of a
• PDA with a mobile phone and camera.
Hardware refers to the physical parts of the computer,
anything you can touch.
Divisions of Computer Hardware
1. Input Device is any device that allows information to
be entered into a computer by typing, selecting,
importing or download.
Examples of Input Devices

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER a) keyboard

Computer is an electronic device that manipulates b) scanner

information, or “data.” It has the ability to store, retrieve c) touchpad
and process data.
d) mouse
Types of Computers
e) trackball
1. Mainframe Computer
f) joystick
 large, powerful and expensive computers,
g) microphone
 often used within large systems and organizations,
h) stylus
 can be used by more then one user simultaneously. i) camera (web, digital)
2. Personal Computer – PC (Desktop Computer) 2. Output Device is any device that outputs information
 First PC was made by IBM in 1981, from a computer.
 It was originally made for executing a single task Examples of Output Devices
by a single user at the time. a) monitor
 Today: a single person can execute many tasks b) projector
simultaneously (multitasking).
c) printer
 Apple Macintosh (Mac)
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d) plotter
e) speakers
f) earphones
Software is the set of instructions that enables the computer
to perform its functions.
Types of Software
1. Operating System Software is the set of instructions
that looks after the internal running of a computer and
manages the computer’s resources.
Examples of Operating System Software
a) MS-DOS (not user friendly system)
b) Microsoft Windows (e.g. Windows 8)
c) Apple Macintosh (e.g. Mountain)
d) Linux
e) UNIX
2. Application Software are computer programs that are
written to perform a specific task.
Examples of Application Software
a) MS Word – Writing letters, etc.
b) MS Excel – accounting
c) MS Powerpoint – creating presentations
d) Internet Explorer – Browsing the Internet
Computer memory is any physical device capable of
storing information temporarily or permanently.
Two types of Computer Memory
1. Random Access Memory (RAM) is the main working
memory of the computer.
It is used to store information on a temporary basis.
2. Read Only Memory (ROM) is used to store
information that the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
needs in order to run the computer.
This is where you install application software and save
your files.
Computer Memory is measured in bits. The
measurements of computer memory are:
1 Bit = 1 0r 0 (smallest measurement)
1 Byte = 8 Bits (equivalent to 1 Character or letter)
1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes
1 Megabyte = 1024 kilobytes
1 Gigabytes = 1024 megabytes
1 Terabyte = 1024 gigabytes
Storage Devices is any piece of hardware that stores data.
The most common type of storage device is a hard drive.
Examples of Storage Device
a) Hard Drive (Internal and External)
It is used to store the computer’s operating system,
applications and user’s files.
b) USB Flash Drives
They are a very popular storage medium.
Used to store office documents, music, pictures, etc.
c) CD-ROM
It can store pictures, music and office documents.
d) DVD
Suitable for storing movie files
e) Online File Storage
Allows the users to store file to a specific hard drive
on the internet.
Often used by businesses to backup data or to allow
employees working in different locations to share
files.
f) Smart Media & Micro Drives
Used for digital camera storage
g) Memory Stick
Removable memory card launched by Sony.
h) Smart Card
Pocket sized plastic card with an embedded
microchip.
It is used for identification, data storage and
application processing.
Network is a linked set of computers capable of sharing
computer power and resources.
Types of Networks
1. Local Area Network (LAN) supplies networking
capabilities to a group of computers in a confined space
for example in an office building, school or in a home.
It is used for sharing files, printers, scanners and other
resources.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN) supplies networking
capabilities over a wide geographical area e.g. cities,
countries and continents.
VILLANUEVA, ERICA S.|BSN 1-C
A WAN network uses telephone lines and satellites to
