OSR_M

CLCROEOEM @C HM_ @CRCOFM_ ASG@NKCGPNHC_ CG CH PRNBNLM

Oÿ`ejm 02>>9>3? Q2

Omkpctcgoen<
2>929>39> Clcrocr @crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch knrom `c hn Omgstetuoeÿg pmhëteon y hms
omgvcgems egtcrgnoemgnhcs.
Rcsuhtn`ms `c Nprcg`eznlc<
2>929>39>92 Qnhmrnr hn ekpmrtngoen `c hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh omg bnsc cg ch cstu`em `c hms `crcofms
fukngms y aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch trnbnlm.
@urnoeÿg `c hn Juën< >1 F_

Prnbnlm rcnhezn`m pmr<  @ecjm Acrgng`m Mrtez Onstnþm.

NOPEQE@N@ @C NYRCG@E\NLC >

>. Ch Prnbnlm @cocgtc

Pmkn`m `c‛ Yregoepems rchntevms n hms `crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs‛ MEP- Lugem

29>9

Mrjngezn`m cg jrupm `c trnbnlm, fnjn hcoturn `c hms `moukcgtms ‘ ^uå cs

trnbnlm `cocgtc y Prnbnlm `ejgm y `cocgtc ‛, mbscrvc hn prcscgtnoeÿg `ch ve`cm
‘Prnbnlm @cocgtc - MEP ‛, c   e`cgteaequc hns e`cns ocgtrnhcs, pnrn rcsmhvcr cg
phcgnren hns sejuecgtcs egquectu`cs<

½^uå cs trnbnlm `cocgtc=

R//
Ch trnbnlm `cocgtc cs ch quc sc rcnhezn omg rcspctm n hms pregoepems y `crcofms hnbmrnhcs aug`nkcgtnhcs,
pcrketc ug egjrcsm lustm y prmpmroemgnh nh csaucrzm rcnhezn`m, seg `esorekegnoeÿg `c ounhquecr tepm4 sc hhcvn
nonbm omg prmtcooeÿg smoenh c egohuyc ch `enhmjm smoenh.
½Ouîhcs smg hms pregoepems `ch trnbnlm `cocgtc=

R//
Cg pregoepems y `crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch trnbnlm cxestcg ountrm ontcjmrëns< hebcrtn` `c nsmo enoeÿg y hebcrtn
seg`eonh y rcomgmoekecgtm cacotevm `c `crcofm n gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn, chekegnoeÿg `ch trnbnlm amrzmsm u
mbhejntmrem, nbmheoeÿg `ch trnbnlm egangteh y chekegnoeÿg `c hn `esorekegnoeÿg
`esorekegnoeÿg cg kntcrenh `c ckphcm.

½Oÿkm `caegerën trnbnlm `ejgm=

R//

Ch trnbnlm `ejgm hm `caegerën omkm hn omkm`e`n` quc `cbc tcgcr ugn pcrsmgn cg ug ckphcm, cs `coer quc cg
`eofm ckphcm hn pcrsmgn sc secgtn omgamrkc omg hm quc `cbc fnocr y omg hm quc jngn n onkbem `c su trnbnlm,
`c tnh amrkn quc gm secgtn quc
q uc ch ckphcm gm cs hm quc åh m chhn cspcrnbn.

½Ymr quå fnbhnr `c trnbnlm `ejgm kîs nhhî `c hn gmoeÿg `c trnbnlm `cocgtc=

R//
Ymrquc n hn fmrn `c fnbhnr `c ug trnbnlm `cocgtc
`cocgtc sc fnbhn cs `ch prmtmtepm `c trnbnlm quc sc cspcrn quc
mbtcgjng hns pcrsmgn pmr ch sekphc fcofm `c cxester, cg onkbem oung`m sc fnbhn `c trnbnlm `ejgm sc rcarecrc
nh tepm `c trnbnlm quc cspcrn mbtcgcr on`n ugn `c hns pcrsmgns scjüg scng sus justms.

½Oÿkm egahuyc hn anhtn `c trnbnlm omg hn pmbrczn, hn vemhcgoen y hn anhtn `c `csnrrmhhm= Cxphequc su rcspucstn.

R//
Hn anhtn `c trnbnlm egahuyc `c ugn kngcrn `ercotn, yn quc cs hn onusngtc `c quc nhjugns ankehens onejng cg hn
pmbrczn y rcournr nh vng`nheskm pmr `eofn gcocse`n`, n su vcz jcgcrn ugn anhtn `c `csnrrmhhm `c hns ankehens y
`c hn omkuge`n` pmr hn anhtn `c egjrcsms omg hms ounhcs `eofns ankehens pm`rëng prmjrcsnr y tcgcr ug cstehm `c
ve`n kclmr.
Omg hn egamrknoeÿg `c nkejms, ankehenrcs y mtrms, `csorebn cg ug tcxtm nhjugms onsms `c pcrsmgns quc

‘trnbnlng‛ cg omg`eoemgcs egn`coun`ns pmrquc gm omrrcspmg`cg n ug trnbnlm `cocgtc, y cgvëchm cg amrkntm

`ejetnh nh egstruotmr `c noucr`m n sus eg`eonoemgcs.

R//

Ch trnbnlm gm `cocgtc cs ug trnbnlm cg ch ounh gm sc hc vnhmrng hms `crcofms nh trnbnln`mr, cstm hm pm`ckms vcr
cg hms sejuecgtcs onsms `c trnbnlm gm `cocgtc.
 Cg nhjugns aegons fny onsms `c pcrsmgns quc gm mbtecgcg ug trnbnlm `cocgtc, cstms sc puc`cg
cve`cgoenr oung`m sc omgtrntn oecrtm pcrsmgnh pnrn hn omscofn `c nhjüg ouhtevm seg rcomgmocrhcs
prcstnoemgcs m ug scjurm cg onsm `c nooe`cgtcs,
nooe`cgtcs, cstc tepm onsms sc prcscgtng yn quc cg hns aegons sc
omgtrntn oecrtm pcrsmgnh smhm pmr ch teckpm `c hn omscofn, pmr hm tngtm, hms `ucþms `ch ouhtevm gm hcs
tecgcg cg oucgtn prcstnoemgcs m nhjüg scjurm yn quc gm cs ug omgtrnotm cg ch quc hn pcrsmgn vn n
hnbmrnr kuofm teckpm, pcrm nug nsë sc omgse`crn ug trnbnlm gm `cocgtc yn quc gm cs ug trnbnlm cg
ch quc hn pcrsmgn cstî cstnbhc y scjurn.

2. Oeu`n`ngën Hnbmrnh

Omg ch jrupm `c trnbnlm rcnhezn ug ngîheses `ch sejuecgtc pîrrnam smbrc Oeu`n`ngën y rcsuchvng hns prcjugtns<

‘Ch oeu`n`ngm cs ug scr pmhëteom, omg ugn `ekcgseÿg smoenh y kmrnh4 hm ounh eg`eon quc hn
omgstruooeÿg `c hn oeu`n`ngën gm cs ch nprcg`eznlc kcoîgeom `c ugns gmrkns (lurë`eons,
hcjnhcs y pmhëteons), segm hn rcnheznoeÿg cacotevn `c ugn amrkn `c ve`n y `c omgvevcgoen cgtrc
hms scrcs fukngms cg smoec`n`‛. ( Jernh`m-\uhunjn,
Jernh`m-\uhunjn, J. N. (29>3). Oeu`n`ngën< nprcg`eznlc `c
ugn amrkn `c ve`n. C`uo. C`uo. Qmh. >6, Gm. >, :1-52. @ ME< >9.3250/c`u.29>3.>6.3)

½Ynrn ustc` ouîh cs ch sejgeaeon`m `c cstc pîrrnam=

R//
Hm quc quecrc `coer cs quc hn oeu`n`ngën gm cs hn quc nontn m quc cstî juen`n pmr hns gmrkns lurë`eons, hcjnhcs
y pmhëteons. _egm, quc, cs hn omgstruooeÿg `c hn ve`n omte`engn, `ch `ën n `ën hn quc fnoc quc scn ch scr fukngm
`c hn smoec`n`.
½Oÿkm sc rchnoemgn hn oeu`n`ngën omg hns fnbehe`n`cs pnrn hn ve`n=
R//
Jrnoens n quc fny `evcrsns
`evcrsns pcrsmgnhe`n`cs, amrkns
amrkns `c scr y cxprcsnrsc cg hn smoec`n`, csm fnoc
fnoc quc on`n
pcrsmgn orczons `c kngcrn kîs egtcjrn,
egtcjrn, y nsë mbhejîg`mhn n `csnrrmhhnr sus
sus fnbehe`n`cs pcrsmgnhcs. M scn,
quc, omgvever omg hn smoec`n` fnoc amrtnhcocr y `csnrrmhhnr tus fnbehe`n`cs pnrn hn ve`n.

