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Foreign Literature
Water waste is a major problem around the globe and can be classified as water
pollution. Plastic is the major contributor in the wastes on water. Kornei (2017), stated
that millions of tons of garbage are produced by humans that end up in ocean by
accident or illegal dumping. Trash that goes on the water affects the life under the sea.
The database of litterbase shows that more than 1200 marine animals are in contact
According to Feilberg (2018), the current age is called the Plastic Age where
everywhere you are surrounded by plastic products that are easy to get and easy to
throw away. Major industries including plastic manufacturers, chemical industries and
business companies are the key contributors on the plastic waste. The wastes on the
ocean come from the smaller bodies of water. Removing plastic from the water is only a
short-term solution, the sources of the pollution is the one needed to be traced to stop
the problem.
As stated by Gray (2018), the researchers found out that river systems carry 90%
of their trash in the area up to the ocean. The high population of people living in the
surrounding area does not have the ideal management process which in return
produces the high densit y of trash on the river. The Yangtze River of china is the carrier
of plastic pollution to the ocean. China began its prevention to this by ordering 46 cities
ways. Dirty water are the preferred breeding areas for mosquitos which will cause
diseases such as Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue and Chikungunya. Cleaning this trash can
Local Literature
(October 2016), Philippines has a major problem in water pollution. The increase in
population, urbanization and industrialization had affected the quality of water. Out of
421 rivers in the Philippines, 50 are considered dead and unable to sustain marine life.
Waste on the water can affect both human and animal life. Improper waste
disposal will result in the pollution of the water areas. Roxas (2017), stated that waste
and pollution on the river worsened the floods even if it’s only monsoon. Trashes
clogged drains and creeks which causes the flood to be concentrated on one place. A
simple waste disposal will make a difference in the environment. Keeping the
waterways free from debris will lower the level of flood in case of a heavy rain.
trucks to collect garbage from house to house. Trash pickers collect scraps and sorted
debris on every house daily. The method they used increased the percent of recycled
waste from 75 percent. This will have a major impact because the trashes that can go
on the river are being recycled and used for other purposes instead of getting thrown
out improperly. The collection of trash also prevented standing water that mosquitos
breed in. That means there will be a fewer cases of malaria and dengue on the area.
According to Claudio (2015) the existing situation is that only 10% of water waste
Philippines. And according to the study of UNIDO, Metro Manila alone is being disposed
by 22,000 tons of metals, infectious wastes, biological sludge and as well as 25 million
cubic meters of acid and alkaline liquid wastes. Claudio (2015) states that the major
48%, Agricultural water waste that is about 37% and lastly, industrial water waste that Is
about 15%. The areas of the country that are most affected are the regions that have
unsatisfactory ratings in terms of quality. This includes National Capital Region (NCR)
or Metro Manila, Southern Tagalog Region (Region IV), Central Luzon (Region III), and
Central Visayas (Region VII) and it is also found that the region with the highest
Foreign Study
Kellet invented a device called Mr. Trash Wheel that can remove trash present
on the river where it is placed. The device aims to clear the water of trash on
Baltimore’s Inner Harbor before it enters the Chesapeake Bay. It is a trash – skimming
device that uses the river’s current to turn the water wheel which lifts trash and debris
using a conveyer belt from the water and deposits it on the dumpster on its back. There
is also a solar panel array which is used if the current in the river is not enough to lift up
trash. According to Snow (2017), the machine draws power from the river's current to
turn the waterwheel and power the conveyor belt. Solar panels are attached to draw
power if there is not enough current on the river. The tubes around the area helps the
trash go up the conveyor belt which then drops the debris on the dumpster behind it.
The machine collects 38,000 of trash on a single day. Its solar panels collect about
25,000 watts of power which can be enough to power up a house. According to Thaler
(2015), the waterwheel is simple but effective. It has collected 145 tons of trash and
125,000 plastic bottles of water in just 12 months. There are also exceptions on the
trash it can collect. It can’t collect micro beads, scrubbing agents, and flimsy trashes.
