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Electrical Notes - Good PDF
Electrical Notes - Good PDF
Power (KW/KVA/HP)
Rated Current.
System Voltage
Breaking Capacity
Making Capacity
Category A or B
Suitability to site Condition (Indian
Condition)
Maintenance Definitions
Effect of harmonics
Calculation Formulas
System for HT/ LT connection
• HVPN Supply
• GO Switch
• HT Metering
• VCB
• Transformer
• LT Panel ( Power control centre, Power factor panel,
AMF)
• Distribution Panel
• Sub Distribution panel
Selection Of GO Switch
Gang Operated Switch
Comprises of :- Lightning
Arresters, GO (gang
operated) switch, Drop off
Fuse(DO), Plate Earthings
two Nos.
for LA (lightening arrestor)
& GO switch.
Selected at 11KV Only.
Selection of CT & PT
• CT (Current Transformer /5A)
Selected as per the full load
current of Transformer.
• PT ( Potential Transformer) As per
the system
Voltage.(11Kv/220v/110v/24V)AC
• Calculation of HT Current for CT
KVA/11KV/1.732
• Example:- Transformer rating ( HT
current for CT/PT selection)
500Kva/11KV/1.732 = 26.24
• Tri vector Meter selected as per
HT Current.
VCB Panel
• Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• For Switching carrying
Normal Current and
Breaking abnormal current
at High Voltage.
• 630A ( Short circuit current)
and Above.
• Over Load, Short Circuit &
E/F protections.
• Measurement of current,
Voltage etc.
Transformer
• 11KV( input)/433V ( Output)
• Selection of Transformer as
per Total load.
• Buckle relay and winding
temperature for safety of
Transfer. These help to trip
VCB.
• Silica gel to check moisture
content. If blue- Ok, If white
or light pink- replace it.
LT Panels
LOAD - 900 KW
Line Contactor
Overload
% VOLTS
100
80
60 Run
40 Start
20
0
TIME
Primary
START
Run Contactor Resistance
% VOLTS
100
80
60 Run
40
Start
20
0
TIME
START Star Point Auto-
Contactor
transformer
Transformer
Contactor
% VOLTS
100
80
60 Run
40 Start
20
0
TIME
EBG – Electrical Standard Products
Basics of AC Drives
TERMINATION WITH
BUSBAR/LINK
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
TERMINATION WITH
LUGS
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
DON’T
DO
MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker),
• Rated current not more than 63 A, Thermal or
thermal-magnetic operation.
MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)
• Rated current above 32 A upto 630 A, Trip
current may be adjustable, Thermal or
thermal-magnetic operation.
Air Circuit Breaker
ACB
Cable Selection
• Armoured Cables ( For Out door, under ground)
• Unarmoured Cables ( for indoor but open in cable trays)
• Submersible cables
• Size of Cable ( as per load)
• Insulation on cable ( PVC, XLPE)
• Core 3 ( where neutral not required) or 3 ½ cable ( where
neutral required)
• 3 core cable in HT, Motor, capacitor
• 3 ½ Core in light load,
Insulation over cable
• Poly Vinyl Chloride
• Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE)- Less
deformation below 100°C, Lower in cost,
Lower dissipation factor, Lower dielectric
constant, Higher dielectric strength Physically
tougher, More resistant to chemicals, More oil
resistant
Colour Code for Cables
Single Phase System Three phase System
Live Red Red, Yellow, Blue
Neutral Black Black
Ground Green Green
EARTHING
• SYSTEM EARTHING
• EQUIPMENT EARTHING
• LIGHTNING PROTECTION EARTHING
• STATIC EARTHING
SYSTEM EARTHING
SYSTEM EARTHING IS THE EARTHING
ASSOCIATED WITH THE CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTOR (USUALLY THE NEUTRAL POINT OF
THE TRANSFORMER OR GENERATOR) AND IS
NORMALLY ESSENTIAL FOR THE SECURITY OF
THE SYSTEM.
