THE OXFORD MEDICAL COLLEGE, BANGALORE

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
Spotters

1. Name one antibiotic safe in pregnancy –Penicillin

Name one teratogenic drug – Phenytoin

2. Identify the adverse effect. :Angioedema

Name one drug which produces this effect: Ramipril

3. Identify the adverse effect: Phocomelia

Name the drug which produces this effect: Thalidomide

4. Identify the adverse effect: Cleft palate

Name one drug which produces this effect: Phenytoin

5. Identify the adverse effect : Gingival hyperplasia (gum hypertrophy)

Name one drug which produces this effect: Nifedipine

6. Identify the adverse effect: Discoloration of teeth

Name one drug which produces this effect: Tetracycline

7. Identify the adverse effect : Oral candidiasis

Name one drug which produces this effect: Beclomethasone (inhalational corticosteriods)

8. Ludwig’s Angina
Name two antimicrobials used for this condition - Penicillin G, Roxithromycin

9. PILOCARPINE
Which group does this drug belong to? – Cholinergic agonist – alkaloids
Mention one use – open angle glaucoma, Sialogogue in xerostomia

10. NEOSTIGMINE
Mention the mechanism of action - Reversible Cholinesterase inhibitor
Name one use - Myasthenia gravis

11. PRALIDOXIME
Which group it belongs to? - Cholinesterase reactivators – oximes
Mention one indication - Organophosphorus poisoning

12. ATROPINE
Mention one indication for this drug - Organophosphorus poisoning
Mention one adverse effect – dry mouth, delirium, fever, difficulty in micturition
13. SCOPOLAMINE
Which group it belongs to?
- Natural competitive cholinergic (muscarinic) alkaloid inhibitors
Mention one indication – Preanaesthetic medication, motion sickness

14. DICYCLOMINE
Mention one use – morning sickness, motion sickness, dysmenorrhea
Mention one important adverse effect–dry mouth, difficulty in urination

15. VALETHAMATE
Which group it belongs to? - Synthetic competitive cholinergic (muscarinic) antagonist
Anti secretory – antispasmodic tertiary amine
Mention one indication - Dilatation of cervix in labour, Urinary, biliary, intestinal colic

16. IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE

Which group it belongs to
- Semi-Synthetic competitive cholinergic (muscarinic) antagonist
Mention one indication - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

17. ATRACURIUM
Which group it belongs to – competitive peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
Mention the methods of elimination – Hoffmann elimination & cholinesterase

18. VECURONIUM
Which group it belongs to - competitive peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
Drug used in reversal – neostigmine

19. DANTROLENE SODIUM

Mention the site of action – RyR1(Ryanodine receptor) calcium channel in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum of the skeletal muscles
Mention one use – malignant hyperthermia

20. METHACARBAMOL
Which group it belongs to - centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
Mention one indication – lumbago, neuralgias, tetanus

21. ADRENALINE
Mention one life saving indication - Anaphylactic shock
Mention one contra indication – Hypertension, hyperthyroidism

22. NORADRENALINE
Mention one indication – shock
Mention one contraindication - Hypertension, hyperthyroidism

23. DOPAMINE
What is the route of administration? - I.V. infusion
Why it is preferred in shock - It dilates the renal and mesenteric blood vessels (D1 receptors) and
maintains circulation preventing acute renal failure

24. DOBUTAMINE
Dobutamine acts on which receptors– alpha and beta receptors
Mention one indication – congestive cardiac failure, hemorrhagic shock, neurogenic shock
25. SALBUTAMOL
Which group does it belong to? - Selective beta 2 agonist
Name one use - Bronchial asthma

26. RITODRINE
Which group it belongs to – adrenergic Selective beta 2 agonist – uterine relaxant & vasodilator
Mention one indication – threatened abortion

27. NAPHAZOLINE
Which group it belongs to - adrenergic alpha agonist – nasal decongestant
Mention one use – cold, rhinitis, blocked nose

28. PHENTOLAMINE
Which group it belongs to – competitive non-selective imidazoline derived alpha antagonist
Mention one indication – pheochromocytoma