½Oÿkm sc puc`c vegouhnr ch omgocptm `c oeu`n`ngën omg ch prmocsm `c pnz cg Omhmkben=

R//

Orcm ym, quc, hn kclmr amrkn `c quc hn smoec`n` cgtrc cg ug pnpch aug`nkcgtnh pnrn hn pnz cg Omhmkben, scrën
pmr kc`em `c hn ckpntën, quc quecrc `coer, omgcotnr omg hns gcocse`n`cs `c hns `ckîs pcrsmgns. Ym`cr scgter
omg hns mtrns pcrsmgns anoehetn omkprcg`cr kclmr hns rcnooemgcs, ckmoemgcs y mpegemgcs nlcgns, c er kîs nhhî
`c hns `eacrcgoens, hm quc gms fnoc kîs tmhcrngtcs cg hns egtcrnooemgcs smoenhcs. ‘Ymgcrsc cg hn pech‛ `c hns
mtrns pcrsmgns pnrn omkprcg`crhns kclmr y rcspmg`cr `c amrkn smhe`nren, `c noucr`m omg hns o erougstngoens.

Rcnhezn cg jrupm hn hcoturn `ch `moukcgtm ‘ Oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh ‛ y mbscrvn ch ve`cm< ‘ Prnbnlm y Oeu`n`ngën ‛,
pnrn rcsmhvcr hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns cg hn phcgnren<

½^uå sc cgtecg`c pmr oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh=

R//
Hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh cs quecg prmtcjc hms `evcrsms `crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs `c hms trnbnln`mrcs
 pnrteouhnrkcgtc su prevnoe`n` y su
su fmgrn.

½Ouîh cs ch rmh `c hns mrjngeznoemgcs `c trnbnln`mrcs cg ch clcroeoem `c hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh=

R//
Ch rmh `c hns mrjngeznoemgcs `c trnbnln`mrcs, cg ch clcroeoem `c hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh, cs scr ch rcprcscgtngtc
hcjnh `c tm`ms oeu`n`ngms quc clcrocg ugn rchnoeÿg hnbmrnh, ouym mblctevm cs vchnr pmr hn jnrngtën `c tm`ms sus
`crcofms `c hms trnbnln`mrcs, cg buson `c bcgcaeoems omhcotevms pnrn nhongznr hn scjure`n` hnbmrnh cg tm`ms
sus îkbetms.

½_c puc`c `caeger hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh omkm pmscseÿg `c `crcofms= ½Ymr quå=

R//
^uå cs Oeu`n`ngën< Oeu`n`ngën sc rcaecrc nh omglugtm `c `crcofms y `cbcrcs n hms ounhcs ch oeu`n`ngm m
eg`eve`um cstî sulctm cg su rchnoeÿg omg hn smoec`n` cg quc vevc. ... Ymr tngtm, oeu`n`ngën cs hn omg`eoeÿg quc sc
mtmrjn nh oeu`n`ngm `c scr keckbrm `c ugn omkuge`n` mrjngezn`n.

Omg bnsc cg hns noteve`n`cs `csnrrmhhn`ns, rcspmg`n hn prucbn notetu`egnh, nrjukcgtng`m hn ekpmrtngoen `c
hn oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh pnrn hms trnbnln`mrcs.

R//
Oeu`n`ngën hnbmrnh. >. C_ ^SECG _C CGONRJN YREGOEYNHKCGPC @C YRMPCJCR HM_ @EQCR_M_ @CRCOFM_
ASG@NKCGPNHC_ @C HM_ PRNBNLN@MRC_, YNRPEOSHNRKCGPC _S YREQNOE@N@ U _S FMGRN
 ?. Ch Prnbnlm y hms @crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs

Ngnhezn hn hcoturn< ‘Ch trnbnlm omkm @crcofm Fukngm Aug`nkcgtnh ‛, y ch ve`cm, ‘ Omgmocr hms `crcofms
aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch trnbnlm ‛, rcspmg`c hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns y smoenhëochns omg ch jrupm<

½Ymr quå ch trnbnlm cs ug `crcofm fukngm aug`nkcgtnh=

R//
Pm`n pcrsmgn tecgc `crcofm nh trnbnlm. Ch `crcofm nh trnbnlm cs hn bnsc pnrn hn rcnheznoeÿg `c mtrms
`crcofms fukngms y pnrn ugn ve`n cg `ejge`n`. ... Cg cstrcofn rchnoeÿg omg ch `crcofm nh trnbnlm
cstî ch `crcofm n omg`eoemgcs cquetntevns y sntesanotmrens `c trnbnlm, y hms `crcofms rchnoemgn`ms
omg hms seg`eontms.

½Oÿkm sc hmjrnrën ug kug`m hnbmrnh omg trnbnlm `cocgtc=

R//
Ch trnbnlm `cocgtc< ugn fcrrnkecgtn pnrn nhongznr ug kug`m smstcgebhc y cquehebrn`m
Hns omg`eoemgcs hnbmrnhcs cg hns quc hns pcrsmgns hhcvng n onbm su onrrcrn prmacsemgnh smg ug ohnrm
eg`eon`mr `ch gevch `c `csnrrmhhm `c ugn smoec`n` y `c hns pmsebehe`n`cs quc åstn tecgc pnrn nhongznr
ug orcoekecgtm quc scn smstcgebhc smoenh, comgÿkeon y kc`emnkbecgtnhkcgtc.

½^uå pregoepems prmkucvc hn MEP cg ch kug`m `ch trnbnlm=

R//
@cohnrnoeÿg `c hn MEP< pregoepems aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch trnbnlm
• Hn hebrc nsmoenoeÿg, hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh y ch `crcofm `c gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn.
• Hn chekegnoeÿg `ch trnbnlm amrzmsm u mbhejntmrem.
• Hn nbmheoeÿg `ch trnbnlm egangteh.
• Hn chekegnoeÿg `c hn `esorekegnoeÿg cg kntcren `c ckphcm y moupnoeÿg.

½^uå rchnoeÿg tecgc ch trnbnlm omg hn sntesanooeÿg `c hns gcoc se`n`cs bîseons `c hns pcrsmgns=
R// 
Kuofm quc vcr pucstm quc ugm omg ug bucg ckphcm puc`c sntesanocr sus gcocse`n`cs
comgÿkeons yn quc `c cstm `cpcg`c `c tm`m ch fmjnr y oukpher omg onbnhe`n` hns gcocse`n`cs quc
sc rcquecrng cg hn ankehen y ch fmjnr.

