Section 8B Lgnition Systems: 1994 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis

SECTION 8B
lgnition Systems
Contents
Description and Operation ..................................................................
..B 8. 1
Ignition and Timing Systems.............................................................

..B 8. 1
IgnitionControl Module (ICM) .........................................................

8B-2
Ignition (IGN) Switch ....................................................................

..88.4
1.3L Component Location ...........................................................

..8B.4
1.6L Component Location ...........................................................

..88.5
1.8L Component Location ............................................................

.8B.6
2.OL Component Location ............................................................

.8B.7
2.5L Component Location ............................................................

.8B.7
Diagnosis and Testing..........................................................................

.8B.8
System Inspection ...........................................................................

.8B.8
Idle Speed and Timing Adjustments (IST) (1.3L, 1.8L, 2.5L). ..........8B.20
ST1Connector Locations ............................................................

. B.82 1
Base Timing Check ........................................................................

-88-21
Vacuum Advance (ADV) (1.6L) ....................................................

88-22
Engine No Start (IGNA) (2.OL) .....................................................

.88.28
Code 2 12-IDMMissing (IGNB) (2.OL) ..........................................

.88.36
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SECTION 8B
Ignition Systems
Contents (continued)
Code 2 13 - Xming Off (IGNC) (2.OL). ............................................8B-38
Intermittent Miss or Stall (IGND) (2.OL) .........................................8B-40
Specifications/Special Service Tools ..................................................8B-41
Specifications ................................................................................8B-4 1
Special Service Tools / Equipment....................................................8B-41
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1994 Powertrain Control/Ernissions Diagnosis Aug 93
-
-
Ignition Systems 8B- 1
Description and Operation
lgnition and Timing Systems
The ignition system provides spark control to the engine during all modes of operation. The ignition system
consists of three sub-systems: primary ignition, secondary ignition, and timing advance. The 1.8L and 2.OL
engines use an lgnition Control Module (ICM) with the coil mounted separately from the distributor. The 1.6L
engines use a integrated distributor mounted ignition system with vacuum advance. The 1.3L and 2.5L engines
use a distributor with an integrated coil and ICM.
Primary lgnition Components
The primary ignition components include the coil primary circuit, the lgnition Control Module (ICM), and ignition
switch. When the ignition switch is turned ON, the PCM signals the ICM. In 1.3L, 1.6L, 1.8L, and 2.5L, the ICM
controls current flow through the ignition coil and produces a high voltage spark. In the 2.OL, the ICM sends the
signal to the ignition coil, where the high voltage spark is produced. It is the spark which is passed onto the
secondary ignition system.
Secondary lgnition Components
The secondary ignition components include the spark plugs, the spark plug wires, the distributor cap, the rotor,
the coil wire (if equipped), and the coil secondary circuit. The high voltage spark produced in the primary ignition
system is passed from the ignitioncoil to the distributor. The rotor and distributor cap are used to send the spark
to each spark plug.
Timing Advance Components
1.3L, 1.8L, 2.OL, and 2.5L
The spark advance and retard functions are controlled by the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). The PCM
receives signals from various switches and sensors and then sends the spark timing signal to the distributor.
The 1.6L Turbo uses governor weights, a knock control module, and a vacuum advance1boost retard
diaphragm. The 1.6L Non-Turbo uses governor weights and a dual vacuum advance diaphragm.
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88-2 lgnition Systems
lgnition Control Module (ICM)
The 1.3L, 1.6L, 1.8L, and 2.5L engine's Ignition Control Module (ICM) is an output device controlled by the
Powertrain Control Module (PCM). The PCM sends a signal to the ICM. The ICM controls current flow through the
ignition coil where a high voltage spark is generated. The high voltage spark is then sent to the spark plugs in the
ignition system.
The PCM sends a Spark Out (SPOUT) signal for the 2.OL engines to the ICM. The ICM sends this signal to the
ignition coil, where it is converted into a high voltage spark that is sent to the spark plugs.
CRANKSHAFT
SENSOR
\
IGNITION
CONTROL
MODULE
'ION
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Ignition Systems 8B-3
IGNITION COIL
Engine 1 Location I
I Mounted near ignition
strut.
2.5L
2.0L Mounted to LH strut, next to fuel filter (MTX).
LF corner of engine compartment, left of
cooling fan (CD4E).
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88-4 Ignition Systems
lgnition (IGN) Switch
The lgnition (IGN) switch directs current to the vehicle's systems according to its position. The Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) detects the ignition switch position by a series of inputs, and controls the vehicle's
operation based on this information.
Engine Location
1.3L, 1.6L, Mounted to steering column.
1.8L, 2.0L,
1.3L Component Location
Figure 1.
Description
Battery
Distributor (Integrated lgnition Control Module and lgnition Coil)
Spark Plug Wire
S ~ a r Plua
k
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lgnition Systems 88-5
Figure 2.
Description
Boost Pressure Switch (Turbo Onlv) -.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
Knock Sensor (Turbo Only)
Distributor (Integrated Distributor Mounted lgnition With Vacuum Advance [DMIVA]
Module)
lgnition Coil
Knock Control Module (Turbo Only)
Self-Test Input (STI) Connector
A
IQ94Powertrain ControlIEmissions Diagnosis Aug 93
Figure 3.
Item Description
1 Spark Plug Wires (4)
2 Battery
3 Data Link Connector (DLC)
4 Ignition Coil
5 Ignition Control Module (T13)
6 Distributor
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lgnition Systems 8B-7
2.OL Component Location

