Integration – HSC

Question 1s

1. '95 1e Find a primitive function of 2 x + 11 .

*2. '96 1e Find a primitive function of 6 − x −3 .

3. '98 1d Find a primitive function of x 2 + 7 .

4. '03 1e Find a primitive of 3 x 2 − 8 .

Question 2s

5. '97 2b The graph of y = f ( x ) passes through the point (1, 4 ) and f ′ ( x ) = 2 x + 7 . Find f ( x ) .

∫
1
6. '98 2b(i) Evaluate dx .
1 x2

∫
8
*7. '07 2b(ii) Evaluate dx .
1 x2

8. '09 2b (i) Find ∫ 5 dx

∫(
3
(ii) Find dx
x − 6)
2

∫ ( x + x ) dx
4
2
(iii) Evaluate
1

6
*9. '10 2e Given that
∫ 0
( x + k ) dx = 30 and k is a constant, find the value of k .
Question 3s

*10. '09 3d The diagram shows a block of land and its dimensions in metres. The block of land is
bounded on one side by a river. Measurements are taken perpendicular to the line AB , from
AB to the river at equal intervals of 50 m.

Use Simpson’s rule with 6 sub-intervals to find an approximation to the area of the block of
land.

Question 4s

11. '95 4c Consider the function y = 2 x .

x −1 0 1 2 3
2x

(i) Copy and complete the above table in your Writing Booklet.

(ii) Using Simpson’s rule with these five function values, find an estimate for the area
shaded in the diagram below.
y
y = 2x

−1 O 3 x
*12. '96 4a The region which lies between the x axis and the line y = x + 1 from x = 0 to x = 3 is rotated
about the x axis to form a solid.
y

y = x +1

O 3 x

Find the volume of the solid.

*13. '96 4b Let f ( x ) = 25 − x 2 .

(i) Copy the following table of values into your Writing Booklet and supply the missing
values.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f ( x) 5.000 4.583 0.000

(ii) Use these six values of the function and the trapezoidal rule to find the approximate
5

value of
∫ 0
25 − x 2 dx .

(iii) Draw the graph of x 2 + y 2 = 25 and shade the region whose area is represented by the
5

integral
∫ 0
25 − x 2 dx .

25π
(iv) Use your answer to part (iii) to explain why the exact value of the integral is .
4

(v) Use your answers to part (ii) and part (iv) to find an approximate value for π .

14. '97 4a The table shows the values of a function f ( x ) for five values of x .

x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
f ( x) 5 1 −2 3 7

3
Use Simpson’s rule with these five values to estimate
∫1
f ( x ) dx
15. '98 4a The following table lists the values of a function for three values of x .

x 1.0 2.0 3.0

f ( x) 1.7 9.0 4.3

3
Use these three function values to estimate
∫1
f ( x ) dx by:

(i) Simpson’s rule

(ii) the trapezoidal rule.

16. '99 4c The diagram shows the graph of the function y = 4 x − x 2 .

(i) Find the x coordinate of the point B where the curve crosses the positive x axis.

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region contained by the curve y = 4 x − x 2 and the x axis.

(iii) Write down a pair of inequalities that specify the shaded region.

*17. '02 4d The graphs of y = 2 x and y = 6 x − x 2 intersect at the origin and point B .

(i) Show that the coordinates of B are ( 4,8) .

(ii) Find the shaded area bounded by y = 6 x − x 2 and y = 2 x .

18. '03 4c The graphs of y = x − 4 and y = x 2 − 4 x intersect at the points ( 4, 0 ) and A , as shown in the
diagram.

(i) Find the coordinates of A .

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region bounded by y = x 2 − 4 x and y = x − 4 .

*19. '06 4b In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the parabola y = x 2 + 1 , the y -axis and the
line y = 5 .

Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated about the y -axis.

*20. '11 4d (i) Differentiate y = 9 − x 2 with respect to x .

∫
6x
(ii) Hence or otherwise find dx .
9 − x2

Question 5s

21. '96 5a The graph of y = f ( x ) passes through the point (1,3) , and f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2 . Find f ( x ) .
*22. '99 5c The graph of the function f is shown in the diagram. The shaded areas are bounded by

y = f ( x ) and the x axis. The shaded area A is 8 square units, the shaded area B is 3 square
units and the shaded area C is one square unit.

5
Evaluate
∫ −2
f ( x ) dx

*23. '01 5d The diagram shows the cross-section of a creek, with depths of the creek shown in metres at
4 metre intervals. The creek is 12 metres in width.

(i) Use the trapezoidal rule to find an approximate value for the area of the cross-section.
(ii) Water flows through this section of the creek at a speed of 0.5 ms −1 .
Calculate the approximate volume of water that flows past this section in one hour.

