b

IWI!ES.
ZEWNICAII
ADVISORY
NA!I!RxUL CCM4WI%CEEAEROWJTICS,
EYXi

%* 2
i

As mmm
mm EYTHEusB
~ A sImwi$Rtm mwI@ ?

.by
George
deBcNhozat,‘
Aediynamical
~wt, ILA.
%A,
.

??a6hln@on,
3!!,1920.
I

---- -.. I
 . 3161-18

EERPORMANCES
AIRPLANE BYTHEUSE
AS INFLUENCED

03’
A SUPERCH&RGEl)
ENGXNE.
ByGeorgedeBdhezat,
Aerodsnuunical
Emert,
NationalAdvj.sory-
Committee
~orkcmau%ics.

Thequestion
of theinfluenos
of theuseofa supercharged
engine
onairpkneprformanoe
willbe treated
hereina first
approximate
ion,butonewhichgivesanexactideaof theadvantage
of supercharging.
Themethod
usedmaybedirectly
extended
to
treatthisproblem
without
anyof thesimplifying
assmptiorls
-e.
!Cheee
ass~pt&on8
aremadeexclusively
toallowaneasier
sW~eY
of theproblem.
Letus consider
anairplane
whiohclimbs
firstwithanordi-
naryengine,
notsupercharged,
(called
inthefollowing
caseI),
andafterwards
cIimbs
witha superckrged
engine(caseII),and
letus findthecliff
erence
of theceilings
rea~edinthetwocases.
WewiU assume
inbothoasesthepowsr~m
a ofthemotorat
sealevelto betheseine
andthoefficiencyq oftheprope12er
to bemaintained
oonstant
allthetime.Thisisquitepossible,
to a oertain
extent
fora propeller
withanadjustable
pitch$a
conclusion
reached
bytheory
andexpertientally
verified.
ina first
Incase1,we oanconsider approximation
thepower
&m ofthemotortobeproportional
tothedensity,
thatis,to
beexpressed
intheform
4 (1) J m =m&

4
whereS istheairdeneit~
ata givenheight~

-.
 -2- . 3161-18

m a Wnst_t coefficient
oharacterietic
forthemotorcon-
s$dereti,
assmingthenunber
USrevolutions
of themotorto&
keptnearly
cons%nt.
”
At sealevelwehave
(2)
whareso is thecorresponding
airdensity,
.:
W powerexpendedforhorizontal
flightat anyaltitude
is

where~ isthepropeller
efficiency
Q the~ropeller
thrust
~ theflyingspeed.
On theotherhandtheequatione
ofthehorizontal
steady
mo-
●

tionareoftheform

where~ isthetotalweight
of theairplane

48”’ & thedrag

~ andliftooeff
icients
(funot
ionsof the
angleofattack
only)
b thewingarea.
Comparing
(3)and(5),wefind
{6) Qv = p@ -+?. gA~3 ~
andfollowing
(7) L = &p3
Am”
an equation
thatfixestherelation
batwsen
theangleofattauk
~
andthespeed~ forhorizontal
flight
atanyaltitude
incase1.
I callolimbiuctzrvq
(gmC curve)theourveof~ plotted
J’
..
 -3- 3161-18

aglainst
i acoording
toequat
&on
(7)*
Letus nowplotona system
of ( V,i ) Ges theBystem
of
curves(seeequation
(4))
(8) 2
d%

fordifferent
values
of $ . I callthelastcurves’yelocitv
Ql@tQg(seefigure).As theheight# reachedbyanairplane
isa direct
fmctionof r (depending
won atmospheric
condi-
tions)
forthecurve(8)we canwe ~ asparamf3ter
instead
of
.
d. Ifweplotonthese(~~ } axesthe ~ curve(?),
eaohpoiat
of intersection curvewiththe C
ofa velocity ourve
givesfortheheight# corresponding
to thevelocity
curve
considered,
thevelocity~ andtheangleefattack~ ofthe
horizontal
flight
at theheight
# oftheairpl~ Considered.
Thatvelocity
curvewhichistangent
to the C curvegivesthe
t
value~= (case 1) oftheceiling
andthevalues
of / ati~
b corresponding
to thisOeiling.
Thelastvalueof theoeiZing
canalsobefouuddirectly
as follows:
Eliminating
v from (7) and(8), We f$.nd

P&o%
‘(9) 5“ = “—–
##-@
**

thatis,thedensityal (fOr 0as81]infactionofthean.

gleofattaok~ . me minimvm
valueof &z givenbythe
lastequation
wtllcorrespond
tothemaxti of theheight
# ,
ThusthevaluelM
thatis,to theOeiling. Oftheangleof
 -4” 3161-18

at%ack to~heceiling
corresponding incaseI willbefomd from
therelation

@V

and

(10) 5L&. +(-tj?)

