For F2:

Physics 2 (Reviewer) 𝑞2 𝑞3
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅 )
Example 1: Two point charges are located on 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅2 |3 2
the x-axis of a coordinate system: q1=1.0 µC is
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 NOTE: final minus initial here
𝑅2 = (4 − 0)𝑎
at x=2.0 cm and q2= -3.0µC is at x=4.0cm.
What is the total electric force exerted by q1 the initial is coming from the second charge
and q2 on a charge q3= 5.0µC at x=0? which is negative and the final is the third
charge (charges are of the different signs,
Formula: F=F1 + F2 negative attracted to positive and vice versa);
𝑞1 𝑞3 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅2 is positive
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅 )
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅1 |3 1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅2 = (4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑐𝑚
𝑞2 𝑞3
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅 )
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅1 |3 2 𝑅2 = √42 = 4𝑐𝑚

⃗⃗⃗⃗
(−3𝑥10−6 )(5𝑥10−6 )
𝐹2 = 3
(4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑐𝑚
Q3=5.0µC Q1=1.0µC Q2=-3.0µC −2
4𝜋𝜀0 (|4𝑥10 |)

2.0cm (−3𝑥10−6 )(5𝑥10−6 )

⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = 3
(4𝑥10−2 )
−2
4.0cm 4𝜋𝜀0 (|4𝑥10 |)
Solution: ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = 84.26µ𝑁
𝑞1 𝑞3
For F1: ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = 4𝜋𝜀 (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 )
3
0 |𝑅1 |

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 NOTE: final minus initial, initial

𝑅1 = (0 − 2)𝑎 Adding the two forces:
position coming from the first charge to third ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑇 = (−112.35 + 84.26)𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 µ𝑁
charge, both charges are positive so they
repel; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 is negative. 𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅: 𝐹 = −28.09 µ𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 = (−2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑐𝑚

𝑅1 = √−22 = 2𝑐𝑚 Example 2: Two equal positive charges

q1=q2=2.0 µC are located at x=0, y=0.30m and
(1𝑥10−6 )(5𝑥10−6 ) x=0, y= -0.30m; respectively what are the
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑐𝑚 (charge raised to
(−2𝑎
4𝜋𝜀0 |2𝑐𝑚|3
magnitude and direction of the total electric
negative 6 to convert from µC to C)
force that q1 and q2 exert on a third charge,
(5𝑥10−6 )(−2𝑥10−2 )⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 Q=4.0µC at x=0.40m, y=0?
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = 3 NOTE: cm was
4𝜋𝜀0 (|2𝑥10−2 |)
Formula:
converted to meter (for N)
𝑞1 𝑄
−6
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = 𝑎 )
(⃗⃗⃗⃗
(5𝑥10 ) 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅1 |3 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = − 2
4𝜋𝜀0 (|2𝑥10−2 |) 𝑞2 𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = 𝑎 )
(⃗⃗⃗⃗
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅2 |3 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = −112.35µ𝑁

Cabrera_BSECE1B:>
 Solution (SECOND METHOD):

(0, 0.3); q1 = 2µC Add the unit vectors first since the two pt.
charges are of the same value.
(0.4, 0); Q = 4µC
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑇 = [0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + −0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 ] + [ 0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 ] = 0.8

(2𝑥10−6 ) (4𝑥10−6 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑇 = (0.8𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑐𝑚
(0, -0.3); q2 = 2µC 4𝜋𝜀0 |0.5𝑐𝑚|3

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅: 𝐹 = (0.23𝑎

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑁
Solution (FIRST METHOD):
For F1:
Example 3: A 2mC positive charge is located in
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 = (0.4 − 0)𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 NOTE: final
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + (0 − 0.3)𝑎
vacuum at P1 (3,-2,-4) and a 5µC negative
minus initial, final is the reference pt. charge charge is at P2 (1,-4,2). (a) Find the vector
which is Q, initial is q1 force on the negative charge. (b) What is the
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 = 0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + −0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 magnitude of the force on the charge at P1?
Formula:
𝑅1 = √0.42 + −0.32 = 0.5𝑚
𝑞1 𝑞2
−6 −6 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = 𝑎 )
(⃗⃗⃗⃗
(2𝑥10 ) (4𝑥10 ) 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅1 |3 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = (0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + −0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑐𝑚
4𝜋𝜀0 |0.5𝑐𝑚|3 𝑞1 𝑞2
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = 𝑎 )
(⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = (0.23𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + −0.17𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑁 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅2 |3 2

For F2:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅2 = (0.4 − 0)𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + (0 − (−0.3))𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅2 = 0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦

𝑅2 = √0.42 + 0.32 = 0.5𝑚

(2𝑥10−6 ) (4𝑥10−6 ) Solution:

⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = (0.4𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑐𝑚
4𝜋𝜀0 |0.5𝑐𝑚|3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 = (3 − 1)𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + (−2 − −4)𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + (−4 − 2)𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 = (0.23𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.17𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅1 = 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + −6𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧

Adding the two forces: 𝑅1 = √22 + 22 + −62 = 6.63𝑚

(2𝑥10−3 )(5𝑥10−6 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑇 = (0.23𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + −0.17𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑁 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = (2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + −6𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 )𝑐𝑚
4𝜋𝜀0 |6.63𝑐𝑚|3

(0.23𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.17𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 )𝑁 = 0.46𝑁 𝐴. 𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅:

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅: 𝐹 = (0.23𝑎

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 )𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹1 = 0.62𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 0.62𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + −1.85𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧

𝐵. 𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅: 𝐹 = 2.05𝑁

Cabrera_BSECE1B:>
Example 4: A uniform sheet of charge with For simplicity:
ρs=(-1/3π) nC/m2 is located at z=5m and a q q
⃗E = or ⃗E = 2 4𝜋𝜀 (a⃗ )2
uniform line charge with ρs=(-25/9) mC/m is 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑅|2 0

located at z=-3m, y=3m. Find the electric field q q

B at (0,-1,0)m. (2 ) √2 ( )
⃗E = − 4𝜋𝜀 0 4𝜋𝜀 0
=−
√2(⃗a)2 ⃗ )2
(a

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅: magnitude in the -y direction

Example 5: A point charge is placed at each
corner of a square with side length a. The q
4√2 (𝜋𝜀 )
charges all have the same magnitude q. Two ⃗E = 0
(⃗a)2
of the charges are positive and two are
negative. What is the direction of the net **EVALUATE: We must add the y-
electric field at the center of the square due to components of the fields, not their
the four charges, and what is its magnitude in magnitudes.
terms of q and a?

Distance from corner

to center is like
getting the
hypotenuse of a right
triangle.

NOTE: The net electric field is the vector sum

of the individual fields.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑇 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 + 𝐸4
q ⃗⃗
R
⃗ =
E (⃗a) where: a
⃗ =
4𝜋𝜀 0 |𝑅|2 R

𝑎⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦
⃗ =
R
2

𝑎 2 𝑎 2 𝑎
R = √( ) + ( ) =
2 2 √2
𝑎𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦
⃗E =
q 2
2
( 𝑎 )
𝑎
4𝜋𝜀0 | | √2
√2

Cabrera_BSECE1B:>