3. PRESERVATION OF SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
REDUCTION IN SHOCK HAZARDS
CASE 1 : NO EQUIPMENT EARTHING
LOAD
SOURCE V
SYSTEM
EARTHING
REDUCTION IN SHOCK HAZARDS
CASE 3 : EQUIPMENT EARTHING WITH PE CONDUCTOR
LOAD
SOURCE V
SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
EARTHING EARTHING
Difference between Pipe and Plate Earthing
• Design Details :
1. Earthing Pit : Size 1000 X 1000 X 1800 mm
Depth.M.S. / C.I. Plate : 500 X 500 X 8 mm
Thick.
2. Electrode Assembly : 40 mm Ø GI / CI
Perforated pipe duly fitted or welded with base
plate and 50 X 6 mm flat termination taken on
top for equipment earthing as shown in drawing.
Standard Pipe & Plate Type Earthing Design for the 11
Kv. System Equipments, Distribution Transformer
Centers, L.T. Distribution System Equipments
4. Mixture - I : Homogeneous mixture of black
soft soil 0.3 CMT. approx.
5. Mixture - II : Homogeneous mixture of
common salt 25 Kgs. + wood charcoal pieces
25 Kgs. + Black soft soil 1 CMT. Approx.
6. Crushed Rock pieces Gravel Size 50 X 35 mm
0.1 CMT. Approx.
7. Arrangement for earthing lead terminations
from equipment body, and connection for
main earthing Grid.
Typical arrangement for Pipe
electrode earthing pit (Bore Type)
• Design Details :
1. 75 mm thick RCC Cover.
2. 300 mm Ø 6000 mm deep (Approx. 20 ft.)
bore in the earth.
3. 65 mm Ø 6000 mm long (Approx 20 ft.) G.I.
pipe electrode. Forged at the top up to 75 mm
length and 12 mm hole provided for taking
earthing connection.
4. A homogeneous mixture of 50 kgs. wooden
coal pieces + 50 kgs. common salt
5. Water pouring purpose at the time of routine
maintenance
No. of earthing Required
• Equipment Pipe Plate
• GO Switch - 2
• HT metering panel 1 1
• Transformer 1 2
• LT Panel - 2
• Electric Motor 1 -
HP of Motor
HP of Motor= QH/4500/efficiency
Q= Discharge in LPM
H= Head of pump in meters
Efficiency varies from 65% to 85%
Motor Start Theory
ME00107A
Type of Insulation and Enclosures for electric
motors
• Insulation Class of winding wire
Class Y- 90°C, Class A- 105°C, Class E- 120°C, Class B- 130°C,
Class H- 180°C
To be used as application.
• Enclosures
Screen Protected, screen protected drip proof, Splash proof,
Totally enclosed fan cooled, Totally enclosed and separately
air cooled, totally enclosed air circuit motor, direct ventilated
motor
Detail of TRANSFORMER and its Accessories
Descripition of Transformer Capacity
1 KVA of Transformer 100 150 200 250
2 KW of TR. at P.F -0.8 75 125 175 200
3 Full load current of TR. 150 200 250 347
Details of accessories to
run the transformer
4 Size of cable 3-core
H.T.side ( Aluminium ) in mm2 35 35 35 35
5 Size of cable 3 1/2 core
L.T. side(Aluminium ) in mm2 1x185 sqmm 1x240 sqmm 1x240 sqmm 2X185 sqmm
Metering panel with C.T./P.T
6 unit 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V
Trivector meter as per TR.