Practically,
thebestwayistoplotthe curve(9)andfindita
minimun W cause& & &d
graphically, areempirical
fum-
% ●

t ions.
Itiseasyto seethattheangleofattackL& ,forwhich
●

istheseine
$, isminimum, amgleforwhichthepowerJ*
forflightat sealevelisminimum Infactwe have
expended
(u) da .QY= d. &o/i/f3
andreplacing
inthe
we get
(22) J R --

Themininnlm’
of 4
dlxe)&

that ia

Jj@=’,=)
==0
.
whichthusisthesmneanglei~
On the.
annexed
figure
arerepresented
thevelocity
curves
and

curveforcase1,whichcurves alltheforegoing.
fullyillustrate
Theceiling
isreached of ~0, at a Weed
atan angleofattack
..-
—..
 .5. 3161-18

andhasa valueof25~000
of 320ft./see. ft.
1%caseIIwe willhavethepower&mo maintained
constant
by thesupercharger,
uptoaceftaindtituds,
say2 O,OoOft.,
Afterwards
forexample. thepowerofthemotorwillagaindrop
ina firstapproximations
thedensity.
Letus firstass-
thelimit
possibilityof

ProSeeding
quitesimilarZy
tocase1,~ willfind
(13) d &
following

(14) Q&’

by (4)we get
anddividing .

a anequation
whichrepr%
sentstine m.uveinthelimiting
case11.
●

Plotting
this< curveon thevelocitycurve+,
wewill
-z
directily
seetheeucmousinoreassof ceiling
thatanudimited
wouldgive.Thefacttobenotedisthateven in
supercharging
thecaseofanunlimited
$uperc%rging
wereacha oeiling.
“ Inthislastcasethedensity
ourvehasforexpression

ani itsminim=,correspmding
to theceiling,
takesplaoeforthe
sameangleof atta* ($ asintheprecwling
case.
 .6: 3161-18
.
But theqercharging
ma.ixttains
thepoweronlyup to a Cer+
tai.n
altitude,
andafterthisaltituds
isreached
thepowerof the
motorwillvaryaocording
tothelaw
m) ‘ CL
c
~ =~ g
wherethevalveof~= hasto betakenfromtherelation
(19) L *O = “me&c
4s
c beingthedensity
at thelimitheight
up towhichthesupsr-
charger
maiht
sinsthepo~r. !l?he
airplatle
willstarttoclimb
fromthisaltitude
as E werethesealevel.
Afterthedensity hasbee;tieaohed,
theremustac-
oordingly
arisea sudden
change in the car w of *he C“ cimve4
Itssecond
branchc; as 2seasyto eee, by
begiven,
therelation
(20) P-,
-~ c
A
=$6X
andthe o&responding
~~ densityouwewillbe

anditsminimuntakes plaoe,
as itiseasyto see,fortheseine
.
amgleof attaok
“h ,whiohminimum fixesthevalueofthe
ceilinginthislastcaseof supercharging,

- c; ourve and the~= ourveneoes

SEAIYintersect
on the veloc%ty
ourve
 $ .. ..

. -?7- 3353-18

corresponding
to the valw xc of thedensity
up towhiohthe
s~ercbarging
mintaim themoto~power.
Intheeaseofourfigure
thece%l.ing
from25,000
ft.is
ft.,thesupercharging
inoreasedto 37,(XX3 maintaining
thepower
\
onlyup to 20,m ft. Thismakes,inccmpm?ison
withcaseI ofan
enginewithout
superchar&.ng,
an increase
of theoeiltng
of”
.
about50percent.
1 of engine
WethusseetheWIM1O5mportanoe superoharging~
whiohhasforgeneral
result an increase
so sensible of ceiUngD