The automated Seabin marine waste collector is a simple but effective stationary
bin designed to float on marinas, waterways and lakes. It collects debris and traps in a
catch bag by sucking water from the surface and letting it flow out the bottom of the bin.
According to Grozdanic (2015), the Seabin uses a water pump to suck water from the
surface and passes through the catch bag inside then pumps it back into the marina
leaving the litter and debris trapped in the catch bag. They are mostly placed on a
floating dock where the trashes are present because of the density of the people in the
area. The catch bag inside the Seabin can hold up to 20 kilograms of debris which is
Myers (2018), The Seabin can catch around 1.5 kilograms of trash per day. Filters are
installed to separate oil from water. It also has no threat to wildlife and only a few small
clean trash by creating the Waste Shark machine. The Waste Shark has an open mouth
in the middle which extends 1 foot below to collect trash it encounters on its front. It has
a filter that separates the oil from the water and is also remote controlled and monitored
via GPS. The machine not only collects trash but also monitors the quality of the water
which can detect its chemical makeup and pH balance. Each machine can collect up to
The plastic on the oceans is increasing every year. People come up with ways to
clean it but some come up with ways to prevent it. A company named Avani Eco that is
based on Bali has created a bag that is eco-friendly. According to Gray (May 2018), The
company Avani Eco has created a bag that is completely biodegradable and
compostable but looks like a plastic. The packaging is made from edible wheat and
barley which will not cause harm to animals even if they eat it. Another creation named
Ooho that is invented by Rodrigo García González, Guillaume Couche and Pierre
Paslier is used to replace plastic bottles on the ocean. According to Nelson (April 2017),
a gelatinous blob named Ooho encapsulates water inside it. It is pop on the mouth to
release the water inside it. The blob coating is made from brown algae and calcium
Local Study
There are many polluted water areas in the Philippines. Proper waste
management is not enforced properly in the Philippines which causes the trash going on
the water areas. One of the most polluted area in the Philippines is the Manila. The
water surrounding the Manila is plastic polluted and will not be able to sustain marine
life. Pasig River is one of the rivers that has been destroyed by the residents living in
the area. The Pasig River was considered biologically dead. The wastes scattered on
the area makes the water inevitable to sustain life. Japan’s Shokubutsu Hana takes a
rehabilitate the river is being conducted by using a billboard to clean the wastes. The
floating billboard is made of grass that can absorb toxic materials and help reduce
Over the last decades Philippines have many positive impacts. This includes
excellent economic performance and quick industrial expansion, but this has a negative
effect that quickly resulted in poor hydrological and ecological changes in the city’s river
benefits of city waters so Jalilov investigates the relationship between poor quality of
water and the people’s willingness to pay for a better water quality in Metro Manila. By
implementing contingent valuation method, the study estimates the benefits of the
provision of clean water quality that is swimmable and fishable in water areas of Metro
Synthesis
Based on the studies read, the proponent’s prototype is closed to the Seabin and
Trash Wheel inventions. The former is a water trash bin that uses a water pump to
control the flow of water which traps the trash inside it and the latter which is a
stationary trash-skimming device which is powered by a solar array or using the rivers
current to control the conveyor belt that pulls up the trash. The proponents’ prototype
would have capabilities of these devices, but were tweaked in a new and innovative
way. This project would be wirelessly controlled which is more reliable in getting wastes
Other study that collects floating wastes on water areas is Waste Shark. The
water wastes present on the front of the Waste Shark are collected through its open
mouth designed. It has a feature that can separate oil from water and being controlled
remotely and monitored via GPS. In addition, this can also monitor and detect if the
water contains chemical makeup and pH balance. The proponents’ prototype can
collect floating wastes through conveyor belt by controlling manually and can also be
The floating billboard using a type of grass that helps in absorbing toxic materials
in water areas. It has a capability to clean 2000 and 8000 gallons of water every day.
This project can also be a solution in reducing wastes on water areas by discouraging
people from throwing their wastes on the water due to the floating billboard environment
friendly messages.