½Ouîhcs smg hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs kîs vuhgcrn`ms=

R//
• @crcofm n hn ve`n
• @crcofm n hn prevnoe`n`
• @crcofm n ug scjurm smoenh
• @crcofm n hebcrtn` `c cxprcseÿg
• @crcofm n ugns prcstnoemgcs y vnonoemgcs, cgtrc mtrns
 ½^uå omgscoucgoens smoenhcs, comgÿkeons, ouhturnhcs y pmhëteons rcsuhtng oung`m n hns pcrsmgns
gm sc hcs rcomgmocg sus `crcofms hnbmrnhcs=
R//
Hns omgscoucgoens quc sc prcscgtng oung`m gm sc hc rcomgmocg hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs prekcrm
quc tm`m cstîg pnsng`m pmr cgoekn `c hn hcy yn quc ch trnbnln`mr kcrcoc ug rcspctm nh ejunh `cbc
tcgcr ug omgtrntm `c prcstnoemgcs `c scrveoems ohnrnkcgtc `mg`c cspcoeaequc on`n ugm `c sus
mblctevms `c on`n omgtrntm yn se ugn
u gn pcrsmgn gm sc hc cstî rcomgmoecg`m cs pmrquc ch keskm cstî
pcrketecg`m quc pnscg pmr cgoekn `c sus `crcofms ouhturnhcs, comgÿkeoms, smoenhcs y pmhëteoms.

½^uå rchnoeÿg tecgcg hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs omg ch trnbnlm `cocgtc=

R//

Hn rchnoeÿg quc tecgcg cs quc nkbms smg t rnbnlms eg`cpcg`ecgtckcgtc `c quc scng trnbnlms
amrknhcs c egamrknhcs tecgcg quc oukpher omg ug fmrnrem y tm`ms sus `cbcrcs, n`ckîs cg nkbms
fny quc tcgcr ugn rcspmgsnbehe`n` y screc`n` cg c hhm. Hn ügeon `eacrcgoen cs quc ch trnbnlm
`cocgtc gm tecgc ugns prcstnoemgcs `c scrveoems omkm ug trnbnlm am rknh quc tecgc tm`ns sus
prcstnoemgcs.

NOPEQE@N@ 2

0. @crcofms Hnbmrnhcs Eg`eve`unhcs

Omg tus omkpnþcrms `c jrupm pnrteoepn cg ch ngîheses `c hn hcoturn ‘ @crcofms Hnbmrnhcs Eg`eve`unhcs ‛ pnrn
rcsmhvcr hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns y smoenheznrhns cg phcgnren<

½Ouîhcs smg hms chckcgtms quc `ng mrejcg n ug ‘omgtrntm `c trnbnlm‛=

Hms trcs chckcgtms kîs cscgoenhcs smg< prcstnoeÿg pcrsmgnh, rckugcrnoeÿg y submr`egnoeÿg lurë`eon.

½Ynrn quc scng rcomgmoe`ms kes `crcofms hnbmrnhcs ½`cbm tcgcr seckprc ug omgtrntm `c trnbnlm pmr
csoretm= Cxphequc su rcspucstn.

_e cs ekpmrtngtc yn quc cg `eofm omgtrntm `c trnbnlms pmr csoretm sc rcsnhtng hns fnbehe`n`cs y
`cstrczns `c hn pcrsmgn pmr hm tngtm hc scrî `c nyu`n n hn fmrn `c mbtcgcr ug ckphcm.
 ½Orcc ustc` quc cs pmsebhc pnotnr omg su lcac ch pnjm tmtnh `c su snhnrem cg cspcoec (omg kcrongoëns)
y gm cg `egcrm= Cxphequc su rcspucstn.

R//
_e cs pmsebhc, pcrm csc tepm `c pnjm sc nocptnrën scjüg scn ch justm `ch trnbnln`mr y ch tepm `c pnjm
quc cspcrc tcgcr hn pcrsmgn.

½_u lcac hc puc`c onkbenr hns omg`eoemgcs `c su o mgtrntm `c trnbnlm `cspuås `c aerkn`m= Cxphequc su
rcspucstn.

R//
Gm puc`c oung`m hns omg`eoemgcs onkbeng y gm smg bcgcaeoenrens pnrn ch ckphcn`m yn quc n hn fmrn
`c aerknr ch omgtrntm sc cstnbhcocg hms bcgcaeoems, omg`eoemgcs y `cbcrcs `ch trnbnln`mr pmr hm tngtm
gm sc puc`c nocptnr nhjüg onkbem `c omg`eoemgcs `cspuås `c fnbcr aerkn`m ch omgtrntm. Ymr mtrm
hn`m se ch onkbem `c omg`eoemgcs cs bcgcaeoenrem pnrn ch trnbnln`mr, nfë se sc pm`rën hhcjnr n ug noucr`m
cgtrc ch lcac y ch ckphcn`m.

½Ouîhcs smg hns prcstnoemgcs comgÿkeons y smoenhcs n quc tecgc `crcofm omg ug ‘omgtrntm `c trnbnlm‛=

R//
Oung`m sc aerkn ug omgtrntm `c trnbnlm ch trnbnln`mr tecgc `crcofm n prcstnoemgcs smoenhcs, snhnrem,
vnonoemgcs, nuxehem `c trngspmrtc, scjure`n` smoenh egtcjrnh (snhu`, pcgseÿg y NRH) naehenoeÿg n onln `c
omkpcgsnoemgcs cto.

½^uå mpegn ustc` `c hn mrjngeznoeÿg `c hms

h ms trnbnln`mrcs cg seg`eontms=

R//
Um mpegm quc cs ugn `c hns kclmrcs nhtcrgntevns quc tecgc ch trnbnln`mr n hn fmrn `c prcscgtnr nhjugn
egomgamrke`n` n hn ckprcsn, cg pmons pnhnbrn cs ch npmym quc sc gcocsetn pnrn fnocr vnhcr gucstrms
`crcofms.

_chcooemgc cg ch jrupm `c trnbnlm, `ms onsms quc omgmzong m fnyng csouofn`m, cg hms ounhcs sc cve`cgoec
vemhnoeÿg `c hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs, cxphequc cg `ctnhhc quå `crcofms sc cstîg vemhng`m y pmr quå. CG JRSYM.
 ◍ @crcofm Omhcotevm `c Prnbnlm

Nh hn`m `c hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs eg`eve`unhcs, cxestcg mtrn ontcjmrën `c

`crcofms quc yn gm tmong sÿhm omg hn pcrsmgn quc prcstn sus scrveoems
pcrsmgnhcs `c kngcrn submr`egn`n, segm tnkbeåg omg hns jnrngtëns y
`crcofms tcg`ecgtcs n kclmrnr hns omg`eoemgcs `c hms trnbnln`mrcs omkm
njrupnoeÿg.

Cg jcgcrnh, ch `crcofm `c nsmoenoeÿg cs hn prcrrmjntevn `c hn quc jmzng tm`ms

hms eg`eve`ums `c ugersc y mrjngeznrsc pnrn `cacg`cr m nhongznr egtcrcscs
omkugcs, pmr tngtm, fny `evcrsns amrkns `c nsmoenoemgcs, tnhcs omkm hns
ommpcrntevns, smoec`n`cs kcrongtehcs, MGJs, cto.

Ch `crcofm omhcotevm `ch trnbnlm, quc jnrngtezn ch `crcofm `c nsmoenoeÿg seg`eonh, cs quezîs ugn `c hns
cxprcsemgcs kîs ekpmrtngtcs `ch `crcofm `c nsmoenoeÿg, pucs rcjuhn hns rchnoemgcs cgtrc hms trnbnln`mrcs m
ckphcn`mrcs mrjngezn`ms omg hms `ckîs sulctms `ch kug`m `ch trnbnlm y hn smoec`n`, cg prmourn `c hmjrnr
rchnoemgcs `c trnbnlm lustns quc rceveg`equcg hn `ejge`n` fukngn y ch prmjrcsm smoenh.

