Chapter 2

Functions

Md. Zahangir Hossan (ZHn)

Senior Lecturer
Department of Mathematics and Physics
North South University
Email: zahangir.hossain@northsouth.edu
20/07/2020 1
 Function and Their Graphs
Definitions

When the value of one variable is related to the

value of a second variable, we have a relation. A
relation is a correspondence between two sets. If
x and y are two elements in these sets and if a
relation exists between x and y, then we say that x
corresponds to y or that y depends on x, and we
write x y.
20/07/2020 2
 Function and Their Graphs
Function

Figure 1 Figure 2

20/07/2020 3

Figure 3 Figure 4
 Function and Their Graphs
Function
Let X and Y be two nonempty sets. A function from X into Y is a
relation associates with each element of X exactly one element of Y.

The set X is called the domain of the function and the set Y is called
the range of the function.

For each element x in X, the corresponding element y in Y is called

the image of x.

For the function y = f(x), the variable x is the called independent

variable and y is called the dependent variable.

X also called input of the function and y output of the function. It

is to remember that each input corresponds to exactly one output.
20/07/2020 4
Function and Their Graphs
Domain & Range of a Function

20/07/2020 5
 Function and Their Graphs
Determining Whether an Equation Is a Function

20/07/2020 6
 Function and Their Graphs
Find the Value of a Function
Functions are often denoted by letters such as f, F, g, G, and others.

20/07/2020 7
 Function and Their Graphs
Implicit and explicit form of a Function

20/07/2020 8
 Function and Their Graphs
Finding the Domain of a Function

20/07/2020 9
 Function and Their Graphs
Finding the Domain of a Function
Example 08 (page 5)

20/07/2020 10
 Function and Their Graphs
Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of Two Functions

If and are functions then the sum is the function defined by

= +

If and are functions then the difference is the function defined by

= -

If and are functions then the product is the function defined by

= *

If and are functions then the quotient is the function defined by

= 
20/07/2020 11
 Function and Their Graphs
Operations on Functions
Example 10 (page 55)

Home Work
20/07/2020 12