connect the computers.
 MICROSOFT OUTLOOK
 Mainly used as an email application.
 Considered a personal information manager,
coordinating your calendars, task managers,
contacts, notes, journals, and browsing sessions.
 Can be used as a stand-alone app or it can be
networked to connect multiple users to shared
mailboxes and calendars under a single
organization.
 WINDOWS 95 (1995)
 Windows 95 supported 32-bit applications, which
means that applications written specifically for this
operating system should run much faster.
 It has the ability to automatically detect and
configure installed hardware (plug and play).
 SLACKWARE
 The oldest maintained distribution of Linux.
 Created in 1993.
 The configuration system used to install and
maintain the system is based around the command
line.
 MICROSOFT ACCESS
 Database management system that provides a
graphical user interface (GUI) and software
development tools that allows for stored data or
imported data from other databases.
 You can use data to create forms, tables, queries
and reports.
 WINDOWS 98 (JUNE 1998)
 It offers support for a number of new technologies,
including FAT 32, AGP, MMX, USP, DVD, and
ACPI.
 Its most visible feature is the Active Desktop,
which integrates the Web browser (Internet
Explorer).
 MICROSOFT PUBLISHER
 Desktop publishing program, emphasizing page
layout and design.
 WINDOWS NT 3.1-4.0 (1993-1996)
 Windows NT (New Technology) is a 32-bit
operating system that supports preemptive
multitasking.
 Two versions:
 Windows NT Server designed to act as a server
in networks.
 Windows NT Workstation for stand-alone or
client workstations.
 DEBIAN
 Officially founded in 1993.
 It was designed to allow open contributions from
the user community and is still maintained by a
noncommercial group known as the Debian
Project.
 SharePoint
 Office's document management and storage system,
allowing users and groups to set up password-
protected document sharing in a secure, organized
location.
WIRED VS. WIRELESS NETWORK
 WINDOWS 2000 (FEBRUARY 2000)
 Often abbreviated as "W2K".
 It is an OS for business desktop and laptop systems
to run software applications, connect to Internet and
intranet sites, and access files, printers, and network
resources.
 Four versions:
 Professional (for business desktop and laptop
systems)
 Server (both a Web server and an office server)
 Advanced Server (for line-of-business
applications)
 Datacenter Server (for high-traffic computer
networks)
 UBUNTU
 After an ancient African word meaning "humanity
to others".
 Created in 2004 by a South African developer-
entrepreneur and his colleagues with their company
called Canonical.
 WIRED NETWORK
 The most reliable and most secure internet
connection.
 Requires that the cables are connected to each
and every one of the computers in the network.
 The cost of a wired network is lower compared
to the wireless network since Ethernet, cables,
and switches are not expensive.
 Wired LAN offers better performance compared
to wireless networks. The wired network can
offer a bandwidth of 100 mbps with fast ethernet
technology.
 Ethernet cables, the switches that are used in
wired networks are reliable.
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 The security considerations for a wired network
connected to the internet are firewalls. Firewall
software can be installed on each computer.
 WINDOWS ME MILLENNIUM EDITION
(SEPTEMBER 2000)
 It removed the "boot in DOS" option.
 LINUX MINT SYSTEM
 It was created in 2006 and designed to be an
elegant and easy-to-use operating system based
on Ubuntu.
 WIRELESS NETWORK
 Can be configured in two ways. That is to say. AD-
hoc mode. Wireless devices require WLAN cards
and access points for communication.
 macOS10.13 : High Sierra (Lobo) - September 25,
2017
 macOS10.14 : Mojave (Liberty) - September 24, 2018
 macOS10.15 : Catalina (Jazz) - October 7, 2019
APPLICATION SOFTWARES IN OUR
EVERYDAY LIFE
 WINDOWS VISTA (NOVEMBER 2006)
 Offered advancement in reliability, security, ease of
deployment, performance, and manageability.
 Has the capacity to detect hardware problems
before they occur, security features to protect
against the latest generation of threats, faster start-
up time and low power consumption of the new
sleep rate.