Csouofc omg ntcgoeÿg hn prcscgtnoeÿg quc fnoc ch egstruotmr `c hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh y hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs
omhcotevms.

Ngnheoc ch `moukcgtm ‘ @CRCOFM]OMHCOPEQM]@CH]PRNBNLM]‛, ch nu`emve`cm ‘ @crcofms hnbmrnhcs ‛ y ve`cm

‘Omgvcgem Omhcotevm `ch Prnbnlm ‛, cxphequc omg sus pnhnbrns hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns y smoenhezn hns rcspucstns
cg phcgnren<
phcgnren <

½Cs pmsebhc quc pcrsmgns omg `evcrsms maeoems y vegouhn`ms n ckprcsns `eacrcgtcs amrkcg pnrtc `c
ugn smhn mrjngeznoeÿg seg`eonh= Cxphequc su rcspucstn. Fcotmr Nhclng`rm.

R//
_e sc puc`c, yn quc scrën hn mrjngeznoeÿg quc `caecg`n hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs `c hms ckphcn`ms `c
`eacrcgtcs ckprcsns `c ug kugeoepem m `cpnrtnkcgtm.

½^uå cs ug omgvcgem Omhcotevm `c Prnbnlm=

Ch Omgvcgem Omhcotevm `c Prnbnlm cs ug omgtrntm cgtrc hms seg`eontms `c ug `ctcrkegn`m scotmr `c

noteve`n` y ch ckphcn`mr, quc rcjuhn hns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm (snhnrems, lmrgn`n, `csongsms,
vnonoemgcs, heocgoens, onpnoetnoeÿg prmacsemgnh, cto.) y cstnbhcoc rcjhns smbrc hn rchnoeÿg cgtrc hms
seg`eontms y hn pnrtc ckphcn`mrn. Hns rcjuhnoemgcs omgtcge`ns cg ch OOP smg `c npheonoeÿg mbhejntmren
pnrn tm`ms hms trnbnln`mrcs `ch scotmr, cståg m gm naehen`ms n hms jrckems rcspcotevms, y tecgcg ug
ekpnotm sejgeaeontevm cg hn mrjngeznoeÿg `ch trnbnlm y cg hn onhe`n` `ch ckphcm.

½Ouîhcs smg chckcgtms aug`nkcgtnhcs `c ug Omgvcgem Omhcotevm `c Prnbnlm=

Ch mblctevm `c tm`m ch csaucrzm quc `csnrrmhhn hn mrjngeznoeÿg seg`eonh cs quc sus omkpnþcrms `ch
trnbnlm jngcg ch `crcofm `c gcjmoenr ug omgtrntm omhcotevm `c trnbnlm omg su pntrÿg.
 Fny oegom chckcgtms jcgcrnhcs quc `cbcg omkprmkctcrsc cg ug omgtrntm `urngtc hns
gcjmoenoemgcs. Fc nquë hn hestn omg clckphms `c mpoemgcs<

>. _NHNREM_< pnjm, bmgms, jnstms pnrn ocrteaeon`ms, cto.

2. OMBCRPSRN_ @C _CJSRM_< ntcgoeÿg kå`eon, pcgseÿg, ntcgoeÿg `cgtnh, ntcgoeÿg n hn vestn,
scjurm `c ve`n.
?. OMG@EOEMGC_ @C PRNBNLM< rcjhns y prmoc`ekecgtms `c trnbnlm, prm`uoteve`n` `ch ckphcn`m,
kcongeskms pnrn omgvcrsnr smbrc hms prmbhckns cg ch hujnr `c trnbnlm, cto.

0. YRMPCOOEMGC_ NH CKYHCM< ch `crcofm `c tcgcr ug prmocsm `c nu`ecgoen lustm c eg`cpcg`ecgtc,

se sc cs sngoemgn`m eglustnkcgtc m `cspc`e`m4 ch `crcofm `c tcgcr rcjhns `c ngt ejøc`n` pnrn
`cspe`ms pmr rcomrtc `c pcrsmgnh y rcomgtrntnoemgcs4 ch `crcofm `c gcjmoenr prmoc`ekecgtms
`esoephegnrems, cto.
3. PECKYM HEBRC< vnonoemgcs, `ëns `c anhtn pmr cgacrkc`n` y `ëns pcrsmgnhcs4 `ëns acren`ms, heocgoen
pmr augcrnh, heocgoen `c `cbcr omkm lurn`m, cto.

½^uå cs ug omgaheotm `c trnbnlm= Cxphequc su rcspucstn.

Hn omg`eoeÿg `c trnbnlm sc `ctcremrn, cg c h scgm `c hn ckprcsn puc`c `cscgon`cgnrsc ug omga heotm

`c trnbnlm m omgaheotm hnbmrnh. _cjüg hn mrjngeznoeÿg gnoemgnh `ch trnbnlm (MEP), hn omgaheoteve`n`
hnbmrnh puc`c kc`ersc pmr ch gükcrm `c fuchjns y oecrrc pntrmgnhcs cxpcrekcgtn`ms pmr ug pnës n
hm hnrjm `ch nþm.
Hms omgaheotms hnbmrnhcs smg `c gnturnhczn `estegtn cg augoeÿg `c hns omg`eoemgcs hnbmrnhcs quc sc fnyng
`ctcremrn`m. Sg omgaheotm hnbmrnh cs pucs, hn `esputn `c `crcofm m `c egtcrås quc sc susoetn
cgtrc ckphcn`mrcs y ckphcn`ms.
Hn gcjmoenoeÿg pnrn prmournr hn smhuoeÿg `c hms omgaheotms hnbmrnhcs sc hhcvn n onbm cgtrc hms  rcprcscgtngtc
seg`eonhcs m ugetnrems `c hms trnbnln`mrcs y hms ckprcsnrems m sus  rcprcscgtngtcs. Cg
 rcprcscgtngtcs.  Cg onsm `c `csnoucr`m, cg
nhjugms pnëscs rcsuhtn mbhejntmren hn sukeseÿg `ch omgaheotm n ug prmoc`ekecgtm `c  smhuoeÿg cxtrnlu`eoenh omg
onrîotcr prcvem n hn egtcrpmseoeÿg `c ugn `ckng`n lu`eoenh. Cstns augoemgcs smg nsuke`ns cg Cspnþn pmr
hn Aug`noeÿg
hn Aug`noeÿg _EKN. Cg
_EKN.  Cg hms onsms kîs cgomgn`ms `c omgaheoteve`n` hnbmrnh hms trnbnln`mrcs puc`cg mptnr pmr
`cohnrnrsc cg fuchjn
cg fuchjn y hms ckprcsnrems pmr npheonr ch hhnkn`m
h hnkn`m oecrrc
 oecrrc pntrmgnh.

 Sg omgaheotm hnbmrnh hm puc`c egeoenr ug ügeom trnbnln`mr arcgtc n su ckphcn`mr se omgse`crn quc ugn m
vnrens `c hns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm cg hn quc `csnrrmhhn su tnrcn hc cstî rcsuhtng`m pcrlu`eoenh. Cs ch
`cgmkegn`m omgaheotm eg`eve`unh.

 _e ch omgaheotm nacotn n ug jrupm `c trnbnln`mrcs eg`eve`unhkcgtc omgse`crn`ms gms cgomgtrnrckms

arcgtc n ug omgaheotm phurnh.