Description
Generator
Starter
lgnition Control Module (TFI-IV) (MTX)
lgnition Coil
Battery
lgnition Control Module (TFI-IV)
(CD4E)
Primary Coil Wire
Distributor
Drive Belts
Spark Plug Boot
Spark Plug

Description
Starter (4EAT)
Battery
Starter (MTX)
Distributor (Integrated lgnition Control
Module and lgnition Coil)
Drive Belts
Generator
Spark Plug Boot
Spark Plug
Diagnosis and Testing
-- -
System Inspection
1. Visually inspect the components of the ignition system.
VISUAL INSPECTIONCHART
-
Mechanical
-
I Electrical 1
Damaged or worn distributor cap and rotor Discharged battery
Damaged spark plugs Damaged or loose connectors
Improperly seated spark plug, distributor cap, or rotor Damaged insulation
Corroded, contaminated, or carbon fouled distributor cap Poor coil, distributor and spark plug connections
Blown fuses
2. Check the vehicle's maintenanceschedule to ensure that the spark plugs and the wires have been properly
maintained.
3. Check the spark plug wires and boots for signs of poor insulation that could cause cross firing.
4. A damaged or worn timing belt can cause symptoms that appear to be timing related. Refer to the service
manual basic engine section if necessary.
5. Make sure the engine idle speed and base timing are within specification.
NOTE: For ignition system diagnostics on all engines except the 2.OL, go to IGN1. For 2.OL, see Symptom
Chart below.
2.OL SYMPTOM CHART

-
Symptom Action To Take

Enaine no start and no codes GO to lGNA1.
p- - -
G e no start and code 21 1 -

PIP circuit failure 1
I Code 2 12 - IDM missina 1 GOtolGNBl. I
Timing off, code 2 13 - Spark
Output (SPOUT) open, lack of power,
poor fuel economy
Clear codes or code 21 1 - GO to IGND 1.
intermittent miss or stall
Clear codes and misfire under
load - secondary short to
around
Car continues to run after key CHECK ICM PWR for short to
is turned to OFF battery power.
1.3L. 1.6L.
e Diagnosis and Testing 1.8L, 2.5L IGN
TEST STEP RESULT

I
IGN 1 CHECK FIRING ORDER
Inspect the routing of the spark plug wires.
Make sure the wires follow the firing order
1-3-4-2on all engines except 2.5L
(1 -2-3-4-5-6on 2.5L).
I s firing order OK?
1
IGN2 TEST SPARK AT PLUG(S) - - -
Connect an Air Gap Spark Tester Yes

D81P-6666-A, or equivalent between the (Engine Runs)
spark plug wire (plug end) and ground. Crank Yes b GO t o Section 9B, Fuel
the engine, repeat on all spark plug wires.
(Engine Does Delivery /Turbocharge
Does spark jump at each wire? Not Run) System.
No b GO tollGN9I.
(1.6L and 1.8L)
No b GO t o m \ .
(1.3L and 2.5LI
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8B- 10 lgnition Systems
Diagnosis and Testing All IGN

Engines
TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

1
ON3 CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY
NOTE: If this portion of the diagnostic procedure Yes lgnition system
is to provide accurate results, it is essential that (2.0L) operating properly.
the calibration of your engine analyzer be RETURN to Section
maintained. Refer to your equipment manual. If 28, Diagnostic
this is not available, an estimate of the calibration Routines.
can be made by connecting the spark tester to a Yes b GO t o m ] .
properly operating ignition system and measuring (1.3L, 1.8L, and
the firing voltage of the spark tester only. Do not 2.5L)
include the firing voltage to the cap-to-rotor gap.
The spark tester firing voltage should be Yes b
approximately 28KV (f10010). (1.6L)
0 Connect a Rotunda Engine Analyzer

N0 b
010-00575, or equivalent to view parade
display of ignition secondary system.
Slowly increase the engine rpm from idle to
2000 rpm, and compare the engine analyzer
display to the illustrations in the next six test
steps.
0 Is the evenness of spark plug firing voltage
and the average value of spark plug firing
' i-
voltage normal and stable?
EVENNESS FIRING VOLTAGE AVERAGE

(HIGH TO LOW) VOLTAGE
- _ _ - - - --
---
B4716-B
Ignition Systems 88-1 1
Diagnosis and Testing All

Engines
TEST STEP ACTION TO TAKE

I
IGN4 CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY (CONTINUED) I
Are both the evenness of the spark plug / Yes Problems affecting all
firing voltage too wide and the-average- cylinders:
value of spark plug firingvoltage greater - CHECK coil wire for
than the normal value of 28KV? proper installation in
coil and distributor
cap.
- CHECK for wide
spark plug gaps at all
cylinders, (usually fron
worn electrodes due tc
high mileage).
- INSPECT cap and
rotor for problems
causing excessive
cap-to-rotor ap.
- GO t o dl.
EVENESS FIRING VOLTAGE
(HIGH TO LOW) / AVERAGE
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Diagnosis Aug 93
All
Diagnosis and Testing Engines

I
GN5 CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY (CONTINUED)
Is the evenness of the spark plug firing Yes b CHECK for ignition
voltage greater than normal voltage of problems affecting
28KV? some cylinders:
- Wide spark plug
gap(s) or worn
electrode(s)
- Improperly installed
cap or rotor
CHECK for mechanical
problems affecting
some cylinders:
- Valves
- Fuel injectors
- Compression
- Vacuum leaks
GO t o m .