7 rating 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V 15/5 A/110 V
HT VCB/SF-6 panel with HT
8 metering
As per TR. Rating. NA NA NA NA
G.O.switch with all
9 accessories I/C D.O.fuse ,
lighting arrestor and stay wire
set, earthing etc. Required Required Required Required
HT current of TR.- on HT side
10 (Amp.) 5.24 7.88 10.5 13.33
11 Impedance % 4 4 4.75 4.75
Capocitor for TR (KVAR) only
12 for TR losses 4 5 7 10
Descripition of Transformer Capacity
1 KVA of Transformer 315 400 500 630
2 KW of TR. at P.F -0.8 252 320 400 604
3 Full load current of TR. 433 530 687 866
Details of accessories to
run the transformer
4 Size of cable 3-core
H.T.side ( Aluminium ) in mm2 35 50 50 50
5 Size of cable 3 1/2 core
L.T. side(Aluminium ) in mm2 2X240 sqmm 2X240 sqmm 3X240 sqmm 3X240 sqmm
Metering panel with C.T./P.T
6 unit 20/5 A/110 V 25/5 A/110 V 30/5 A/110 V 50/5 A/110 V
Trivector meter as per TR.
7 rating 20/5 A/110 V 25/5 A/110 V 30/5 A/110 V 50/5 A/110 V
HT VCB/SF-6 panel with HT
8 metering
As per TR. Rating. Required Required Required Required
G.O.switch with all
9 accessories I/C D.O.fuse ,
lighting arrestor and stay wire
set, earthing etc. Required Required Required Required
HT current of TR.- on HT side
10 (Amp.) 16.8 21.33 26.66 40.26
11 Impedance % 4.75 4.75 4.75 5
Capocitor for TR (KVAR) only
12 for TR losses 12.5 20 25 30
Descripition of
Transformer Capacity
1 KVA of Transformer 800 1000 1250 1600 2000
2 KW of TR. at P.F -0.8 640 800 1000 1280 1600
3 Full load current of TR. 1100 1375 1718 2199 2740
Details of accessories to
run the transformer
4 Size of cable 3-core
H.T.side ( Aluminium ) in
mm2 70 70 95 125 125
Bus duct 1200 Bus duct 1600 Bus duct 2000 Bus duct 2500 Bus duct 4000
5 Size of cable 3 1/2 core A A A A A
L.T. side(Aluminium ) in
mm2 3X400 sqmm 4X400 sqmm N/A N/A N/A
Metering panel with C.T./P.T
6 unit 50/5 A/110 V 60/5 A/110 V 70/5 A/110 V 100/5 A/110 V 125/5 A/110 V
Trivector meter as per TR.
7 rating 50/5 A/110 V 60/5 A/110 V 70/5 A/110 V 100/5 A/110 V 125/5 A/110 V
HT VCB/SF-6 panel with
8 HT metering
As per TR. Rating. Required Required Required Required Required
G.O.switch with all
9 accessories I/C D.O.fuse ,
lighting arrestor and stay
wire set, earthing etc. Required Required Required Required Required
HT current of TR.- on HT
10 side (Amp.) 42.66 53.33 66.66 85.33 106.66
11 Impedance % 5 5 5 6.25 6.25
Capocitor for TR (KVAR)
12 only for TR losses 35 50 50 75 100
NOTE :-
HT VCB / SF-6 as incomer of Transformer on HT side ( and required as per
a) Electricity Board norms )
c) CT ratio - 30/30/5 amp. ( separate for metering and separate for protection.)
2 KW 4 6 8 12 12 16 20 24 24 32 40 50 50 60 66
3 AMPS 6.95 10.4 13.9 20.8 20.8 27.8 34.75 41.7 41.7 55.6 69.5 86.9 86.9 104 114.6
1 KVA 100 125 160 180 200 250 320 380 437 500 625 750 1000
2 KW 80 100 128 144 160 200 256 304 350 400 500 600 800
3 AMPS 139 173.7 222.4 250 278 348 445 528 608 614 868.8 1043 1390
4 BHP 127 154 205 231 255 306 380 450 530 614 750 890 1180
Detail of DIRECT ON LINE ( DOL ) starter with all type of possible
accessories
S.No.
