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r`rh;ks Hkkx%
v"VeoxkZ; laLÑrikB~;iqLrde~
 ISBN 978-81-7450-810-2

izFke laLdj.k lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr

tuojh 2008 ek?k 1929  izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks
Nkiuk rFkk bySDVªkWfudh] e'khuh] iQksVksizfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZ±x vFkok
iqueZqæ.k fdlh vU; fof/ ls iqu% iz;ksx i¼fr }kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok
izlkj.k oftZr gSA
tuojh 2008 ikS"k 1930  bl iqLrd dh fcØh bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ
tuojh 2010 ek?k 1931 vuqefr osQ fcuk ;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok
fdlh vU; izdkj ls O;kikj }kjk m/kjh ij] iqufoZØ; ;k fdjk, ij u
tuojh 2011 ek?k 1932 nh tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA
tuojh 2012 ek?k 1933  bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfæzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok
fpidkbZ xbZ iphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh
vDrwcj 2012 vkf'ou 1934 la'kksf/r ewY; xyr gS rFkk ekU; ugha gksxkA
vDrwcj 2013 vkf'ou 1935
PD 350T RPS ,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh- osQ izdk'ku izHkkx osQ dk;kZy;
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQil
Jh vjfoan ekxZ
© jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k u;h fnYyh 110 016 iQksu % 011&26562708
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gsyh ,DlVsas'ku] gksLMsosQjs
cuk'kadjh III bLVst
csaxyq# 560 085 iQksu % 080&26725740
uothou VªLV Hkou
Mkd?kj uothou
vgenkckn 380 014 iQksu % 079&27541446
lh-MCY;w-lh- oSaQil
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` 50.00 dksydkrk 700 114 iQksu % 033&25530454
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xqokgkVh 781021 iQksu % 0361&2674869

izdk'ku lg;ksx I+kQ

vè;{k] izdk'ku izHkkx % v'kksd JhokLro
eq[; mRiknu vfèkdkjh % f'ko oqQekj
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isij
ij eqfnzrA eq[; O;kikj izcèa kd % xkSre xkaxqyh
eq[; laiknd (lafonk lsok) % ujs'k ;kno
izdk'ku izHkkx esa lfpo] jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlaèkku
vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vj¯on ekxZ] u;h lgk;d mRiknu vfèkdkjh % vCnqy ubZe
fnYyh 110 016 }kjk izdkf'kr rFkk isfydu vkoj.k fp=kkadu
iSzl] ,&45] ukjk;.kk baMfLVª;y ,fj;k] isQ”k&II] dju pM~<k nqxkZ ckbZ O;ke
u;h fnYyh 110 028 }kjk eqfærA
 iqjksoko~Q
2005 bZLoh;k;ka jkf"Vª;&ikBÔp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~ vuq'kaflra ;r~ Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;thoua
fo|ky;srjthousu lg ;kstuh;e~A fl¼kUrks¿;a iqLrdh;KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% i`Fko~Q
orZrs] ;L;k% izHkkokr~ vLekoaQ f'k{kkO;oLFkk bnkuha ;kor~ fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L;
p eè;s vUrjkya iks"k;frA jkf"Vª;ikBÔp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBÔØe&ikBÔiqLrdkfu vL;
ewyHkkoL; O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oA iz;kls¿fLeu~ fo"k;k.kka eè;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs% fuokj.ka
KkukFk± jVuizo`Ùks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyra orZrsA vk'kkLegss ;r~ iz;klks¿;a 1986
bZLZ oh;k;ka jkf"Vª;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'kaflrk;k% ckyosQfUnzr&f'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA
iz;RuL;kL; lkiQY;a fo|ky;kuka izkpk;kZ.kke~ vè;kidkuk×p rs"kq iz;kls"kq fuHkZja ;=k
rs lokZufi Nk=kku~ LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZf;rqa] dYiuk'khyfØ;k% fo/krqa] iz'uku~ iz"Vaq p
izksRlkg;fUrA vLekfHk% vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a ;r~ LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;a p ;fn nh;sr]
rfgZ f'k'ko% o;LoSQ% iznÙksu Kkusu la;qT; uwrua Kkua l`tfUrA ijh{kk;k% vkèkkj%
fuèkkZfjr&ikBÔiqLrdeso bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL; fofo/lkèkukuka Ïksrlka p vuknjL;
dkj.ks"kq eq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kq ltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo`Ùks'p vkèkkua rnSo lEHkosr~ ;nk o;a rku~
f'k'kwu~ f'k{k.kizfØ;k;k% izfrHkkfxRosu LohoqQ;kZe] u rq fuèkkZfjrKkuL; xzkgdRosu ,oA
bekfu mís';kfu fo|ky;L; nSfuddk;ZØes dk;Zi¼rkS p ifjorZueis{kUrsA ;Fkk
nSfud&le;&lkj.;ka ifjorZu'khyRoe~ visf{kra rFkSo okf"kZddk;ZØek.kka fuoZg.ks rRijrk
vko';dh ;su f'k{k.kkFk± fu;rs"kq dkys"kq oLrqr% f'k{k.ka Hkosr~A f'k{k.kL; ewY;kÄïuL; p
foèk;% Kkif;";fUr ;r~ ikBÔiqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;h;&thous vkuUnkuqHkwR;Fk± fd;r~
izHkkfo orZrs] u rq uhjlrk;k% lk/ue~A ikBÔp;kZHkkjL; funkuk; ikBÔØefuekZr`fHk%
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iz;Ruks fofgr%A iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka Ñrs fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kq okrkZ;k%]
dk;kZuqHkokfn&xfrfoèkhuka p Ñrs izkpq;sZ.k volja nnkfrA ikBÔiqLrdL;kL; fodklk;
fof'k"V;ksxnkuk; jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqlUèkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~ Hkk"kkijke'kZnkr`lfers% vè;{kk.kka
izk-s ukeojflagegksn;kuka] laLÑrikBÔiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka izk-s jkèkkoYyHkf=kikfB&
egkHkkxkuka] ikBÔiqLrdfuekZ.klfers% lnL;kuk×p Ñrs gkfnZoQha ÑrKrka Kki;frA iqLrdL;kL;
fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk% vuqHkfou% f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkua ÑroUr%] rs"kka laLFkkizeq[kku~ laLFkk'p
izfr èkU;oknks O;kfß;rsA ekuolalk/ufodkleU=kky;L; ekè;fedksPpf'k{kkfoHkkxsu izks-
e`.kkyfejh izks- th-ih- ns'kik.Msegksn;kuke~ vkè;{ks la?kfVrk;k% jkf"Vª;&i;Zos{k.klfers%
lnL;ku~ izfr rs"kka cgqewY;;ksxnkuk; o;a fo'ks"ks.k ÑrKk%A
ikBÔiqLrdfodklØes mUurLrjk; fujUrja iz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;a iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka
Ñrs mi;qDrrja drq± fo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% vè;kidS'p izsf"krkuka lRijke'kkZuka lnSo Lokxra
fo/kL;frA

u;h fnYyh funs'kd%

30 uoEcj 2007 jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~

iv
 IkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

vè;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr

ukeoj ¯lg] iwoZ vè;{k] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osQUnz] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyhA
eq[; ijke'kZd
jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] vè;{k] laLÑr foHkkx] gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj] eè;izns'kA
eq[; leUo;d
jketUe 'kekZ] izksi+sQlj ,oa vè;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA
lnL;
Kkunsoef.k f=kikBh] lgk;d funs'kd] lheSV] ,l-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh] iVuk] fcgkjA
iadt dqekj feJ] izoDrk laLÑr] lsUV LVhisQUl dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh&7
jk?kosUnz iziUu] izoDrk] ,e-oh- dkWyst vkWiQ ,tqosQ'ku] xhrk dkWyksuh] fnYyh&31
ukjk;.k nk'k] izoDrk laLÑr] jkeÑ".k fe'ku vkoklh; egkfo|ky;] ujsUnziqj] dksydkrkA
laxhrk xqna p
s k] izoDrk laLÑr] rqyukRed Hkk"kk rFkk laLÑfr foHkkx] cjdrmyk fo'ofo|ky;]
Hkksiky] eè; izns'kA
iwokZ Hkkj}kt] fujarj] u;h fnYyhA
iq#"kksÙke feJ] ih-th-Vh- laLÑr] jk- o- ek- ck- fo|ky; ua- 1] ekWMy Vkmu] fnYYkhA
Vhdkjke f=kikBh] ih-th-Vh- laLÑr] 'kkldh; mRÑ"V mPprj ekè;fed fo|ky;] lkxj]
eè;izn's kA
lqxU/ ik.Ms;] Vh-th-Vh- laLÑr] osQUnzh; fo|ky;] dk'khiqj] m/e ¯lg uxj] mÙkjk[k.MA
deys'k egrk] Vh-th-Vh- laLÑr] loksnZ ; dU;k fo|ky;] efgikyiqj] fnYyhA
lnL; ,oa leUo;d
j.kftr csgsjk] izoDrk laLÑr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA
 vkHkkj
jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa ,oa f'k{kdksa
osQ izfr ÑrKrk Kkfir djrh gS ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa viuk lfØ;
;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ifj"kn~ izksi+sQlj mek'kadj 'kekZ ½f"k] lsokfuo`r] vè;{k] laLÑr foHkkx] iVuk
fo'ofo|ky;] iVuk ,oa MkW- v"VHkqtk 'kqDy] izoDrk laLÑr] laLÑr egkfo|ky;]
fp=kk[kksj] cjgqvk] oLrh] mÙkj izns'k dh vkHkkjh gS ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa
viuk ;FkklEHko ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ifj"kn~ izksi+sQlj jkedj.k 'kekZ] iwoZ oqQyifr] lEiw.kkZuUn laLÑr fo'ofo|ky;]
okjk.klh rFkk njHkaxk laLÑr fo'ofo|ky;] njHkaxk ,oa MkW- Jh/j HkkLdj o.ksZdj osQ
izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrh gS ftudh jpukvksa ls bl iqLrd esa ikB~;&lkexzh yh
xbZ gSA
iqLrd fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx osQ fy, ij'kjke dkSf'kd] izHkkjh] dEI;wVj LVs'ku]
Hkk"kk foHkkx_ nqxkZ nsoh] izwi+Q jhMj ,oa deys'k vk;Z] Mh-Vh-Ikh- vkWijsVj èkU;okn osQ
ik=k gSaA
 Hkwfedk
laLÑr Hkk"kk esa izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr] lH;rk] bfrgkl] dyk] n'kZu]
foKku vkfn fo"k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh jgh gSA Hkkjro"kZ dk fo'kky HkwHkkx
fofoèkrkvksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA blesa HkkoukRed ,drk dh lnk izokfgr gksus okyh
èkkjk laLÑr osQ ekè;e ls tkuh tk ldrh gSA fofo/ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ij Hkh
laLÑr osQ O;kdj.k rFkk okD;&jpuk dk izHkko ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA ijLij lg;ksx]
R;kx] lR;] v¯glk] jk"VªHkfDr] fo'ocU/qRo vkfn esa fufgr lkfgR; dk uSfrd
egÙo vkt iwoZ dh vis{kk vR;f/d ekuk tkrk gSA bu lcosQ fodkl osQ fy,
laLÑr dk Kku vko';d gSA vkèkqfud laLÑr jpuk,¡ lekt osQ misf{kr leqnk;
osQ izfr Hkh mnkjrkiwodZ eq[kj gSAa blls laLÑr dk egÙo oLrqr% c<+ x;k gSA
lEiz"s k.kkRed mikxe osQ vk/kj ij laLÑr osQ f'k{k.k dks fo|ky; Lrj ij
lqxe] #fpdj rFkk lqxkz á :i esa izLrqr djus osQ fy, jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh
:ijs[kk 2005 osQ vuqlkj LohÑr ikB~;Øe osQ Øe esa jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlèa kku
vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ osQ rÙoko/ku esa laLÑr dh uohu ikB~;iqLrdkas osQ fuekZ.k
dh ;kstuk izkjEHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk osQ vUrxZr Hkk"kk&foHkkx }kjk mPpizkFkfed
Lrj ij rhu Hkkxksa esa fodkl fd;k x;k gSA blesa vè;srkvksa dks tkx:d cukus
okyh rFkk ;FkkFkZ thou ls lac¼ jkspd ,oa Kkuo/Zd lkexzh nh xbZ gSA
#fpjk iqLrd kÜ … ` yk vius uke osQ vuqlkj #fpo/Zd lkexzh ls fo|ky;
Lrj ij Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa esa laLÑr Hkk"kk osQ iz;ksx esa oqQ'kyrk rks nsxh gh lkFk gh
laLÑr Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; osQ izfr muesa visf{kr vfHk#fp Hkh mRiUu djus esa
leFkZ gksxh] ,slk fo'okl gSA
` yk dk r`rh; iq"i #fpjk r`rh;ks Hkkx% Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa osQ fy, izLrqr
blh kÜ …
gSA blosQ fuekZ.k esa bl ckr dk è;ku j[kk x;k gS fd d{kk esa f'k{kd vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh vUr%fØ;k iz'uksÙkj ekè;e ls laLÑr esa gh gks ftlls fo|kFkhZ ljy laLÑr
okD;ksa dks le>us] cksyus] i<+us vkSj fy[kus dk dkS'ky fodflr dj losQa A
#fpjk osQ bl Hkkx esa oqQy 15 ikB gSa ftuesa Ng i|kRed rFkk rhu laoknkRed
;k ukV~;:i gSAa 'ks"k ikB dFkkRed ;k fucU/kRed gSAa i|kRed ikBksa esa lqHkkf"krkfu
uSfrd ewY;ksa ls ;qDr izkphu dfo;ksa dh lqUnj mfÙkQ;ksa dk ladyu gSA lHkh i| xs;
gSAa v'kksdofudk 'kh"kZd ikB okYehfdjfpr jkek;.k osQ lqUnjdk.M ls ladfyr gS
ftlesa yÄïk esa fLFkr v'kksdofudk osQ izkÑfrd lkSUn;Z dk o.kZu gSA fgeky;%
dkfynkl osQ oqQekjlEHkoe~ egkdkO; ls ladfyr gS tks ioZrjkt fgeky; osQ
uSlfxZd lkSUn;Z dk o.kZu gSA izgfs ydk esa izkphu dky ls izpfyr laLÑr igsfy;ksa
dk ladyu gSA bu izkphu laLÑr i|&jpukvksa osQ vfrfjDr nks vkèkqfud laLÑr
xhr Hkh bl ikB esa ladfyr gSAa laLÑr Hkk"kk dh NUn%lEink dh y; ,oa xs;rk dk
vkuUn Nk=kksa dks izkIr gks] ,rnFkZ oqQN uohu xhr Hkh bl iqLrd esa fn;s x, gSAa lnSo
iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~ Lo- Jhèkj HkkLdj o.ksd Z j }kjk jfpr mn~cks/u&dfork osQ :i
esa gSA tyokfguh ,d yksdxhr dk laLÑr xhfr&:ikUrj gSA
laoknkRed ikBksa esa HkxonTtqde~ cks/k;u&jfpr laLÑr&izglu ls ladfyr
ikB gS ftlesa ijdk;izo's k dk fofp=k vkSj jkspd dFkkud gSA lIrHkfxU;% mÙkj&iwoZ
Hkkjr osQ lkr jkT;ksa osQ lkaLÑfrd egRo fn[kkusokyk ikB gSA blh izdkj d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% esa laokn osQ }kjk vk/qfud thou esa c<+rs tk jgs IykfLVd inkFkks± osQ
mi;ksx osQ dkj.k mRiUu gksuos kyh i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa ij n`f"V Mkyh xbZ gSA
x|kRed ikBksa esa fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk fo".kq'kekZ }kjk jfpr izfl¼
uhfrdFkk i×prU=k ls ladfyr gS ftlesa 'k`xky rFkk ew[kZ ¯lg dh dFkk nh xbZ
gSA èkesZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ ikB ,d yksddFkk dk laLÑr esa vk/qfud :ikUrj.k
gS ftlesa yksddFkk osQ dkSrd q osQ fuokZg osQ lkFk izR;qRiUuefrRo dk jkspd
mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA izes yL; izes Y;k'p dFkk xqtjkrh osQ izfl¼
dFkkdkj ,oa f'k{kkfon~ fxtwHkkbZ dh ,d xqtjkrh dgkuh dk laLÑr :ikUrj gSA

viii
 blesa rhu dFkkRed x|&ikBksa osQ vfrfjDr rhu uofufeZr fucU/ Hkh gS]a
ftuesa lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk% ty izc/ a u osQ ikjaifjd Kku ls tqMs+ mu okLrqdkjksa
osQ fo"k; esa Hkkoizo.k ifjp; nsrk gS ftUgsa jktLFkku esa xt/j dgk tkrk FkkA
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys ikB es]a egkjk"Vª esa L=kh&f'k{kk osQ rFkk nfyr psruk osQ izlkj dk;ks±
esa vxz.kh ,d izfl¼ efgyk dh thouh nh x;h gSA vfUre fucU/ izkphu Hkkjr osQ
izfl¼ oSKkfud vk;ZHkV osQ oSKkfudfpUru dks izdkf'kr djrk gSA bls vk;ZHkV
'kh"kZd ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
bl izdkj ikBksa dk p;u u;h n`f"V ls laLÑr osQ O;kid :i dks
izfrfuf/Ro nsrs gq, fd;k x;k gSA izR;sd ikB osQ vkjEHk esa ikB&ifjp; nsrs gq, mlosQ
vUr esa 'kCnkFkZ] vH;kl&iz'u rFkk ;ksX;rk&foLrkj osQ }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ cqf¼&fodkl
,oa Hkk"kk&lajpukRed Kku dh izxfr ij è;ku j[kk x;k gSA
la{ksi esa #fpjk r`rh;ks Hkkx% esa fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij cy fn;k x;k gS%
 laLÑr Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh ledkyhu lUnHkks± esa igpku
 vHkh rd ikB~;&iqLrdksa esa misf{kr fo"k;ksa dks js[kkafdr djuk
 laLÑr 'kCnksa vkSj okD;ksa dk 'kq¼ mPpkj.k
 fn;s x;s funs'Z kksa osQ vk/kj ij iz'uksÙkj ,oa iz'u&fuekZ.k dk dkS'ky
 Hkkf"kd rÙoksa (Jo.k] Hkk"k.k] iBu rFkk ys[ku) dk dkS'ky
 thouewY;ksa ls ;qDr lqHkkf"kr&i|ksa dk ifjp;
 laLÑr esa lkekU; okrkZyki dj ldus dh {kerk
 laLÑr orZuh dks 'kq¼ :i esa tkuus vkSj fy[kus dh {kerk
 jkspd izkphu vkSj vk/qfud dFkkvksa osQ }kjk dYiuk&'khyrk dk fodkl
f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk
fdlh ikB~;Øe dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd igqp
¡ kus esa f'k{kd dh eè;LFkrk rks vko';d
gksrh gh gS] mls vR;f/d lq#fpiw.kZ] lgt vkSj xzká cukus esa Hkh mldh lfØ;
Hkwfedk egÙoiw.kZ gSA vè;kiu dh liQyrk osQ fy, ,d vksj rduhdh 'kSyh ls
ix
fufeZr ikB~;iqLrdksa dh vis{kk jgrh gS rks nwljh vksj ikB~;iqLrdksa esa fufgr
O;kdj.k&lEcUèkh fcUnqvksa vkSj Hkkf"kd rÙoksa osQ izk;ksfxd vH;kl gsrq oqQ'ky
vè;kiu&'kSyh Hkh visf{kr gSA vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd f'k{kdx.k izLrqr iqLrd osQ
ekè;e ls Hkk"kk osQ visf{kr dkS'kyksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk osQ lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa
rd igqp¡ kus esa viuk cgqeYw ; ;ksxnku iznku djsxa As dFkk&izlÄkõ as rFkk xhrksa dks
ân;Äõe cukus osQ fy, vko';drk osQ vuqlkj n`';&JO; ;kfU=kd ekè;eksa dk
mi;ksx visf{kr gSA tks ikB laokn&ijd gSa mudk vfHku; Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls djk;k
tk ldrk gSA
bl ladyu dks ;|fi fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ vuq:i cukus dk iwjk iz;kl fd;k x;k
gS rFkkfi bls fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, vkSj Hkh vf/d mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vuqHkoh
laLÑr vè;kidksa rFkk vè;kfidkvksa osQ cgqeYw ; ,oa lkFkZd lq>koksa dk ge lnSo
Lokxr djsxa As