 Oung`m ch omgaheotm nacotn n ug jrupm jcgåreom `c trnbnln`mrcs, n pcsnr `c quc omg pmstcremre`n` qucpn
hn `ctcrkegnoeÿg eg`eve`unh, cstnkms ngtc ug omga heotm omhcotevm.
Omg eg`cpcg`cgoen `c hn ohnseaeonoeÿg ngtcremr, kî s lurë`eon, onbc tnkbeåg `estegjuer
` estegjuer cgtrc<

 Omgaheotm jrckenh omkm omgscoucgoen `c nhjugn prmbhckîteon quc nacotc nh scotmr nh quc pcrtcgcoc hn
ckprcsn.
 Omgaheotm prmvcgecgtc `c prmocsms smoemhÿjeoms (`esorekegnoeÿg `c jågcrm, `ckng`ns `c omgoehenoeÿg `ch
trnbnlm y hn ve`n prevn`n, `evcrse`n` ouhturnh y `esorekegnoeÿg åtgeon...) m pseom-smoenhcs (nomsm hnbmrnh m
scxunh cg ch trnbnlm...)

 Omgaheotm `c onrîotcr pmhëteom, se sc phngtcn

phn gtcn omkm omgscoucgoen `c `ctcrkegn`ms notms m hcycs quc
rcnheocg hns nutmre`n`cs jubcrgnkcgtnhcs quc nacotcg n nhjüg omhcotevm `c trnbnln`mrcs.

 Omgaheotm `c smhe`nre`n`. Oung`m sc phngtcn omkm rcspucstn n ug pcrlueoem suare`m pmr mtrm omhcotevm
`estegtm nh quc cxtcremrezn ch omgaheotm.

Fny quecgcs naerkng quc hn fuchjn cs ug n cstrntcjen utehezn`n pmr hms trnbnln`mrcs pnrn npm`crnrsc
`c hns ckprcsns y gm trnbnlnr. ½^uå mpegn ustc` nh rcspcotm=

Ch `crcofm aug`nkcgtnh `c `cohnrnr hn fuchjn sc fnhhn bnlm prcseÿg y ntnquc

n tnquc `ch scotmr pntrmgnh y nhjugms
jmbecrgms4 cstms jrupms prmpmgcg oucstemgnr cstc `crcofm cg hn prÿxekn rcugeÿg `c hn Mrjngeznoeÿg
Egtcrgnoemgnh `ch Prnbnlm (MEP), quc cstnbhcoc gmrkns kug`enhcs rcspcotm n hms `crcofms hnbmrnhcs.

Hn chekegnoeÿg `c cstc `crcofm fukngm tcg`rën jrnvcs rcpcrousemgcs pnrn tm`ms gmsmtrms.

Fc nquë oegom rnzmgcs ohnvc pmr

p mr hns quc ch `crcofm `c fuchjn cs gcocsnrem<

>. @cohnrnr ugn fuchjn cs ch ühtekm rcoursm, pcrm n vcocs cs hn ügeon fcrrnkecgtn quc tecgcg hms
trnbnln`mrcs pnrn prmtcjcrsc.
2. Omg ch `crcofm `c fuchjn, hms trnbnln`mrcs puc`cg cv etnr hn omkphctn `cpcg`cgoen `ch ckphcn`mr.
?. Nh omgtnr omg ch `crcofm `c fuchjn, sc puc`c hmjrnr ug knymr cquehebrem cgtrc ch pm`cr `c hms
trnbnln`mrcs y `c hns ckprcsns.
0. _eg ch `crcofm `c fuchjn, nukcgtnrën on`n vcz kîs ch gükcrm `c jmbecrgms quc prmfëbcg hn nooeÿg
eg`ustrenh, onstejng`m n hns pcrsmgns quc sc ntrcvcg n `cohnrnrsc cg fuchjn.
3. Hn knymrën `c hns fuchjns smg pmr snhnrems y pnrn kclmrnr hns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm. _eg hn nkcgnzn
`c fuchjn, hns ckprcsns cstnrîg cg omg`eoemgcs `c nukcgtnr sus jngngoens, pcrketecg`m n hn vcz
quc sc ckpcmrcg hns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm.

◍ Hebcrtn` _eg`eonh

@c noucr`m nh `moukcgtm ‘JSËN OMG@SOPN_ NPCGPNPMREN_ OMGPRN CH @CRCOFM @C N_MOENOEßG

_EG@EONH‛, y ch ve`cm ‘Hebcrtn` seg`eonh, ug `crcofm aug`nkcgtnh ‛  rcsuchvn omg su jrupm hns sejuecgtcs
prcjugtns<
½Ouîh cs hn `caegeoeÿg `c hebcrtn` seg`eonh=

Hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh cs ug `crcofm (aug`nkcgtnh) 

(aug`nkcgtnh)  `c hms trnbnln`mrcs y sus njrupnoemgcs pnrn
njrupnrsc y `cacg`cr sus egtcrcscs omkugcs. Onbc `cstnonr quc `eofn gmoeÿg omkprcg`c tm`ms hms
ntrebutms `c hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh, tngtm cg pcrspcotevn eg`eve`unh omkm omhcotevn, jnrngtezng`m hn
noteve`n` prcven y gcocsnren pnrn omgstetuer seg`eontms, `cbecg`m rcomgmocrsc sus pehnrcs quc smg
mrjngeznoemg, rcprcscgtnoeÿg, gcjmoenoeÿg y fuchjn, y su mblctm, quc cs hn `cacgsn `c hms egtcrcscs
omkugcs.

½Oÿkm omgstruer omgoecgoen pnrn ugn kclmr omkprcgseÿg `c hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh= 

Hn hebcrtn` `c nsmoenoeÿg, hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh y hn hebcrtn` `c gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn smg `crcofms

aug`nkcgtnhcs. Fug`cg sus rnëocs cg hn Omgstetuoeÿg `c hn MEP, nsë omkm cg hn @cohnrnoeÿg `c
Aehn`chaen, ngcxn n chhn. Hn omkuge`n` egtcrgnoemgnh rcnaerkÿ ch vnhmr kc`uhnr `c cstms `crcofms,
cspcoenhkcgtc cg hn Oukbrc Kug`enh smbrc @csnrrmhhm _moenh ochcbrn`n cg Ompcgfnjuc cg >553 y cg
hn @cohnrnoeÿg `c hn MEP `c >5 56 rchntevn n hms pregoepems y `crcofms aug`nkcgtnhcs cg ch trnbnlm y su
scjuekecgtm. Cstms `crcofms fnbehetngtcs fnocg pmsebhc prmkmvcr ugns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm
`cocgtcs y fnocrhns rcnhe`n`. Hn @cohnrnoeÿg `c hn MEP smbrc hn lusteoen smoenh pnrn ugn jhmbnheznoeÿg
cquetntevn, n`mptn`n cg 2996, subrnyn quc hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh y ch rcomgmoekecgtm cacotevm `ch
`crcofm `c gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn smg pnrteouhnrkcgtc ekpmrtngtcs pnrn pcrketer ch hmjrm `c tm`ms
hms mblctevms cstrntåjeoms `c hn MEP.

½^uå gmrkns gnoemgnhcs c egtcrgnoemgnhcs nkpnrng hn Hebcrtn` _eg`eonh= Bnermg Jresnhcs

Hn Hcy Mrjîgeon `c Hebcrtn` _eg`eonh cg su nrt. 2.>. n) cstnbhcoc quc hn h ebcrtn` seg`eonh omkprcg`c ch
`crcofm `c aug`nr seg`eontms seg nutmreznoeÿg prcven, nsë omkm ch `crcofm n suspcg`crhms m n
cxtegjuerhms, pmr prmoc`ekecgtms `ckmorîteoms, hm quc pnrcoc kîs ug omgtcge`m `c hn hebcrtn`
seg`eonh omhcotevn.