1994 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis Aug 93
All
e Diagnosis and Testing
Engines IGN

I
IGN6 CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY (CONTINUED)
0 Is there consistently high spark plug firing Yes D CHECK for ignition
voltage in one or more cylinders? problems affecting
some cylinders:
- Spark plug wire(s)
are firmly connected t
distributor cap or
spark plug.
-Wide spark plug
gap(s).
- Open plug wire(s).
- CHECK for
mechanical problems
affecting some
cylinders:
- Valves
- Fuel injectors
- Compression
- ~acu-um leaks
- G O ~ O ~ .
r HIGH m w
VOLTAGE
All IGN

CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY (CONTINUED)
I s there consistently low spark plug firing Yes D CHECK for ignition
voltage or sloping spark line i n one or more problems affecting
cylinders? some cylinders:
- Fouled spark plug(s)
- Narrow spark plug
gap(s)
- Spark plug wire(s)
grounding on engine.
INSPECT for damage.
- Carbon tracking in
cap
CHECK for mechanical
problems affecting
some cylinders:
- Valves
- Fuel injectors
- Compression
- Vacuum leaks
FIRING VOLTAGE
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Ignition Systems 88-15
I
Diagnosis and Testing All
Engines IGN
TEST STEP RESULT bl ACTION TO TAKE

I
ION8 CHECK SECONDARY DISPLAY (CONTINUED)
Is spark plug firing voltage reversed? Yes b - CHECK to see if
ignition coil primary
circuit is reversed. If
necessary make
proper connections.
- CHECK wiring
harness for ignition coil
primary circuit. If OK,
REPLACE ignition coil
(1.6L, 1.8L, and 2.OL)
or distributor ( I .3L and
2.5L).
No
(all except 2.OL)
b GO to m/.
b REEVALUATE
symptom and RETURN
to symptom chart at
beginning of this
section.
84721-A
IGNQ CHECK SPARK FROM COIL

Connect a spark tester between coil
secondary output terminal and ground.
Yes b GO to m1.
Crank the engine. No b G o t o m .
Does spark jump?
IGN10 CHECK DISTRIBUTOR ASSEMBLY
Check rotor, distributor cap, and module for Yes b G o t o m .
wear, breakage, cracks, carbon buildup (black
buildup), and oxidation (white buildup).
No b SERVICE as required.
Crank the engine and verify the rotor turns
steadily.
I s the distributor assembly OK and does the
rotor turn freely?
8B-16 Ignition Systems
All IGN
TEST STEP RESULT bI ACTION TO TAKE

;Nil CHECK SPARK PLUG WIRE RESISTANCE
Remove spark plug wire. Yes
(1.8L)
CAUTION: Do n o t under any circumstances
puncture a spark plug wire when measuring Yes
resistance. Measure only as instructed. (1.6L)
Measure the resistance of each spark plug Yes b REEVALUATE

(2.0L) symptom and RETURN
wire.
Is the resistance between 4,000-7,000 to symptom chart at
the beginning of this
ohms per foot?
section.
Yes b GO t o m [ .
(1.3L and 2.5LJ
b REPLACE the spark
plug wire(s).
Ignition Systems 88- 17
e Diagnosis and Testing 1.3L. 1.6L.

1.8L. 2.5L IGN
TEST STEP I RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

I
GN12 CHECK VOLTAGE AT IGNITION COIL I
Disconnect the ignition coil connector (on Yes GO to ml.
distributor). N0 SERVICE the wire
Key ON. between the ignition
8 Measure the voltage on the following wire at switch and the ignition
the ignition coil connector (on distributor for coil connector.
1.3L and 2.5L).
Engine 1 Wire Color
Is the voltage greater than 10 volts?
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88- 18 Ignition Systems
Diagnosis and Testing IGN
TEST STEP RESULT bl ACTION TO TAKE

I
IGN13 CHECK IGNITION COIL RESISTANCE I
Disconnect the wire(s) from the ignition coil. I Yes bI GO t o E C Pinpoint
Measure: (1.6L and 1.8L) m.
Test
Yes b GO to EEC Pinpoint
Test m.
Engine Coil Terminals Resistance
(1.3L and 2.5L)
Positive to 0.5-0.7 ohms
negative
No b REPLACE the ignition
coil ( I .6L and 1.8L) or
I I Secondary Positive to high
voltage
Positive to
20-31 k-ohms
0.8 to 1.6 ohms

distributor (1.31 and
2.5L).
negative
Secondary Positive to high 6 to 30 k-ohms
voltage
Positive to 0.58 to 0.86
negative ohms
I 1 Secondary Positive to high

voltage
1.15to 18.5
k-ohms
NOTE: Refer to illustrations after Test Steps.

Are the resistance readings within
specifications?
1.3L
PRIMARY SECONDARY
PRIMARY SE~ONDARY
POSITIVE POSITIVE
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Ignition Systems 8B- 19
Diagnosis and Testing IGN
1.6L and 1.8L
PRIMARY SECONDARY
A14064-B
2.5L
PRIMARY SECONDARY
A
I
Diagnosis and Testing IST
ldle Speed and Timing Adjustments (IST) (1.3L, 1.8L, 2.5L)

I
S T 1 CHECK IDLE SPEED
0 Start the engine and run until at normal
operating temperature.
Yes GO to ml.
N0 ADJUST idle speed.
0 Engine at idle.
0 All electrical loads off.
Connect Rotunda 88 Digital Multimeter
105-00053, or equivalent as a tachometer.
0 Ground ST1 connector. Refer to illustrations
after Pinpoint Test Steps.
0 Compare idle speed with chart:
Engine Idle Speed

1.3L MTX 700 f 50 rpm
1.3L ATX 750 f 50 r p m
I 1.8L 1 750 f 50 r o m I
I 2.5L 1 650 f 100 r p m 1
Is idle speed within specifications?
I
IST2 CHECK BASE TIMING
0 Start the engine and run until at normal Yes RETURN to Section
operating temperature. 2B, Diagnostic
0 Engine at idle. Routines.
0 All electrical loads off. N0 ADJUST the timing.
0 Connect a Rotunda Timing Analyzer REFER to Section 12B,
059-000 14,or equivalent. Air Intake Systems and
0 Ground ST1 connector (refer to ST1 Connector Throttle Body.
Locations illustration on the next page).
0 Compare timing with chart:
-
Engine Base Timing
1.3L, 1.8L, 2.5L 10 d e g r e e s f 1 d e g r e e BTDC
0 Is timina within s ~ e c i f i c a t i o n s ?
Ignition Systems 88-2 1
e Diagnosis and Testing 1.3L, 1.8L.