x
 ikBkuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q iii
Hkwfedk vii
eXye~ xii
izFke% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 1
f}rh;% ikB% fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk 6
r`rh;% ikB% HkxonTtqde~ 13
prqFkZ% ikB% lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~ 23
i×pe% ikB% /esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ 29
"k"B% ikB% izes yL; izes Y;k'p dFkk 37
lIre% ikB% tyokfguh 43
v"Ve% ikB% lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk% 50
uoe% ikB% lIrHkfxU;% 59
n'ke% ikB% v'kksdofudk 68
,dkn'k% ikB% lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys 74
}kn'k% ikB% d% j{kfr d% jf{kr% 80
=k;ksn'k% ikB% fgeky;% 88
prqn'Z k% ikB% vk;ZHkV% 94
i×pn'k% ikB% izgfs ydk% 102
ifjf'k"Ve~ lfU/%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p 107
xi
 eÄõye~
;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnfS r nSoa
rnq lqIrL; rFkSofS rA
nwjxa ea T;ksfr"kka T;ksfrjsoQa
rUes eu% f'kolÄïYieLrq AA1AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-1)
lq"kkjfFkj'okfuo ;Ueuq";k&
Uusuh;rs¿Hkh'kqfHkokZftu boA
âRizfr"Ba ;nftja tfo"Ba
rUes eu% f'kolÄYï ieLrqq AA2AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-6)

:ikUrje~
tks jgrk gS tkxzr vkSj nwj nwj rd tkrk gS]
lks;k jg dj Hkh ,sls gh tk dj okil vkrk gSA
nwj nwj og tkus okyk lc rstksa dk T;ksfrfu/ku
lnk lefUor 'kqHklÄïYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA1AA
tks tu tu dks ckxMksj ls b/j m/j ys tkrk gS]
prqj lkjFkh T;ksa ?kksM+ksa dks bfPNr pky pykrk gSA
lnk izfrf"Br ân;ns'k esa vtj vkSj vfr'k; xfreku~
lnk lefUor 'kqHklÄïYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA2AA
 izFke% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu
¹^lqHkkf"kr* 'kCn ^lq $ Hkkf"kr* bu nks 'kCnksa osQ esy ls lEi gksrk gSA lq dk vFkZ
lqUnj] e/qj rFkk Hkkf"kr dk vFkZ opu gSA bl rjg lqHkkf"kr dk vFkZ lqUnj@eèkqj
opu gSA izLrqr ikB esa lwfDre×tjh] uhfr'krde~] euqLe`fr%] f'k'kqikyoèke~] i×prU=ke~
ls jkspd vkSj fopkjksÙkstd 'yksdksa dks laxg` hr fd;k x;k gSAº

xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr

rs fuxq.Z ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
lqLoknqrks;k% izHkofUr u|%
leqnzeklk| HkoUR;is;k% AA1AA
lkfgR;lÄhõ rdykfoghu%
lk{kkRi'kq%iqPNfo"kk.kghu%A
r`.ka u [kknÂfi thoeku%
rn~Hkkx/s;a ijea i'kwuke~ AA2AA
yqC/L; u';fr ;'k% fi'kquL; eS=kh
u"VfØ;L; oqQyeFkZijL; /eZ%A
fo|kiQya O;lfuu% Ñi.kL; lkS[;a
jkT;a izeÙklfpoL; ujkf/iL; AA3AA

lqHkkf"krkfu
1
 ihRok jla rq dVqoQa e/qja lekua
ek/q;Zeso tu;sUe/qef{kdklkSA
lUrLrFkSo lelTtunqtZukuka
JqRok op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUr AA4AA
egrka izÑfr% lSo of/Zrkuka ijSjfiA
u tgkfr futa Hkkoa la[;klq ykÑfr;ZFkk AA5AA
fL=k;ka jkspekuk;ka lo± rn~ jksprs oqQye~A
rL;ka Rojkspekuk;ka loZeso u jksprs AA6AA

'kCnkFkkZ%

xq.kKs"kq & xqf.k;ksa esa

lqLoknqrks;k% & Lokfn"V ty
izHkofUr & fudyrh gSa@mRiUu gksrh gSa
leqnzeklk| (leqnze~$vklk|) & leqnz esa feydj@igq¡pdj
HkoUR;is;k% (HkofUr$vis;k%) & ihus ;ksX; ugha gksrh
fo"kk.kghu% & lhax osQ fcuk
[kknUufi ([kknu~$vfi) & [kkrs gq, Hkh
thoeku% & ftUnk jgrk gqvk
fi'kquL; & pqxy[kksj@pqxyh djus okys dh
O;lfuu% & cqjh yr okyksa dh
ujkf/iL; (uj$vf/iL;) & jktk dk@osQ@dh

#fpjk
2 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 tu;sUe/qef{kdklkS & ;g e/qeD[kh iSnk djrh@
(tu;sr~$e/qef{kdk$vlkS) fuekZ.k djrh gS
lUrLrFkSo (lUr%$rFkk$,o) & oSls gh lTtu
l`tfUr & fuekZ.k djrs gSa
izÑfr% & LoHkko@vknr
of/Zrkuke~ & c<+k;s x,@iz'kaflr
ijSjfi (ijS%$vfi) & nwljksa ls Hkh@ijk;ksa ls Hkh
tgkfr & NksM+rk gS
ykÑfr;ZFkk (y`$vkÑfr%$;Fkk) & tSls ukS dk vkdkj@LoHkko
jkspekuk;ke~ & vPNh yxus ij

vH;kl%
vH;kl%

1- ikBs nÙkkuka i|kuka lLojokpua oqQ#rA

2- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) leqnez klk| ------------------------------ A
([k) -------------------- op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(x) rn~Hkkx/s;a -------------------------------- i'kwuke~A
(?k) fo|kiQya -------------------- Ñi.kL; lkS[;e~A
(Ä) fL=k;ka ----------------- lo± rn~ ----------------- oqQye~A

3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) O;lfuu% ¯d u';fr\
([k) dL;ka jkspekuk;ka lo± oqQya jksprs\

lqHkkf"krkfu
3
 (x) dL; ;'k% u';fr\
(?k) e/qef{kdk foaQ tu;fr\
(Ä) e/qjlwDrjla osQ l`tfUr\
4- v/ksfyf[kr&rn~Hko&'kCnkuka Ñrs ikBkr~ fpRok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& oaQtwl Ñi.k%
dM+ok --------------------
iwN
¡ --------------------
yksHkh --------------------
e/qeD[kh --------------------
frudk --------------------

5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZ̀ina fØ;kina p fpRok fy[kr&

okD;kfu
;Fkk&lUr% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(d) fuxZ.q ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
([k) xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
(x) e/qef{kdk ek/q;± tu;srA~
(?k) fi'kquL; eS=kh ;'k% uk'k;frA
(Ä) u|% leqnez klk| vis;k% HkofUrA
dÙkkZ fØ;k
lUr% l`tfUr
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------

6- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
([k) u|% lqLoknqrks;k% HkofUrA
(x) yqC/L; ;'k% u';frA
(?k) e/qef{kdk ek/q;eZ os tu;frA
(Ä) egrka izÑfr% lqfLFkjk HkofrA
#fpjk
4 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu i`Fko~Q oqQq #r&
;Fkk&leqnzeklk| μ leqnez ~ $ vklk|
ek/q;eZ os μ --------------- $ ---------------
vYieso μ --------------- $ ---------------
loZeos μ --------------- $ ---------------
lekuefi μ --------------- $ ---------------
egkReukeqfDr% μ --------------- $ ---------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa egkiq#"kksa dh izÑfr] xqf.k;ksa dh iz'kalk] lTtuksa dh ok.kh]
lkfgR;&laxhr&dyk dh egÙkk] pqxy[kksjksa dh nksLrh ls gksus okyh gkfu] fL=k;ksa osQ
izlUu jgus esa lcdh [kq'kgkyh dks vkyÄïkfjd Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
ikB osQ 'yksdksa osQ leku vU; lqHkkf"krksa dks Hkh Lej.k j[ksa rFkk thou esa
mudh mikns;rk@laxfr ij fopkj djsAa
(d) ;s"kka u fo|k u riks u nkue~
Kkua u 'khya u xq.kks u /eZ%A
rs eR;ZyksoQs Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk%
euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
([k) xq.kk% iwtkLFkkua xqf.k"kq u p fyÄõa u p o;%A
(x) izkjH; pksÙketuk% u ifjR;tfUrA
(?k) nqtuZ % ifjgrZO;ks fo|;k¿yÄ` ïrks¿fi lu~A
(Ä) u izk.kkUrs izÑfrfoÑfrtkZ;rs pksÙkekuke~A
(p) mn;s lfork jDrks jDr'pkLrÄrõ s rFkkA
lEiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irkAA
mi;ZDq r lqHkkf"krksa osQ va'kksa dks i<+dj Lo;a le>us dk iz;Ru djsa rFkk laLÑr
,oa vU; Hkkjrh;&Hkk"kkvksa osQ lqHkkf"krksa dk laxgz djsAa
^xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr*μbl iafDr esa folxZ lfU/ osQ fu;e esa ^xq.kk%* osQ folxZ
dk nksuksa ckj yksi gqvk gSA lfU/ osQ fcuk iafDr ^xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUr* gksxhA

lqHkkf"krkfu
5
 f}rh;% ikB%

fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk

¹izLrqr ikB laLÑr osQ izfl¼ dFkkxzUFk ^i×prU=ke~* osQ r`rh; rU=k ^dkdksyd
w h;e~*
ls ladfyr gSA i×prU=k osQ ewy ys[kd fo".kq'kekZ gSAa blesa ik¡p [k.M gSa ftUgsa
^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA buesa x|&i| :i esa dFkk,¡ nh x;h gSa ftuosQ ik=k eq[;r%
i'kq&i{kh gSAa º
vO;;iz;ksx%

d¯Lef'pr~ ous [kju[kj% uke ¯lg% izfrolfr LeA l% dnkfpr~ brLrr% ifjHkzeu~
{kq/krZ% u fdf×pnfi vkgkja izkIroku~A rr%
lw;kZLrle;s ,dka egrha xqgka n`"V~ok l%
vfpUr;r~&¶uwue~ ,rL;ka xqgk;ka jk=kkS dks¿fi
tho% vkxPNfrA vr% v=kSo fuxw<ks HkwRok
fr"Bkfe¸ bfrA
,rfLeu~ vUrjs xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN%
uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A l p ;kor~ i';fr
rkor~ ¯lgini¼fr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rs] u
p cfgjkxrkA 'k` x ky% vfpUr;r~ & ¶vgks
fou"Vks¿fLeA uwue~ vfLeu~ fcys ¯lg% vLrhfr
roZQ;kfeA rr~ ¯d djokf.k\¸ ,oa fofpUR;
#fpjk
6 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
nwjLFk% joa drqeZ kjC/%&¶Hkks fcy! Hkks fcy! ¯d u
Lejfl] ;Ue;k Ro;k lg le;% Ñrks¿fLr ;r~ ;nkga
ckár% izR;kxfe";kfe rnk Roa eke~ vkdkjf;";fl\
;fn Roa eka u vkà;fl rfgZ vga f}rh;a fcya ;kL;kfe
bfrA¸
vFk ,rPNRqz ok ¯lg% vfpUr;r~&¶uwues"kk xqgk
Lokfeu% lnk lekàkua djksfrA ijUrq en~Hk;kr~ u
fdf×pr~ onfrA¸
vFkok lkfèone~ mP;rs&
Hk;lU=kLreulka gLriknkfndk% fØ;k%A
izorZUrs u ok.kh p osiFkq'pkf/dks HkosrA~ A
rnge~ vL; vkàkua djksfeA ,oa
l% fcys izfo'; es HkksT;a Hkfo";frA
bRFka fopk;Z ¯lg% lglk 'k` x kyL;
vkàkuedjks r ~ A ¯lgL; mPpxtZ u &
iz f rèofuuk lk xq g k mPpS % 'k` x kye~
vkà;r~A vusu vU;s¿fi i'ko% Hk;Hkhrk%
vHkou~A 'k`xkyks¿fi rr% nwja iyk;eku%
beeiBr~&
vukxra ;% oqQ#rs l 'kksHkrs
l 'kksP;rs ;ks u djksR;ukxre~A
ous¿=k laLFkL; lekxrk tjk
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es JqrkAA

fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 7
Jqrk
 'kCnkFkkZ%

dfLe¯'pr~ (dfLeu~$fpr~) & fdlh (ou esa)

{kq/krZ% ({kq/k$vkrZ%) & Hkw[k ls O;koqQy
vUrjs & chp esa
fuxw<ks HkwRok & fNidj
¯lgini¼fr% & 'ksj osQ iSjksa osQ fpÉ
jo% & 'kCn@vkokt
;kor~&rkor~ & tcrd] rcrd
le;% & 'krZ
ckár% & ckgj ls
;fn&rfgZ & vxj] rks
rPNzRq ok (rr~$JqRok) & og lqudj
Hk;lU=kLreulke~ & Mjs gq, eu okyksa dk
gLriknkfndk% & gkFk&iSj vkfn ls lEcfU/r
(gLrikn$vkfndk%)
osiFkq% & dEiu
HkksT;e~ & Hkkstu ;ksX; (inkFkZ)
lglk & ,dk,d
vukxre~ & vkus okys (nq%[k) dks
'kksP;rs & fpUruh; gksrk gS
laLFkL; & jgrs gq, dk@osQ@dh
tjk & cq<+kik
oqQ#rs@djksfr & (fujkdj.k) djrk gS
fcyL; & fcy dk (xqiQk dk)

#fpjk
8 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vH;kl%

1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
dfLeaf'pr~ fofpUR; lkfèone~
{kq/krZ% ,rPNRzq ok Hk;lU=kLreulke~
¯lgini¼fr% lekàkue~ izfrèofu%

2- ,dinsu mÙkja fy[kr&

(d) ¯lgL; uke fde~\
([k) xqgk;k% Lokeh d% vklhr~\
(x) ¯lg% dfLeu~ le;s xqgk;k% lehis vkxr%\
(?k) gLriknkfndk% fØ;k% osQ"kka u izorZUrs\
(Ä) xqgk osQu izfrèofurk\

3- e×tw"kkr% vO;;ina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&

lnk cfg% nwja rkor~ rfgZ rnk

(d) ;nk n'koknua Hkofr ------------------ Nk=kk% fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ka ------------------ mnsfrA
(x) 'k`xky% xqgk;k% ------------------ vklhr~A
(?k) l p ;kor~ i';fr] ------------------ ¯lgini¼fr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rsA
(Ä) 'k`xkyks¿fi rr% ------------------ iyk;eku% viBr~A
(p) ;fn liQyrke~ bPNfl ------------------ vkyL;a R;tA

fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 9
Jqrk
4- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjr&
(d) [kju[kj% oqQ=k izfrolfr Le\
([k) egrha xqgka n`"V~ok ¯lg% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(x) 'k`xky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) 'k`xky% oqQ=k iykf;r%\
(Ä) ¯d fopk;Z ¯lg% 'k`xkyL; vkàkuedjksr\~
(p) vL;ka dFkk;ka dL; pkrq;± fu:fira ¯lgL; 'k`xkyL; ok\

5- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

lglk nwjs Øe'k% ;nk rnk ijUrq ;fn rfgZ

,dfLeu~ ous d'Pku O;k/% tkya foLrh;Z ------------------ fLFkr%A ------------------

vkdk'ks lifjokj% diks rjkt% fp=kxzho% fuxZr %A
------------------ r.Mqyd.kkukeqifj diksrkuka yksHkks tkr%A
-------------------------- jktk r=k lger% uklhr~A rL; ;qfDr%

vklhr~ ------------------ futZus ous dks¿fi euq";ks ukfLr

----------------------- oqQrks ok r.Mqyd.kkuka lEHko%\
------------------ jkK% mins'keLohÑR; rs uhpS% vkxrk]
------------------ tkys fuifrrk%A vr% mDre~ ^--------------

fonèkhr u fØ;ke~*A

#fpjk
10 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr&
(d) xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN% uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A
([k) ¯lg% ,dka egrha xqgke~ vi';r~A
(x) ifjHkzeu~ ¯lg% {kq/krksZ tkr%A
(?k) nwjLFk% 'k`xky% joa dÙkqeZ kjC/%A
(Ä) ¯lg% 'k`xkyL; vkàkuedjksrA~
(p) nwja iyk;eku% 'k`xky% 'yksdeiBr~A
(N) xqgk;ka dks¿fi vfLr bfr 'k`xkyL; fopkj%A