Question 6s

y2
24. '95 6a A glass has a shape obtained by rotating part of the parabola x = about the y axis as
30
shown. The glass is 10 cm deep.

Find the volume of liquid which the glass will hold.

*25. '02 6b The gradient function of a curve is given by f ′ ( x ) = 3 ( x + 1)( x − 3) and the curve y = f ( x )
passes through the point ( 0,12 ) .

(i) Find the equation of the curve y = f ( x ) .

(ii) Sketch the curve y = f ( x ) , clearly labelling turning points and the y intercept.

(iii) For what values of x is the curve concave up?

x4
*26. '02 6c A bowl is formed by rotating the part of the curve y = between x = 0 and x = 2 about the
4
y axis.

Find the volume of the bowl.

27. '05 6a Five values of the function f ( x ) are shown in the table.

x 0 5 10 15 20
f ( x) 15 25 22 18 10

20
Use Simpson’s rule the the five values given in the table to estimate
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx .

28. '05 6c The graphs of the curves y = x 2 and y = 12 − 2 x 2 are shown in the diagram.

(i) Find the points of intersection of the two curves.

(ii) The shaded region between the curves and the y -axis is rotated about the y -axis. By
splitting the shaded region into two parts or otherwise, find the volume of the solid
formed.
 5
29. '08 6c The graph of y = is shown below.
x−2

5
The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve y = , the x -axis and the lines
x−2
x = 3 and x = 6 . Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the shaded region is
rotated about the x -axis.

Question 7s

*30. '00 7c The diagram shows the graphs of y = x 2 − 2 and y = x .

(i) Find the x values of the points of intersection P and Q .

(ii) Calculate the area of the shaded region.

 x2
31. '01 7a The part of the curve + y 2 = 8 that lies in the first quadrant is rotated about the x axis.
2

Find the volume of the solid of revolution.

Question 8s

*32. '04 8b The diagram shows the graph of the parabola x 2 = 16 y . The points A ( 4,1) and B ( −8, 4 ) are
on the parabola, and C is the point where the tangent to the parabola at A intersects the
directrix.

(i) Write down the equation of the directrix of the parabola x 2 = 16 y .

(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola at the point A .

(iii) Show that C is the point ( −6, −4 ) .

x
(iv) Given that the equation of the line AB is y = 2 − , find the area bounded by the line
4
AB and the parabola.

(v) Hence or otherwise, find the shaded area bounded by the parabola, the tangent at A and
the line BC .
*33. '05 8b The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the circle of radius 2 centred at the origin, the
parabola y = x 2 − 3 x + 2 and the x -axis.

By considering the difference of two areas, find the area of the shaded region.

*34. '11 8b The diagram shows the region enclosed by the parabola y = x 2 , the y -axis and the line y = h ,
where h > 0 . This region is rotated about the y -axis to form a solid called a paraboloid. The
point C is the intersection of y = x 2 and y = h . The point H has coordinates ( 0, h ) .

(i) Find the exact volume of the paraboloid in terms of h .

(ii) A cylinder has radius HC and height h .

What is the ratio of the volume of the paraboloid to the volume of the cylinder?
Question 9s

*35. '00 9b The diagram shows a sketch of the gradient function of the curve y = f ( x ) .

Draw a sketch of the function y = f ( x ) given that f ( 0 ) = 0 .

36. '07 9a The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve y = x 2 + 1 , the x -axis and the lines
x = 0 and x = 1 .

Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the shaded region is rotated about the
x -axis.

*37. '08 9c A beam is supported at ( −b, 0 ) and ( b, 0 ) as shown in the diagram.

It is known that the shape formed by the beam has equation y = f ( x ) , where f ( x ) satisfies

f ′′ ( x ) = k ( b 2 − x 2 ) ( k is a positive constant)

and f ′ ( −b ) = − f ′ ( b ) .

 x3 
(i) Show that f ′ ( x ) = k  b 2 x −  .
 3
(ii) How far is the beam below the x -axis at x = 0 ?
*38. '10 9b Let y = f ( x ) be a function defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 , with f ( 0 ) = 0 .
The diagram shows the graph of the derivative of f , y = f ′ ( x ) .

The shaded region A1 has area 4 square units. The shaded region A2 has area 4 square units.

(i) For which values of x is f ( x ) increasing?

(ii) What is the minimum value of f ( x ) ?

(iii) Find the value of f ( 6 ) .

(iv) Draw a graph of y = f ( x ) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 .

Extension 1

Question 1s

1
39. '95 1e Use the substitution u = 9 − x to find
2
∫ 6x
0
9 − x 2 dx .

0
40. '01 1f Use the substitution u = 1 + x to evaluate 15
∫ −1
x 1 + x dx .