2.5L IST
ST1 Connector Locations
Figure 4.
Item Description
1 Data Link Connector
2 ST1
3 GND
4 IGN (-)
Base Timing Check

1.3L and 1.8L
---
TIMING MARK 854284
A1 67374
1.6L Nan-Turbo ADV

Diagnosis and Testing 1.6L Turbo
Vacuum Advance (ADV) (1.6L)

I
lDVl CHECK VACUUM SUPPLY
Check the vacuum hoses to the distributor Yes GO to mi.
diaphragm for cracks or poor connections. N0 SERVICE hose as
Remove the vacuum delay valve. required or REPLACE
Using a Rotunda Vacuum Tester 021-00014, or the vacuum delay
equivalent apply 635 mm-Hg (25 in-Hg) of valve.
vacuum to the green side of the valve.
Does the vacuum delay valve hold vacuum
for 10-20 seconds?
\DV2 ( INSPECT TIMING
Disconnect and plug the vacuum hoses from Yes GO t o ml.
the vacuum diaphragm. N0 ADJUST the timing.
Ground the Self Test Input (STI) connector.
Engine at operating temperature.
All electrical loads off.
At idle:
- 1.6L Non-Turbo: 850 f 5 0 rpm
- 1.6L Turbo: 850 f5 0 rpm
Connect a Rotunda Timing Analyzer
059-000 14 or equivalent.
Check timing:
- 1.6L Non-Turbo: 2 f 1 degrees BTDC
- 1.6L Turbo: 12 f 1 degrees BTDC
Is the ignition base timing correct?
/
VACUUM DIAPHRAGM TIMING MARKS A14067-A
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* Diagnosis and Testing 1.6L Nan-Turbo

1.6L Turbo AD"

I
ADV3 CHECK CENTRIFUGAL ADVANCE
0 Warm the engine. Yes b
0 Disconnect and plug the vacuum hose(s) from (1.6L
the vacuum control. Non-Turbo)
0 Connect a Rotunda Timing Analyzer
Yes b GO t o m .
059-000 14 or equivalent.
(1.6L Turbo)
0 Gradually increase the engine speed.
0 Monitor the ignition timing advance and N0 b SERVICE the
compare to the chart. centrifugal advance
0 Does the centrifugal advance operate assembly.
~ro~erly?
I 1.6L TURBO I I 1.6L NON-TURBO I
ENGINE SPEED (rpm)

I
A15146-B
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88-24 lanition Svstems
Diagnosis and Testing 1.6L ADV

Non-Turbo
I TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

I
ADV4 CHECK VACUUM DIAPHRAGM
Disconnect and plug the vacuum hose(s) from Yes b CHECK the vacuum
the vacuum diaphragm. hoses for leaks,
Connect a Rotunda Vacuum Tester 02 1-00014 cracks, and breakage.
or equivalent to the vacuum diaphragm. REPAIR as required.
Connect a Rotunda Timing Analyzer RETURN t o Section
059-000 14 or equivalent. 28, Diagnostic
Engine at idle. Routines.
Apply vacuum to chamber A (outer chamber) REPLACE the vacuum
and then to chamber B (inner chamber). diaphragm.
Monitor the ignition timing and compare to the
chart. Increased vacuum should advance
(increase) the crank angle.
I s t h e vacuum advance operating properly?
1.6L NON-TURBO
VACUUM rnm n g ( ~ n . H g )
I
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Diagnosis and Testing 1.6L ADV

Turbo

/
ADV5 CHECK VACUUM ADVANCE
Disconnect and plug the vacuum hose. Yes CHECK the vacuum
Apply vacuum to the advance diaphragm and hoses for leaks,
monitor the ignition timing. See chart below. cracks, breakage, and
Remove vacuum and apply air pressure t o the proper routing.
advance diaphragm 68.9 kPa (10 psi MAX). SERVICE as required.
Monitor the ignition timing. RETURN to Section
Compare the readings to the chart below. 28,Diagnostic
Does t h e vacuum advance operate Routines.
properly?
N0 REPLACE the advance
diaphragm.
Vacuum Chart Air Pressure Chart

AIR PRESSURE KPA (KG/CM2,PSI)
0 2 O (10.6KPA.
0 11 KGICM' 1 54 PSI)
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Diagnosis and Testing 2.OL IGNA
ICM Ignition System (2.OL CD4E and MTX Only)
r r l SWITCH
COIL
I BATTERY
w (COIL-)
CKP
(SHLD 8)
PIP ADAPTER
TO PCM
NOTE: Circled numbers refer to Breakout Box pins.
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@ 1 Diagnosis and Testing
Rotunda TFI-IV Diagnostic Cable 007-00097
TFI-IV MODULE
TEE
CONTROL
MODULE (ICM)
COlL TEE
NOT USED
E-CORE
COlL
PIP ADAPTER
BAT-
BAT+
(NOT USED)
WARNING: DO NOT
CONNECT PCM
TO THIS CONNECTOR
/
-
TFI IV 1 PIP ADAPTER
OVERLAY FOR BREAKOUTBOX
VIEW A
0 0 0 0 0 0
SWITCH
0 0 0 0 0 0
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Diagnosis and Testing IGNA
Engine No Start (IGNA) (2.OL)