29. PRAZOSIN
Which group it belongs to? – Competitive alpha 1 selective blocker
Mention one important adverse effect – postural hypotension

30. ATENOLOL
Write one use - Hypertension
Write one advantage over propranolol - No bronchospasm

31. NEBIVOLOL
Which group it belongs to – cardio selective beta 1 blocker
Mention one indication – hypertension, CHF

32. LABETALOL
Which group it belongs to – adrenergic blocker: non selective β1 + β2 blocker with additional α
blocking property

Mention one indication – pheochromocytoma, clonidine withdrawal, essential hypertension

33. RAMIPRIL
Which class it belongs to? –Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor
Mention one use – Hypertension

34. OLMESARTAN
Mention one indication – Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy
Mention one adverse effect – angioedema

35. MILRINONE
Which group it belongs to – phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor
Mention one indication – congestive heart failure

36. NIFEDIPINE
Which group it belongs to – dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
Mention one indication – variant angina, classical angina, hypertension
37. AMLODIPINE
Mention one use – Hypertension
Mention one adverse effect – ankle edema, hypotension

38. VERAPAMIL
Which subgroup it belongs to? – phenylalkylamine – calcium channel blocker
Mention one indication – PSVT, Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction

39. NITROGLYCERINE
Mention four routes of administration – sublingual, oral, transdermal patch, intravenous, spray.

40. ADENOSINE
Which group it belongs to – anti-arrhythmic drug
Mention one indication – supraventricular arrhythmias

41. FUROSEMIDE
Which group it belongs to – High efficacy diuretic – sulphamoyl derivative
Mention one adverse effect – hypokalemia, acute saline depletion

42. ACETAZOLAMIDE
Which group the drug belongs to? – Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: weak or adjunctive diuretic
Name two uses – glaucoma, to alkalinize urine, acute mountain sickness

43. KETAMINE
Which class it belongs to? – intravenous slow acting dissociative general anesthetic
Mention one advantage of this drug – can be used in hypotensive, bleeding & asthmatic patients

44. THIOPENTONE
Which group it belongs to - intravenous fast acting general anesthetic
Duration of action is 6-10 minutes though the elimination t1/2 is 8-12hr with a single injected
dose. Explain? – The drug undergoes redistribution

45. PROPOFOL
Which group it belongs to - intravenous fast acting general anesthetic
Why is it preferred in day care surgeries?

- less residual impairment & postoperative nausea vomiting

- Patient acceptability is good

46. LIDOCAINE
Mention the mechanism of action - Use dependent block of sodium channels
Name a non-local anesthetic use - Ventricular dysrhythmias

47. CARBAMAZEPINE
Which group it belongs to? - Anti epileptic – iminostilbene
Mention one use - Trigeminal neuralgia
48. PHENYTOIN
Write one indication - Grand mal epilepsy
Mention the dental side effect - Gum hyperplasia

49. FOSPHENYTOIN
Mention one indication and its route of administration -status epilepticus & intravenous

50. DIAZEPAM
Which group it belongs to? –Benzodiazepines
Name one use – convulsions, status epilepticus, tetanus, Insomnia

51. LEVODOPA
Mention one indication–Parkinsonism
Why levodopa is combined with carbidopa? – extracerebral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor –
levodopa t1/2 in the periphery increases, hence more of it crosses blood brain barrier & reaches
its site of action

52. CHLORPROMAZINE
Mention one use - Schizophrenia
Mention one adverse effect - Drug induced Parkinsonism

53. FLUOXETINE
To which group does this drug belong? - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Mention one indication – endogenous Depression

54. CITALOPRAM
Which group it belongs to - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Mention one indication - endogenous Depression

55. CLOZAPINE
Which group it belongs to – atypical antipsychotic drug
Mention one advantage – no extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia is rare, no raise in
prolactin levels

56. ESZOPICLONE
Which group it belongs to – non benzodiazepine hypnotic
Mention one advantage – little physical dependence and tolerance