 Wireless networks require equipment such as  It simplifies and centralizes desktop configuration
wireless adapters and access points that are quite management, reducing the cost of keeping systems
expensive. The cost of wireless networks is high updated.
compared to wired networks. OPERATING SOFTWARES
 The maximum bandwidth provided by the wireless  WPS OFFICE
network is approximately 11 mbps.
 Presentation
 The reliability of the wireless network is lower
compared to the wired network.  Writer

 WLAN uses equivalent encryption of privacy by  Spreadsheets

cable (WEP) to protect the data. This makes
wireless networks as secure as wired networks.
 Laptops and other computing devices can move
freely within the wireless network because the
mobility of the wireless.
 APACHE OPEN OFFICE
 It was born as Star Office in1999 by Sun
Microsystems.
 Sun Microsystems was bought by Oracle in 2010.

 WINDOWS XP (OCTOBER 2001)  Writer

 Utilizes the 802.11x wireless security standard.  Calc

 Impress
 Focused on mobility including plug and play
features for connecting to wireless networks.  Base
 Two versions:  Draw
 Home  Math
 Professional APPLICATION SOFTWARES
 MacOS  LIBRE OFFICE
 List of macOS versions:  Created by The Document Foundation.
 OS X10 beta: Kodiak - September 13, 2000
 It contains the same applications as Apache
 OS X10.0 : Cheetah - March 24, 2001 OpenOffice.
 OS X 10.1 : Puma - September 25, 2001  It can also be used as a collaborative platform using
 OS X10.2 : Jaguar - August 24, 2002 Collabora Online.
 OS X10.3 : Panther (Pinot) - October 24, 2003  WINDOWS 7 (OCTOBER 2009)
 OS X10.4 : Tiger (Chardonnay)  Enhancement and new features in Windows 7
 OS X10.5 : Leopard (Chablis) - October 26, 2007
include multi-touch support, Internet Explorer 8,
 OS X10.6 : Snow Leopard - August 28, 2009
 OS X10.7 : (Barolo) - July 20, 2011 improved performance and start-up time, Aero
 OS X10.8 : Mountain Lion (Zinfandel) - July 25, 2012 Snap, Aero Shake, support for virtual hard disks, a
 OS X10.9 : Mavervcks (Cabernet) - October 22, 2013 new and improved Windows Media Center, and
 OS X10.10 : Yosemite (Syrah) - October 16, 2014 improved security.
 OS X10.11 : Capitan (Gala) - September 30, 2015  MICROSOFT WORD
 macOS10.12 : Sierra (Fuji) - September 20, 2016  Word processing app.
 WYSIWYG display.
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 FENG OFFICE  Allows you to jot down their thoughts before they
 Previously known as OpenGoo. forget them.
 Entirely focused on being an online office suite.  Can be shared to others.
 MS-DOS/MICROSOFT DISK OPERATING SYSTEM  Much like a digital notebook.
(1981)  Introduced as a standard Office application in 2013,
 The standard operating system for IBM-compatible allowing even more users to be able to share their
personal computers. typed notes, drawings, and screen grabs with other
 WINDOWS 8 (AUGUST 2012) online users.
 Completely redesigned OS that’s been developed
from the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as
well as near-instant-on capabilities that enable a
Windows 8 PC to load and start up in a matter of
seconds rather than in minutes.
 Has a new “Metro” design system interface.
 MICROSOFT EXCEL
 Spreadsheet program that can be used to organize,
format, and calculate data.
 iWork
 Pages
 Numbers
 Keynote
 WINDOWS 1.0-2.0 (1985-1992)
 Introduced in 1985, Microsoft Windows 1.0 was
named due to the computing boxes, or “windows”
that represented a fundamental aspect of the
operating system.
 It allowed users to point and click to access the
windows.
 In 1987, Microsoft released Windows 2.0, which
was for the Intel 286 processor.
 It added desktop icons, keyboard shortcuts and
improved graphics support.

 WINDOWS 10 (JULY 2015)

 It features fast up and resume, built-in security and
the return of the Start Menu in an expanded form.
 It also features Microsoft Edge.
 MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
 Helps you create professional presentations.
 First launched in 1990, using slides to display text,
graphics, and mulitimedia.
 WINDOWS 3.0-3.1 (1990-1994)
 Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990 offering
better icons, performance and advanced graphics
with 16 colors designed for Intel 386 processors.
 It included Program Manager, File Manager
and Print Manager and games (hearts,
minesweeper, and solitaire).
 Windows 3.1 was released in 1992.
 LINUX
 Created starting in 1991 by the Finnish computer
programmer Linux Torvalds.
 Have a number of different versions (distributions).
 Example:
 Red Hat
 Fedora
 CentOS
 MICROSOFT OneNote
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