∫
2x
41. '02 1f Use the substitution u = 1 − x 2 to evaluate dx .
(1 − x 2 )
2
2

∫(
x
42. '03 1e Use the substitution u = x 2 + 1 to evaluate dx .
x 2 + 1)
3
0
 4
43. '04 1e Use the substitution u = x − 3 to evaluate
∫ 3
x x − 3 dx .

∫
5
44. '05 1d Using the substitution u = 2 x 2 + 1 or otherwise, find x ( 2 x 2 + 1) 4 dx .

∫x x 4 + 8 dx .
3
45. '06 1b Using the substitution u = x 4 + 8 or otherwise, find

∫
2x
46. '07 1e Use the substitution u = 25 − x to evaluate
2
dx .
3 25 − x 2

1
47. '10 1e Use the substitution u = 1 − x to evaluate
∫ 0
x 1 − x dx .

Question 2s

*48. '95 2b The shaded area is bounded by the curve xy = 3 , the lines x = 1 and y = 6 and the two axes.
A solid is formed by rotating the shaded area about the y axis.

Find the volume of this solid by considering separately the regions above and below y = 3 .

∫
x
49. '00 2d Use the substitution u = 2 + x to find dx .
2+ x
Question 4s

The left-hand diagram shows the lower half of the circle x 2 + ( y − 15 ) = 152 .
2
*50. '98 4a

The shaded area in this diagram is bounded by the semi-circle, the line y = h and the y axis.

(i) Show that the volume V formed when the shaded area is rotated around the y axis is
πh3
given by V = 15πh − . 2

3
(Rest of question can't be done yet.)

Extension 2

∫(
4
51. '96 1a Evaluate dx .
2 + x)
2
1

∫
2
*52. '97 1a Evaluate dx .
0
x+4

*53. '01 4a The diagram shows a sketch of y = f ′ ( x ) , the derivative function of y = f ( x ) .

The curve y = f ′ ( x ) has a horizontal asymptote y = 1 .

(i) Identify and classify the turning points of the curve y = f ( x ) .

(ii) Sketch the curve y = f ( x ) given that f ( 0 ) = 0 = f ( 2 ) and y = f ( x ) is continuous.

On your diagram clearly identify and label any important features.
54. '05 5c Let a > 0 and let f ( x ) be an increasing function such that f ( 0 ) = 0 and f ( a ) = b .
a b
(i) Explain why
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx = ab −
∫ 0
f −1 ( x ) dx .

∫
x
(ii) Hence or otherwise find the value of sin −1   dx .
0 4

New Format HSC

55. ’12 Q10 The graph of y = f ( x ) has been drawn to scale for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 .

Which of the following integrals has the greatest value?

1 2 7 8
(A)
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx (B)
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx (C)
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx (D)
∫ 0
f ( x ) dx

56. ’12 12d At a certain location a river is 12 metres wide. At this location the depth of the river in metres
has been measured at 3 metre intervals. The cross-section is shown below.

(i) Use Simpson’s rule with five depth measurements to calculate the approximate area of
the cross-section.

(ii) The river flows at 0.4 metres per second. Calculate the approximate volume of water
flowing through the cross-section in 10 seconds.
57. ’12 13b The diagram shows the parabolas y = 5 x − x 2 and y = x 2 − 3 x . The parabolas intersect at the
origin O and the point A . The region between the two parabolas is shaded.

(i) Find the x -coordinate of the point A .

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region.

3
58. ’12 14b The diagram shows the region bounded by y = , the x -axis, the y -axis and the line
( x + 2)
2

x =1.

The region is rotated about the x -axis to form a solid. Find the volume of the solid.

∫ (2 − x)
5
59. ’12 X1 11d Use the substitution u = 2 − x to evaluate dx .
1
60. ‘13 13b The diagram shows the graphs of the functions f ( x) = 4 x3 − 4 x 2 + 3x and g ( x) = 2 x .
The graphs meet at O and at T .

(i) Find the x -coordinate of T .

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region between the graphs of the functions f ( x) and g ( x) .

61. ’13 14d The diagram shows the graph y = f ( x) .

What is the value of a , where a > 0 , so that

∫ −a
f ( x) dx = 0 ?

62. ’13 15a The diagram shows the front of a tent supported by three vertical poles. The poles are 1.2 m
apart. The height of each outer pole is 1.5 m, and the height of the middle pole is 1.8 m. The
roof hangs between the poles.

The front of the tent has area A m 2 .

(i) Use the trapezoidal rule to estimate A .
(ii) Use Simpson’s rule to estimate A .
(iii) Explain why the trapezoidal rule gives the better estimate of A .
 The region bounded by the x -axis, the y -axis and the parabola y = ( x − 2) is rotated about
2
63. ’13 15b
the y -axis to form a solid.

Find the volume of the solid.