I
G N A l CHECK FOR EEC IV QUICK TEST COMPLETION
Were all tests accomplished according to Yes GO to.1-
EEC IV Quick Test procedures? N0 REFER t o Section 2A,
Diagnostic Routines.
I
GNA2 CHECK FOR GOOD BATTERY
Is battery voltage greater than 10 volts DC Yes GO t o m .
with the key ON? N0 SERVICE battery.
I
GNA3 CHECK FOR SPARK AT COIL DURING CRANK
Use an Air Gap Spark Tester (D81 P-6666-A) Yes GO t o m .
or equivalent t o check for spark during crank N0
at coil wire.
Was spark present during crank?
I
GNA4 CHECK FOR TFI POWER
Key OFF. Yes GO to.-I
Connect Rotunda TFI Diagnostic Cable N0 SERVICE power open
007-00097, or equivalent and PIP Adapter to Ignition Control
007-00083 to Rotunda Breakout Box Module in harness or
007-00033, or equivalent connect BAT- lead to connector. REMOVE
negative post of battery, and connect TFI all test equipment.
module tee to Ignition Control Module and RECONNECT all
vehicle harness. components. CLEAR
Do not connect BAT+ lead of TFI Diagnostic Continuous Memory.
Cable to battery. RERUN Quick Test.
CAUTION: Do not connect PCM to Breakout
Box when it is used with TFI Diagnostic
Cable.
Make sure PIP OPEN /NORMAL/ SPOUT
OPEN switch on TFI Diagnostic Cable is in the
NORMAL position.
Use TFI overlay on Breakout Box.
DVOM on DC volt scale.
Key ON.
Measure voltage between Pin 5 (TFI PWR) and
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-) at Breakout Box.
Is voltage greater than 10 volts DC?
I
GNA5 CHECK FOR PIP SIGNAL
DVOM on AC volt scale. Yes
Crank engine and measure voltage between N0
Pin 15 (PIP) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-).
Is voltage between 3.0 and 8.5 volts AC?
lanition Svstems 88-29
Diagnosis and Testing 2.0L IGNA

IGNA6 CHECK FOR SPOUT SIGNAL
DVOM on AC volt scale. Yes b G O ~ O ~ .
Crank engine and measure voltage between
No b GO to.1-
Pin 10 (SPOUT) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-).
I s voltage between 3.0 and 8.5 volts AC?
IGNA7 CHECK VBAT AT COlL
Key OFF. Yes GO t o m .
Connect diagnostic cable coil tee to vehicle
No SERVICE power open
harness; do not connect diagnostic cable to
to coil in harness or
coil.
connector. REMOVE
KeyON.
all test equipment.
RECONNECT all
Measure voltage between Pin 2 (VBAT C) and
components. CLEAR
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-).
Continuous Memory.
Is voltage greater than 10 volts DC?
RERUN Quick Test.
I
IGNA8 CHECK FOR COlL (-1 SIGNAL
KeyOFF. Yes b REPLACE coil.
Connect BAT+ lead of TFI diagnostic cable to REMOVE all test
positive post of battery. equipment.
Connect 12 volt incandescent test lamp RECONNECT all
between Pin 1 (VEHICLE BAT+) and Pin 3 components. CLEAR
(COIL-). Continuous Memory.
Key ON. RERUN Quick Test.
Crank engine.
GO to
Did test lamp flash brightly?
I
IGNA9 CHECK FOR SPARK AT ALL WIRES
Use an Air Gap Spark Tester (D8 1P-6666-A) Yes b GO t o l m i i i 5 J .
or equivalent to check for spark at all wires. N0 b SERVICE distributor
Was spark present a t all plugs during
cap, rotor, plugs, or
crank?
plug wires. REMOVE
all test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
IGNA10 ( CHECK PLUGS
Remove and check plugs for damage, wear, Yes b Not an ignition
carbon deposits, and proper plug gap. problem, REFER to
Are plugs OK? Section 2A, Diagnostic
Routines.
No b SERVICE plugs.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.

GNA11 CHECK FOR PIP POWER AT PIP SENSOR
(DISTRIBUTOR)
Connect diagnostic cable PIP sensor tee to Yes GO to 1.-
PIP sensor (distributor) and vehicle harness. No SERVICE power to PIP
DVOM on DC volt scale. sensor (distributor) in
KeyON. harness or connector.
Measure voltage between Pin 22 (PIP PWR) REMOVE all test
and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). equipment.
Is voltage greater than 10 volts DC? RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
I
GNA12 CHECK PIP SENSOR
Key OFF. Yes CHECK PIP sensor
Disconnect diagnostic harness PIP sensor tee (distributor) wiring, if
from PIP sensor (distributor) only; leave PIP OK REPLACE
sensor tee connected to vehicle harness. distributor. REMOVE
DVOM on DC volt scale. all test equipment.
KeyON. RECONNECT all
Measure the voltage between Pin 34 (PIP) and components. CLEAR
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). Continuous Memory.
Is the voltage greater than 9 volts DC? RERUN Quick Test.
N0 GO t o m .
Key OFF. Yes REPLACE Ignition