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

xzUFk&ifjp; & fo".kq'kekZ us jktk vej'kfDr osQ ew[kZ iq=kksa dks oqQ'ky jktuhfrK cukus
osQ mís'; ls dFkkvksa osQ ladyu osQ :i esa i×prU=k dh jpuk dh FkhA blesa fe=kHksn]
fe=klEizkfIr] dkdksydw h;] yC/iz.kk'k rFkk vijhf{kr&dkjd_ bu ik¡p [k.Mksa esa oqQy
70 dFkk,¡ rFkk 900 'yksd gSAa 'yksdksa esa izk;% roZQiw.kZ uhfr'yksd iz;Dq r gSAa i×prU=k
dk vuqokn prqFkZ 'krkCnh osQ vklikl bZjku dh igyoh Hkk"kk esa gqvk FkkA blh osQ
vk/kj ij fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa blosQ vusd vuqokn gq,A
^dkdksydw h;e~* i×prU=k dk r`rh; rU=k gSA bldk uke dkd vkSj mywd dh
eq[; dFkk osQ dkj.k iM+k gSA
O;kdj.ke~
vO;; & laLÑr esa nks izdkj osQ 'kCn gS&a fodkjh rFkk vfodkjhA fodkjh 'kCn
ifjorZu'khy gSAa laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj fØ;k 'kCn fodkjh gSAa tSl&s ckyd%] l%]
'kqDy%] xPNfrA vfodkjh 'kCn vO;; dgykrs gSAa buosQ :i dHkh ugha cnyrsA
tSl&s v=k] v/quk] vfiA

fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 11
Jqrk
 vO;;ksa osQ Hkh :< vkSj ;kSfxd nks :i feyrs gSAa :< vO;;ksa osQ [k.M ugha
gksrs tSl&s p] vfi] ok] rq] [kyq] u bR;kfnA ;kSfxd vO;;ksa osQ [k.M gksrs gSa ;s Ñr~]
rf¼r ;k lekl osQ :i esa gksrs gSAa Ñr~ ls cus vO;; gS&a xRok] xUrqe~ bR;kfnA rf¼r
ls cus vO;; gS&a loZFkk] ,dnk] r=k] bRFke~] dFke~ bR;kfnA lekl osQ :i esa vO;;
gS&a izfrfnue~] ;Fkk'kfDr bR;kfnA
izLrqr ikB esa dnkfpr~] brLrr% (br% $ rr%)] u] n`"V~ok] uwue~] vfi] rfgZ]
v=k] ,o (v=kSo)] HkwRok] bfr] p] cfg%] vgks] ,oe~] fofpUR;] lg] rnk] ;fn] vFk]
JqRok] lnk] ijUrq (ije~ $ rq)] izfo';] lglk] dnkfi (dnk $ vfi) ;s vO;; gSAa
budh mi;ZDq r dksfV;ksa esa igpku dh tk ldrh gSA

#fpjk
12 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 r`rh;% ikB%

HkxonTtqde~
¹HkxonTtqde~ laLÑr dk ,d izfl¼ izglu gSA blosQ jpf;rk cks/k;u dgs x;s gSAa
blesa olUrlsuk uked xf.kdk viuh lsfodk ijHk`frdk osQ lkFk m|ku esa fogkj osQ
fy, vkrh gSA mldk izes h jkfeyd mlls feyus ogk¡ vkrk gSA blh chp ;e osQ }kjk
Hkstk x;k nwr ftls olUrlsuk uke dh fdlh vU; L=kh osQ izk.k ys tkuk gS] liZ
cudj xyrh ls bl olUrlsuk dks Ml ysrk gS vkSj mldk tho ysdj ;eyksd pyk
tkrk gSA
blh m|ku esa ,d ifjozktd (laU;klh) vius f'k"; osQ lkFk vk;s gq, gSAa
olUrlsuk dks e`r ns[kdj f'k"; 'kkf.MY; nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA rc ifjozktd ;ksx ls
viuk tho xf.kdk dh dk;k esa izo's k djk nsrs gSAa xf.kdk thfor gks tkrh gSA mèkj
xyr tho ykus ij ;ejkt ;eiq#"k dks Mk¡V&MiVdj okil Hkstrs gSAa m|ku esa
okil vkdj ;eiq#"k ns[krk gS fd ftl xf.kdk osQ izk.k og ys x;k Fkk og laU;klh
dh rjg lcdks mins'k ns jgh gSA rc ;eiq#"k laU;klh osQ [ksy dks vkxs c<+kus osQ
fy, xf.kdk dk tho laU;klh osQ nsg esa Mky nsrk gSA xf.kdk laU;klh dh rjg
cksyrh gS] laU;klh xf.kdk dh rjg& bl myV isQj ls bl ukVd esa ,d folaxr
gkL;iw.kZ ,oa jkspd fLFkfr cu tkrh gSAº
udkjkUriqf¡ YyÄ%õ

(rr% izfo'kfUr ,dr% ifjozktdL; thosu vkfo"Vk olUrlsuk] psVh] jkfeyd'p_

ifjozktdL; futhZonsgus lg f'k";% 'kkf.MY;% vijr% vU;;k psV~;k lg oS|%)
oS|% & oqQ=k lk\
psVh & ,"kk [kyq vTtqdk u rkor~ lÙofLFkrkA

HkxonTtqde~ 13
12
oS|% & vjs b;a lis.Z k n"VkA
psVh & dFkek;ksZ tkukfr\
oS|% & egkUra fodkja djksrhfrA
fo"krU=ke~ vkjHks A
oq Q .My&oq Q fVyxkfefu!
e.Mya iz f o'k iz f o'kA
oklqfdiq=k! fr"B fr"BA
Jw JwA vga rs fljkosèka
dfj";kfeA oqQ=k oqQBkfjdkA
xf.kdk & ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA
oS|% & fiÙkeI;fLrA vga rs fiÙka okra
diaQ p uk'k;kfeA
jkfeyd% & Hkks%! fØ;rka ;Ru%A u
[kYoÑrKk o;e~A
oS|% & xqfydk% vku;kfeA
(fu"ØkUr%)
(rr% izfo'kfr ;eiq#"k%)
;eiq#"k% & Hkks%! HkfRlZrks¿ga ;esuA
u lk olUrlsus;a f{kiza r=kSo uh;rke~A
vU;k olUrlsuk ;k {kh.kk;qLrkfegk¿u;AA
;konL;k''kjhjefXula;ksxa u Lohdjksfr rkoRlizk.kkesuka djksfeA
(foyksD;) v;s! mfRFkrk [kfYo;e~A Hkks! fdUuq [kfYone~A
vL;k thoks ee djs mfRFkrS"kk ojkÄõukA
vk'p;± ijea yksoQs Hkqfo iwo± u n`';rsAA
(loZrks¿oyksD;)
#fpjk
14 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 v;s! v;e=kHkoku~ ;ksxh ifjozktd% ØhMfrA fdfenkuha dfj";sA Hkorq]
n`"Ve~A vL;k xf.kdk;k vkRekua ifjozktd'kjhjs U;L; voflrs deZf.k
;FkkLFkkua fofu;kst;kfeA
(rFkk ÑRok fu"ØkUr%)
ifjozktd%& (mRFkk; xf.kdk;k% Lojs.k) ijHk`frosQ! ijHk`frosQ!
'kkf.MY;% & vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A
ifjozktd%& oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A
jkfeyd% & HkxoUu;efLeA
'kkf.MY;% & Hkxou~ fdfene~\ #nzk{kxzg.kksfpr% okegLr% 'kÄ~[koy;iwfjr bo
es izfrHkkfrA uSo uSoA
ifjozktd%& jkfeyd! vkfyÄõ eke~A
(rr% izfo'kfr oS|%)

HkxonTtqde~ 15
14
oS|% & xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A mnde~ mnde~A
psVh & bne~ mnde~A
oS|% & xqfydk% vo?k^;kfeA

xf.kdk & (laU;kflu% Lojs.k) ew[kZ oS|! tkukfl dresu lis.Z k b;a L=kh
n"Vk\
oS|% & vjs] b;a izrs us vkfo"VkA
xf.kdk & 'kkL=ka tkukfl\
oS|% & vFk fde~\
xf.kdk & czfw g oS|'kkL=ke~A
oS|% & 'k`.kksrq HkorhA
okfrdk% iSfÙkdk'pSo 'ySf"edk'p egkfo"kk%A
=khf.k likZ HkoUR;s r s prq F kks Z ukf/xE;rs A A
#fpjk
16 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
xf.kdk & v;ei'kCn%A =k;% likZ bfr oDrO;e~A ^=khf.k* uiql a oaQ HkofrA
oS|% & vjs] vjs! b;a oS;kdj.klis.Z k [kkfnrk HkosrA~
xf.kdk & fd;Urks fo"kosxk%\
oS|% & fo"kosxk% 'kre~A
xf.kdk & u u] lIr rs fo"kosxk%A r|FkkA
jksek×pks eq[k'kks"k'p oSo.;± pSo osiFkq%A
fgDdk oÜ kl'p laeksg% lIrSrk fo"kfofØ;k%AA
oS|% & u [kYoLekoaQ fo"k;%A ueks HkxoR;SA xPNkfe rkonge~A
(fu"ØkUr%)
(izfo';)
;eiq#"k% & HkxoUeqP;rka xf.kdk;k% 'kjhje~A
xf.kdk & vLrqA
;eiq#"k% & ;Fkk vL;k% thofofue;a ÑRok ;kongefi Lodk;Zeuqfr"BkfeA
(rFkk ÑRok fu"ØkUr%)
ifjozktd%& f'koeLrq loZtxrka ijfgrfujrk HkoUrq Hkwrx.kk%A
nks"kk% iz;kUrq uk'ka loZ=k lq[kh Hkorq yksd%AA

'kCnkFkkZ%

vTtqdk & lEekU; efgyk@xf.kdk osQ

fy;s laKk vkSj lacks/u
,dr% & ,d vksj
ifjozktdL; & laU;klh dk
thosu & izk.k osQ lkFk
vkfo"Vk & izfo"V gqbZ
vijr% & nwljh vksj

HkxonTtqde~ 17
16
 psVh & nklh] ukSdjkuh
lÙofLFkrk & izk.k esa fLFkr
n"Vk & Ml yh x;h
fo"krU=ke~ & >kM+&iw¡Qd dks@fo"k Hkxkus dh fo|k dks
vkjHks & vkjEHk djrk gw¡@'kq: djrk gw¡
oqQ.MyoqQfVyxkfefu! & gs oqQ.My osQ leku Vs<+h pky okyh
e.Mye~ & vks>kvksa osQ }kjk lk¡i idM+us osQ fy;s
i`Fohry ij cuk;h tkus okyh o`Ùkkdkj
vkÑfr
fljkos/e~ & ukM+h dkVuk
oqQBkfjdk & NksVh oqQYgkM+h
fiÙke~] okre~ & fiÙk ,oa okr (ok;q) ls mRiUu gksus
okys jksx
fØ;rke~ & djsa
;Ru% & Je] ifjJe] esgur
vÑrKk & Ñr?u
xqfydk% & nokbZ dh xksfy;k¡
fu"ØkUr% & fudy x;k
HkfRlZr% & Mk¡Vk x;k
f{kize~ & 'kh?kz
uh;rke~ & ys tk;sa
{kh.kk;q% ({kh.k$vk;q%) & ftldh vk;q lekIr gks x;h gS
bg & ;gk¡
vfXula;ksxe~ & vkx ls la;ksx
lizk.kke~ & izk.k lfgr dks
#fpjk
18 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 mfRFkrk & mB x;h
ojkÄuõ k (oj$vÄuõ k) & Js"B ukjh
Hkqfo & i`Foh ij
U;L; & j[kdj
voflrs & lekIr gksus ij
izR;kxrizk.k% & ftldk izk.k ykSV vk;k gS
'kÄ~[koy;iwfjr & 'kÄ~[k fufeZr dM+k ls ;qDr
vo?k^;kfe & ?kksaVrk gw¡@ihlrk gw¡
dresu & fdl
fd;Ur% & fdrus
eq[k'kks"k% & eq¡g dk lw[kuk
oSo.;Ze~ & psgjs dk jax mM+uk
osiFkq% & dk¡iuk@d¡id¡ih
fgDdk & fgpdh
laeksg% & csgks'kh] ewPNkZ
fo"kosxk% & fo"k osQ izHkko
fo"kfofØ;k% & fo"k osQ fodkj
eqP;rke~ & NksM+ nsa
mixE; & ikl tkdj
thofofue;e~ & izk.k dh vnyk&cnyh
Hkwrx.kk% & izkf.kx.k
iz;kUrq & tk;sa

HkxonTtqde~ 19
18
 vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) xf.kdk;k% uke fde~\
([k) ifjozktdL; f'k";% d% vklhr~\
(x) ;enwr% xf.kdk;k% thoa dL; 'kjhjs fun/kfr\
(?k) ijfgrfujrk osQ HkoUrq\

2- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
;Fkk & r=kSo r=k $ ,o
HkxoUu;e~ ---------------- $ ----------------
'okl'p ---------------- $ ----------------
[kYoÑrKk% ---------------- $ ----------------
lIrSrk% ---------------- $ ----------------
djksrhfr ---------------- $ ----------------

3- mnkgj.kkuqlkja vO;;inkfu fpuqr&

;Fkk & jk/k vfi u`R;frA vfi
(d) Roa dnk x`ga xfe";flA ----------------
([k) v/quk d% le;%A ----------------
(x) egkRekxkU/h lnk lR;a onfr LeA ----------------
(?k) vga oÜ % fo|ky;a xfe";kfeA ----------------
(Ä) bnkuha Roa 'yksoQa iBA ----------------

#fpjk
20 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;kfr\
d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr
(d) ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA ---------------- ----------------
([k) oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A ---------------- ----------------
(x) fo"kosxk% 'kre~A ---------------- ----------------
(?k) xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A ---------------- ----------------
(Ä) bne~ mnde~A ---------------- ----------------
(p) vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A ---------------- ----------------

5- foijhrkFkZdk% 'kCnk% ys[kuh;k%&

xq.kk% ----------------

Lohdkj% ----------------

nf{k.kgLr% ----------------

vuU;k ----------------

ÑrK% ----------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

xqfydk% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oqQBkfjdk & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
f{kize~ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;Ru% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
yksosQ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

HkxonTtqde~ 21
20
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
ewy'kCnk% opue~ inkfu
;Fkk& f'kfYiu~ izFkek&,dopus f'kYih
/fuu~ f}rh;k&,dopus ---------------------
Kkfuu~ r`rh;k&,dpus ---------------------
egÙokdkaf{ku~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
cgqHkkf"ku~ r`rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
nf.Mu~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%
liZ% & Hkqtx%] O;ky%] fo"k/j% pØh] vfg%] iouk'ku%] HkksxhA
yksd% & lalkj%] txr~] Hkqoue~] fo'oe~A
'kjhje~ & nsg%] ruq%] xk=ke~] oiq%] dk;%] foxzg%A
Hkw% & /jk] i`Foh] /j.kh] vpyk] vuUrk] /fj=kh] olq/k] olqU/jk] olqerhA
f{kize~ & nzrq e~] 'kh?kze]~ Rofjre~] lRoje~] piye~] rw.kZe]~ vfoyfEcre~A
* izglu :id dk Hksn gS tks gkL;jl iz/ku gksrk gSA HkxonTtqde~ laLÑr ukV~;
lkfgR; dk izfl¼ izglu gSA ;g gekjs ns'k esa rFkk fons'kksa esa Hkh ewy laLÑr
rFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks dj fo'o osQ Js"B ukV~;funs'Z kdksa osQ funs'Z ku
esa eap ij vusd ckj [ksyk x;k gSA
bl izglu dk vfHku; osQjy osQ eafnjksa esa izkphu dky ls gh ikjaifjd :i ls
gksrk jgk gSA bldh nk'kZfud o vkè;kfRed O;k[;k Hkh dh tkrh jgh gSA
* jkf"Vª; ukV~; fo|ky; (,u~-,l~-Mh)] fnYyh osQ ikB~;Øe esa ;g LohÑr gSA
* nwjn'kZu /kjkokfgd osQ :i esa (lkr dfM+;ksa es)a Hkh bldk izlkj.k gks pqdk gSA

#fpjk
22 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 prqFkZ% ikB%

lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~

¹Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd Z j osQ }kjk fojfpr izLrqr xhr esa pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djrs gq,
vkxs c<+us dk vkàku fd;k x;k gSA blosQ iz.ksrk jk"Vªoknh dfo gSa vkSj bl xhr osQ
}kjk mUgksua s tkxj.k rFkk deZBrk dk lUns'k fn;k gSAº

yksV&~ fof/fyÄ~&iz;ksx%

py py iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~A

lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~AA
fxfjf'k[kjs uuq futfuosQrue~A
fouSo ;kua uxkjksg.ke~AA
cya Lodh;a Hkofr lk/ue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
ifFk ik"kk.kk fo"kek% iz[kjk%A
¯gÏk% i'ko% ifjrks ?kksjk%AA
lqn"q dja [kyq ;|fi xeue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
tghfg Hkh¯r Hkt Hkt 'kfDre~A
fo/sfg jk"Vªs rFkk¿uqjfDre~AA
lnSo iqjrks oqQ# oqQ# lrra è;s;&Lej.ke~A
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 23
22
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
 'kCnkFkkZ%

iqjrks (iqjr%) & vkxs

fu/sfg & j[kks
fxfjf'k[kjs & ioZr dh pksVh ij
futfudsrue~ & viuk fuokl
fouSo (fouk$,o) & fcuk gh
uxkjksg.ke~ (ux$vkjksg.ke~) & ioZr ij p<+uk
Lodh;e~ & viuk
ifFk & ekxZ esa
ik"kk.kk% & iRFkj
fo"kek% & vlkekU;
iz[kjk% & rh{.k] uqdhys
¯glzk% & ¯gld
ifjrks (ifjr%) & pkjksa vksj
?kksjk% & Hk;Äïj] Hk;kud
lqnq"dje~ & vR;Ur dfBurkiwoZd lkè;
tghfg & NksM+ks@NksM+ nks
Hkt & Hktks] tiks
fo/sfg & djks
vuqjfDre~ & izse] Lusg
lrre~ & yxkrkj
è;s;Lej.ke~ & mís'; (y{;) dk Lej.k

#fpjk
24 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vH;kl%

1- ikBs nÙka xhra lLoja xk;rA

2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) Lodh;a lk/ua ¯d Hkofr\
([k) ifFk osQ fo"kek% iz[kjk%\
(x) lrra ¯d dj.kh;e~\
(?k) ,rL; xhrL; jpf;rk d%\
(Ä) l% dhn`'k% dfo% eU;rs\

3 e×tw"kkr% fozQ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fu/sfg fo/sfg tghfg nsfg Hkt py oqQ#

;Fkk&Roa iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA

(d) Roa fo|ky;a -----------------A
([k) jk"Vsª vuqjfDra -----------------A
(x) eg~;a tya -----------------A
(?k) ew<! ----------------- /ukxer`".kke~A
(Ä) ----------------- xksfoUne~A
(p) lrra è;s;Lej.ka ----------------- A

lnSo iqjrks
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 25
24
4- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,o [kyq rFkk ifjr% iqjr% lnk fouk

(d) fo|ky;L; ----------------- ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA

([k) lR;e~ ----------------- t;rsA

(x) ¯d Hkoku~ Lukua Ñroku~ ----------------- \

(?k) l% ;Fkk fpUr;fr ----------------- vkpjfrA

(Ä) xzkea ----------------- o`{kk% lfUrA

(p) fo|ka ----------------- thoua o`FkkA

(N) ----------------- HkxoUra HktA

5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&

iqjr% fojfDr%

Lodh;e~ vkxeue~

Hkhfr% i`"Br%

vuqjfDr% ijdh;e~

xeue~ lkgl%

#fpjk
26 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- yV~ydkjinsH;% yksV&~ fof/fyÄ~ydkjinkuka fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
yV~ydkjs yksV~ydkjs fof/fyÄ~ydkjs
;Fkk&iBfr iBrq iBsr~
[ksyfl --------------- ---------------
[kknfUr --------------- ---------------
fickfe --------------- ---------------
glr% --------------- ---------------
u;ke% --------------- ---------------

