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Carlos Saravia & Get - Training Trial Sesiosns Fracking & Stimulations May 2020 Rev 1
Carlos Saravia & Get - Training Trial Sesiosns Fracking & Stimulations May 2020 Rev 1
By
MBA. MSC. CARLOS IVER SARAVIA VIDAL
May, 2020
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AGENDA
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Mba.B.Eng. CARLOS IVER SARAVIA VIDAL
(Freelander Global Consultant)
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Reservoirs
concepts
Conventional / Unconventional / BIOGENIC
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Conventional Vs Unconventional reservoirs
Definition
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POROSITY
A
A: Lower Perm, Conventional Gas/OIl Reservoir:
40 Ac Spacing 90% Drainage /w 16 Wells
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10 m
Unconventional Shale
300 years
100 nD Shale
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In Unconventionals – No Two Reservoirs Are Equal
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Electron Microscopy Reveals Kerogen Porosity
Conventional rock
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FIB SEM Kerogen Porosity Measurement
(Focused Ion Beam Scan Electron Microscope)
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Shale Clay Layering
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BIOGENIC GAS - General Information
Shallow Organic gas reservoirs
Real case scenario in UAE
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xxxx Well BIOGENIC UAE
Typical Completion
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Recommendations based on Case Histories
(Canada & LATAM)
• Air drilling, Underbalance, MPD, etc to avoid reservoir skin damage
due low reservoir pressure and very sensitive reservoir mineralogy
• Cased hole cemented prepared for Fracking Stimulations
• STIMGUN/STIMTUB/PERFSTIM perforations systems
Resin
Stimulation
approach:
Conventional Approach: Multi-stage Fracturing Stimulation:
All perforations at once Hybrid Fracturing
» Conductivity Endurance and fines migration control
Well Testing
» FracAcid + Proppant Frac (last 2-3 stages)
CT Matrix Acid Stimulation
» RESINS system for fines migration control
» Optimize Acid Formulation (Nitrified Organic Acid)
» Micro emulsion in ALL completion fluids to enhance
» Rotating jet for maximum penetration flowback fluids recovery
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FRACKING TECHNOLOGIES
For all types of reservoirs
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CARLOS SARAVIA GLOBAL FRACKING
PAPERS
• BOLIVIA
• USA
• PERU
• COLOMBIA
• ARGENTINA
• MEXICO
• UAE
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Closest Current Solution: HydraJet Perforating or
Radial Slotting
Propped Fracture
jetted
perfs
hydrocarbon
flow
production
casing
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What is Fracking?
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X-linked Gel + Proppant
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We’re IN ZONE!!!
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Mitigate Asphaltene, Paraffin, Scale, and Hydrate
Deposits for Shale oil production
• Accumulation of asphaltene, paraffin,
scale, and hydrate deposits can occlude
pipelines and tubulars, thus reducing or
terminating flow, and, in turn, creating
production loss.
• Flow assurance challenges are managed
through system understanding, prediction
models, and product performance testing
conducted by our specialists in
LABORATORY TESTING APPARATUS
Hydrate rocking cells Methodology to reproduce field pressure temperature and gas conditions to select
most effective hydrate inhibitor
Tube blocking Methodology that uses candidate field brine to the point of scale precipitation that is
used to identify the most effective chemical, dosage and type for inhibition
Predictive water compatibility modeling Using water analysis from subject field, computer-based models predict type and
quantity of scale deposition
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Geometric stage and perforation placement
Variable stresses seen by clusters
Poor perforation efficiency
Sub-optimal Cost/BOE
We’re IN ZONE!!!
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Geometric stage and perforation placement
Ignores near wellbore conductivity
Variable production
Sub-optimal Cost/BOE
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Engineered Completions allows
Placement of stages in like rock.
Placement of perforation clusters to
minimize stress contrast.
Stage X Optimizes near wellbore reservoir
AND mechanical properties.
The Reality:
Variation in Rock Properties
is non-negligible
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Engineered Completions Seek to:
Improve perforation efficiency
Reduce stimulation costs
Optimize cost/boe
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Acid System for:
STIMULATION
COILED TUBING
STIMULATION
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MULTISTAGES FRACKING = Sand Jet perforation + Coiled Tubing
Fracking
• Require Hydra-Jet
perforation
• Diversion with Sand plug
• Require Insert trees saver
or sacrificial Christmas
tree.
• Case hole
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MULTISTAGE FRAC TYPE
• Require Hydra-Jet
Sand perforation
• Diversion with
Dynamic effect
• Require Insert tree
saver or sacrificial
Christmas tree.
• Open hole
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Multi stage frac, completions slide side door
• Permanent
completion
• Swelling packer may
take 2-3 weeks.
• Open the sleeve
either balls or with
well intervention with
CT.
• Wellbore should be
well cleaned.
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Now FEED THE FRAC!
Ductile Rock Brittle Rock
Customize the Stimulation
Design by the stage rock
Stg 6 & 7 Stg 12-14 properties and stratigraphic
104% Fluid Placed for 100% Fluid Placed for
74% of Prop Placed placement.
98% of Prop Placed
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PILLAR TYPE FRACKING
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PILLAR TYPE Frac Service
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Infinite Conductivity concepts
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Frac Service
Stable Pillars
• Chemical System
Advancements
– Stabilized pillars using “on
the fly” resin coating.
• Expedite
• SandWedge
– Proppant bonding agent,
provides channel stability
at reservoir pressure and
temperature.
– Helps retain fracture
channel conductivity over
well lifetime.