57. FENTANYL
Name two routes of administration – intravenous, transdermal patch

58. FLUMAZENIL
What is an inverse agonist? – has affinity but intrinsic activity with a minus sign (IA between 0-1)
Mention one indication–to reverse benzodiazepine anaesthesia, benzodiazepine overdose
59. GABAPENTIN
Write the mechanism of action - enhances GABA release, modulates neuronal voltage sensitive
Calcium channel, reduce glutamate release – lower neuronal excitability
Mention one indication – diabetic neuropathy, post herpetic neuralgia

60. HALOPERIDOL
Which group it belongs to - antipsychotic drug butyrophenones
Mention one indication – Schizophrenia

61. LITHIUM
Mention one indication – acute mania, prophylaxis in bipolar disorder
Mention one important adverse effect – hypothyroidism, renal diabetes insipidus

62. METHADONE
Which group it belongs to – synthetic opioid agonist
Mention one indication – opioid dependence

63. ETHANOL
Mention two indications – antiseptic, methanol poisoning, carminative, intractable neuralgias

64. NALOXONE
Which group it belongs to – pure opioid antagonist
Mention one indication – morphine poisoning

65. QUETIAPINE
Which group it belongs to - atypical antipsychotic drug
Mention one indication – acute mania, bipolar depression

66. ACAMPROSATE
What is the mechanism of action – weak NMDA receptor antagonist, GABAA receptor agonist
Mention one indication – maintenance therapy of alcohol abstinence

67. SERTRALINE
Which group it belongs to -Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Mention one indication - endogenous Depression

68. BUPROPION
Which group it belongs to - atypical antidepressant drug
Mention one indication – aids in smoking cessation

69. MORPHINE
Mention one indication - Myocardial infarction
Mention one adverse effect - Respiratory depression
70. PENTAZOCINE
Which group it belongs to? - Mixed agonist and antagonist of opioid receptor
Give one important contraindication - Myocardial infarction

71. TRAMADOL
To which group does it belong? - Opioid analgesic
Give one important use - Fracture pain

72. PARACETAMOL
Which group it belongs to? - Para amino phenol, NSAIDs
How does it differ from aspirin? - No anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet effects

73. IBUPROFEN
Name one use - Tooth ache, dental surgery pain
Mention the common side effect – Gastritis

74. ASPIRIN
What is the mechanism of action? - Inhibits COX1 and COX2( PG) and TXA2 synthesis
Name the common side effect – Gastritis

75. ACECLOFENAC
Which group it belongs to – preferential COX 2 inhibitor
Mention one advantage
– enhances glycosaminoglycan synthesis conferring chondro-protective action

76. CELECOXIB
Which group it belongs to - selective COX 2 inhibitor
Mention one advantage – low ulcerogenic potential, better tolerated

77. BISACODYL
Which group does this drug belong to?-Stimulant purgative
Name one use - Functional constipation

78. LOPERAMIDE
Write one use of this drug – Diarrhea
What is the common side effect –Constipation

79. PANTOPRAZOLE
Write the mechanism of action - Proton pump inhibitor
Mention one use - Peptic ulcer

80. RANITIDINE
Write the mechanism of action - H2 receptor blocker
Mention one use - Peptic ulcer
81. ONDANSETRON
What is the mechanism of action - 5HT3 antagonist
Mention one use - Cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting

82. DOMPERIDONE
What is the mechanism of action? - Dopamine blocker in CTZ
Write one use–cancer chemotherapy induced nausea vomiting

83. DINOPROSTONE
Which group it belongs to –PGE2 analogue
Mention one indication – Induction/augmentation of labour, midterm abortion

84. MISOPROSTOL
Mention two indications – peptic ulcer, termination of pregnancy upto 49 days

85. CETIRIZINE
Which group it belongs to? - Second generation antihistamine
Mention one use - Allergic rhinitis

86. MONTELUKAST
Which group it belongs to – cysLT1receptor antagonist
Mention one indication – prophylactic therapy in mild to moderate asthma

87. SUMATRIPTAN
Which group it belongs to – selective 5-HT1D/1B agonist
Mention one indication – treatment of acute attacks of moderate to severe migraine