7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk & fxfjf'k[kj (lIreh&,dopus)
ifFku~ (lIreh&,dopus)
jk"Vª (prqFkhZ&,dopus)
ik"kk.k (lIreh&,dopus)
;ku (f}rh;k&cgqopus)
'kfDr (izFkek&,dopus)
i'kq (lIreh&cgqopus)
& fxfjf'k[kjs
& ------------------
& ------------------
& ------------------
& ------------------
& ------------------
& ------------------

8- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk&iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA vke~
(d) futfudsrua fxfjf'k[kjs vfLrA
([k) Lodh;a cya ck/oaQ HkofrA

lnSo iqjrks
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 27
26
 (x) ifFk ¯gÏk% i'ko% u lfUrA
(?k) xeua lqdje~ vfLrA
(Ä) lnSo vxzs ,o pyuh;e~A
9- okD;jpu;k vFkZHksna Li"VhoqQ#r&
ifjr% μ iqjr%
ux% μ ukx%
vkjksg.ke~ μ vojksg.ke~
fo"kek% μ lek%

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

u xPNfr bfr ux%A iru~ xPNrhfr iUux%A

mjlk xPNrhfr mjx%A olq /kj;rhfr olq/kA
[ks (vkdk'ks) xPNfr bfr [kx%A ljrhfr liZ%A
MkW- Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd Z j (1918&2005 bZ-) ukxiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr foHkkx
osQ vè;{k FksA mUgksua s laLÑr Hkk"kk esa dkO;] ukVd] xhr bR;kfn fo/kvksa dh vusd
jpuk,¡ dhaA rhu [k.Mksa esa laLÑr&okÄ~e;&dks'k dk Hkh mUgksua s lEiknu fd;kA mudh
jpukvksa esa ^f'kojkT;ksn;e~* egkdkO; ,oa ^foosdkuUnfot;e~* ukVd lqifz l¼ gSAa
izLrqr xhr esa iT>fVdk NUn dk iz;ksx gSA bl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa 16
ek=kk,¡ gksrh gSAa fgUnh esa bls pkSikbZ dgk tkrk gSA

#fpjk
28 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 i×pe% ikB%

/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~

¹^/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~* (/je esa /Ddk] iki esa iq.;) eè;izn's k osQ fM.Mksjh f”kys
esa ij/kuksa osQ chp izpfyr yksddFkk gSA ;g dFkk i×prU=k dh 'kSyh esa jfpr gSA
bl dFkk esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd ladV esa iM+us ij Hkh prqjkbZ ,oa izR;qRiUUkefrRo
ls mlls fudyk tk ldrk gSAº
½dkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ%
vklhr~ df'pr~ p×pyks uke O;k/%A if{ke`xknhuka xzg.ksu l% Loh;ka thfodka
fuokZ g ;fr LeAA ,dnk l% ous tkya foLrh;Z
x`ge~ vkxroku~A vU;fLeu~ fnols
izkr%dkys ;nk p×py% oua xroku~
rnk l% n`"Voku~ ;r~ rsu foLrkfjrs
tkys nkSH kkZ X ;kn~ ,d% O;k?kz %
c¼% vklhr~A lks¿fpUr;r~] ^O;k?kz%
eka [kkfn";fr vr,o iyk;ua
dj.kh;e~A* O;k?kz% U;osn;r~&^Hkks
ekuo! dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ;fn Roa
eka ekspf;";fl rfgZ vga ROkka u
gfu";kfeA* rnk l% O;k/% O;k?kza
tkykr~ cfg% fujlkj;r~A O;k?kz%
DykUr% vklhr~A lks¿onr~] ^Hkks
/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~ 29
 ekuo! fiiklq% vge~A u|k% tyekuh; ee fiiklka 'ke;A
O;k?kz% tya ihRok iqu% O;kèkeonr~] ^'kkUrk es fiiklkA
lkEizra cqHkqf{krks¿fLeA bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA*
p×py% mDroku~] ^vga RoRÑrs èkeZe~ vkpfjroku~A
Ro;k feF;k Hkf.kre~A Roa eka [kkfnrqe~ bPNfl\
O;k?kz% vonr~] ^vjs ew[kZ! /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a
Hkofr ,oA i`PN defiA*
p×py% unhtye~ vi` P Nr~ A
unhtye~ vonr~] ^,oeso Hkofr] tuk%
ef; Lukua oqQoZfUr] oL=kkf.k iz{kky;fUr
rFkk p ey&ew=kkfnoaQ fol`T; fuorZUrs]
vr% /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
p×py% o`{ke~ mixE; vi`PNr~A
o`{k% vonr~] ^ekuok% vLekoaQ Nk;k;ka
fojefUrA vLekoaQ iQykfu [kknfUr] iqu%
oqQBkjS% izâR; vLeH;a loZnk d"Va nnfrA
;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA /esZ /eua ikis
iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
lehis ,dk yksef'kdk cnjh&xqYekuka
i`"Bs fuyhuk ,rka okrk± 'k`.kksfr LeA lk lglk p×pyeqil`R;
dFk;fr&¶dk okrkZ\ eke~ vfi foKki;A¸ l% vonr~&¶vgg ekr`Lol%! voljs
Roa lekxrorhA e;k vL; O;k?kzL; izk.kk% jf{krk%] ije~ ,"k% ekeso [kkfnrqe~
bPNfrA¸ rnuUrja l% yksef'kdk;S fuf[kyka dFkka U;osn;r~A

#fpjk
30 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 yksef'kdk p×pye~ vdFk;r~&ck<e~] Roa tkya izlkj;A iqu% lk O;k?kze~
vonr~&osQu izdkjs.k Roe~ ,rfLeu~ tkys c¼% bfr vga izR;{ka nz"VqfePNkfeA
O;k?kz% rn~ o`ÙkkUra izn'kZf;rqa rfLeu~
tkys iz k fo'kr~ A yks e f'kdk iq u %
vdFk;r~&lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua
ÑRok n'kZ;A l% rFkSo lekpjr~A
vukjra owQnZuus l% JkUr% vHkor~A
tkys c¼% l% O;k?kz % DykUr%
lu~ fu%lgk;ks HkwRok r=k virr~
izk.kfHk{kkfeo p v;kprA yksef'kdk
O;k?kze~ vonr~ ^lR;a Ro;k Hkf.kre~*
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ rq Hkofr ,oA* tkys iqu% ra c¼a n`"V~ok l% O;k/% izlUuks
HkwRok x`ga izR;korZrA
'kCnkFkkZ%

/eue~ & /kSd

a uk] /Ddk] ozQw jrkiw.kZ dk;Z
O;k/% & f'kdkjh] cgsfy;k
Loh;ke~ & Lo;a dh
nkSHkkZX;kr~ & nqHkkZX; ls
c¼% & c¡/k gqvk
iyk;ue~ & iyk;u djuk] Hkkx tkuk
U;osn;r~ (fu$vosn;r~) & fuosnu fd;k
ekspf;";fl & eqDr djksx@s NqMk+ vksxs

/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 31
 fujlkj;r~ (fu%$vlkj;r~) & fudkyk
DykUr% & Fkdk gqvk
fiiklq% & I;klk
'ke; & 'kkUr djks@feVkvks
cqHkqf{kr% & Hkw[kk
Hkf.kre~ & dgk
iz{kky;fUr & /ksrs gSa
fol`T; & NksM+dj
fuorZUrs & pys tkrs gS@a ykSVrs gSa
mixE; & ikl tkdj
fojefUr & foJke djrs gSa
oqQBkjS% & oqQYgkfM+;ksa ls
izâR; & izgkj djosQ
Nsnue~ & dkVuk
yksef'kdk & ykseM+h
fuyhuk & Nqih gqbZ
mil`R; & lehi tkdj
ekr`Lol%! & gs ekSlh
lekxrorh & i/kjh@vkbZ
fuf[kyke~ & lEiw.kZ] iwjh
ck<e~ & Bhd gS] vPNk

#fpjk
32 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 izR;{ke~ & vius (le{k) lkeus
o`Ùª kkUre~ & iwjh dgkuh
izn'kZf;rqe~ & izn'kZu djus osQ fy,
izkfo'kr~ (iz$vfo'kr~) & izo's k fd;k
owQnZue~ & mNy&owQn
vukjre~ & yxkrkj
JkUr% & Fkdk gqvk
izR;korZr (izfr$vk$vorZr) & ykSV vk;k

vH;kl%

1- ,dinsu mRrja fy[kr&

(d) O;k/L; uke fde~ vklhr~\
([k) p×py% O;k?kza oqQ=k n`"Voku~\
(x) foLr`rs tkys d% c¼% vklhr~A
(?k) cnjh&xqYekuka i`"Bs dk fuyhuk vklhr~\
(Ä) vukjra owQnZuus d% JkUr% vHkor~\

2- laLÑrsu mÙkjr&
(d) p×pysu ous ¯d Ñre~\
([k) O;k?kzL; fiiklk dFka 'kkUrk vHkor~\
(x) tya ihRok O;k?kz% fde~ vonr~\
(?k) p×py% ^ekr`Lol%!* bfr dka lEcksf/roku~\
(Ä) tkys iqu% c¼a O;k?kza n`"V~ok O;k/% fde~ vdjksr\~

/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 33
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr&
d%@dk oaQ@dka
;Fkk & bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA O;k?kz% O;k/e~
(d) dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ------------ ------------
([k) tuk% ef; Lukua oqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
(x) vjs ew[kZ! /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a Hkofr ,oA ------------ ------------
(?k) ;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
(Ä) lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua ÑRok n'kZ;A ------------ ------------
4- lfU/a ÑRok fy[kr&
e`x $ vknhuke~ ¾ ----------------------------
rFkk $ ,o ¾ ----------------------------
oqQ=k $ vfi ¾ ----------------------------
cqHkqf{kr% $ vfLe ¾ ----------------------------
izfr $ vk $ vorZr ¾ ----------------------------

5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& ekr` (izFkek) ekrk ekrjkS ekrj%
Lol` (izFkek) ----------- ----------- -----------
ekr` (r`rh;k) ek=kk ekr`H;ke~ ekr`fHk%
Lol` (r`rh;k) ----------- ----------- -----------
Lol` (lIreh) Lolfj LoÏks% Lol`"kq
ekr` (lIreh) ----------- ----------- -----------

#fpjk
34 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 Lol` ("k"Bh) Lolq% LoÏks% Ï
Lol.kke~
ekr` ("k"Bh) ----------- ----------- -----------

6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&

n`"V~ok Lodh;S% Ñroku~ drZue~ o`¼%

lk^gkle~ rfgZ {kqn%z ekspf;rqe~ vdLekr~

,dfLeu~ ous ,d% ------------------- O;k?kz% vklhr~A l% ,dnk O;kèksu foLrkfjrs tkys

c¼% vHkor~A l% cgqi;z kla ------------------- fdUrq tkykr~ eqDr%

ukHkor~A ------------------- r=k ,d% ew"kd% lekxPNr~A c¼a O;k?kza

------------------- l% re~ vonr~&vgks! Hkoku~ tkys c¼%A vga

ROkka ------------------- bPNkfeA rPNRqz ok O;k?kz% --------------vonr~&vjs!

Roa ----------- tho% ee lgkÕ;a dfj";flA ;fn Roa eka ekspf;";fl

-------------------vga Roka u gfu";kfeA ew"kd% ------------------- y?kqnUrS%

rTtkyL; ------------------- ÑRok ra O;k?kza cfg% Ñroku~A

7- /kraq izR;;a p fy[kr&
inkfu ¾ /krq% izR;;%
;Fkk& xUrqe~ ¾ xe~ $ rqeuq ~
nz"Vqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------

/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 35
 dj.kh; ¾ -------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------
[kkfnrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------
ÑRok ¾ -------------- $ -------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

ij/ku vkSj mudh dykijEijk&ij/ku eq[;r% xkSMa jktkvksa dh oa'kkoyh vkSj

dFkk osQ xk;d FksA xkSMa jkT; osQ lekIr gksus ij ;s xk;d viuh xk;h tkus okyh
dFkkvksa ij fp=k cukus yxsA bl leqnk; dh dFkkvksa vkSj fp=kdyk osQ ckjs esa vkSj
vf/d tkuus osQ fy, iqLrd ^tux<+ dye* (oU;k izdk'ku] Hkksiky) ns[kh
tk ldrh gSA izLrqr dFkk osQ ladyu&drkZ fgUnh osQ lqifz l¼ ys[kd Jh mn;u
oktis;h gSAa
yksddFkkvksa esa thou dh jax&fcjaxh rLohj feyrh gSA fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd
yksddFkk,¡ fdlh ,d Hkk"kk ;k bykosQ rd lhfer ugha jgrhaA mUgsa dgus okys
txg&txg ?kwers gSa blfy, :i vkSj o.kZu esa gsjisQj osQ lkFk nwljh txgksa esa Hkh
fey tkrh gSAa {ks=k fo'ks"k dh laLÑfr dh >yd mudks vuwBk cukrh gSA LFkku vkSj
dky osQ vuqlkj yksddFkkvksa dh ubZ&ubZ O;k[;k,¡ gksrh jgrh gSAa bl Øe esa muesa
ifjorZu Hkh gksrk gSA

#fpjk
36 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 "k"B% ikB%

izseyL; izseY;k'p dFkk

¹izLrqr dgkuh f'k{kkfon~ fxtq HkkbZ (1885&1939) dh jpuk ^iseyk iseyh dh dgkuh*
dk vuqokn gSA xqtjkr osQ Hkkouxj osQ fo|ky; esa i<+krs gq, mUgksua s cky f'k{k.k osQ
{ks=k esa vusd iz;ksx fd,A yEck le; xqtj tkus osQ ckotwn muosQ fopkj izklfÄõd
gaAS bl dgkuh esa ,d efgyk ?kjsyw dkeksa dks iwjk djus dh viuh ikjEifjd Hkwfedk
dks oko~Q pkrq;Z ls cnyus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSAº
milxZ% izR;;Üp
,d% vklhr~ izes y% ,dk pklhr~ izes yhA dk"BPNsnus JkUr% izes y% lk;adkys
x`gekxPNr~] izseyha pkonr~& izsefy! v| [kyq Hk`'ka JkUrks¿fLeA eáa tye~
m".ka ÑRok nsfgA vga LukRok rfLeu~ tys pj.kkS LFkki;kfeA rsu ee JkfUr%
vixfe";frA
izes yh vonr~& rokuqjks/a dFkege~ vLohoqQ;kZe\~ i';] r=k g.Mh mifj LFkkfirkA
rke~ vorkj;A izes y% g.Mheokrkj;r~A rr% l vonr~& v/quk ¯d djksfe\ izes yh
vonr~& fudVs owQi% orZrAs r=k xRok tya Hk`Rok vku;A izes y% ?kVs tya lEiw;Z
vkxPNr~A iqu% izes yhe~ vi`PNr~& bnkuha fde~\
izes yh vonr~& v/quk pqY;ka dk"Bkfu izTToky;A izes y% dk"Bkfu izTTokY;
vi`PNr~& vxsz ¯d djokf.k\ izes yh vdFk;r~& ;kor~ pqYyh lE;o~Q u Toyfr]
rkor~ iwQRoqQ#] fdeU;r~\ izes ysu pqYyh lE;o~Q izTokfyrkA vFk p vi`PNr~& vèkquk
fde~ djokf.k\ izes yh vonr~& ?kVkr~ g.M~;ka tya iwj;A rr% g.Mha pqY;ke~ mifj
LFkki;A
izseyL;
izseY;k'p 37
36
dFkk
 izsey% g.Mha pqY;ke~ vLFkki;r~A fdf×pr~ dkykuUrja p iqu% izseyhe~
vi`PNr~& bnkuha ¯d djokf.k\ izseyh vonr~μ fdeU;r~] g.Mhe~ vorkj;A

g.Mheork;Z izes y% i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh onfr&v/quk g.Mha Lukux`gs LFkki;A

izes y% g.Mha Lukux`gs fu/k; i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh fujfn'kr~&lEizfr Lukua oqQ#A
izes y% LUkkRok vi`PNr~&vèkquk ¯d dj.kh;e~\
izes yh vonr~& bnkuha g.Mha ;FkkLFkkua fu/sfgA izes y% g.Mha laLFkkI; 'kjhja
gLrsu laLi`'; vdFk;r~& vjs] dhn`'ka iq"ifeo 'kjhja y?kq tkre~A ;fn Roa izfrfnua
,oeso tye~ m".ka ÑRok eáa nnkfl rfgZ fd;r~ 'kksHkua HkosrA~ izes yh vonr~& fdega
u bfr dFk;kfe\ ijUrq v=k dL; vkyL;e~\ izes y% vonr~& vkyL;a rq eeSoA
ije~ vxzs vkYkL;a u dfj";kfeA
izes yh vonr~& vLrq! lEizfr vkoka Hkkstua oqQoZ%A
#fpjk
38 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 'kCnkFkkZ%

dk"BPNsnsu & ydfM+;k¡ dkVus ls

[kyq & vo'; gh (vO;;)
LukRok & Luku djosQ
JkfUr% & Fkdku
vixfe";fr & nwj gks tk,xh
vLohoqQ;kZe~ & vLohdkj d:¡
g.Mh & gfM+;k
vokrkj;r~ (vo$vrkj;r~) & mrkj fy;k
Hk`Rok & Hkjdj
pqY;ke~ & pwYgs esa] ij
dk"Bkfu & ydfM+;ksa dks
izTToky; & tykvks
lE;o~Q & vPNh rjg ls
iwQRoqQ# & iw¡Qdks
dkykuUrje~ (dky$vuUrje~) & le; osQ ckn
fu/k; & j[kdj
fujfn'kr~ (fu%$vfn'kr~) & funsZ'k fd;k
laLFkkI; & j[kdj
LkaLi`'; & Nwdj
dhn`'ke~ & oSQlk
y?kq & gYdk
fd;r~ & fdruk
izseyL;
izseY;k'p 39
38
dFkk
 vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) izes y% oQFka JkUr% vklhr~\
([k) izes y% dnk x`ge~ vkxPNr~\
(x) izes y% dkfu izkToky;r~\
(?k) pqYyha izTokyf;rqa izes y% ¯d Ñroku~\
(Ä) izes yh dL; iRuh vklhr~\

2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milx± fpRok i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

;Fkk&vixfe";fr ¾ vi $ xfe";fr
vorkj; ¾ -------------- $ --------------
izTTokY; ¾ -------------- $ --------------

izgkj% ¾ -------------- $ --------------

ijkt;% ¾ -------------- $ --------------

migkj% ¾ -------------- $ --------------

3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k /krqa izR;;a p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

inkfu /krq% izR;;%
(d) ;Fkk & xRok ¾ xe~ $ DRok
ÑRok ¾ -------------- $ --------------
Hk`Rok ¾ -------------- $ --------------
LukRok ¾ -------------- $ --------------