Reconnect diagnostic harness PIP sensor tee Control Module.
to PIP sensor (distributor). REMOVE all test
Turn switch on diagnostic cable to NORMAL. equipment.
Disconnect diagnostic harness TFI module tee RECONNECT all
from lgnition Control Module only; leave TFI components. CLEAR
module tee connected to vehicle harness. Continuous Memory.
DVOM on AC range. RERUN Quick Test.
Crank engine and measure voltage between N0 GO to I-iGmq.
Pin 34 (PIP) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-).
I s voltage between 3.0 and 8.5 volts AC?
Ignition Systems 8B-3 1
@ Diagnosis and Testing IGNA
-
GNA14 CHECK PCM PIP SIGNAL
Key OFF. Yes REPLACE the PCM.
Disconnect diagnostic cable PIP sensor tee REMOVE all test
from PIP setisor (distributor) only; leave PIP equipment.
sensor tee connected to vehicle harness. RECONNECT all
Disconnect PCM. components. CLEAR
0 Measure the resistance between Pin 34 (PIP) Continuous Memory.
and ground. RERUN Quick Test.
Is the resistance greater than 10,000 No SERVICE PIP between
ohms? PIP sensor (distributor)
and PCM or lgnition
Control Module in
harness for short.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
1
GNAIS CHECK FOR SPOUT SIGNAL IN HARNESS
Turn switch to SPOUT OPEN position on Yes REPLACE lgnition
diagnostic cable. Control Module.
DVOM on AC range. REMOVE all test
Crank engine and measure voltage between equipment.
Pin 10 (SPOUT) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). RECONNECT all
Is voltage between 3.0 and 8.5 volts AC? components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
NOTE: Engine may start, continue diagnostics.
RERUN Quick Test.
N0
GNA16 ] CHECK SPOUT SIGNAL VOLTAGE
Disconnect diagnostic cable TFI module tee No GO toIIGNA171.
from lgnition Control Module only; leave TFI
module tee connected to vehicle harness.
Turn switch to NORMAL on diagnostic cable.
Measure voltage between Pin 10 (SPOUT) and
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-), with key ON.
Is voltage less than 0.5 volt DC?
Ignition Systems

Disconnect PCM. No SERVICE SPOUT
DVOM on DC volt scale. between PCM and
Measure voltage between Pin 10 (SPOUT) and lgnition Control Modulc
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-) with key ON. in harness for short t o
Is voltage less than 0.5 volt DC? power. REMOVE all
test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
1
GNA18 CHECK FOR SPOUT CIRCUIT SHORT TO
GROUND
Disconnect PCM. Yes GO to. -1
Measure resistance between Pin 10 (SPOUT) N0 SERVICE SPOUT
and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). circuit between PCM
Is resistance greater than 10K ohms? and lgnition Control
Module in harness for
short to ground.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
GNA19 / CHECK FOR PIP CIRCUIT OPEN
Key OFF. Yes
DVOM on AC volt scale. No
Install Breakout Box.
e Crank engine and measure voltage between
BOB Pin 56 (PIP) and BOB Pin 6 0 (GND).
I
GNA2O CHECK IGN GND AT PCM
Key OFF. Yes b REPLACE PCM.
Reconnect diagnostic cable TFI module tee to REMOVE all test
lgnition Control Module. equipment.
DVOM on ohm scale. RECONNECT all
Disconnect PCM. components. CLEAR
Measure resistance between Pin 16 (IGN Continuous Memory.
GND) of PCM harness connector and Pin 7 RERUN Quick Test.
(VEHICLE BAT-) at the breakout box. GO t o m .
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms?

1994 Powertrain Control /Emissions Diagnosis Aug 93

@
I TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

I
IGNA21 CHECK FOR IGN GND AT PIP SENSOR
Connect diagnostic cable PIP sensor tee to Yes SERVICE IGN GND
PIP sensor (distributor) and vehicle harness. between PCM and PIP
Measure resistance between Pin 35 (IGN sensor (distributor) in
GND) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). harness for open.
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms? REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
No SERVICE IGN GND
wire or REPLACE
distributor. IGN GND
open in PIP sensor.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
GNA22 CHECK PIP SIGNAL AT PIP SENSOR
Key OFF. Yes REPLACE distributor.
0 Connect diagnostic cable PIP sensor tee t o PIP open in PIP sensor
vehicle harness. (distributor). REMOVE
DVOM on DC volt scale. all test equipment.
KeyON. RECONNECT all
Measure the voltage between Pin 34 (PIP) and components. CLEAR
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). Continuous Memory.
I s the voltage greater than 9 volts DC? RERUN Quick Test.
N0 SERVICE PIP open in
harness between PCM
and PIP sensor
(distributor). REMOVE
all test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
IIR-RI Ignition Systems

1
3NA23 CHECK FOR COlL (-) OPEN IN HARNESS
Disconnect the PCM. No SERVICE open coil
Disconnect diagnostic cable TFI module tee between lgnition
from lgnition Control Module only; leave TFI Control Module and
module tee connected to vehicle harness. coil in harness.
Disconnect BAT+ lead of TFI diagnostic cable REMOVE all test
from battery. equipment.
DVOM on ohm scale. RECONNECT all
Measure the resistance between Pin 3 (COIL-) components. CLEAR
and Pin 4 (TF12 COIL-). Continuous Memory.
I s resistance less than 5.0 ohms? RERUN Quick Test.
Key OFF. Yes GO to IIGNA251.