88. CINNARIZINE
Which group it belongs to – first generation moderately sedative H1 antihistaminic
Mention one indication – vertigo

89. INSULIN
What is the common route of administration? - Subcutaneous
Write one important adverse effect – Hypoglycemia

90. METFORMIN
Which group it belongs to? - Biguanide- oral hypoglycemic agent
Mention one important adverse effect - Lactic acidosis

91. TRIAMCINOLONE
To which group does this drug belong? - Topical steroid
Mention one indication - Aphthous ulcers
92. UROKINASE
Which group it belongs to – fibrinolytic
Mention one indication – Acute myocardial infarction

93. HEPARIN
Mention one indication – deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
Name heparin antagonist – protamine sulfate

94. WARFARIN
Mention one indication – deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
Mention one adverse effect –bleeding – ecchymosis, epistaxis, hematuria

95. REVIPARIN
Which group it belongs to – low molecular weight heparin
Mention one indication – deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism

96. ACENOCOUMAROL
Which group it belongs to – oral anticoagulant – coumarin derivative
Mention one indication – deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism

97. ALTEPLASE
Which group it belongs to – fibrinolytic – recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)
Mention one indication – Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism

98. ATORVASTATIN
What is the mechanism of action? – HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Mention one indication – primary hyperlipidemias

99. BENZYL PENICILLIN

Write the mechanism of action - Cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan) inhibition
Mention one prophylactic use - Rheumatic fever

100. AMOXICILLIN
Which class does this drug belong to? - Beta lactam, aminopenicillin
Mention one therapeutic use – bronchitis, urinary infections, SABE

101. CLARITHROMYCIN
Write the mechanism of action - Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (combines with 50S ribosome
subunits)
Mention 2 advantages over erythromycin - Long acting, wider spectrum

102. DOXYCYCLINE
Which group does this drug belong to? –Tetracyclines
Mention one contraindication - pregnancy
103. CIPROFLOXACIN
Write the mechanism of action - Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Why it is not used in children? - Damages weight bearing cartilages leading to arthropathy

104. STREPTOMYCIN
Mention one important use –Tuberculosis
What is the common adverse effect produced by this drug? – Ototoxicity

105. GENTAMICIN
Mention one use - Pseudomonas infections
Mention one important ADR – Nephrotoxicity

106. Isoniazid
Mention one use –Tuberculosis
Mention one adverse effect –Hepatotoxicity

107. Metronidazole
Mention one therapeutic use
Mention one medical use –Amoebiasis

108. Fluconazole
Which class does it belong? - Azole anti-fungal
Mention one use -Oral candidiasis

109. Zidovudine
Which class it belongs to? - Anti retroviral drug – NNRTI
Important adverse effect –Anaemia

110. Ferrous sulphate

Mention one indication for this preparation - Iron deficiency anemia
Name the antidote for overdose with this drug – Desferrioxamine

111. Vitamin B12

Along with which drug is it given in megaloblastic anemia - Folic acid
For how long it is given in pernicious anemia and by what route - Life long, i.m

112. Povidone iodine

Mention one advantage over tincture iodine - Non staining
Mention one use – for surgical scrubbing, boils, burns,

113. Hydrogen peroxide

Write the mechanism of action - Liberates nascent oxygen
Mention one indication – Gingivitis
114. Identify the dosage form– suppository
Name two drugs administered in this form–paracetamol, promethazine

115. Identify the route of drug administration – intraarticular injection

Give two examples of drugs given by this route – hydrocortisone, infliximab, hyaluronic acid

116. Identify – insulin syringe

Mention the drug given and its route of administration. –Insulin & subcutaneous injection

117. Name two drugs given by sublingual route – glyceryl trinitrate, buprenorphine

118. Name two drugs administered by transdermal drug delivery patch -glyceryl trinitrate,
fentanyl, nicotine, estradiol

119. Name two drugs given as enema – hyrdrocortisone, magnesium sulfate

120. Mention two of drugs given epidurally– lidocaine, bupivacaine, dexamethasone,

Methylprednisolone,  morphine, fentanyl.