#fpjk
40 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 ([k) ;Fkk & ifBrqe~ ¾ iB~ $ rqeuq ~
drqeZ ~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------

[kkfnrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------

nz"Vqe~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------

inkfu milxZ% /krq% izR;;%

(x) ;Fkk & vkuh; ¾ vk $ uh $ Y;i~
vkxR; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------

fu/k; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------

vknk; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------

laLi`'; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------

4- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fudVs v/quk dFk;fr nnkfl gLrsu laLFkkI; iq"ie~ ruq%
djs.k ¾ --------------
oqQlqee~ ¾ --------------
;PNfl ¾ --------------
LFkkif;Rok ¾ --------------
onfr ¾ --------------
lkEizre~ ¾ --------------
'kjhje~ ¾ --------------
ik'osZ ¾ --------------

izseyL;
izseY;k'p 41
40
dFkk
5- funs'Z kkuqlkje~ milx± fØ;kina p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&
;Fkk & izkpyr~ ¾ iz $ vpyr~
fujfn'kr~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
vkxPNr~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
vokrkj;r~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
ijkHkor~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
izk{kky;r~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja fy[kr&

(d) l% g.Mheokrkj;r~A
([k) l% pqYyheToky;r~A
(x) l% g.Mha Lukux`gs vLFkki;r~A
(?k) l% ?kVs tyeHkjr~A
(Ä) izes y% x`gekxPNr~A
(p) l% tyeq".kedjksrA~
(N) l% HkkstuedjksrA~
(t) l% LukuedjksrA~

7- v/ksfyf[krkuka rn~Hkoinkuka rRleinkfu fpuqr&

dkB & --------------
gk¡Mh & --------------
pwYgk & --------------
owQvk¡ & --------------
iwQ¡ duk & --------------

#fpjk
42 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 lIre% ikB%

tyokfguh
¹izLrqr xhr Hkkstiqjh yksdxhr dk vuqokn gSA vuqoknd yC/&izfr"B ,oa
vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfr&izkIr izk-s jkedj.k 'kekZ gSAa blesa xk¡o dh ikuh Hkjus okyh L=kh dk
fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA og oqQ,¡ ls ?kM+s esa ty Hkjdj ykrh gSA ty ykrs le; mlosQ
eu esa vkus okys vusdHkkoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSAº

fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kiz;ksx%
Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe p
lfyyoqQEHka fd;Rdkye~A Hkfj";k--------
'kuS;fZ n ;kfe fpjjk=kk;
foyfi";fr x`gs cky%A
nzrq a ;fn ;kfe olua es
Hkosnknz± lfyyosx%S AA Hkfj";k---------
beku~ uwijq joku~ #u>qu&
e;ku~ vkd.;Z ukxfjdk%A
lq[ka 'kÕ;kef/'k;kuk
bfVfr rs tkxfj";fUrAA Hkfj";k---------

ruq% owQiks egkyEc&

Lrys rL;kfLr ikuh;e~A
Ñ"kUR;k es ?kVa jTTok
tyokfguh djs¿I;kLrs egkLiQksV%AA Hkfj";k--------- 43
42
 'kCnkFkkZ%

tyokfguh & ifugkju

Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe & Hk:¡xh] ykÅ¡xh
(Hkfj";kfe$vkgfj";kfe)
lfyyoqQEHke~ & ikuh osQ ?kM+s dks
'kuS;Zfn('kuS%$;fn) & ;fn /hjs ls
;kfe & tkrh gw¡
fpjjk=kk; & cgqr le; rd
foyfi";fr & jks,xk@foyki djsxk
nzqre~ & tYnh] 'kh?kz
HkosnknzZe~ & xhyk gks tk,xk
(Hkosr~$vknzZe~)
uwiqjjoku~ & ik;y dh èofu
vkd.;Z & lqu dj
bfVfr & 'kh?kz
egkyEcLrys & ry esa dkiQh xgjk
(egkyEc%$rys)
rL;kfLr & mldk gS
(rL;$vfLr)
Ñ"kUR;k & [khapus ls
jTTok & jLlh ls
djs¿I;kLrs & gkFk esa gksrk gS
(djs$vfi$vkLrs)
egkLiQksV% & iQiQksyk
ruq% & NksVk
#fpjk
44 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vH;kl%
1- izLrqra xhra lLoja xk;rA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) owQi% dhn`'k% vfLr\
([k) egkLiQksV% oqQ=k vkLrs\
(x) cky% oqQ=k foyfi";fr\
(?k) tyokfguh ;fn nzrq a xPNsr~ rfgZ ¯d L;kr~\
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq ;Fkkisf{kra l¯U/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) rL; $ vfLr ¾ -------------------
([k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ vI;kLrs
(x) egkyEc% $ rys ¾ -------------------
(?k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe
(Ä) lq $ mfDr% ¾ -------------------

4- fo'ks"k.kS% lg fo'ks";kf.k ;kst;r&

fo'ks"k.k&inkfu fo'ks";&inkfu
fd;r~ owQi%

xHkhj% olue~

LFkwy% uwiqjjoku~

vknzZe~ dkye~

beku~ foMky%
tyokfguh 45
44
5- lekukFkZdkfu inkfu esy;r&

lfyye~ oqQEHk%

x`ge~ f'k'kqe~

nzqre~ tye~

?kV% 'kh?kze~

ckye~ Hkoue~

6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄaõ foHkfDra opua p fy[kr&

inkfu fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~

;Fkk& jkf=ke~ L=khfyÄõe~ f}rh;k ,dopue~

x`gs ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

lokZu~ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

jTTok ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

osxS% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

dksykgyk% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

rys ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

#fpjk
46 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
7- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p fpRok okD;kfu jp;r&

fpfdRlky;% fpfdRld% #X.kku~ fpfdRlkFkZe~ uxjs ifjpjfr

tuk% vfLr vkxPNfUr ifjpkfjdk nnkfr djksfr vkS"k/e~

(d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tyokfguh 47
46
8- vUo;a oqQ#r&
(d) nzrq a ;fn ;kfe olua es
Hkosnknz± lfyyosx%S A
([k) Ñ"kUR;k es ?kVa jTTok
djs¿I;kLrs egkLiQksV%A

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

v/ksfyf[kr ewy Hkkstiqjh yksd&xhr dk vuqokn osQ lkFk vH;kl dhft;s&

dr fnu jke Hkjc ge xxjhA dr fnu-
/hjs pyw¡ r ckyd ?kj jksos
>Vdh pyw¡ r Hkhats eksjk pqujhA dr fnu-
#u>qu #u>qu ik;y ckts
ik;y osQ lcn lqfu tkxs lkjh uxjhAA dr fnu-
ikrj oqQb;k¡ irkys esa ikuh
[khafp [khafp xxjh gFksyh iM+s iQiQjhAA dr fnu-

fuEufyf[kr xhr dk vH;kl dj ifBr xhr ls blosQ HkkolkE; dks lef>;s&

iUFkk% fifPNy%
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
v;a y?kqy?kqinSe;Zs ks¿uqu;s !s uSo oyuh;%AA

b;a ifÄïyk ohFkh Hk;Äïjh ro ukfLr ;krO;k]

l`tUrh njelkS efUnjl`freZf; lk¿fi gkrO;k]
vekxZ'pkcySyksd Z ks onfr df'pUu J;.kh;%A
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A

#fpjk
48 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 ins LFkx;fr fojefojesfr dFk;fr n`';efHkrks ;r~]
izrh;r vkfy! ¯d uq onkfu ân;a p×pqja fopyr~]
fu/s;fena o'ks¿oljks u gs;ks¿;a u oj.kh;%A
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A

eufl u`R;Lojks en;fr Nfefr Nwe~ Nwe~ Nuu&Nwfefr]

r`"kk ;k;kprs eq[kjk iz'kferk ukfLe uk¿Hkwfefr]
foe`'k ¯d ¯deo/h;ZeFkks uq d% d'pkuqlj.kh;%A
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
egkjktnhuik.Ms;%
fifPNy% & fiQlyus okyk p×pqje~ & vR;Ur prqj (vFkok fo'ks"kK)
oyuh;% & bBykdj pyus yk;d ;k;kprs & ckj&ckj ek¡x jgh gS

tyokfguh 49
48
 v"Ve% ikB%

lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%
¹izLrqr ikB vuqie feJ dh Ñfr vkt Hkh
uk;d uked vè;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa
dkS'ky ,oa f'kYi osQ /uh xt/j osQ lEcU/
ekuo fufeZr rkykc] ckoM+h tSls fuekZ.kksa dks
esa fpf=kr fd;k gSAº
[kjs gSa rkykc osQ lalkj lkxj osQ
foyqIr gksrs tk jgs ikjEifjd Kku]
esa ppkZ dh x;h gSA ikuh osQ fy,
ys[kd us ;gk¡ lalkj lkxj osQ :i

osQ vklu~ rs vKkrukeku%\

'kr'k% lgÏ'k% rMkxk% lglSo 'kwU;kr~ u izdVhHkwrk%A bes ,o rMkxk% v=k
lalkjlkxjk% bfrA ,rs"kke~ vk;kstuL; usiF;s
fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ ,dde~] fuekZr Ï.kka p
n'kde~ vklhr~A ,rr~ ,doaQ n'koaQ p
vkgR; 'kroaQ lgÏa ok jp;r% LeA
ija foxrs"kq f}'kro"ks"Z kq uwrui¼R;k lektsu
;fRdf×pr~ ifBre~A ifBrsu rsu lektsu
,doaQ n'koaQ lgÏoQ×p bR;srkfu 'kwU;s
,o ifjofrZrkfuA vL; uwrulektL;
eufl b;efi ftKklk uSo mn~Hkwrk ;n~
vLekRiwoeZ ~ ,rkor% rMkxku~ osQ jp;fUr
LeA ,rkn`'kkfu dk;kZf.k dr±q KkuL; ;ks
#fpjk
50 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
uwru% izfofèk% fodflr%] rsu izfof/uk¿fi iwo± lEikfnre~ ,rRdk;± ekif;raq u
osQukfi iz;frre~A
v| ;s vKkrukeku% orZUrs] iqjk rs cgqifz Fkrk% vklu~A v'ks"ks fg ns'ks rMkxk%
fuehZ;Urs Le] fuekZrkjks¿fi v'ks"ks ns'ks fuolfUr LeA
xt/j% bfr lqUnj% 'kCn% rMkxfuekZr.Ï kka lknja Lej.kkFkZeA~ jktLFkkuL; osQ"kqfpn~
Hkkxs"kq 'kCnks¿;e~ v|kfi izpyfrA d% xt/j%\ ;% xtifjek.ka èkkj;fr l xtèkj%A
xtifjek.ke~ ,o ekiudk;sZ mi;qT;rsA lekts
f=kgLr& ifjek.kkfRedha ykSg;f"Va gLrs x`ghRok
pyUr% xt/jk% bnkuha f'kfYi:is.k uSo
lekn`rk% lfUrA xt/j%] ;% lektL; xkEHkh;±
eki;sr~ bR;fLeu~ :is ifjfpr%A
xt/jk% okLrq d kjk% vklu~ A dkea
xzkeh.klektks Hkorq ukxjlektks ok rL;
uo&fuekZ.kL; lqj{kkizcU/uL; p nkf;Roa
xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA uxjfu;kstukr~
y?kqfuekZ.ki;ZUra lokZf.k dk;kZf.k ,rs"oso
vkèk`rkfu vklu~A rs ;kstuka izLrqofUr Le]
HkkfoO;;e~ vkdy;fUr Le] midj.kHkkjku~
laxÊ` fUr LeA izfrnkus rs u rn~ ;kpUrs Le ;n~ nkrqa rs"kka Lokfeu% vlEkFkkZ%
Hkos;%q A dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xtèkjsH;% lEekuefi iznh;rs LeA
ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A

lalkjlkxjL;
51
uk;dk%
 'kCnkFkkZ%

lglSo (lglk$,o) & vdLekr~] vpkud

izdVhHkwrk% & izdV gq,] fn[kkbZ fn,
usiF;s & insZ osQ ihNs
rMkxk% & rkykc
fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ & cuokus okyksa dh
fuekZrÏ.kke~ & cukus okyksa dh
,dde~ & bdkbZ
n'kde~ & ngkbZ
'krde~ & lSdM+k
lgÏde~ & gtkj
ftKklk & tkuus dh bPNk
mn~Hkwrk & mRiUu gqbZ] tkx`r gqbZ
vLekRiwoZe~ & blls igys
ekif;rqe~ & ekius@ukius osQ fy;s
iz;frre~ & iz;Ru fd;k
cgqizfFkrk% & cgqr izfl¼
v'ks"ks & lEiw.kZ
fuehZ;Urs Le & cuk, tkrs Fks

#fpjk
52 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 fuekZrkj% & cukus okys
xt/j% & xt (yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ] xgjkbZ] eksVkbZ
ekius dh yksgs dh NM+) dks /kj.k
djus okyk O;fDr
rMkxfuekZrÏ.kke~ & rkykc cukus okyksa osQ
f=kgLrifjek.kkfRedhe~ & rhu gkFk osQ uki dh
ykSg;f"Ve~ & yksgs dh NM+
lekn`rk% & vknj dks izkIr
xkEHkh;Ze~ & xgjkbZ
okLrqdkjk% & Hkou vkfn dk fuekZ.k djus okys
dkee~ & pkgs] Hkys gh
fuHkky;fUr Le & fuHkkrs Fks
vk/`rkfu & vk/kfjr
vkdy;fUr Le & vuqeku djrs Fks
midj.klEHkkjku~ & lk/u lkexzh dks
lax`g~.kfUr Le & laxzg djrs Fks
izfrnkus & cnys esa
;kpUrs Le & ek¡xrs Fks
vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr

lalkjlkxjL;
53
uk;dk%
 vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) dL; jkT;L; Hkkxs"kq xt/j% 'kCn% iz;Tq ;rs\
([k) xtifjek.ka d% /kj;fr\
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xt/jsH;% ¯d iznh;rs Le\
(?k) osQ f'kfYi:is.k u lekn`rk% HkofUr\
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) rMkxk% oqQ=k fuehZ;Urs Le\
([k) xt/jk% dfLeu~ :is ifjfprk%\
(x) xt/jk% ¯d oqQoZfUr Le\
(?k) osQ lEekuuh;k%\
3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'u&fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) lqj{kkizcU/uL; nkf;Roa xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA
([k) rs"kka Lokfeu% vleFkkZ% lfUrA
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; lEekuefi izkIuqofUrA
(?k) xt/j% lqUnj% 'kCn% vfLrA
(Ä) rMkxk% lalkjlkxjk% dF;UrsA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;Fkkisf{kra l¯U/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) v| $ vfi ¾ ---------------
([k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ Lej.kkFkZe~
(Xk) bfr $ vfLeu~ ¾ ---------------
(?k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ ,rs"oso
(Ä) lglk $ ,o ¾ ---------------
#fpjk
54 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
5- e×tw"kkr% leqfprkfu inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
jp;fUr x`ghRok lglk ftKklk lg

(d) Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu -------------------- fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) ekykdkjk% iq"iS% ekyk% --------------------------------A
(x) ee eufl ,dk ------------------------------- orZrAs
(?k) jes'k% fe=kS% ----------------- fo|ky;a xPNfrA
(Ä) ---------------------- ckfydk r=k vglrA

6- infuekZ.ka oqQq #r&

/krq% izR;;% ine~
;Fkk& Ñ $ rqeuq ~ ¾ drZeq ~
â $ rqeuq ~ ¾ -------------
r` $ rqeuq ~ ¾ -------------
;Fkk& ue~ $ DRok ¾ uRok
xe~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
R;t~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
Hkqt~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
milxZ% /krq% izR;;% ¾ ine~
;Fkk& mi xe~ Y;i~ ¾ mixE;
le~ iwt~ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
vk uh Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
iz nk Y;i~ ¾ -----------------

lalkjlkxjL;
55
uk;dk%
7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& fo|ky;a ifjr% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
(d) -------------------- mHk;r% xzkek% lfUrA (xzke)
([k) -------------------- loZr% v^kfydk% lfUrA (uxj)
(x) f/o~Q --------------------A (dkiq#"k)
;Fkk& e`xk% e`x%S lg /kofUrA (e`x)
(d) ckydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
([k) iq=k -------------------- lg vki.ka xPNfrA (fir`)
(x) f'k'kq% -------------------- lg ØhMfrA (ekr`)

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

vuqie feJ&ty laj{k.k osQ ikjaifjd Kku dks lekt osQ lkeus ykus dk Js; ftu
yksxksa dks gS Jh vuqie feJ (tUe 1948) muesa vxzx.; gSAa ^vkt Hkh [kjs gSa
rkykc* vkSj ^jktLFkku dh jtr cwn¡ *sa ikuh ij mudh cgqi'z kaflr iqLroaQs gSAa

Hkk"kk&foLRkkj%
dkjd
lkekU; :i ls nks izdkj dh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSAa
1- dkjd foHkfDr 2- miin foHkfDrA
dkjd fpg~uksa osQ vk/kj ij tgk¡ inksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls dkjd foHkfDr dgrs
gSAa fdUrq fdUgha fo'ks"k inksa osQ dkj.k tgk¡ dkjd fpÉksa dh mis{kk dj fdlh fo'ks"k

#fpjk
56 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls miin foHkfDr dgrs gS]a tSl&s
loZr% vfHkr%] ifjr%] f/o~Q vkfn inksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) fo|ky;a ifjr% iq"ikf.k lfUrA
([k) f/o~Q ns'knzkfs g.ke~A
lg] lkde~] lk¼Ze]~ lea osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) tuosQu lg iq=k% xr%A
([k) nqtuZ us lea l[;e~A
ue%] LofLr] Lokgk] Lo/k osQ ;ksx esa prqFkhZ foHkfDr iz;Dq r gksrh gS&
mnk & (d) ns'kHkDrk; ue%A
([k) ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
(x) tusH;% LofLrA
vye~ 'kCn osQ nks vFkZ gS&a i;kZIr ,oa er (okj.k osQ vFkZ es)a A i;kZIr osQ vFkZ esa
prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gS tSl&s ns'knzkfs g.ks vya ns'kj{kdk%A
euk djus osQ vFkZ esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gS] tSl&s vya fooknsuA
fouk osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k] r`rh;k ,oa i×peh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSa] tSls&ifjJea@
ifjJes.k@ifjJekr~ fouk u xfr%A
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kvksa osQ ,dopu cukus dk iz;kl djs&a
vkdy;fUr] lax`ÊfUr] izLrqofUrA
ftKklk&tkuus dh bPNkA blh izdkj osQ vU; 'kCn gS&a fiiklk] ftfXe"kk] foo{kk] cqHkw{kkA