Disconnect the PCM. N0 SERVICE coil - short to
DVOM on ohm scale. ground in harness
Measure resistance between Pin 3 (COIL-) between coil and
and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). lgnition Control
I s resistance greater than 10K ohms? Module. Coil may be
damaged. REMOVE all
test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
I
GNA25 CHECK FOR COlL (-) SHORT TO POWER
DVOM on DC volt scale. Yes GO~O-.
KeyON. N0 SERVICE coil - short to
Measure voltage between Pin 3 (COIL-) and power in harness
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). between coil and
I s voltage less than 5.5 volts DC? lgnition Control
Module. REMOVE all
test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
I
GNA26 CHECK GND AT IGNITION CONTROL MODULE
Key OFF. Yes REPLACE lgnition
DVOM on ohm scale. Control Module.
Measure resistance between Pin 9 (IGN GND) REMOVE all test
and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). equipment.
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms? RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
N0 GO to mI.
Diagnosis and Testing

1 IGNA27 1 CHECK GND AT PIP SENSOR
Connect diagnostic cable PIP sensor tee to Yes D SERVICE open GND in
the PIP sensor (distributor) and vehicle harness between PIP
harness. sensor (distributor)
Measure resistance between Pin 35 (GND) and Ignition Control
and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). Module. REMOVE all
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms? test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
SERVICE GND wire or
REPLACE distributor.
GND open in PIP
sensor (distributor) or
connector. REMOVE
all test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
AB-36 lanition Svstems
Diagnosis and Testing 2.0L IGNB
Code 2 12-IDM Missing (IGNB) (2.OL)
Key OFF. REPLACE PCM.

Install Rotunda Breakout Box 007-00033, or REMOVE all test
equivalent. equipment.
DVOM on AC volt scale. RECONNECT all
Crank engine and measure voltage between components. CLEAR
BOB Pin 4 (IDM) and ground. Continuous Memory.
I s voltage greater than 1.O volt AC? RERUN Quick Test.
I
GNB2 CHECK FOR IDM SHORT TO POWER
Key OFF. Yes
Connect TFI Diagnostic Cable 007-00097, or N0 SERVICE IDM short to
equivalent to PCM breakout box, connect BAT- power in harness
lead to negative post of battery, and connect between PCM
TFI module tee to vehicle harness. connector and lgnition
DVOM on DC volt scale. Control Module
KeyON. connector. REMOVE
Measure voltage between Pin 23 (IDM) and Pin all test equipment.
7 (VEHICLE BAT-). RECONNECT all
Is voltage less than 0.5 volt DC? components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
/
GNB3 CHECK FOR IDM SHORT TO GROUND
Key OFF. Yes GO to.1-
Disconnect PCM. No SERVICE IDM short to
DVOM on ohm scale. ground in harness
Measure resistance between Pin 23 (IDM) and between PCM
Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-). connector and lgnition
Is resistance greater than l 0 K ohms? Control Module
connector. REMOVE
all test equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
Diagnosis and Testing 2.0L IGNB

I
IGNB4 CHECK FOR IDM OPEN IN HARNESS
Disconnect PCM. Yes b REPLACE Ignition
Measure resistance between Pin 23 (IDM) Control Module.
diagnostic cable and Pin 4 of the PCM REMOVE all test
connector. equipment.
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms? RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
No b SERVICE IDM open in
harness between
Ignition Control Module
and PCM connector.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
-
Code 2 13 Timing Off (IGNC) (2.OL)
CAUTION: Do not use a remote starter while Yes b G o t o m .

doing timing check. 4' 0 b REFER t o Initial Timing
Key OFF. Set Procedure.
Install timing light.
Remove SPOUT in line connector.
Run engine at normal operating condition.
A17098-B
Is base timing within f3 degrees of

specified base timing (see Specifications
Chart at the end of this section)?
I
lGNC2 CHECK FOR SPARK ADVANCE
Key OFF. Yes b Not an ignition
e Reconnect SPOUT in line connector. problem. REFER to
Idle engine at normal operating condition. Section 2A, Diagnostic
Is timing between 6 degrees and 18 Routines.
degrees, and does spark advance from N0 b GO t o m ] .
base timing position?
Diagnosis and Testing 2.0L IGNC

0
- -

lGNC3 CHECK FOR GOOD SPOUT TO IGNITION
CONTROL MODULE -
Connect Rotunda TFI Diagnostic Cable Yes REPLACE lgnition

007-00097, or equivalent, to Rotunda Control Module.
Breakout Box 007-00033, or equivalent, REMOVE all test
connect BAT- lead to negative post of battery, equipment.
and connect lgnition Control Module and RECONNECT all
vehicle harness. components. CLEAR
Turn switch on diagnostic cable to SPOUT Continuous Memory.
OPEN. RERUN Quick Test.
Use TFI overlay on Breakout Box.
DVOM on AC volt scale.
N0 GO to.-I
Run engine and measure voltage between Pin
10 (SPOUT) and Pin 7 (VEHICLE BAT-).
1
IGNC4 CHECK FOR SPOUT OPEN IN HARNESS - -
Key OFF. Yes REPLACE PCM.