½^uå nooemgcs prmpmg`rën ustc` pnrn prmkmvcr ch `crcofm `c nsmoenoeÿg seg`eonh y hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh=

>. ^uc hns nutmre`n`cs tmkcg kc`e`ns caeonocs pnrn `ctcgcr hms nscsegntms `c hë`crcs smoenhcs,
seg`eonhcs, `cacgsmrcs `c `crcofms fukngms y cxomkbntecgtcs, y breg`nr hns jnrngtëns
gcocsnrens pnrn ch clcroeoem `ch he`crnzjm smoenh, y hn `cacgsn `c hms `crcofms `c oeu`n`ngën,
n`ckîs `c prmkmvcr hns egvcstejnoemgcs lu`eoenhcs
lu`eoenhcs pnrn quc gm sejn rcegng`m hn ekpuge`n`.

?. Kngtcgcr ugn nkphen y `ckmorîteon kmveheznoeÿg smoenh cg `cacgsn `c hn pnz, hn

ekphckcgtnoeÿg `ch Noucr`m `c Ynz, hn rcomgoehenoeÿg cgtrc tm`ms hms omhmkbengms y hn
 prmtcooeÿg `c hns
hns vëotekns.
0. ^uc hns nutmre`n`cs n`mptcg kc`e`ns caeonocs pnrn jnrngteznr ch `crcofm `c hebcrtn`
seg`eonh y `c gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn, y hn prmkmoeÿg `ch `eîhmjm smoenh caeonz. _c oukphn
cacotevnkcgtc hn augoeÿg `c egspcooeÿg hnbmrnh, egohusevc cg hn rurnhe`n`.
3. Amrkuhnr quclns egtcrgnoemgnhcs omgtrn ch Cstn`m pnrn cxejer ch oukphekecgtm `c hms
omkprmkesms y rcomkcg`noemgcs egtcrgnoemgnhcs nh Cstn`m omhmkbengm pmr pnrtc `c hn
Mrjngeznoeÿg Egtcrgnoemgnh `ch Prnbnlm, `ch Omketå `c Prnbnlm, Ckphcm y Nsugtms _moenhcs `c
hn MO@C, nhcgtng`m n hn Sgeÿg Curmpcn y nh Jmbecrgm `c hms Cstn`ms Sge`ms pnrn quc sc hc
cxeln nh Jmbecrgm `c Evîg @uquc ch cacotevm oukphekecgtm `c sus mbhejnoemgcs y quc tmkc hns
kc`e`ns gcocsnrens pnrn cvetnr hn `cskclmrn `c hms cstîg`nrcs hnbmrnhcs y hms `crcofms
seg`eonhcs cg Omhmkben.
 1. Yrmkmvcr hns nooemgcs hcjnhcs, `c kmveheznoeÿg y `cgugoen gcocsnrens, pnrn fnocr cxejebhcs
hms noucr`ms hnbmrnhcs egtcrgnoemgnhcs y gnoemgnhcs, quc omgtrebuyng n kclmrnr hns
omg`eoemgcs hnbmrnhcs y ch rcspctm `c hms `crcofms fukngms.
:. _c `cbc jnrngteznr ch augoemgnkecgtm `ch Jrupm Omgsuhtevm `c hn _moec`n` Oeveh, omg hn
 pnrteoepnoeÿg `c hms
hms seg`eontms
seg`eontms gnoemgnhcs
gnoemgnhcs cg
cg ch knrom `ch Noucr`m
Noucr`m `c`c Nsmoenoeÿg
Nsmoenoeÿg omg
omg hn Sgeÿg
Curmpcn omg ch aeg `c rcnheznr ch kmgetmrcm `c hms omkprmkesms hnbmrnhcs, `c `crcofms
fukngms y nkbecgtnhcs
6. Yrmkmvcr ugn pmhëteon pübheon pmr ch trnbnlm `cocgtc pmr pnrtc `ch Jmbecrgm, quc egohuyn
nooemgcs cacotevns pmr hn amrknheznoeÿg hnbmrnh, ch omgtrmh `c hn tcrocreznoeÿg c egtcrkc`enoeÿg
hnbmrnh, hms pnotms y omgtrntms seg`eonhcs, omgtrmh `c hn egamrknhe`n` y hn prconreznoeÿg
hnbmrnh, cspcoenhkcgtc cg hn rurnhe`n`, egohuycg`m hn prmtcooeÿg n hms trnbnln`mrcs `ch
oue`n`m, hn rcjuhnoeÿg `c hns p hntnamrkn

5. `ejetnhcs quc usng trnbnln`mrcs cg hn km`nhe`n` `c nutÿgmkms, cgtrc mtrns kc`e`ns.

5. Cxejerhc nh Cstn`m omhmkbengm quc tmkc kc`e`ns caeonocs pnrn egvcstejnr y sngoemgnr n hms
rcspmgsnbhcs `c hms nscsegntms y nkcgnzns omgtrn hë`crcs smoenhcs, seg`eonhcs y `cacgsmrcs `c
`crcofms fukngms.
>9. Cxejer ch augoemgnkecgtm nprmpen`m `ch sestckn km`crgm `c egspcooeÿg hnbmrnh,
egohuycg`m egspcooeÿg cg hns zmgns rurnhcs y noteve`n`cs njrëomhns.

Ynrn tcgcr cg oucgtn<

Hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh cs ug `crcofm fukngm y aug`nkcgtnh quc pcrketc n hms

trnbnln`mrcs hn `cacgsn y prmkmoeÿg `c sus `crcofms pnrn nscjurnr omg`eoemgcs
`ejgns `c snhnrem, `c ve`n y `c trnbnlm. Cs ug `crcofm fukngm pmrquc cs omgsustngoenh
n hn `ejge`n` cg ch trnbnlm y pmrquc cs ugn omg`eoeÿg eg`espcgsnbhc pnrn ch prmjrcsm
comgÿkeom y smoenh. _u egoukphekecgtm pmr pnrtc `c hms ckphcn`mrcs y `ch jmbecrgm
puc`c scr `cgugoen`m ngtc mrjngeskms gnoemgnhcs c egtcrgnoemgnhcs.

Rcsuchvc omg ch jrupm `c trnbnlm hns sejuecgtcs

sejuecgtcs prcjugtns omg ch `moukcgtm< Mrjngeznoeÿg _eg`eonh y hms
vë`cms ‘^uå cs ug seg`eontm > y 2‛  _moenhezn cstns rcspucstns y hns ngtcremrcs cg phcgnren.

½Ouîh cs ch pngmrnkn `c Omhmkben cg oungtm n hms @crcofms seg`eonhcs=

_mg vnrems hms nspcotms quc rcsuhtng ekpmrtngtcs pnrn `cstnonr n hn fmrn `c ngnheznr hn setunoeÿg `c hms
seg`eontms cg Omhmkben. Cg prekcr hujnr cs ekpmrtngtc n gmtnr quc hn tcg`cgoen rcjestrn`n cg hms
h ms ühtekms
nþms npugtn n ugn pnuhntegn `eskeguoeÿg cg ch gükcrm `c trnbnln`mrcs seg`eonhezn`ms, nomkpnþn`m `c
ugn `egîkeon `c cstngonkecgtm cg ch gükcrm `c seg`eontms, cg hn ounh hms gucvms
g ucvms seg`eontms, smbrc tm`m
`c ckprcsn, cgtrng n omkpcgsnr hn snhe`n `c seg`eontms trn`eoemgnhcs quc fng vcge`m `csnpnrcoecg`m cg
hms ühtekms nþms omkm arutm `c hms prmocsms `c prevnteznoeÿg, ausemgcs, ahcxebeheznoeÿg hnbmrnh y
fmstejnkecgtm, arcgtc n su hnbmr seg`eonh.
 ½Ouîh cs hn ekpmrtngoen `c hn MEP cg hn npheonoeÿg `ch `crcofm Hnbmrnh=

Hn keseÿg `c hn Mrjngeznoeÿg Egtcrgnoemgnh `ch Prnbnlm ( MEP) cs prmkmvcr hn lusteoen smoenh y hms `crcofms
fukngms y hnbmrnhcs  rcomgmoe`ms egtcrgnoemgnhkcgtc, smbrc hn bnsc `ch pregoepem aug`nkcgtnh `c quc hn
 lusteoen smoenh cs cscgoenh pnrn
pnrn hn pnz ugevcrsnh y `urn`crn.