64. ’13 16a The derivative of a function f ( x) is f ′ ( x ) = 4 x − 3 . The line y = 5 x − 7 is tangent to the
graph of f ( x) . Find the function f ( x) .

65. ’13 X1 5 Which integral is obtained when the substitution u = 1 + 2 x is applied to

∫x 1 + 2 x dx ?

∫ ∫ (u −1) u du
1 1
(A) (u − 1) u du (B)
4 2

(C)
∫ (u −1) u du (D)
∫
2 (u − 1) u du

∫ ( x + 3)
1
66. ’14 11d Find 2
dx .

67. ’14 11f The gradient function of a curve y = f ( x) is given by f ′ ( x ) = 4 x − 5 .

The curve passes through the point ( 2,3) . Find the equation of the curve.

68. ’14 12d The parabola y = −2 x 2 + 8 x and the line y = 2 x intersect at the origin and at the point A .

(i) Find the x -coordinate of the point A .

(ii) Calculate the area enclosed by the parabola and the line.
69. ’14 14c The region bounded by the curve y = 1 + x and the x -axis between x = 0 and x = 4 is
rotated about the x -axis to form a solid.

Find the volume of the solid.

70. ’14 16a Use Simpson’s rule with five function values to show that
π
π 8 
∫
3
sec x dx ≈  3+ 
π 9
− 3
3
Answers
1. x 2 + 11x + c
1
2. 6x + +c
2x2
1 3
3. x + 7x + c
3
4. x3 − 8 x + c
5. f ( x ) = x2 + 7 x − 4

1
6.
2
7. 6
3 77
8. (i) 5x + c (ii) +c (iii)
6− x 3
9. k=2
10. (Assuming the partially erased number is 200) 64500 m 2
65
11. (i) 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 (ii) units 2
6
12. 21π units3
13. (i) 24 = 4.899, 4, 3 (ii) 18.9816
(iii) Shade top right quadrant of circle, centred at O , radius = 5 (v) 3.037
14. 4
15. (i) 14 (ii) 12
32
16. (i) 4 (ii) units 2 (iii) y ≤ 4 x − x 2 AND y ≥ 0
3
32
17. (ii) units 2
3
9
18. (i) A (1, −3) (ii) units 2
2
19. 8π units3
x
20. (i) − (ii) −6 9 − x 2 + c
9− x 2

21. f ( x ) = x3 − 2 x + 4
22. 6
23. (i) 12 m 2 (ii) 21.6 ML
200π
24. cm3
9
25. (i) f ( x ) = x3 − 3x 2 − 9 x + 12
(ii) Cubic with maximum tp at ( −1,17 ) and minimum to at ( 3, −15 ) . Don’t worry about roots.
(iii) x > 1
26. Poorly worded question. I believe they want the volume inside the bowl, but the wording could suggest
that they want the volume remaining after scooping the bowl from a cylindrical block of radius 2.
32π
Going with the former option: units3
3
2
27. 401
3
4 12
 y
28. (i) ( ±2, 4 ) (ii) V = π
∫ 0
y dx + π
∫ 4
 6 −  dy
 2
= 24π units3
75π
29. units3
4
9
30. (i) A : x = −1, B : x = 2 (ii) units 2
2
64π
31. units3
3
1
32. (i) y = −4 (ii) y = x −1 (iv) 18 units 2 (v) 27 units 2
2
 5
33.  π −  units 2
 6

πh 2
34. (i) (ii) 1 : 2
2
35.

1 3

28π
36. units3
15
5kb 4
37. (ii)
12
38. (i) 0 < x < 2 (ii) −6 (iii) −6
(iv)

2 4

−6

(
39. 2 27 − 16 2 )
40. −4
5
41.
24
6
42.
25
12
43.
5
9
44.
1
9
( 2 x 2
+ 1)4 + c
1
( x4 + 8) + c
3
45.
6
46. 2
4
47.
15
9π
48. units3
2
2
49. (4 − x) 2 + x + c
3
8
51.
15
52. 4
53. (i) Maximum at x = −1 ; Minimums at x = 1, 3
(ii)

−1 1 3

m =1

π
54. +2 3−4
3
55. B
56. (i) 32.8 m 2 (ii) 131.2 m3
64
57. (i) x=4 (ii) units 2
3
19π
58. units3
72
1
59.
6
1 1 2
60. (i) (ii) u
2 48
61. 4.5
62. (i) 3.96 m 2 (ii) 4.08 m 2 (iii) due to concavity, trapezoidal rule is an
overestimate
8π 3
63. u
3
64. f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 3 x + 15
65. A
1
66. − +c
x+3
67. y = 2 x2 − 5x + 5
68. (i) 3 (ii) 9 u 2
68π 3
69. u
3