Disconnect PCM. REMOVE all test
Disconnect diagnostic cable TFI module tee equipment.
from lgnition Control Module only; leave TFI RECONNECT all
module tee connected to vehicle harness. components. CLEAR
DVOM on ohm scale. Continuous Memory.
Measure resistance between Pin 36 (SPOUT) RERUN Quick Test.
of the PCM vehicle harness connector and Pin N0 SERVICE SPOUT open
10 (SPOUT) at the breakout box.
in harness between
Is resistance less than 5.0 ohms?
PCM and lgnition
Control Module.
REMOVE all test
equipment.
RECONNECT all
components. CLEAR
Continuous Memory.
RERUN Quick Test.
8B-40 Ignition Systems
Diagnosis and Testing 2.0L IGND
lntermittent Miss or Stall (IGND) (2.OL)
Before conducting this test, talk to the customer to get the symptoms. Then review the vehicle history to get the
number of previous repairs and what components have been replaced.
TEST STEP RESULT bI ACTION TO TAKE

/
GNDl TEST EQUIPMENT
0 I s a Rotunda TFI/EEC-IV Intermittent Yes FOLLOW test
Ignition Analyzer 007-00078 or equivalent procedure instructions
available? supplied with tester.
NOTE: The TFI-IV intermittent analyzer cannot N0 GO t o llGNDpj.
be used with TFI-IV modules with Computer
Controlled Dwell (CCD) unless a CCD update
is added t o the analyzer.
GND2 BEGIN DIAGNOSIS

0 Will engine start? Yes b GO to(lGND31.
No b GO t o r n ] .
I
GND3 COLD WIGGLE TEST
0 Engine at idle, raise hood, shake wiring Yes b SERVICE wiring
harness and pull wires at connectors for harness or connector.
ignition components. N0 b GO t o.1-
0 Does engine quit?
IGND4 ENGINE WARM-UP
0 Engine at idle, close hood, A / C ON, blower on Yes
medium speed: allow engine to run for 15 No
minutes.
0 Does enaine auit?
0 Engine off, hood closed, hot soak for 10 Yes

minutes.
0 Will enaine restart?
0 Engine at idle, raise hood, shake wiring Yes b SERVICE wiring

harness and pull wires at connectors for harness or connector.
ignition components. N0 b GO to-l1.
0 Does engine quit?
IGND7 ROAD TEST
Road test. Yes b GO t o m ] .
Does engine quit? N0 b Test complete
(Problem not
duplicated).
1
IGND8 FINAL TEST
0 Raise hood, shake wiring harness, pull wires Yes b SERVICE wiring
at connectors, separate and reconnect harness or connector.
connectors for ignition components. No b GO to
0 Does engine start?
Ignition Systems 8B-4 1
Specifications/ Special Service Tools
Specifications
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Description Specification
Base Timing: I
1.3L 10 f 1 degrees BTDC
1.6L Non-Turbo 2 f 1 degrees BTDC
1.6L Turbo 12 f 1 degrees BTDC
Spark Plug Gap:
All Engines 1 1.0 - 1.09mm
1 (0.039 - 0.043 inch)
Firing Order: I
2.5L 1-2-3-4-5-6
Idle Speed:
1.3L ATX 750 f 50 rpm
1.3L MTX
1.6L
1 700 6 50 rpm
850 f 50 rpm
1.8L 750 f 50 rpm
2.0L 700 f 50 rpm
650 f 100 rpm
Special Service TooWEquipment
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS

Tool Number Description
D81P-6666-A Air Gap Spark Tester
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT
Model Description
059-000 14 ....-.,
. ... ....- Analv7or
Timinn --,
105-00053 1 88 Digital Multimeter

0 10-00575 I Engine Analyzer 1
105-00051 73 Digital Multimeter
007-00078 TFIIEEC-IV Intermittent Ignition
I 007-00097 I TFI-IV Diagnostic Cable

007-00033 Breakout Box
1 007-00083 I PIP Adapter

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1994 Powertrain--....
ControlIEmissions
JIEmissions Diagnosis Aug
~ u 93
g

Section 8B Lgnition Systems: 1994 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis

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Section 8B Lgnition Systems: 1994 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis

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SECTION 8B

Ignition and Timing Systems.............................................................

IgnitionControl Module (ICM) .........................................................

Ignition (IGN) Switch ....................................................................

1.3L Component Location ...........................................................

1.6L Component Location ...........................................................

1.8L Component Location ............................................................

2.OL Component Location ............................................................

2.5L Component Location ............................................................

Diagnosis and Testing..........................................................................

System Inspection ...........................................................................

ST1Connector Locations ............................................................

Base Timing Check ........................................................................

Vacuum Advance (ADV) (1.6L) ....................................................

Engine No Start (IGNA) (2.OL) .....................................................

Code 2 12-IDMMissing (IGNB) (2.OL) ..........................................

Intermittent Miss or Stall (IGND) (2.OL) .........................................8B-40

Specifications/Special Service Tools ..................................................8B-41

Special Service Tools / Equipment....................................................8B-41

http:llwww.techcapri.com Copyright (c) 1993, Ford Motor Company

Description and Operation

lgnition and Timing Systems

Primary lgnition Components

Secondary lgnition Components

Timing Advance Components

1.3L, 1.8L, 2.OL, and 2.5L

Description and Operation

lgnition Control Module (ICM)

Description and Operation

Description and Operation

lgnition (IGN) Switch

1.3L Component Location

Description and Operation

1.6L Component Location

Description and Operation

1.8L Component Location

Description and Operation

2.OL Component Location

2.5L Component Location

Diagnosis and Testing

1. Visually inspect the components of the ignition system.

2.OL SYMPTOM CHART

Symptom Action To Take

G e no start and code 21 1 -

TEST STEP RESULT

Connect an Air Gap Spark Tester Yes

Diagnosis and Testing All IGN

TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

0 Connect a Rotunda Engine Analyzer

EVENNESS FIRING VOLTAGE AVERAGE

Diagnosis and Testing All

TEST STEP ACTION TO TAKE

TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

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TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

TEST STEP RESULT b ACTION TO TAKE

TEST STEP RESULT bl ACTION TO TAKE

IGNQ CHECK SPARK FROM COIL