ROJAS SOTELO JESSHAEL 3.

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 WHEN WAS PROBABILITY INVENTED?

"A gambler's dispute in 1654 led to the creation of a mathematical theory of
probability by two famous French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de
Fermat. Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de Méré, a French nobleman with an interest
in gaming and gambling questions, called Pascal's attention to an apparent
contradiction concerning a popular dice game. The game consisted in throwing a
pair of dice 24 times; the problem was to decide whether or not to bet even
money on the occurrence of at least one "double six" during the 24 throws. A
seemingly well-established gambling rule led de Méré to believe that betting on a
double six in 24 throws would be profitable, but his own calculations indicated just
the opposite.

 FOR WHAT REASON WAS PROBABILITY INVENTED?

For a game of games of chance, it came from a problem about games of chance,
proposed by a remarkably philosophical player, the Chevalier de Méré.

 PROBABILITY
Probability means possibility. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the
occurrence of a random event. The value is expressed from zero to one. Probability
has been introduced in Maths to predict how likely events are to happen

 PROBABILITY APPLICATIONS
We often use probability assessments informally in our daily lives to plan or make
decisions. Formal probability theory is a fundamental tool used by researchers,
health-care providers, insurance companies, stockbrokers and many others to
make decisions in contexts of uncertainty. Probability provides information about
the likelihood that something will happen. Meteorologists, for instance, use
weather patterns to predict the probability of rain. In epidemiology, probability
theory is used to understand the relationship between exposures and the risk of
health effects.

GAMBLING: CASINOS

As you will understand, casino owners are in business to make money so they have
studied very well what is the probability that the client wins in each game and they
know perfectly well that this probability is low.
 METEOROLOGY

The predictions that meteorologists make about the weather in the next few days
are made based on the patterns of what has happened in previous years and are
expressed in terms of probability: "the probability of rain is 90%"

MEDICAL DECISIONS

If a patient needs surgery, they will want to know the probability of success in
deciding whether or not to have surgery. The same happens when a treatment has
to be started, it would be desirable to know the probability of success based on the
results previously obtained in other patients.

LIFE EXPECTANCY

It is a measure of the average number of years that a person is expected to live in

the mortality conditions of the period being calculated. It is based on the
calculation of the probability of death or life of the population from the data
collected on births and deaths, distributed by sex, age and territory.


 WHEN WAS STATISTICS INVENTED?
We can say that the History of statistics begins around 1749, although over time,
there have been changes in the interpretation of the word "statistics". At first, the
meaning was restricted to information about the states.

 FOR WHAT REASON WAS STATISTICS INVENTED?

Statistics like all sciences did not arise unexpectedly but during a long process of
research, development and evolution from facts of data collection to the
interpretation of those that occur today. It is said that statistics have been found
since the beginning of history, this is known through chronicles, written data and
archaeological remains that show the use of statistics.

 STATISTICS:
Statistics is a science and a branch of mathematics through which a series of data is
collected, analyzed, described and studied in order to establish comparisons or
variabilities that allow understanding a particular phenomenon.

 STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS:
IN THE LABOR FIELD
Statistics are usually used in different areas of the labor field. The strategic planning of
an organization is based fundamentally on forecasting and budget studies. The control
mechanisms, in charge of the compliance departments, are applied based on the
historical results obtained from statistical studies.

IN SPORTS
Athletes' records are drawn up based on their performance by number of games or
matches in which they have participated. In the case of baseball players, their
performance is measured by their batting percentage, runs scored, and stolen bases.

SPORTS BETS
Sports betting forecasts are determined by the data that is collected and that the
statistics are responsible for analyzing. That is, a betting house will have higher or
lower odds depending on what the statistics consider most likely to happen.

ON SALES
The world of sales is planned based on detailed analysis of the needs of consumers,
their tastes and preferences. The measurement of the quality of the service, the level
of customer satisfaction and the sales strategies themselves are determined by the
application of statistical techniques.