Hkko&foLrkj%
vxj ge è;ku ls ns[ksa rks gekjs pkjksa rjiQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fofo/ :i fn[kkbZ
nsrs gSAa blesa oqQN Kku vkSj dkS'ky iQyrs&iwQyrs gSa vkSj dbZ fujarj {kh.k gksrs gSAa

lalkjlkxjL;
57
uk;dk%
blosQ dbZ mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSAa ikuh dk O;oLFkkiu laj{k.k vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h dk
ikjaifjd rkSj&rjhdk] f'kYi rFkk dkjhxjh dk Kku nqyHZ k vkSj foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj
ij gSA ogha vfHk;kfU=kdh ,oa lapkj ls lacfa /r Kku u, mHkkj ij gSAa njvly fdl
rjg dk Kku vkSj dkS'ky vkxs fodflr vkSj izxfq .kr gksxk vkSj fdl rjg dk Kku
,oa dkS'ky fiNM+xs k] foyqIr gksus osQ fy, foo'k gksxk ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk
gS fd ns'k vkSj lekt fdl rjg osQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fodkl esa viuk Hkfo";
lqjf{kr ,oa lq[ke; ekurk gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
vkus okyh Nqf^;ksa esa vius vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ mu ikjaifjd Kku ,oa dkS'kyksa dk
irk yxk,¡ ftudk LFkku lekt esa vc fujarj ?kV jgk gSA mUgsa dksbZ mfpr izkRs lkgu
ugha fey jgk gS ;k os foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gSAa mudh ,d lwph Hkh rS;kj djsa
vkSj muosQ fy, iz;Dq r gksus okys laLÑr 'kCn fy[ksAa vius vkSj vius fe=kksa }kjk
rS;kj dh xbZ vyx&vyx lwfp;ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, bu ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa osQ
foyqIr gksus osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk,¡A

#fpjk
58 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 uoe% ikB%

lIrHkfxU;%
¹^lIrHkfxuh* ;g ,d miuke gSA mÙkj&iwoZ osQ lkr jkT; fo'ks"k dks mDr mikf/ nh
x;h gSA bu jkT;ksa dk izkÑfrd lkSUn;Z vR;Ur foy{k.k gSA bUgha osQ lkaLÑfrd vkSj
lkekftd oSf'k"V~; dks è;ku esa j[kdj izLrqr ikB dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSAº
izR;;%
vè;kfidk & lqiHz kkre~A
Nk=kk% & lqiHz kkre~A lqiHz kkre~A
vè;kfidk & HkorqA v| ¯d iBuh;e~\
Nk=kk% & o;a losZ Lons'kL; jkT;kuka fo"k;s KkrqfePNke%A
vè;kfidk & 'kksHkue~A onrA vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
lk;jk & prqfo±'kfr% egksn;s!
flYoh & u fg u fg egkHkkxs! i×p¯o'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA
vè;kfidk & vU;% dks¿fi----\
Lojk & (eè;s ,o) egksn;s! es Hkfxuh dFk;fr ;nLekoaQ ns'ks
v"Vk¯o'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA ,rnfrfjP; lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk%
vfi lfURkA
vè;kfidk & lE;Xtkukfr rs HkfxuhA Hkorq] vfi tkuhFk ;w;a ;nsr"s kq jkT;s"kq
lIrjkT;kuke~ ,d% leok;ks¿fLr ;% lIrHkfxU;% bfr ukEuk
izfFkrks¿fLrA

lIrHkfxU;% 59
losZ & (lk'p;Ze~ ijLija i';Ur%) lIrHkfxU;%\ lIrHkfxU;%\
fudksyl% & bekfu jkT;kfu lIrHkfxU;% bfr fdeFk± dF;Urs\
vè;kfidk & iz;ksxks¿;a izrhdkRedks orZrAs dnkfpr~ lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd&
ifjn`';kuka lkE;kn~ bekfu mDrksikf/uk izfFkrkfuA
leh{kk & dkSrgw ya es u [kyq 'kkfUra xPNfr] Jko;rq rkon~ ;r~ dkfu
rkfu jkT;kfu\
vè;kfidk & kÜ .` kqr!
v};a e=k;a pSo u&f=k&;qDra rFkk };e~A
lIrjkT;lewgks¿;a HkfxuhlIroaQ ere~AA
bRFka HkfxuhlIrosQ bekfu jkT;kfu lfUr&v#.kkpyizn's k%] vle%]
ef.kiqje~] fetksje%] es?kky;%] uxkyS.M%] f=kiqjk psfrA ;|fi
{ks=kifjek.kS% bekfu y?kwfu orZUrs rFkkfi xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k c`gÙkjkf.k
izrh;UrsA
losZ & dFke~\ dFke~\
vè;kfidk & bek% lIrHkfxU;% Loh;s izkphusfrgkls izk;% Lok/huk% ,o
n`"Vk%A u osQukfi 'kklosQu bek% Lok;ÙkhÑrk%A vusd&
laLÑfr&fof'k"Vk;ka HkkjrHkwekS ,rklka Hkfxuhuka laLÑfr%
egÙokèkkf;uh bfrA
rUoh & v;a 'kCn% loZiFz kea dnk iz;Dq r%\
vè;kfidk & Jqre/qj'kCnks¿;a loZizFkea foxr'krkCnL; f}lIrfrres o"ksZ
f=kiqjkjkT;L;ksn?~ kkVuØes osQukfi izofrZr%A vfLeUuso dkys ,rs"kka
jkT;kuka iqu% lÄ~?kVua fofgre~A
Lojk & vU;r~ fdefi oSf'k"V~;efLr ,rs"kke~\

#fpjk
60 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vè;kfidk & uwue~ vfLr ,oA ioZr&o`{k&iq"i&izHk`frfHk% izkÑfrdlEif‰%
lqle`¼kfu lfUr bekfu jkT;kfuA Hkkjro`{ks p iq"i& Lrcdln`'kkfu
fojktUrs ,rkfuA
jktho% & Hkofr! x`gs ;Fkk lokZf/dk jE;k euksjek p Hkfxuh Hkofr rFkSo
Hkkjrx`g¿s fi lokZf/dk% jE;k% bek% lIrHkfxU;% lfUrA
vè;kfidk & euL;kxrk rs b;a Hkkouk ijedY;k.ke;h ija losZ u rFkk
voxPNfUrA vLrq] vfLr rkonsr"s kka fo"k;s fdf×pn~ oSf'k"V~;efi
dFkuh;e~A lkofgreulk kÜ .` kqr&
tutkfrcgqyizn's kks¿;e~A xkjks&[kklh&uxk&fetks&izHk`r;% cgo%
tutkrh;k% v=k fuolfUrA 'kjhjs.k ÅtZfLou% ,rRizknsf'kdk%
cgqHkk"kkfHk% lefUork%] ioZijEijkfHk% ifjiwfjrk%] Loyhyk&
dykfHk'p fu".kkrk% lfUrA
ekyrh & egksn;s! r=k rq oa'ko`{kk vfi izkI;Urs\
vè;kfidk & vke~A izn's ks¿fLeu~ gLrf'kYikuka ckgqY;a orZrAs vk oL=kkHkw"k.ksH;%
x`gfuekZ.ki;ZUra izk;% oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuka oLrwuke~ mi;ksx% fØ;rsA
;rks fg v=k oa'ko`{kk.kka izkpq;± fo|rsA lkEizra oa'kks|ksxks¿;a
vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfre~ vokIrks¿fLrA
vfHkuo% & Hkfxuhizn's kks¿;a càkd"kZd% Kk;rsA
lyhe% & ¯d Hkze.kk; Hkfxuhizn's kks¿;a lehphu%\
losZ Nk=kk% & (mPpS%) egksn;s! vkxkfefu vodk'ks o;a r=kSo xUrqfePNke%A
Lojk & HkoR;fi vLekfHk% lk¼± pyrqA
vè;kfidk & jksprs es¿;a fopkj%A ,rkfu jkT;kfu rq Hkze.kkFk± LoxZln`'kkfu
bfrA

lIrHkfxU;% 61
 'kCnkFkkZ%%

ck<e~ & cgqr vPNk

iBuh;e~ & i<+uk gS
Kkrqe~ & tkuus osQ fy,
dfr & fdrus
prqfo±'kfr% & pkSchl
i×p¯o'kfr% & iphl
Hkfxuh & cgu
v"Vk¯o'kfr% & vBkbZl
osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% & osQUnz }kjk 'kkflr izns'k
vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr
Hkorq & vPNk
leok;% & lewg
izfFkr% & izfl¼
izrhdkRed% & lkÄsïfrd
(izrhd$vkRed%)
dnkfpr~ & lEHkor%
lkE;kn~ & lekurk osQ dkj.k
mDrksikf/uk & dgh x;h mikf/ ls@osQ dkj.k
(mDr$mikf/uk)
ukfEu & uke esa
la'k;% & lUnsg

#fpjk
62 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vijr% & nwljh vksj
{ks=kifjek.kS% & {ks=kiQy ls
y?kwfu & NksVs
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k & xq.k ,oa xkSjo dh n`f"V ls
c`gÙkjkf.k & cM+s
Lok/huk% (Lo$v/huk%) & LorU=k
Lok;ÙkhÑrk% & vius v/hu fd;s x;s
egÙok/kf;uh & egÙo dks j[kus okyh] egÙoiw.kZ
(egÙo$vk/kf;uh)
Jqre/qj'kCn% & lquus esa e/qj 'kCn
izHk`frfHk% & vkfn ls
fofgre~ & fof/iwoZd fd;k x;k
izkÑfrdlEif‰% & izkÑfrd lEinkvksa ls
lqle`¼kfu & cgqr le`¼
Hkkjro`{ks & Hkkjr :ih o`{k esa@ij
iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu & iq"i osQ xqPNs osQ leku
â|k & fiz; (ân; dks fiz; yxus okyh)
euksje
jE;k & je.kh;
lkofgreulk & lko/ku eu ls
ÅtZfLou% & ÅtkZ ;qDr
ioZijEijkfHk% & ioks± dh ijEijk ls
ifjiwfjrk% & iw.kZ] Hkjs&iwjs
lefHkuUnuh;e~ & Lokxr ;ksX;

lIrHkfxU;% 63
 lehphu% & cgqr vPNk
LoyhykdykfHk% & viuh fØ;k ,oa dykvksa ls
fu".kkrk% & ikjÄõr] fuiq.k
oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~ & ck¡l osQ o`{kksa ls fufeZr
vokIr% & izkIr
càkd"kZd% (cgq$vkd"kZd%) & vR;Ur vkd"kZd@vR;f/d vkd"kZd

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
lqiHz kkre~ egÙok/kf;uh ioZijEijkfHk%
prqfo±'kfr% f}lIrfrres oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~
lIrHkfxU;% izkÑfrdLkEif‰% oa'kks|ksxks¿;e~
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfre~

2- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
([k) izkphusfrgkls dk% Lok/huk% vklu~\
(x) osQ"kka leok;% ^lIrHkfxU;%* bfr dF;rs\
(?k) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% lfUr\
(Ä) lIrHkfxuh&izn's ks d% m|ksx% loZiez [q k%\

3- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izÑfr&izR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

inkfu izÑfr% izR;;%
;Fkk&xUrqe~ xe~ $ rqequ~
Kkrqe~ ------------- $ -------------

#fpjk
64 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 xzghrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ ------------- $ --------------
Jksreq ~ ------------- $ -------------
Hkzferqe~ ------------- $ -------------

4- ikBkr~ fpRok rn~Hkoinkuka Ñrs laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

rn~Hko&inkfu laLÑr&inkfu
;Fkk&lkr lIr
cfgu --------------
laxBu --------------
ck¡l --------------
vkt --------------
[ksr --------------

5- fHkUuizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) xPNfr] iBfr] /kofr] vglr~] ØhMfrA
([k) Nk=k%] lsod%] f'k{kd%] ysf[kdk] ØhMd%A
(x) i=ke~] fe=ke~] iq"ie~] vkez%] u{k=ke~A
(?k) O;k?kz%] HkYywd%] xt%] diksr%] o`"kHk%] ¯lg%A
(Ä) i`fFkoh] olqU/jk] /fj=kh] ;kue~] olq/kA

6- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

lfUr vfLr izrh;Urs orZrs bPNkfe fuolfUr orZUrs

(d) v;a iz;ksx% izrhdkRed% --------------A
([k) lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% --------------A

lIrHkfxU;% 65
 (x) v=k cgo% tutkrh;k% --------------A
(?k) vga fdefi Jksreq ~ --------------A
(Ä) r=k gLrf'kfYiuka ckgqY;a --------------A
(p) lIrHkfxuhizn's kk% jE;k% â|k p --------------A
(N) xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k bekfu o`gÙkjkf.k --------------A

7- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kkuke~ mfpra esyue~ oqQ#r&

fo'ks";&inkfu fo'ks"k.k&inkfu
v;e~ laLÑfr%
laLÑfrfof'k"Vk;ke~ bfrgkls
egÙok/kf;uh izn's k%
izkphus leok;%
,d% HkkjrHkwekS

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

* v};a e=k;a pSo u&f=k&;qDra rFkk };e~A

lIrjkT;lewgks¿;a HkfxuhlIroaQ ere~AA
;g jkT;ksa osQ ukeksa dks ;kn j[kus dk ,d ljy rjhdk gSA bldk vFkZ gS v ls
vkjEHk gksus okys nks] e ls vkjEHk gksus okys rhu] u ls uxkyS.M vkSj f=k ls
f=kiqjk dk cks/ gksrk gSA blh izdkj vBkjg iqjk.kksa osQ uke ;kn j[kus osQ fy;s
;g 'yksd izfl¼ gS&
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=k;a oprq"V;e~A
v&uk&i&¯yx&owQLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsAA
* ^lIrHkfxuh* bl miuke dk loZiFz ke iz;ksx 1972 esa Jh T;ksfr izlkn lSfd;k
us vkdk'kok.kh osQ lkFk HksVa okrkZ osQ Øe esa fd;k FkkA

#fpjk
66 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
* buosQ vUrxZr vkus okys jkT;ksa dk mYys[k izkphu xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gS
;Fkk&egkHkkjr] jkek;.k] iqjk.k vkfnA
* bu jkT;ksa dh jkt/kuh Øe'k% bl izdkj gS&
v#.kkpy izn's k & bVkuxj
vle & fnliqj
ef.kiqj & bEiQky
fetksje & ,stksy
es?kky; & f'kykÄõ
uxkyS.M & dksfgek
f=kiqjk & vxjrYyk
* fcgw] ef.kiqjh] ukuØe vkfn bl izn's k osQ ize[q k u`R; gSAa
* uxk] fetks] [kklh] vleh] ckaXyk] ine] cksMks] xkjks] t;fUr;k vkfn ;gk¡ dh
ize[q k Hkk"kk,¡ gSAa
lIrla[;k ij oqQN vU; izpfyr uke gS&a
lIrflU/q &^lIrHkfxuh* osQ leku lIrflU/q Hkh gSAa ;s lIrflU/q gS&a flU/q] 'kqrnq hz
(lryt)] bjkorh (bjkonh)] forLrk (>sye)] foik'kk (O;kl)] vflDuh (fpukc)
vkSj ljLorhA
lIrioZr & egsUnz] ey;] fgeoku~] vcqnZ ] foUè;] lg~;kfnz] Jh'kSyA
lIrf"kZ & ejhfp] iqyLR;] vafxjk] Ørq] vf=k] iqyg] ofl"BA
Ñ".kukFk dh iqLrd v#.kkpy ;k=kk (okXnsoh izdk'ku] chdkusj 2002) iBuh; gSA

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
ikB esa fLFkr v};a ----- okyh igsyh ls lkrksa jkT;ksa osQ uke dks le>ksA

lIrHkfxU;% 67
 n'ke% ikB%

v'kksdofudk
¹izLrqr ikB vkfndfo okYehfdÑr jkek;.k osQ lqUnjdk.M osQ iUnzgosa lxZ ls laxg` hr
gSA lhrk dh [kkst esa guqeku yÄkï esa izfo"V gksrs gSa rFkk ogha jko.k osQ izfl¼ m|ku
v'kksd&ofudk dh 'kksHkk dk vkg~yknd n'kZu djrs gSAa ;g v'kksdofudk fnO;@vf}rh;
lkSjHk] Lokn] lkSUn;Z ,oa fofo/ o.kks± ls ;qDr oqQlqeks]a yrkvksa o`{kksa vkfn ls lqHkksfHkr
gSA blh dk o.kZu izLrqr ikB esa gSAº
loZuke] rr~] ,rr~&iz;ksx%
loZrqZoqQlqeS jE;S% iQyon~fHk'p ikniS%A
iqf"irkuke'kksdkuka fJ;k lw;ksnZ ;izHkke~ AA1AA
df.kZdkjS% oqQlqferS% ¯d'kqoQS 'p lqifq "irS%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka iznhIr bo loZr% AA2AA
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p pEidksnn~ kydkLrFkkA
foo`¼ewyk cgo% 'kksHkUrs Le lqifq "irk% AA3AA
uUnua focq/ks|kua fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
vfro`ÙkfeokfpUR;a fnO;a jE;fJ;ko`re~ AA4AA
loZrZqiq"iSfuZfpra ikniSeZ/qxfU/fHk%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua jE;a e`xx.kf}tS% AA5AA
vusdxU/izoga iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
'kSyUs nzfeo xU/k<~;a f}rh;a xU/eknue~ AA6AA
v'kksdofudk;ka rq rL;ka okujiqxa o%A #fpjk
68 l nn'kkZfonwjLFka pSR;izklknewftZre~ AA7AA r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 'kCnkFkkZ%

loZrqZoqQlqeS% (loZ$½rqoqQlqeS%) & lHkh ½rqvksa osQ iwQyksa ls

ikniS% & o`{kksa ls
lw;ksZn;izHkke~ (lw;Z$mn;izHkke~) & lw;ksZn; dh NVk
fJ;k & 'kksHkk ls
df.kZdkjS% & dusj osQ iwQyksa ls
¯d'kqoSQ% & Vslw@iyk'k osQ iwQyksa@isM+ksa ls
izHk;k & NVk ls
iqaukxk & lisQn dey@ukxosQlj uke
dk o`{kA
lIri.kkZ'p% (lIri.kkZ%$p) & vkSj ^lIri.kZ* uke dk ,d
o`{k fNrou
pEidksn~nkydk% & pEik ,oa míkyd uked
(pEid$míkydk%) ikSèkk@iQwy
focq/ks|kue~ (focq/$m|kue~) & nsorkvksa dk m|ku
pS=kjFke~ & oqQcsj osQ m|ku dk uke
uUnue~ & LoxZ dk m|ku
ukukfuuknS% & vusd izdkj dh èofu;ksa ls
e`xx.kf}tS% & i'kqvksa ,oa fpfM+;ksa ls

v'kksdofudk 69
 iq.;xU/e~ & ifo=k@'kq¼ xU/ okyk
'kSysUnze~ ('kSy$bUnze~) & igkM+ksa dk jktk (fgeky;)
xU/eknue~ & ^xU/eknu* uke dk ,d igkM+
v'kksdofudk;ke~ & v'kksd ofudk esa
okujiqaxo% & cUnjksa esa Js"B (guqeku)
ÅftZre~ & pdkpkSa/ ls ;qDr