DESCREPTION OF MOTOR
1 HP-3Phase 415 V AC 0.5 0.75 1 1.5
2 KW of Motor 0.37 0.55 0.75 1.1
3 Full load current of Motor
in amp. 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.6
EQUIPMENT TO START THE MOTOR BELOW FOR EACH MOTOR
4 MPCB as incomer. In amp. MPCB MPCB MPCB MPCB
1-1.6 A 1-1.6 A 1.6-2.5 A 2.5-4 A
5 Contactor rating in amp. 1x9 amp 1x9 amp 1x9 amp 1x9 amp
6 Single phase preventor 415 v
AC. A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R
7 Control MCB SP.( single pole
) 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP
8 Push Botton ( START &
STOP ) 1 NO+1 NC 2-Nos 2-Nos 2-Nos 2-Nos
9 On Indication ( LED 220 V
AC ) 1-Nos 1-Nos 1-Nos 1-Nos
10 Cable for supply side 3 1/2
core COPPER 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm
11 Cable for Motor side 3-core
COPPER. 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm 1.5 sq mm
Detail of DIRECT ON LINE ( DOL ) starter with all type of possible
accessories
S.No DESCREPTION OF
. MOTOR
1 HP-3Phase 415 V AC 2 3 5 7.5 10
2 KW of Motor 1.5 2.25 3.75 5.5 7.5
3 Full load current of
Motor in amp. 3.5 5 7.5 11 14
EQUIPMENT TO START THE MOTOR BELOW FOR EACH MOTOR
4 MPCB as incomer. In
amp. MPCB MPCB MPCB MPCB MPCB
2.5-4 A 4-6.3 A 6-10 A 9-15 A 9-15 A
5 Contactor rating in amp. 1x9 amp 1x9 amp 1x12 amp 1x18 amp 1x25 amp
6 Single phase preventor
415 v AC. A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R
7 Control MCB SP.( single
pole ) 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP
8 Push Botton ( START &
STOP ) 1 NO+1 NC 2-Nos 2-Nos 2-Nos 2-Nos 2-Nos
9 On Indication ( LED 220
V AC ) 1-Nos 1-Nos 1-Nos 1-Nos 1-Nos
10 Cable for supply side 3
1/2 core COPPER 2.5 sq mm 2.5 sq mm 2.5 sq mm 4 sq mm 4 sq mm
11 Cable for Motor side 3-
core COPPER. 2.5 sq mm 2.5 sq mm 2.5 sq mm 4 sq mm 4 sq mm
Single phase preventor 415 v AC = A/P/R ( AS PER REQUIRMENT )
Detail of STAR/DELTA starter with all type of possible accessories
DESCREPTION OF
S.No. MOTOR
1 HP-3Phase 415 V AC 15 20 25 30 35
2 KW of Motor 11 15 18.5 22 26
Full load Line current of
3 Motor in amp. 21 28 35 40 47
Phase current of Motor in
4 amp. 12 16 20 23 27
EQUIPMENT TO START THE MOTOR BELOW FOR EACH MOTOR
MPCB/MCCB as incomer.
5 In amp. MPCB MPCB MCCB MCCB MCCB
19-25 A 24-32 A 63 A 100 A 100 A
6 Contactor rating in amp. 3x25 amp 3x32 amp 3x32 amp 3x40 amp 3x40 amp
7 Motor protection relay -MPR Not-req Not-req MPR MPR MPR
( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A )
8 Timers 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec
Single phase preventor 415
9 v AC. A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R
10 Control MCB SP. 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP
11 Amp. Meter 0-50 amp 0-50 amp 0-50 amp 0-50 amp 0-75 amp
12 CT,s ( -/5 amp ) 50/5 amp 50/5 amp 50/5 amp 50/5 amp 75/5 amp
Cable for supply side 3 1/2
13 core ALUMINIUM 10 sq mm 10 sq mm 16 sq mm 16 sq mm 25 sq mm
Cable for Motor side 3-core
14 ALUMINIUM. 2x6 sq mm 2x6 sq mm 2x10 sq mm 2x10 sq mm 2x16 sq mm
Detail of STAR/DELTA starter with all type of possible accessories
DESCREPTION OF
S.No. MOTOR
1 HP-3Phase 415 V AC 40 50 60 75 90
2 KW of Motor 30 37 45 56 67.5
Full load line current of
3 Motor in amp. 55 66 80 100 120
Phase current of Motor in
4 amp. 30 35 45 57 69
EQUIPMENT TO START THE MOTOR BELOW FOR EACH MOTOR
MPCB/MCCB as incomer.
