‫ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ‬

‫‪Taylor series‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ ﺳﻧﻣﺛﻝ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻗﻭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺣﻭﻝ 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑥𝑥 ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫∞‬ ‫𝑛𝑛‬
‫)𝑎𝑎( 𝑓𝑓‬
‫� = )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓‬ ‫𝑛𝑛)𝑎𝑎 ‪(𝑥𝑥 −‬‬
‫!𝑛𝑛‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬

‫)𝑎𝑎( ́𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)𝑎𝑎(́𝑓𝑓‬

‫‪= 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎) + 𝑓𝑓́(𝑎𝑎)(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎) +‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎)2 +‬‬ ‫⋯ ‪(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎)3 +‬‬
‫!‪2‬‬ ‫!‪3‬‬

‫ﺃﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ‪ 𝑎𝑎 = 0‬ﻋﻧﺩﺋﺫ ﺳﻧﺳﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺑﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﻥ ‪ Maclaurin series‬ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫)𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺫ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﻐﺔ‪:‬‬

‫∞‬ ‫𝑛𝑛‬
‫𝑛𝑛 )‪𝑓𝑓 (0‬‬
‫� = )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓‬ ‫𝑥𝑥‬
‫!𝑛𝑛‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓́ (0) 2 𝑓𝑓́ (0) 3‬‬

‫‪= 𝑓𝑓(0) + 𝑓𝑓́(0)𝑥𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 +‬‬ ‫⋯ ‪𝑥𝑥 +‬‬
‫!‪2‬‬ ‫!‪3‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 = )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻅ‬

‫… ‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 , 𝑛𝑛 = 0,1,2,‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ‬

‫… ‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0) = 𝑒𝑒 0 = 1, 𝑛𝑛 = 0,1,2,‬‬

‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺣﻭﻝ ‪ 𝑥𝑥 = 0‬ﻫﻲ‬

‫𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥‬
‫∞∑ == 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫! 𝑛𝑛‬

‫ﺗﻣﺭﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥‪ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 −‬ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥‪ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑒𝑒 −3‬ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺟﻧﺎ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ ً ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 ﺣﻭﻝ ‪ .𝑥𝑥 = 0‬ﻭ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻻﺣﻅ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑛) ‪(−3𝑥𝑥2‬‬ ‫‪(−3)𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥2𝑛𝑛+4‬‬
‫∞∑ ‪𝑥𝑥 4 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 4‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫∞∑ =‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫! 𝑛𝑛‬ ‫! 𝑛𝑛‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻼﺕ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻼﺕ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﺣﻭﻝ ‪ 0‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﺩﻋﻧﺎ ﺃﻻﻥ ﻧﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻼﺕ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﺣﻭﻝ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥‪ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 −‬ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = −4‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻘﺔ )‪ 𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (−4‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥) = (−1)𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (−4) = (−1)𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒 4‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺗﺄﺧﺫ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﻐﺔ‬

‫∞‬
‫𝑥𝑥‪−‬‬
‫‪(−1)𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒4‬‬
‫𝑒𝑒‬ ‫�=‬ ‫‪(𝑥𝑥 + 4)𝑛𝑛 .‬‬
‫!𝑛𝑛‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛 =0‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥 ‪ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = cos‬ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻘﺔ )‪ 𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (0) (𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (0) (0) = 1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (1) (𝑥𝑥) = − sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (1) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (𝑥𝑥) = − cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (2) (0) = −1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (3) (𝑥𝑥) = sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (3) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (4) (𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (4) (0) = 1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (5) (𝑥𝑥) = −sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (5) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (6) (𝑥𝑥) = −cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (6) (0) = −1‬‬

‫∞‬
‫𝑛𝑛 )‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (0) 2‬‬
‫� = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓(0) + 𝑓𝑓 (0)𝑥𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 +. . .‬‬
‫!𝑛𝑛‬ ‫!‪2‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛 =0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪1 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪=1+0−‬‬ ‫⋯ ‪𝑥𝑥 + 0 + 𝑥𝑥 4 + 0 − 𝑥𝑥 6 +‬‬
‫!‪2‬‬ ‫!‪4‬‬ ‫!‪6‬‬
‫∞‬
‫𝑛𝑛‪(−1)𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥2‬‬
‫�=‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫!)𝑛𝑛‪(2‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻘﺔ )‪ 𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (0) (𝑥𝑥) = sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (0) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (1) (𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (1) (0) = 1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (𝑥𝑥) = − sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (2) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (3) (𝑥𝑥) = −cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (3) (0) = −1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (4) (𝑥𝑥) = sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (4) (0) = 0‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (5) (𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (5) (0) = 1‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (6) (𝑥𝑥) = −sin 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (6) (0) = 0‬‬

‫)‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0‬‬ ‫)‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (0‬‬
‫∞∑ = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛 =0‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑓𝑓(0) + 𝑓𝑓 (1) (0)𝑥𝑥 +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 2 +. . .‬‬
‫! 𝑛𝑛‬ ‫!‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 −‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 3 +‬‬ ‫‪𝑥𝑥 5 −‬‬ ‫⋯ ‪𝑥𝑥 7 +‬‬
‫!‪1‬‬ ‫!‪3‬‬ ‫!‪5‬‬ ‫!‪7‬‬