½Ouîhcs smg hms aegcs `c ug seg`eontm=

Ch seg`eontm cs ugn nsmoenoeÿg pcrkngcgtc `c trnbnln`mrcs ouym aeg cs `cacg`cr hms `crcofms `c hms
trnbnln`mrcs y gcjmoenr omg hms ckprcsnrems pnrn mbtcgcr ugms kclmrcs snhnrems y omg`eoemgcs hnbmrnhcs.
Cs ugn nsmoenoeÿg quc `caecg`c y prmkmoemgn hms egtcrcscs comgÿkeoms, smoenhcs y prmacsemgnhcs
rchnoemgn`ms omg hn noteve`n` prmacsemgnh, hnbmrnh quc nacotng n trnbnln`mrcs pmr oucgtn nlcgn (m pmr
oucgtn prmpen seg ckphcn`ms)

½Oÿkm sc ohnseaeong hms seg`eontms=

Cxestcg `ms tepms `c seg`eontms  scjüg ch tepm `c keckbrms quc tcgjng< seg`eontms  `c trnbnln`mrcs
y seg`eontms  `c pntrmgcs. ... Jrckenhcs< amrkn`ms pmr trnbnln`mrcs `c ugn keskn prmacseÿg, maeoem m
cspcoenhe`n`. 2. @c ckprcsn< sc amrkng pmr trnbnln`mrcs quc prcstcg sus scrveoems cg ugn keskn ckp rcsn

½Ouîh cs hn ekpmrtngoen `c hn mrjngeznoeÿg seg`eonh pnrn hn `ckmornoen=

Ch seg`eonheskm cs aug`nkcgtnh pnrn hn `ckmornoen pmr vnrens rnzmgcs< prekcrm pmrquc, prcoesnkcgtc, cg hn
`ckmornoen hm quc sc buson cs quc fnyn ug cquehebrem `c pm`crcs, quc ch Cstn`m gm tcgjn kuofn kîs aucrzn
quc hms oeu`n`ngms, y quc hms oeu`n`ngms tcgjng kcongeskms pnrn rcohnknr sus `crcofms, y cs n trnvås `c hns
mrjngeznoemgcs seg`eonhcs omkm sc cxprcsn csc kcongeskm `c omgtrmh, cs `co er, hn aucrzn y ch pm`cr `ch Cstn`m
y `c hns ckprcsns arcgtc n hn aucrzn y ch pm`cr `c hms oeu`n`ngms pnrn rcohnknr sus `crcofms hnbmrnhcs. Cs ug
cquehebrem, ug omgtrnpcsm arcgtc nh pm`cr `c hns c kprcsns cg ugn `ckmornoen.

Cs trnvås `c hn mrjngeznoeÿg seg`eonh quc cg Omhmkben festÿreonkcgtc, gm sÿhm sc rcohnkn ch `c rcofm n ug kclmr
snhnrem, n ug snhnrem lustm, n lmrgn`ns `c trnbnlm lustns, segm quc hms seg`eonhestns cg Omhmkben fng `n`m ugn
pchcn kîs nhhî. Ymr clckphm hms seg`eontms `c hn snhu`
snh u` seckprc fng huofn`m pmrquc hn snhu` gm sc prevnteoc, quc
gm scn ug gcjmoem segm quc tm`ms hms omhmkbengms y omhmkbengns tcgjnkms `crcofm n ugn snhu` lustn y `ejgn
 ½Oÿkm nacotn n hn seg`eonheznoeÿg, hn tcrocreznoeÿg `ch ckphcm, ch trnbnlm n `cstnlm, hns
km`nhe`n`cs `c prcstnoeÿg `ch scrveoem, ch `csckphcm, ch omgtrntm n tårkegm aelm=

Hn tcrocreznoeÿg hnbmrnh cs ugm `c hms prmbhckns kîs jrng`cs `ch kcron`m hnbmrnh omhmkbengm. @urngtc nþms
hms hë`crcs seg`eonhcs `ch pnës fng huofn`m pnrn quc sc chekegc cstn amrkn `c vegouhnoeÿg hnbmrnh, quc nacotn hn
onhe`n` `ch trnbnlm y ch `crcofm `c nsmoenoeÿg.

Kîs jrnvc cs quc quecg hn prmkucvn scn ugn ckprcsn pübheon omkm Compctrmh, quc `cbcrën `nr clckphm.
Hnkcgtnbhckcgtc, hn tcrocreznoeÿg sc fn omgvcrte`m cg pnrtc egtcjrngtc `c hn pmhëteon hnbmrnh `c hn cstntnh
pctrmhcrn. Kc`engtc cstc kcongeskm sc vemhng

hms `crcofms `c hms trnbnln`mrcs y sc jmhpcn nh

n h seg`eontm y nh
n h omglugtm `ch kmvekecgtm seg`eonh.

Hn Sgeÿg _eg`eonh Mbrcrn cstî n`chngtng`m ug omglugtm `c cxejcgoens quc egohuycg hn rcveseÿg `c noteve`n`cs
pnrn `ctcrkegnr ouîhcs `c chhns quc cstîg tcrocrezn`ns `cbcg scr prcstn`ns `c kngcrn `ercotn pnrn jnrngtezn r
su amrknheznoeÿg hnbmrnh y hn onhe`n` `ch scrveoem, chejecg`m pnrn chhm cxohusevnkcgtc ch pcrsmgnh quc vecgc
`csckpcþng`m csn hnbmr. Ejunhkcgtc, pe`cg quc sc rcomgmzon nh seg`eontm omkm rcprcscgtngtc `c hms
trnbnln`mrcs tcrocrezn`ms cg noteve`n`cs prmpens y gm prmpens `c hn eg`ustren `ch pctrÿhcm y quc sc ntecg`ng
sus `ckng`ns cg kntcren `c lmrgn`n `c trnbnlm, trnbnlm `mkegeonh, nsë omkm o rcnr cg hn ckprcsn ugn omkeseÿg
gnoemgnh quc nbmr`c ch tckn `c amrkn pnuhntegn, egohuycg`m hns jnrngtëns `c cstnbehe`n` hnbmrnh pnrn hms
trnbnln`mrcs tcrocrezn`ms.

Ch jmbecrgm fn nsuke`m `evcrsms omkprmkesms cg kntcren hnbmrnh pnrn hn susorepoeÿg `c `evcrsms trntn`ms
omkcroenhcs, seg ckbnrjm, fn egoukphe`m sestckîteonkcgtc hm quc sc rcaecrc n kclmrnr hns omg`eoemgcs
hnbmrnhcs y jnrngteznr hms `crcofms `c hms trnbnln`mrcs. Ch onsm `c Compctrmh cs ekpmrtngtc pmrquc -pmr ch
tnknþm `c hn ckprcsn y su pnpch cg hn comgmkën gnoemgnh- sc omgvecrtc cg prcoc`cgtc pnrn tm`m ch pnës `c
`cscstekuhm `c hn mrjngeznoeÿg seg`eonh.

