TEACHING APPROACH:

LITERATURE

Dr.Husniah Sahamid
Universiti Putra Malaysia
 Teaching Approach
Moody (1983: 23)
• to "provide a framework, or sequence of
operations to be used when we come to
actualities”
• each approach has its own target or aim.
Read more:
 Differing Philosophies
Richards and Rodgers (1986)
• different philosophies
• at level of approach
• reflected through different types of
activities
• in different uses for activity types.
 Importance
• acquainted with variety of approaches,
techniques, activities
• stimulate and develop students' interest
• knowledge of literature
 Approaches: variety
• Variety of approaches
• Overlapping
• Different names , almost similar approach
• Selected approaches for discussion
• Do own readings, references !
 Teaching approaches : selected
• 1. SKILLS BASED APPROACH
• 2. INFORMATION-BASED APPROACH
• 3. LANGUAGE-BASED APPROACH
• 4. PERSONAL RESPONSE APPROACH,
• 5. PARAPHRASTIC APPROACH,
• 6. MORAL-PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
• 7. STYLISTICS APPROACH
 Literature in the Classroom
• Regard inappropriate to the language
classroom
• Separation:
- study of language & study of literature,
- integrated approach to teaching literature in
the language classroom
 1. Skills Based Approach
Purpose(s) for reading
• gain information
• verify existing knowledge
• critique a writer's ideas or writing style.
• Enjoyment
• enhance knowledge language being read.
 Purpose of Reading
• determines the approach to reading
comprehension
• text :letters, words, sentences, paragraphs -
encode meaning.
AND
• Reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies
• to determine what that meaning is.
 Reading Resilience
Develop skill of reading resilience:
 ability to read and interpret
 complex and demanding literary texts.
 Decoding Skills
• automatic word recognition
• dependent on phonic knowledge
• allows reader to attend to meaning
SO
• slow, belabored decoding overloads
• short-term memory and impedes
comprehension.
 Skills Based Approach
• Reading skills: decoding, understanding
• Hierarchy of Reading tasks
• (Later: Barrets Taxonomy)
 Encoding Skills
• Writing tasks
• Reading, writing
• connections
 Skills - based approach
• Perceptual skills
• Recognize
• Identify
 Activities
• Keep a reading journal
• use to map:
• reflections,
• improve reading practices and skills
• understanding of reading text
 2. Information-Based approach
• teaching knowledge about literature
• source of information
• examine history, historical background
• characteristics of literary movements
 3. Language based approach
• Incorporate language and literature syllabus
by studying the language.
 4 Personal Response approach
(Thematic approach)
• Encourages learners’ active involvement
• emotionally, intellectually,
• draw own experiences, feelings, opinions

also known as Thematic approach

• texts chosen according to same theme
compare to learner
 5. Paraphrastic approach
• surface meaning of text
• paraphrase ,
• re-word the story in simpler language
• translating it into another language
• beginners of target language
 6. Moral-Philosophical approach
• read a particular literary text
• search for moral values
• awareness of values
• assist students to understand themes in future
readings.
 7. Stylistics Approach
• closer understanding ,appreciation of literary
text
• combination of linguistic analysis
• and literary critic (Lazar, 1993)
 Interpretation
• make meaningful interpretations
• Beyond surface meaning
 Example: activity
• Look at a text closely
• Mark certain linguistic features
• students to look at language features
• extracting possible clues
• contribute to meaning, interpretation of the
text (Carter, 1996).
End of notes