‫‪(−1)𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥2𝑛𝑛+1‬‬
‫∞∑ =‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫!)‪(2𝑛𝑛 +1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ 𝑥𝑥 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺻﻳﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﻘﺔ )‪ 𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (0‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (0) (𝑥𝑥) = ln 𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (0) (2) = ln 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (1‬‬ ‫= )‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (1) (2‬‬
‫𝑥𝑥‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (𝑥𝑥) = −‬‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 2‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (3‬‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 3‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫)‪−2(3‬‬ ‫)‪−2(3‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (4‬‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 4‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫)‪2(3)(4‬‬ ‫)‪2(3)(4‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (5‬‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 5‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫⋮‬
‫!)‪(−1)𝑛𝑛+1 (𝑛𝑛 − 1‬‬ ‫!)‪(−1)𝑛𝑛+1 (𝑛𝑛 − 1‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )𝑛𝑛( 𝑓𝑓‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)𝑛𝑛(‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪, 𝑛𝑛 = 1,2, . ..‬‬
‫𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥‬ ‫𝑛𝑛‪2‬‬
‫𝑛𝑛‬
‫)‪𝑓𝑓 (2‬‬
‫∞∑ = 𝑥𝑥 ‪ln‬‬
‫)‪𝑛𝑛=0 𝑛𝑛! (𝑥𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫𝑛𝑛‬

‫)‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (2‬‬ ‫!)‪(−1)𝑛𝑛+1 (𝑛𝑛−1‬‬

‫∞∑ ‪= ln 2 +‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=1‬‬ ‫∞∑ ‪(𝑥𝑥 − 2)𝑛𝑛 = ln 2 +‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛 =1‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑛)‪(𝑥𝑥 − 2‬‬
‫! 𝑛𝑛‬ ‫! 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛‪2‬‬

‫‪(−1)𝑛𝑛+1‬‬
‫∞∑ ‪= ln 2 +‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=1‬‬ ‫‪(𝑥𝑥 − 2)𝑛𝑛 .‬‬
‫𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = −1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (0) (−1) = 1‬‬
‫𝑥𝑥‬
‫‪−2‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (1) (−1) = 2‬‬
‫𝑥𝑥‬
‫‪2∗3‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (2) (−1) = 2 ∗ 3‬‬
‫𝑥𝑥‬
‫)‪−2(3)(4‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )‪𝑓𝑓 (3‬‬ ‫)‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (3) (−1) = 2(3)(4‬‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 5‬‬
‫⋮‬
‫!)‪(−1)𝑛𝑛 (𝑛𝑛 + 1‬‬ ‫!)‪(−1)𝑛𝑛 (𝑛𝑛 + 1‬‬
‫= )𝑥𝑥( )𝑛𝑛( 𝑓𝑓‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫𝑓𝑓‬ ‫)𝑛𝑛(‬
‫)‪(−1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫!)‪= (𝑛𝑛 + 1‬‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛+2‬‬ ‫‪(−1)𝑛𝑛+2‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (−1‬‬ ‫!)‪(𝑛𝑛 +1‬‬
‫∞∑ =‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫∞∑ = 𝑛𝑛)‪(𝑥𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬ ‫∞∑ = 𝑛𝑛)‪(𝑥𝑥 + 1‬‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0(𝑛𝑛 + 1) (𝑥𝑥 + 1) .‬‬
‫𝑛𝑛‬
‫‪𝑥𝑥 2‬‬ ‫!𝑛𝑛‬ ‫! 𝑛𝑛‬

‫ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺟﺩ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 10𝑥𝑥 2 + 6‬ﺣﻭﻝ ‪.𝑥𝑥 = 3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (0) (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 10𝑥𝑥 2 + 6 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (0) (3) = −57‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (1) (𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 20𝑥𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (1) (3) = −33‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (2) (𝑥𝑥) = 6𝑥𝑥 − 20‬‬ ‫‪⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (2) (3) = −2‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (3) (𝑥𝑥) = 6 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (3) (3) = 6‬‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (4) (𝑥𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (4) (3) = 0‬‬

‫⋮‬

‫‪𝑓𝑓 (𝑛𝑛) (𝑥𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑓𝑓 (𝑛𝑛) (3) = 0,‬‬ ‫‪𝑛𝑛 ≥ 4‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ‬

‫∞‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪𝑓𝑓 𝑛𝑛 (3‬‬
‫� = ‪𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑥 + 6‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑛)‪(𝑥𝑥 − 3‬‬
‫!𝑛𝑛‬
‫‪𝑛𝑛=0‬‬

‫‪= −57 − 33(𝑥𝑥 − 3) − (𝑥𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑥𝑥 − 3)3 .‬‬

‫‪5‬‬