5 In amp. MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB
100 A 100 A 125 A 160 A 200 A
6 Contactor rating in amp. 3x40 amp 3x50 amp 3x70 amp 3x80 amp 3x110amp
7 Motor protection relay -MPR MPR MPR MPR MPR MPR
( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A )
8 Timers 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec
Single phase preventor 415
9 v AC. A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R
10 Control MCB SP. 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP
11 Amp. Meter 0-75 amp 0-100 amp 0-100 amp 0-150 amp 0-150 amp
12 CT,s ( -/5 amp ) 75/5 amp 100/5 amp 100/5 amp 150/5 amp 150/5 amp
Cable for supply side 3 1/2
13 core ALUMINIUM 25 sq mm 35 sq mm 50 sq mm 70 sq mm 70 sq mm
Cable for Motor side 3-core
14 ALUMINIUM. 2x16 sq mm 2x16 sq mm 2x25 sq mm 2x25 sq mm 2x50 sq mm
Detail of STAR/DELTA starter with all type of possible accessories
DISCREPTION OF
S.No. MOTOR
1 HP-3Phase 415 V AC 100 125 150 175 200 250
2 KW of Motor 75 90 112 132 150 187
Full load line current
3 of Motor in amp. 135 165 200 230 275 323
Phase current of Motor
4 in amp. 78 95 115 133 159 185
EQUIPMENT TO START THE MOTOR BELOW FOR EACH MOTOR
MPCB/MCCB as
5 incomer. In amp. MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB
250 A 250 A 400 A 400 A 400 A 630A
6 Contactor rating in amp. 3x110amp 3x140amp 3x140amp 3x200amp 3x200amp 3x265amp
Motor protection relay -
7 MPR MPR MPR MPR MPR MPR MPR
( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A ) ( 2.5-5 A )
8 Timers 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec 0-60 sec
Single phase preventor
9 415 v AC. A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R A/P/R
10 Control MCB SP. 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP 6 amp SP
11 Amp. Meter 0-150 amp 0-250 amp 0-250 amp 0-250 amp 0-400 amp 0-400 amp
12 CT,s ( -/5 amp ) 150/5 amp 250/5 amp 250/5 amp 250/5 amp 400/5 amp 400/5 amp
Cable for supply side 3 2x120 sq 2x150 sq
13 1/2 core ALUMINIUM 95 sq mm 120 sq mm 240 sq mm 240 sq mm mm mm
Cable for Motor side 3- 2x50 sq 2x70 sq 2x120 sq 2x185 sq
14 core ALUMINIUM. mm mm 2x95 sq mm 2x95 sq mm mm mm
IMPORTANT - ALL THE POWER CONNECTION OF STARTER IN SIDE THE PANEL WITH SOLID BUS BARS 50 HP AND ABOVE.
VIDEO ON STAR - DELTA STARTER
500
160KVA
Power of the transformer KVA
48.0 KA =Icc downstream
250KVA the transformer
400KVA
630KVA
Maine line (Alu or Copper)
800KVA
a=alu (cu by default) a
1000KVA
Lenght 5 m
1250KVA
Cross section 800 mm²
1600KVA
45.3KA
2000KVA
2500KVA
Secundary level (Alu or Copper)
a=alu (cu by default) a
Lenght 10 m
Cross section 240 mm²
33.1 KA
Icc3 = 0.75 KA
Icc1 = 0.60 KA
Thank You