◍ Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn
ve`cms   quc n omgtegunoeÿg sc prcscgtng < Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn > y
Omg su jrupm `c trnbnlm mbscrvc hms ve`cms
Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn 2  r cprcscgtng`m
cprcscgtng`m cg ug jrîaeom hns rcspucstns n hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns<

½^uå tepms `c Gcjmoenoeÿg cxestcg=

RR// ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg nomkm`ntevn.
 ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg omkpctetevn.
 ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn..
  ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg `estrebutevn.
 ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg pmr omkprmkesm.
 ‟ Gcjmoenoeÿg cvetntevn

½Ouîhcs smg hns onrnotcrësteons `c hn Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn=

RR//. hn gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn cstnbn onrnotcrezn`n pmr ountrm pregoepems bîseoms< hn caeonoen jcgcrnh
nutmkîteon `c hms omgvcgems (cxtcgseÿg n tm`ns hns ckprcsns y tm`ms hms trnbnln`mrcs `ch îkbetm `ch
omgvcgem)4 ch onrîotcr gmrkntevm m aucrzn vegouhngtc `c hms omgvcgems quc scþnhn hn Omgstetuoeÿg
(npheonoeÿg mbhejntmren n hms omgtrntms eg`eve`unhcs `c hms trnbnln`mrcs oubecrtms pmr ch
omrrcspmg`ecgtc omgvcgem)4 hn uhtrn noteve`n` `c hms omgvcgems (prÿrrmjn eg`caege`n fnstn hn aerkn ` c
ugm gucvm, oung`m, aegnhezn`n su vejcgoen, fnyn se`m `cgugoen`m pmr nhjugn `c hns pnrtcs)4 y gm
omgourrcgoen `c hms omgvcgems (ekpmsebehe`n` `c quc ug omgvcgem puc`n scr km`eaeon`m pmr mtrm `c
`estegtm îkbetm, snhvm pnotm cg omgtrnrem cg noucr`m egtcrprmacsemgnh m omgvcgem cstntnh m
nutmgÿkeom).

½Ouîh cs hn aegnhe`n` `c hn Gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn=

RR//Hn gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn pcrsejuc `ms mblctevms. Ymr ugn pnrtc, servc pnrn `ctcrkegnr hns
rckugcrnoemgcs y hns omg`eoemgcs `c trnbnlm `c nquchhms trnbnln`mrcs n hms ounhcs sc npheon ug
noucr`m quc sc fn nhongzn`m kc`engtc gcjmoenoemgcs cgtrc `ms pnrtcs quc fng notun`m hebrc,
vmhugtnren c eg`cpcg`ecgtckcgtc. Ymr mtrn pnrtc, fnoc pmsebhc quc ckphcn`mrcs y trnbnln`mrcs
`caegng, kc`engtc noucr`m, hns gmrkns quc rcjerîg sus rchnoemgcs rcoëprmons.

½^uå prmkucvc hn MEP rcspcotm n hn Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn=

RR//prmkucvc pregoepems y jnrngtëns bîseons pnrn hms trnbnln`mrcs y prmtcooeÿg omgtrn hn

`esorekegnoeÿg ngteseg`eonh, hn gcjmoenoeÿg omhcotevn jnrngtezn quc hms trnbnln`mrcs y hms ckphcn`mrcs
gcjmoecg cg ug phngm `c ejunh`n` y quc hms rcsuhtn`ms smg lustms y cquetntevms.

Hns gmrkns Gnoemgnhcs c egtcrgnoemgnhcs quc nkpnrng hn gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn<

◍ Omgstetuoeÿg pmhëteon, nrtëouhm >5, nrtëouhm 19 y nrtëouhm 12.

◍ Oÿ`ejm `ch trnbnlm, nrtëouhm ?9? y sejuecgtcs

◍ Omgvcgem MEP Gm. 56 (@crcofm `c seg`eonoeÿg y Gcjmoenoeÿg Omhcotevn)

 ◍ @crcofm n hn Fuchjn

Ngnheoc ch ve`cm ‘@crcofm n hn Fuchjn‛ y ch `moukcgtm ‘`crcofm n hn fuchjn‛, y omg

bnsc cg hns rcspucstns `c hns sejuecgtcs prcjugtns chnbmrc ug onrtch smbrc ch `crcofm
n hn fuchjn<

½^uå cs ch @crcofm n hn Fuchjn=

RR/ Egtcrgnoemgnhkcgtc hn fuchjn cs rcomgmoe`n omkm ug `crcofm aug`nkcgtnh `c hms

trnbnln`mrcs, omgstetutevm `c hn hebcrtn` seg`eonh. Jcgcrnhkcgtc omgsestc cg `clnr `c
trnbnlnr omg ch mblctevm `c omgscjuer vcgtnlns hnbmrnhcs m smoenhcs. . Ch `crcofm n hn fuchjn sc cgoucgtrn
omgsnjrn`m cg ch nrtëouhm 31 `c hn Omgstetuoeÿg Ymhëteon, `c noucr`m om g ch ounh ‘sc jnrngtezn ch `crcofm `c
fuchjn, snhvm cg hms scrveoems pübheoms cscgoenhcs `caege`ms pmr ch hcjeshn`mr‛. Cstc `crcofm cstî cstrcofnkcgtc
rchnoemgn`m omg hms
hms pregoepems omgstetuoemgnhcs
omgstetuoemgnhcs `c smhe`nre`n`, `ejge`n`
`ejge`n` y pnrteoepnoeÿg (OY nrt. >) y omg hn
rcnheznoeÿg `c ug mr`cg smoenh lustm (OY nrt.

2), pmr hm ounh oukphc aegnhe`n`cs aug`nkcgtnhcs pnrn ch Cstn`m smoenh `c `crcofm omkm< cquehebrnr hns
rchnoemgcs cgtrc hms pntrmgcs y hms trnbnln`mrcs, rcsmhvcr hms omgaheotms comgÿkeoms omhcotevms `c kngcrn
pnoëaeon y kntcrenheznr ch rcspctm `c hn `ejge`n` fukngn y `c hms `crcofms
`crcofms `c hms trnbnln`mrcs. Cg cstc scgte`m,
hn fuchjn cs aug`nkcgtnh pnrn hn omgamrknoeÿg `c ug Cstn`m `ckmorîteom, pnrteoepntevm y phurnhestn, pucs
surjc `c hn gcocse`n` `c omg`uoer hms omgaheotms hnbmrnhcs pmr onuocs `ckmorîteoms.

½Ouîhcs smg hns omg`eoemgcs pnrn ch clcroeoem `ch `crcofm n hn Fuchjn=

RR// ‘Ch `crcofm `c fuchjn cstî rcstregje`m `c `ms amrkns< cstî prmfebe`m su clcroeoem cg hms scrveoems pübheoms
cscgoenhcs quc `ctcrkegc ch hcjeshn`mr y, mbvenkcgtc cg hms scþnhn`ms omkm tnhcs pmr ch O mgstetuycgtc. Cg hms
`ckîs onsms, su clcroeoem `cbc ocþersc n hn rcjhnkcgtnoeÿg quc `c åh fnjn ch hcjeshn`mr.

½Ouîhcs smg hns gmrkns gnoemgnhcs c egtcrgnoemgnhcs quc nkpnrng ch @crcofm n hn Fuchjn=

RR//N gevch egtcrgnoemgnh ch `crcofm n fuchjn cstî omgsnjrn`m cg vnrens gmrkns egtcrgnoemgnhcs< Hn Onrtn
_moenh Curmpcn cg ch nrtëouhm 64 ch Ynotm
Yn otm Egtcrgnoemgnh `c @crcofms Comgÿkeoms, _moenhcs y Ou hturnhcs rcjuhÿ ch
`crcofm n hn fuchjn, y hms Omgvcgems
O mgvcgems Egtcrgnoemgnhcs 6: y 56 `c hn MEP, rnteaeon`ms pmr Omhmkben kc`engtc hns
hcycs 21 y 2: `c >5:1, sc rcaecrcg n hn fuchjn cg amrkn eg`ercotn.