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PILLAR TYPE Frac Service
• Chemical System
Advancements
– Stabilized pillars using “on
the fly” resin coating.
• EPOXY RESINS
– Proppant bonding agent,
provides channel stability
at reservoir pressure and
temperature.
– Helps retain fracture
channel conductivity over
well lifetime.
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PILLAR Fracturing Service – Design Workflow
• Candidate Selection
• Optimize fracture geometry
– Stress environment
– Physical properties
– Well production
• Proppant selection
• Fracture simulation
• Pillar design
– Pillar distance
– Spacer volumes
– No. of proppant pulses
– Proppant volumes
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PILLAR Fracturing Service -
Operational
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NEW FRAC FLUIDS ERA Service – What is it?
• A high regained
permeability system that
has provided a better
return on investment
compared to guar-based
fluid systems.
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FRAC FLUIDS Service – Advantages
Clean
– <<1% insoluble residue
– High regained conductivity
– High regain core conductivity
Efficient
– Enhanced formation mobility modifier
– Excellent proppant transport and suspension
Versatile
– Wide temperature range 100-275 °F
– Salt tolerant (2-7% NaCl or KCl)
– Instant and delayed crosslinking
– Can be foamed with N2 or CO2
Available
– Dry powder or LGC
– Stable supply from renewable natural
polymers
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NEWS FRAC FLUIDS Service Can Benefit Your Well –
Clean: minimal residue
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NEWS FRAC FLUIDS Service Can Benefit Your Well –
Clean: minimal residue
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Radioactive proppants
Why to use?
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Micro proppants
Why to use?
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RPM’s coated proppants
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Reduction of scale generations
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Salt production control
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Typical Layout Hydraulic Fracture & FracPack
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ACIDIZING &
WATER SHUT OFF
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SPE paper CARLOS SARAVIA + SNOC ( UAE) on going
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Types of Acid Stimulations for Carbonates
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Near Wellbore Acidizing
Foamed Acid
Energizing and diversion technique due low reservoir pressure & permeability
(improve fluids placement and post-stimulation flow-back fluids)
Selective Acid placement through CT. Use of High CO2 and H2S scavenger additive
Premium technology for Acid Stimulation in gas reservoirs (improve flow back
fluids)
Clean the rock reservoir from oil-wet in order to enhance Acid Penetration and
Solubility
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GAS & CONDENSATE CARBONATE HT ACID- Halliburton System
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ACID STIMULATION EQUIPMENT
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SURFACE WELL TESTING – FLOW BACK
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(High Temperature Acid for Carbonate Reservoir)
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Acid Stimulation run at 1bpm
Surface Press.
Liq. & N2 Foam Bottom Hole
Pressure 100-200 psi
Maintain Annular over Res. Press.
Pressure with N2
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Radial Penetration
Av. Pen.
50in=4ft
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ACID Coverage
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High Temperature Acid vs Traditional HCL acid systems
High Cost
Easy to neutralize in surface
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NODAL analysis
Inflow/Outflow Plot
350
Data to calibrate:
300
150
100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
FLOW RATE (MMscfd)
Inflow Outflow
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Inflow/Outflow Plot
350
Predicted Skin Before Acid:
300
250
200
After Acid
150 Moderate Conductivity
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
FLOW RATE (MMscfd)
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OPERATIONS
N2+Li
BHSP = 315 psi q N2
N2
Hydrostatic Pressure
= 0.052 x Liq Dens (lb/gal) x Depth (ft)
N
2
315psi BHSP
Length level fluid = 686 ft
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Water and Gas Shutoff - Mechanical Isolation Technologies:
– Swellable Packers
– Inflatable Packers
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Water and Gas Shutoff - Chemical Technologies:
• Porosity Temporary
Sealants
• Porosity Permanent Non selective treatments
• Chemicals Matrix injection treatment
Sealants (Hydrocarbon zones must be protected)
Non selective treatments
• Chemicals Matrix injection treatment
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Water and Gas Shutoff Chemical Technologies:
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Rig-less Zonal Isolation via Conformance Technology (UAE case history)
CHALLENGE
Cross flow detected behind the casing connecting injection water from the reservoir TH-II
to TH-III (producing layer). Such water was produced along with the oil. Hydrostatic
eventually killed the well.
Rig options posed financial and logistical challenges and were not available for the rest of
2017 locking up approximately 3 - 3.5KBOD. Previous attempts to revive the well were
unsuccessful.
Cross Flow given by cement channel at CSG shoe
SOLUTION
ADNOC Offshore and Halliburton collaborated to design a rig-less tailor-made
Conformance solution to stop the cross-flow between TH-II and TH-III Reservoirs.
Through Coiled Tubing deployment, Halliburton premium Conformance technology MOC-
One™ was used taking advantage of its selective reaction properties to water. MOC-
One™ minimizes undesired water production addressing channeling, cresting or conning
MOC-ONE formulation tailored for pumping time conditions and providing optimum zonal isolation and reservoir Integrity.
CT The Integrated approach was designed involving: CT logging, CT conveyed perforation,
Displacement
Fluid Lock-Up mechanical isolation with IRPP and Conformance Technology.
RESULTS
Squeez 100% reservoir integrity by successfully squeezing 70 bbls of MOC-OneTM behind the
e
liner. Lock-up pressure achieved 40min after squeeze started. (Matched laboratory
MOC-ONE treatment operational parameters design)
Unlocked deferred production of approximately 3,500 BOPD
Reduced cost by approximately $ 1.5 MM USD compared to an alternative Rig Operation.
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I can talk by days if you need,
Best regards
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