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu mPpkj;r&

loZroZq Qq lqe%S loZriZq "q iS% df.kZdkjS%
e`xx.kf}tS% iQyof‰'p ikniSe/
Z xq fU/fHk%
lIri.kkZ'p pEidksíkydk% focq/ks|kue~
nn'kkZfonwjLFke~ izklknewftZre~ ¯d'kqoQS 'p

2- ikBkUrxZrku~ lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA

3- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) v'kksd ----------------------- rq rL;ka okuj -----------------------A
l nn'kkZfonwjLFka ----------------------------------- izklknewftZre~AA
([k) df.kZdkjS% ¯d'kqoQS 'p -----------------------------------------------------A
l ns'k% ----------------------- rs"kka iznhIr bo -----------------------A

#fpjk
70 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
4- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d [k
uUnua focq/ks|kua iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
vusdxU/izoga iznhIr bo loZr%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p jE;a e`xx.kf}tS%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua pEidksn~nkydkLrFkkA

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja ^rr~* bfr 'kCn:iS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
(d) ;Fkk& iqf¡ YyXss izFkek l% ------------- -------------
"k"Bh rL; ------------- -------------
lIreh ------------- ------------- rs"kq

([k) ;Fkk& L=khfyXss "k"Bh ------------- r;ks% -------------

f}rh;k rke~ ------------- -------------
r`rh;k ------------- rkH;ke~ -------------

(x) ;Fkk& uiql

a dfyXss izFkek rr~ ------------- rkfu
f}rh;k ------------- ------------- -------------
prqFkhZ rLeS ------------- -------------

6- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) ikBs¿fLeu~ ns'k% bfr 'kCnL; dks¿FkZ%\
([k) osQ"kkf×pr~ i×p iq"ik.kka ukekfu fy[krA

v'kksdofudk 71
 (x) okujiqxa o% ¯oQ nn'kZ\
(?k) v=k okujiqÄoõ % d%\
(Ä) m|kue~ oSQ% fuuknS% jE;e~\

7- pØLFkinkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

fr
jkt ;fr
!b

fL r
y cks/

Uuks¿
lE
d

izl
a

;k%
k;

ksè;k

ksfr
Hkjr

gfUr a dj
v;

oUnu
"k.ka r
foHkh guqef
jko.
jke%
ka fi=kk
s%
lhrk
lqxzh

lg
fl¼
y {e

oua
os.k

xPN kJe
a xP
.kkH;

fr
Nfr
ka
ikn

eS=kha
sqoQ i

LFkki
z;PN

;fr
fr

;Fkk&jke% lhrky{e.kkH;ka lg oua xPNfrA

(d) jke% -----------------------------------------A
([k) ----------------------------------------- A
(x) ----------------------------------------- A
(?k) ----------------------------------------- A
(Ä) ----------------------------------------- A
(p) ----------------------------------------- A
(N) ----------------------------------------- A
#fpjk
72 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
8- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,rke~ ,"kk ,rs ,rkfu ,"k% ,rk%
;Fkk& vè;;us ,"k% cky% vf}rh;% vfLrA
(d) ------------ ckyk fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfrA
([k) m|kus ------------ iq"ikf.k fodflrkfu lfUrA
(x) firk ------------ ys[kuha eáe~ vki.kkr~ vku;r~A
(?k) vge~ ------------ iQys rqH;a nnkkfeA
(Ä) ------------ ckfydk% e/qjkf.k xhrkfu xk;fUrA

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

xzUFk ifjp;&^jkek;.k* osQoy ykSfdd laLÑr dk gh ugha vfirq fo'o dk vkfn

dkO; gSA ^jkek;.ke~ vkfndkO;a loZons kFkZlEere~A* blesa lkr dk.M gSa rFkk ;g pkSchl
gtkj 'yksdksa ls ;qDr gSA ^prqfo±'k lglzkf.k 'yksdkukeqDroku`f"k%A*
* jkek;.k dk lcls vPNk dk.M lqUnjdk.M ekuk tkrk gSA dbZ izn's kksa esa bl
dk.M osQ fu;fer ikB dh ijEijk gSA lqUnjdk.M osQ fo"k; esa ,d yksd
izpfyr dFku izkIr gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS&
lqUnjs lqUnjks jke% lqUnjs lqUnjh dFkkA
lqUnjs lqUnjh lhrk lqUnjs ¯d u lqUnje~A
* v'kksd&ofudk n'kkuu jko.k dk m|ku Fkk ftlesa vigj.k osQ ckn lhrk dks
fNik dj j[kk x;k FkkA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
Hkkjro"kZ osQ oqQN izfl¼ ckxksa vFkok m|kuksa dh lwph cuk,¡] ;Fkk&'kkyhekj ,oa
fu'kkrA

v'kksdofudk 73
 ,dkn'k% ikB%

lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys

¹f'k{kk gekjk vf/dkj gSA gekjs lekt eas dbZ leqnk; blls yEcs le; rd of×pr
jgs gSAa mUgsa bl vf/dkj dks ikus osQ fy, yEck la?k"kZ djuk iM+k gSA yM+fd;ksa dks
rks vkSj T;knk vojks/ >syuk iM+rk jgk gSA izLrqr ikB bl la?k"kZ dk usrR` o djus
okyh lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys osQ ;ksxnku ij osQfUnzr gSAº

mifj fufeZra fp=ka i';rA bna fp=ka dL;kf'pr~ ikB'kkyk;k% orZrAs b;a lkekU;k
ikB'kkyk ukfLrA b;efLr egkjk"VªL; izFkek dU;kikB'kkykA ,dk f'kf{kdk x`gkr~
iqLrdkfu vknk; pyfrA ekxsZ df'pr~ rL;k% mifj /wfya df'pr~ p izLrj[k.Mku~
f{kifrA ija lk Lon`<fu'p;kr~ u fopyfrA Lofo|ky;s dU;kfHk% lfouksne~ vkyiUrh
lk vè;kius layXuk HkofrA rL;k% Lodh;e~ vè;;uefi lgSo izpyfrA osQ;a
#fpjk
74 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
efgyk\ vfi ;w;feeka efgyka tkuhFk\ b;eso egkjk"VªL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys ukeèks;kA
tuojh eklL; r`rh;s fnols 1831 res f[kzLrkCns
egkjk"VªL; uk;xkao&ukfEu LFkkus lkfo=kh vtk;rA
rL;k% ekrk y{ehckbZ firk p [kaMksth bfr vfHkfgrkSA
uoo"kZn's kh;k lk T;ksfrck iqQys egksn;su ifj.khrkA
lks¿fi rnkuha =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% ,o vklhr~A ;rksfg
l% L=khf'k{kk;k% izcy% leFkZd% vklhr~ vr%
lkfo=;k% eufl fLFkrk vè;;ukfHkyk"kk mRla izkIrorhA
br% ija lk lkxzge~ vkÄ~XyHkk"kk;k vfi vè;;ua
ÑrorhA
1848 res f[kz L rkCns iq . ks uxjs lkfo=kh
T;ksfrckegksn;su lg dU;kuka o`Qrs izn's kL; izFkea fo|ky;e~ vkjHkrA rnkuha lk
osQoya lIrn'ko"khZ;k vklhr~A 1851 res f[kzLrkCns vLi`';Rokr~ frjLÑrL; leqnk;L;
ckfydkuka o`Qrs i`Fko~Qr;k r;k vij% fo|ky;% izkjC/%A
lkekftdoqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh eq[kja fojks/e~ vdjksrA~ fo/okuka f'kjkse.q MuL;
fujkdj.kk; lk lk{kkr~ ukfirS% fefyrkA iQyr% osQpu ukfirk% vL;ka :<kS lgHkkfxrke~
vR;tu~A ,dnk lkfo=;k ekxsZ n`"Va ;r~ owQia fud"kk 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% rFkkdfFkrk%
fuEutkrh;k% dkf'pr~ uk;Z% tya ikrqa ;kpUrs LeA mPpoxhZ;k% migkla oqQoZUr%
owQikr~ tyksn/~ j.ke~ vokj;u~A lkfo=kh ,rr~ viekua lks<aq uk'kDuksrA~ lk rk% fL=k;%
futx`ga uhrorhA rMkxa n'kZf;Rok vdFk;r~ p ;r~ ;Fks"Va tya u;rA lkoZtfudks¿;a
rMkx%A vLekr~ tyxzg.ks ukfLr tkfrcUèkue~A r;k euq";k.kka lekurk;k% LorU=krk;k'p
i{k% loZnk loZFkk lefFkZr%A
^efgyk lsoke.My* ^f'k'kqgR;k izfrcU/d x`g* bR;knhuka laLFkkuka LFkkiuk;ka
iqQysnEiR;ks% vonkue~ egRoiw.kZeA~ lR;'kks/de.MyL; xfrfofèk"kq vfi lkfo=kh

lkfo=kh
75
ckbZ iqQys
vrho lfØ;k vklhr~A vL; e.MyL; mís';e~ vklhr~ mRihfMrkuka leqnk;kuka
Lokf/dkjku~ izfr tkxj.ke~ bfrA
lkfo=kh vusdk% laLFkk% iz'kkludkS'kysu l×pkfyrorhA nqfHkZ{kdkys Iysx&dkys
p lk ihfMrtukuke~ vJkUre~ vfojra p lsoke~ vdjksrA~ lgk;rk& lkexzh&O;oLFkk;S
loZFkk iz;kle~ vdjksrA~ egkjksxizlkjdkys lsokjrk lk Lo;e~ vlkè;jksx.s k xzLrk 1897
res f[kzLrkCns fu/ua xrkA
lkfgR;jpu;k vfi lkfo=kh egh;rsA rL;k% dkO;lÄy ï u};a orZrs ^dkO;iqQys*
^lqcksèkjRukdj* psfrA Hkkjrns'ks efgyksRFkkuL; xgukocks/k; lkfo=khegksn;k;k%
thoupfjre~ vo';e~ vè;srO;e~A

'kCnkFkkZ%

vknk; & ysdj

izLrj[k.Mku~ & iRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks
lfouksne~ & g¡lh etkd osQ lkFk
vkyiUrh & ckr djrh gqbZ
vtk;r & iSnk gqbZ
vfHkfgrkS & dgs x;s gSa
ifj.khrk & C;kgh x;h
vLi`';r;k & NqvkNwr osQ dkj.k
izkjC/% & vkjEHk fd;k
izrkMu'khykuke~ & izrkfM+r djusokyh

#fpjk
76 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 fujkdj.kk; & nwj djus osQ fy,
:<kS & :f<+ es]a fjokt esa
'kh.kZ & iQVk&iqjkuk] fpFkM+k
ikrqe~ & ihus osQ fy,
lks<eq ~ & lgus esa
mRihfMrkuke~ & lrk, x, dk
vJkUre~ & fcuk FkosQ gq,
egh;rs & c<+&p<+dj gSa
i|c¼e~ & dfork osQ :i esa
xgukocks/k; & xgjkbZ ls le>us osQ fy,
(xgu$vocks/k;)

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) egkjk"VªL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk dk vklhr~\
([k) dL; leqnk;L; ckfydkuka Ñrs lkfo=kh vija fo|ky;a izkjC/orh\
(x) dhn`'khuka oqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh fojks/e~ vdjksrA~
(?k) fdeFk± 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% uk;Z% owQikr~ tya xzghraq okfjrk%\
(Ä) lkfo=;k% e`R;q% dFke~ vHkor~\
(p) rL;k% };ks% dkO;lÄy
ï u;ks% ukeuh osQ\

lkfo=kh
77
ckbZ iqQys
2- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
Lodh;e~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lfouksne~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lfØ;k & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
izn's kL; & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
eq[kje~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
loZFkk & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
mifj ----------------------
vknkue~ ----------------------
ijdh;e~ ----------------------
fo"kerk ----------------------
O;fDrxre~ ----------------------
vkjksg% ----------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄ]õa foHkfDra] opua p fy[kr&
inkfu fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~
/wfye~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfEu ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
vij% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
dU;kuke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
lgHkkfxrke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfirS% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------

#fpjk
78 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&
orZekudky% vrhrdky%
;Fkk & lk f'kf{kdk vfLrA lk f'kf{kdk vklhr~A
(d) lk vè;kius layXuk HkofrA
([k) l% =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% vfLrA
(x) efgyk% rMkxkr~ tya u;fUrA
(?k) o;a izfrfnua ikBa iBke%A
(Ä) ;w;a ¯d fo|ky;a xPNFk\
(p) rs ckydk% fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfUrA

lkfo=kh
79
ckbZ iqQys
 }kn'k% ikB%

d% j{kfr d% jf{kr%
¹izLrqr ikB i;kZoj.k ij osQfUnzr gSA gekjs thou esa IykfLVd dk bl lhek rd izo's k
gks pqdk gS fd ge blosQ fcuk nSfud thou pykus dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ikrs
tcfd IykfLVd i;kZoj.k osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA IykfLVd osQ c<+rs gq, mi;ksx ij
iz'ufpÉ yxkrs gq, bl ikB esa i;kZoj.k rFkk izn"w k.k dh leL;k osQ izfr laons u'khy
le> fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSAº
(dk'pu Ckkfydk% Hkze.kk; fuxZrk% ijLijekyifUr)
fji×ph & ijfeUnj~! ijfeUnj~! ,fg vkxPN] mioua izfo'kke%A
ijfeUnj~ & vjs! miouL; }kjs ,o IykfLVdL;wrdkfu f{kIrkfu brLrr%
fodh.kkZfuA

#fpjk
80 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
dpukj~ & tuk% izekna oqQoZfUrA IykfLVdiqVosQ"kq [kk|oLrwfu x`ghRok Hk{k;fUr]
ija rkfu iqVdkfu ekxsZ ;=k oqQ=kkfi f{kifUrA
jkstfyu~ & egrh b;a leL;kA vfi izfo'kke%\
fji×ph & vLrq izfo'kke%A
(lokZ% mious izfo'kfUrA)
dpukj~ & oqQ=k mifo'kke%\
fji×ph & vfLeu~ dk"BihBs mifo'kke%A
(lokZ% mifo'kfUr)

fji×ph & vfi i';Fk] o;a ;=kksifo"Vk% r=k dkfu oLrwfu lfUr\
ijfeUnj~ & vke~A vke~A cgwfu oLrwfu ifjrks fodh.kkZfuA
dpukj~ & ;Fkk L;wr%] tyowQih] oQUnqde~ bR;knhfuA

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 81
jkstfyu~ & gyk] vkRekuefi i';A
psuEek & vke~A vke~A i';kfe ,oA ee lfo/s dÄïre~] oqQ.Mye~]
osQ'kcUèk%] ?kfVif^dk] dÄï.ke~ bR;knhfu lokZf.k fojktUrsA
fdefl oDrqdkek\
fji×ph & bna è;krO;a ;n~ ,rkfu lokZf.k oLrwfu izk;% IykfLVosQu fufeZrkfu
lfUrA
dpukj~ & iwo± rq izk;% dkikZlus ] peZ.kk] ykSgus ] yk{k;k] e`fÙkd;k dk"Bsu
ok fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ,o izkI;Urs LeA v/quk rr~ LFkkus
IykfLVoQ&fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ifjr% fodh.kkZfu lfUrA ,rkfu
vYiewY;kfu vfi lfUrA
psuEek & vgks! dyeLrq foLe`r%A dks¿fi ,rr~ vuqekrqa 'kDuksfr ;r~
,dfLeu~ dyes dfr efl;"V;% iz;Tq ;UrsA
ijfeUnj~ & vuqeh;rs ;r~ izR;soQa Nk=kk izfrlIrkga Lodyes ,dka efl;f"Va
iwj;frA rkRi;Ze~ bnefLr ;r~ ,dfLeUuso o"ksZ U;wukUU;wua izk;%
i×pk'kr~ efl;"V;% r;k iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA
psuEek & ija ¯d o;e~ ,dfLeu~ o"ksZ ,dL;So dyeL; iz;ksxa oqQeZ%\
lkewfgdLoj% & ufg ufgA o"ksZ rq izk;'k% cgo% dyek% foyqI;UrsA
fji×ph & ,dk Nk=kk f=k"kq ekls"kq ,oaQ dyea Øh.kkfrA vFkkZr~ ,dfLeu~
o"ksZ prqj% dyeku~ Øh.kkfrA
jkstfyu~ & vija p dyesu lg efl;f"V% vfi IykfLVdkoj.ks lekos';rsA
rfgZ vkgR; izfro"kZe~ ,dk Nk=kk izk;% i×pk'kUefl;"Vhuka prqfHZk%
dyeS% prq%i×pk'kf‰% vkoj.kS% iz;ksxa djksfrA

#fpjk
82 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
dpukj~ & Hkorq] cgq/k iz;Dq rL; IykfLVdL; nwjxkfeu% ?kkrdku~ ifj.kkeku~
o;a u nz"Vqa 'kDuqe%A IykfLVoaQ dnkfi u xyfr] u p vi{kh;rsA
;Fkk&vU;kfu oLrwfu fou'; e`fÙkdk;ka foyh;UrsA
psuEek & IykfLVdL; e`fÙkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ vLekoaQ i;kZoj.kL; Ñrs egrh
{kfr% HkofrA
fji×ph & ,osQu inkFksuZ vij% inkFkZ% l`T;rs] vFkok fou"Va oLrq e`fÙkdk;ka
feyfrA ija IykfLVosQ b;a izfØ;k vlEHkok ,oA
ijfeUnj~ & dYi;rq] ;fn 'kra o"kkZf.k ;kor~ IykfLVd&fufeZrkuka inkFkkZuka
fuekZ.kizfØ;k i`fFkO;ka izpfy";fr rfgZ fda L;kr~\ (lokZ% l[ksna
foe`'kfUrA)
jkstfyu~ & v=k fo"kknsu fde~\ loZiFz kea rq f'k{kdk.kka lg;ksxus IykfLVdL;
fofo/i{kk% fopkj.kh;k%A vLekoaQ iz;klks¿fi i;kZoj.kL; j{k.ks
visf{kr%A

'kCnkFkkZ%

dk'pu (dk%$pu) & oqQN

ppZ;fUr & ppkZ djrs gSa
iqVosQ"kq & NksVh FkSyh (ikmp)
L;wr% & FkSyk@FkSyh
tyowQih & ikuh dh cksry
gyk & l[kh osQ fy, lEcks/u

