CHAPTER 9.

MICROWAVE & SATELLITE

COMMUNICATIONS
Composed by Bui Thu Cao
September 2018

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Contents

I. Wireless Transmission for Microwave and Satellite Systems

II. Satellite System Models
III. Design Satellite And Microwave Transmission System

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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Microwave system diagram:

Digital
Input: PCM lines (En/Tn)
Demodulation

RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECEIVER

Digital
Output: PCM lines (En/Tn)
Demodulation
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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Special specifications:
Referred to PSK than FSK modulation, because:
• BW less than FSK
• BER less than KSK with the same S/N
• Capacity of extension to mPSK (m = 2,4,8, for rate < 140 Mbps)
• For rate >= 140 Mbps using QAM ( m=16)

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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems
Băng tần viba Special specifications:
Ký hiệu Dải tần
• Carrier frequency range from 1GHz to
Băng L 1 đến 2 GHz
1000GHz.
Băng S 2 đến 4 GHz
Băng C 4 đến 8 GHz • The population range from 1-40GHz.
Băng X 8 đến 12.4 GHz
• The propagation distance is belong the
Băng Ku 12.4 đến 18 GHz
height of antennas.
Băng K 18 đến 26.5 GHz
Băng Ka 26.5 đến 40 GHz
Băng Q 30 đến 50 GHz Narrowband Midband Broadband
Băng U 40 đến 60 GHz
Băng V 50 đến 75 GHz
Băng E 60 đến 90 GHz 2, 4 & 8Mbit/s. 8=>34Mbit/s. 34=>140Mbit/s.
Băng W 75 đến 110 GHz TCH: 30, 60 và 120 TCH: 120=>480 TCH: 480=>1920
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Băng F 90 đến 140 GHz Fc: 0,4 =>1,5 GHz. Fc: 2=>6GHz. Fc: 4,6,8 và 12GHz.
Băng D 110 đến 170 GHz
I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Special specifications:
1
• Fresnel radius F= 2 𝐴𝐵𝜆

• Height of antenna H ≥ F + E + O

F • The maximum distance for a

microwave system which have the
height of transceivers h1 and h2 is,

d = 3, 57( h1 + h2 )[Km ]

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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems
Special specifications:
• Use frequency diversity
• Use space diversity for signal
propagation

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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Special specifications:
• Using parabolic antenna to oriented
transceivers
• Gain of antenna:
4𝜋𝐴𝑒
𝐺= 2
𝜆
With 𝐴𝑒 is antenna’ effective area.
And 𝐴𝑒 = 𝜂 𝐴𝑝
𝐴𝑝 is physical area and 𝜂 is efficiency
parameter of antenna.
• For isotropic G = 1
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I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Special specifications:
• Isotropic system:
𝐴𝑒
Isotropic 𝑃𝑡 𝐴𝑒
𝑃𝑟 =
receiver 4𝜋𝑑 2
d
• Oriented system:
𝑃𝑡 P
4𝜋𝐴𝑒
𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐴𝑒 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 4𝜋𝐴𝑒 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡
Isotropic 𝜆2
𝑃𝑟 = = =
transmitter 4𝜋𝑑 2 4𝜋𝑑 2 4𝜋𝑑/𝜆 2

𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 𝜆2 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟
=> 𝑃𝑟 = =
4𝜋𝑑 2 4𝜋𝑑/𝜆 2
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2
• Path loss (or free space): 𝐿 = 4𝜋𝑑/𝜆
 I. Wireless Transmission For Microwave And Satellite Systems

Array antenna for microwave and satellite systems

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II. Satellite System Models

▪ LEO (Low Earth Orbit): height from 200 to 1200 km, sử

dụng cho chụp ảnh khí tượng, do thám, thông tin di động
đặc biệt.
▪ MEO (Medium Earth Orbit): Height from 1200 to
10.000 km, using for GPS
▪ GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit): Height from 35786
km.
▪ HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit): Height from 35786 km
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II. Satellite System Models

Advantage:
+ Large coverage
+ Quality stability

Disadvantage:
+ Attenuation is effected by weather, frost,
rain…

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Problems

1. What is the value in decibel of the free-space loss for a carrier frequency of 100MHz and range of 3 miles?
2. The transmitter output power is 10 W. Assume that both the transmitting and receiving antennas are isotropic.
Calculate the received power in dBW.
3. A transmitter has an output of 2 W at carrier frequency of 2 GHz. Assumed that the transmitting and receiving
antenna are parabolic disk each 3 ft diameter and the efficiency of each antenna is 0.55.
a) Evaluate the gain of each antenna
b) Calculate the received power if the distance between two antenna is 5 km.
c) If ..

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III. Design Satellite And Microwave Transmission System

1. Design a microwave propagation line of between HCM and Vung Tau city. Assumed the distance between HCM
and Vung Tau is 70km, the transceiver are parabolic antenna each 2m diameter, antenna’ efficient is 0.55, the
transmitting power is 20W, the carrier frequency is 2GHz, {S/N}req (dB) is 12dB, the received noise is 0.1µW and
the earth radius to be 6400 Km.
2. Design a microwave propagation line of between HCM and Con Dao. Assumed the distance between HCM and
Con Dao is 60km, the transceiver are parabolic antenna each 1m diameter, antenna’ efficient is 0.6, the
transmitting power is 20W, the carrier frequency is 4GHz, {S/N}req (dB) is 12dB, the received noise is 0.2µW and
the earth radius to be 6400 Km.
3. Design a microwave – satellite propagation line of between HCM and Con Dao. Assumed the distance between
HCM and Con Dao is 60km, the transceiver are parabolic antenna each 1m diameter, antenna’ efficient is 0.6,
the transmitting power is 20W, the carrier frequency is 4GHz, {S/N}req (dB) is 12dB, the received noise is 0.2µW
and the earth radius to be 6400 Km.
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