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 83
 dÄïre~ & oaQ?kk@oaQ?kh
dÄï.ke~ & oaQxu
dkikZlus & dikl ls
yk{k;k & yk[k ls
e`fÙkd;k & fe^h ls
fodh.kkZfu & fc[kjh gqb@Z iSQyh gqbZ
izekne~ & vkyL;
dk"BihBs & ydM+h dh cSp
a ij
vkgR; & oqQy feykdj
efl;"V~;k & fjfiQy ls
U;wukUU;wue~ (U;wukr~$U;wue~) & de ls de
izk;'k% & izk;%] yxHkx
foyqI;Urs & yqIr gks tkrs gSa
vi{kh;rs & u"V gks tkrk gS
foyh;Urs & foyhu gks tkrs gSa
y;kHkkokr~ (y;$vHkkokr~) & yhu@u"V u gksus osQ dkj.k
l`T;rs & fufeZr fd;k tkrk gS
dYi;rq & dYiuk dhft,
foe`'kfUr & fopkj djrs gSa

#fpjk
84 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#rμ
i×pk'kr~ "kf"V% lIrfr% v'khfr% uofr%
f=ki×pk'kr~ }k"kf"V% prqLlIrfr% }Ô'khfr% f=kuofr%
i×pi×pk'kr~ prq""kf"V% i×plIrfr% prqj'khfr% i×puofr%
lIri×pk'kr~ i×p"kf"V% lIrlIrfr% i×pk'khfr% "k..kofr%
v"Vki×pk'kr~ uo"kf"V% v"VklIrfr% uok'khfr% 'kre~
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[krμ
inkfu foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk& Hkze.kk; prqFkhZ ,dopue~
oLrwfu ---------------- ----------------
IykfLVosQu ---------------- ----------------
fodh.kkZfu ---------------- ----------------
efl;"V~;k ---------------- ----------------
L;wrosQ"kq ---------------- ----------------
dk"BihBs ---------------- ----------------
i`fFkO;ke~ ---------------- ----------------
3- ,dinsu mÙkjrμ
(d) efl;"Vh&tyowQih&izHk`frfu oLrwfu osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu\
([k) miouL; }kjs dkfu f{kIrkfu lfUr\
(x) e`fÙkdk;ka ¯d oLrq u dnkfi fou';fr\
(?k) vLekoaQ iz;kl% dL; j{k.ks visf{kr%\

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 85
4- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[krμ
(d) psuEek;k% lfo/s dkfu oLrwfu vklu~\
([k) iwo± izk;% osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu oLrwfu izkI;Urs Le\
(x) dkfu dkfu oLrwfu i;kZoj.ka nw"k;fUr\
(?k) IykfLVdL; e`fÙkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ ¯d Hkofr\
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka ydkja iq#"ka opu×p fy[kr&
inkfu /krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~
;Fkk& lfUr vl~ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% cgqopue~
oqQeZ% ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

Øh.kkfr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

i'; ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

vkxPN ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

izpfy";fr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

6- e×tw"kkr% vÄïkuka Ñrs inkfu fpuqr&

prq%i×pk'kr~ lIr"kf"V% }klIrfr% "kM'khfr%
puquoZ fr% lIruofr% i×plIrfr% v"Vkuofr%
67 --------------------- 86 ---------------------
98 --------------------- 97 ---------------------
54 --------------------- 72 ---------------------
94 --------------------- 75 ---------------------
#fpjk
86 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 ;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
laLÑr esa vdkjkUr L=khfyÄõ 'kCn osQ :i izkIr ugha gksrs gSAa ysfdu yM+fd;ksa osQ
vdkjkUr uke gksrs gSAa buosQ mnkgj.k gS&a ijfeUnj] jkstfyu] dpukj vkfnA ;gk¡ iz'u
mBrk gS fd fdl :i esa bu ukeksa dks laLÑr esa fy[kk tk,A blfy;s bl ikB esa
O;×tukUr (ijfeUnj~) :i esa j[kk x;k gSA laLÑr esa bUgsa O;×tukUr (ijfeUnj~]
jkstfyu~] dpukj~) ekudj :i pyk;s tkus pkfg,A
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
pfy,] vkxkeh vodk'k esa ,d vH;kl djrs gSAa lqcg txus ls ysdj jkr lksus osQ
le; rd cktkj ls vkusokyh vkSj izfrfnu dke esa vkus okyh oLrqvksa dks è;kuiwod Z
ns[ksa vkSj budh ,d lwph cuk,¡A muosQ fy, laLÑr esa D;k iz;ksx gksrk gS ;g tkuus
dk iz;kl djsAa lwph esa gj oLrq osQ uke osQ vkxs ;g fy[ksa fd og fdl ph”k dh
cuh gSA blesa IykfLVd dh cuh gqbZ ph”kksa dks Nk¡Vdj ,d txg fy[ksa vkSj ;g
vkdyu djus dk iz;Ru djsa fd izfrfnu ge fdruh ek=kk esa IykfLVd dk mi;ksx
djrs gSAa
laLÑr esa okD; esa igys ^vfi* yxkus ls okD; iz'u okpd gks tkrk gSA
tSl&s vfi izfo'kke%\ D;k ge Hkhrj pys\a
/krq&la;Dq r rqeuq ~ izR;; osQ vuqLokj dk yksi djosQ mlosQ vkxs dkek@dke%
tksMu+ s ls veqd dk;Z djuk pkgus okyh@pkgus okyk&;g eqgkojsnkj iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSl&s xUrqdkek] oDrqdkek] dÙkZd q ke% bR;kfnA bl izfØ;k osQ vk/kj ij uhps fy[ks
okD;ksa dk laLÑr esa vuqokn djs&a
(d) jke D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
([k) fØLrhuk dgk¡ tkuk pkgrh gS\
(x) og djuk D;k pkgrk gS\

d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 87
 =k;ksn'k% ikB%

fgeky;%
¹izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl iz.khr ^oqQekjlEHkoe~* uked egkdkO; osQ izFke lxZ
ls laxg` hr gSA bu i|ksa esa fgeky; dh izkÑfrd lq"kek dk o.kZu gSAº

lfU/%

vLR;qÙkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A

iwokZijkS rks;fu/h oxkg~; fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M% AA1AA

vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L; fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~A

,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ookÄï%AA2AA

vkes[kya l×pjrka ?kukuka Nk;ke/% lkuqxrka fu"ksO;A

m}sftrk o`f"VfHkjkJ;Urs 'k`Äõkf.k ;L;kriofUr fl¼k% AA3AA

diksyd.Mw% dfjfHkfoZusrqa fo?kf^rkuka ljynzqek.kke~A

;=k Ïqr{khjr;k izlwr% lkuwfu xU/% lqjHkhdjksfr AA4AA

fnokdjknz{kfr ;ks xqgklq yhua fnokHkhrfeokU/dkje~A

{kqn¿zs fi uwua 'kj.ka iziUus eeRoeqPpS%f'kjlka lrho AA5AA
#fpjk
88 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 'kCnkFkkZ%

uxkf/jkt% (ux$vf/jkt%) & ioZrjkt

iwokZijkS (iwo$Z vijkS) & iwoZ vkSj if'pe esa fLFkr (nksuks)a
rks;fu/h & nksuksa leqnkz as dks
oxkg~; & izfo"V gksdj] /¡l dj
ekun.M% & ekid] iSekuk] ukius osQ fy, iz;Dq r
midj.k
izHkoL; & mRiUu djus okys dk
lkSHkkX;foyksfi & lkSUn;Z] efgek] cM+Iiu dks yqIr
djus okyk
lfUuikrs & bdV~Bk gksus ij
fueTtfr & foyhu gks tkrk gS] ux.; gksrk gS
vÄï% & dyad] /Cck
vkes[kye~ & eè; Hkkx rd
l×pjrke~ & fopj.k djrs gq,
lkuqxrke~ & pksfV;ksa ij x;h gqbZ
fu"ksO; & lsou djosQ] lq[k ikdj
m}sftrk & ?kcjk, gq,] ijs'kku
vkJ;Urs & vkJ; ysrs gSa
vkriofUr & /wi ls ;qDr ij
diksyd.Mw% & duiVh dh [kqtyh

fgeky;% 89
 dfjfHk% & gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk
fousreq ~ & nwj djus osQ fy,
fo?kf^rkuke~ & jxM+s gqvksa dk
ljynzeq k.kke~ & nsonk# osQ o`{kkas dk
lzrq {khjr;k & nw/ fudyus ls
izlrw % & mRiUu
lkuwfu & ioZr dh pksfV;k¡
lqjHkhdjksfr & lqxfU/r dj nsrk gS
xqgklq & xqiQkvksa esa
yhue~ & fNis gq,
fnokHkhre~ & fnu ls Mjs gq,] mYyw
{kqn¿sz fi ({kqn$sz vfi) & v/e ;k uhp dks Hkh
'kj.ka iziUus & 'kj.k esa vk;s gq,
eeRoe~ & viukiu
lrho (lfr$bo) & ekuksa gksus ij

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mÙkjkf.k fy[krμ
(d) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% d%\
([k) fgeky;% HkkjrL; dL;ka fnf'k orZr\s
(x) bUnks% fdj.ks"kq d% fueTtfr\
(?k) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;L; jpf;rk d%\
(Ä) fgeky;% xqgklq oaQ j{kfr\
#fpjk
90 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
2- v/ksj[s kkfÄïrHs ;% insH;% iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ
(d) fgeky;% mÙkjL;ka fnf'k orZrAs
([k) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% fgeky;% vfLrA
(x) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;a dkfynklsu fojfpre~A
(?k) vfLeu~ ikBs dfo% fgeky;L; o.kZua djksfrA
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq lfU/foPNsna oqQ#rμ
vLR;qÙkjL;ke~ ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
uxkf/jkt% ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
iwokZijkS ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
fdj.ksf"oo ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
;L;kriofUr ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------

4- e×tw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fufnZ"VLrEHks"kq fy[krμ

uxkf/jkt% fnf'k bUnks% fl¼k% dfjfHk%
fdj.kS% nzeq k.kke~ lzrq {khjr;k {kqnsz Nk;k;ke~
xqgklq egkdkO;s kÜ Ä
` kõ f.k fo?kf^rkuke~ ekun.M%
izHkoL; ;% ?kukuke~ o`f"VfHk% dkfynklsu
izFkekfoHkfDr% r`rh;kfoHkfDr% "k"BhfoHkfDr% lIrehfoHkfDr%
;Fkk& ;% dfjfHk% bUnks% xqgklq
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------

fgeky;% 91
5- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
i`fFkO;k% & -----------------------------------------------------------------
fgeky;s & -----------------------------------------------------------------
xqgklq & -----------------------------------------------------------------
bUnks% & -----------------------------------------------------------------
Nk;k;ke~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

 ^ekun.M*© 'kCn ekius osQ fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;h tkus okyh rjktw osQ ydM+h
osQ M.Ms dks dgk tkrk gSA ;g 'kCn vc vkn'kZ dlkSVh] fud"k] ijkdk"Bk]
Js"Brk dk iSekuk vkfn vFkks± esa iz;Dq r gksrk gSA

 ^iwokZijkS rks;fu/h* osQ ekè;e ls ;gk¡ Øe'k% caxky dh [kkM+h rFkk vjclkxj
dh vksj laoQs r fd;k x;k gSA

 ^ljynze
q * nsonk# osQ isM+ dks dgk tkrk gSA bldh Nky cgqr dksey gksrh
gSA ?k"kZ.kek=k ls gh bldh Nky fNy tkrh gS rFkk mlls nw/ dh /kj cgus
yxrh gSA

 fgeky; dh efgek dk o.kZu nwljs xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA rqyuh;&

oSQyklks fgeoka'pSo nf{k.ks o"kZioZrkSA

iwoiZ f'pexkosrko.kZokUr#ifLFkrkSAA (czãk.Miqjk.ke~)

#fpjk
92 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 dkfynkl }kjk izfrikfnr fl¼kUr osQ fo#¼ esa ,d ;g Hkh dFku ik;k
tkrk gS&
,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnksfjfr ;ks cHkk"ksA
u rsu n`"Va dfouk leLra nkfjnz; ~ esoQa xq.kdksfVgkfjAA

 lwfDr dk vFkZ gS lqUnj dFkuA dkfynkl osQ dkO; esa cgqr ,slh lwfDr;k¡ gSa
ftuls euq"; dks cgqr lh lh[k feyrh gSA uhps nh x;h oqQN vU; lwfDr;ksa
dk vè;;u djsAa

 dkfynkl us es?knwr esa jkefxfj ioZr dks ys dj fy[kk gS&

u {kqnkz ¿s fi izFkelqÑrkis{k;k laJ;k;A
izkIrs fe=ks Hkofr foeq[k% ¯d iqu;ZLrFkksPpS%AA
dkfynkl dh vU; izfl¼ lwfDr;k¡
 'kjhjek|a [kyq /eZlk/ue~A

 u jRuefUo";fr e`X;rs fg rr~A

 fiz;"s kq lkSHkkX;iQyk fg pk#rkA

 iqjk.kfeR;so u lk/q loZeA~

 fjDr% loksZ Hkofr fg y?kq% iw.kZrk xkSjok;A

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
* bl ikB esa lwfDr;k¡ [kkstAas
* vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa izkIr fgeky; o.kZu dks i<+as vkSj mldh lwph cuk;sAa

fgeky;% 93
 prqnZ'k% ikB%

vk;ZHkV%
¹Hkkjro"kZ dh vewY; fuf/ gS Kku&foKku dh lqnh?kZ ijEijkA bl ijEijk dks lEiksf"kr
fd;k izc¼ q euhf"k;ksa usA bUgha euhf"k;ksa esa vxzx.; Fks vk;ZHkVA n'keyo i¼fr vkfn
osQ izkjfEHkd iz;ksDrk vk;ZHkV us xf.kr dks u;h fn'kk nhA bUgsa ,oa buosQ izofrZr
fl¼kUrksa dks rRdkyhu :f<okfn;ksa dk fojks/ >syuk iM+kA oLrqr% xf.kr dks foKku
cukus okys rFkk xf.krh; x.kuk i¼fr osQ }kjk vkdk'kh; fi.Mksa dh xfr dk izorZu
djus okys ;s izFke vkpk;Z FksA vkpk;Z vk;ZHkV osQ blh oSn"q ; dk mn~?kkVu izLrqr
ikB esa gSAº

iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr lw;%Z if'pefn'kk;ka p vLra xPNfr bfr n`';rs fg yksoQs A ija
u vusu vocksè;efLr ;Rlw;ksZ xfr'khy bfrA lw;ks¿Z py% i`fFkoh p pyk ;k Lodh;s
v{ks ?kw.kZfr bfr lkEizra lqLFkkfir% fl¼kUr%A fl¼kUrks¿;a izkFkE;su ;su izofrZr%] l
vklhr~ egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp vk;ZHkV%A i`fFkoh fLFkjk orZrs bfr ijEij;k
izpfyrk :f<% rsu izR;kfn"VkA rsu mnkâra ;n~ xfr'khyk;ka ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V%
ekuo% ukSdka fLFkjkeuqHkofr] vU;ku~ p inkFkkZu~ xfr'khyku~ voxPNfrA ,oeso
xfr'khyk;ka i`fFkO;ke~ vofLFkr% ekuo% i`fFkoha fLFkjkeuqHkofr lw;kZfnxzgku~ p xfr'khyku~
osfÙkA

476 res f[kzLrkCns ("kV~lIrR;f/dprq%'krres o"ks)Z vk;ZHkV% tUe yCèkokfufr

rsuoS fojfprs ^vk;ZHkVh;e~* bR;fLeu~ xzUFks mfYyf[kre~A xzUFkks¿;a rsu =k;ks¯o'kfrres

#fpjk
94 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
o;fl fojfpr%A ,sfrgkfldÏksrksfHk% Kk;rs ;r~ ikVfyiq=ka fud"kk vk;ZHkVL; osèk'kkyk
vklhr~A vusu bne~ vuqeh;rs ;r~ rL; deZHkwfe% ikVfyiq=keso vklhr~A

vk;ZHkVL; ;ksxnkua xf.krT;ksfr"kk lEc¼a orZrs ;=k la[;kuke~ vkdyua egÙoe~

vkn/kfrA vk;ZHkV% iQfyrT;ksfr"k'kkL=ks u fo'oflfr LeA xkf.krh;i¼R;k Ñre~
vkdyuekèk` R ; ,o rs u
iz f rikfnra ;n~ xz g .ks jkgq &
osQrqukedkS nkuokS ukfLr
dkj.ke~A r=k rq lw;p Z Unzif` Fkoh
bfr =khf.k ,o dkj.kkfuA lw;±
ifjr% HkzeUR;k% i`fFkO;k%] pUnzL;
ifjØekiFksu la;ksxkn~ xzg.ka
HkofrA ;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu
pUnzL; izdk'k% vo#è;rs rnk
pUnzxgz .ka HkofrA rFkSo i`Fohlw;;Z ks% eè;s lekxrL; pUnzL; Nk;kikrsu lw;xZ gz .ka
n`';rsA
lekts uwrukuka fopkjk.kka Lohdkjs izk;% lkekU;tuk% dkfBU;euqHkofUrA
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr%'kkL=ks rFkSo vk;ZHkVL;kfi fojks/% vHkor~A rL; fl¼kUrk% misf{krk%A
l if.MrEeU;kuke~ migklik=ka tkr%A iqujfi rL; n`f"V% dkykfrxkfeuh n`"VkA
vk/qfuoSQ% oSKkfuoSQ% rfLeu~] rL; p fl¼kUrs leknj% izdfVr%A vLeknso dkj.kkn~
vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke vk;ZHkV bfr Ñre~A
oLrqr% Hkkjrh;k;k% xf.krijEijk;k% vFk p foKkuijEijk;k% vlkS ,d%
f'k[kjiq#"k% vklhr~A

vk;ZHkV% 95
 'kCnkFkkZ%

yksoQs & lalkj esa

vocksè;e~ & le>us ;ksX;] tkuus ;ksX;] tkuuk
pkfg,
vpy% & fLFkj] xfrghu
pyk & vfLFkj] xfr'khy
Lodh;s & vius
v{ks & /qjh ij
?kw.kZfr & ?kwerh gS
lqLFkkfir% & Hkyh&Hkk¡fr LFkkfir
izkFkE;su & loZiFz ke
T;ksfrfoZn~ & T;ksfr"kh
:f<% & izpfyr izFkk] fjokt
izR;kfn"Vk & [k.Mu fd;k
(izfr$vkfn"Vk)
f[kzLrkCns (f[kzLr$vCns) & bZLoh esa
"kV~lIrfr% & fNgÙkj
o;fl & vk;q es]a voLFkk es]a mez esa
fud"kk & fudV
os/'kkyk & xzg] u{k=kksa dks tkuus dh iz;ksx'kkyk
vkdyue~ & x.kuk

#fpjk
96 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 vkn/kfr & j[krk gS
HkzeUR;k% & ?kweus okyh dh] ?kwerh gqbZ dh
Nk;kikrsu & Nk;k iM+us ls
vo#è;rs & #d tkrk gS
vij=k & nwljh vksj
vofLFkr% & fLFkr
fo'oflfr Le & fo'okl djrk Fkk
izfrjks/L; & jksdus dk
if.MrEeU;kuke~ & Lo;a dks Hkkjh fo}ku~ ekuus okyksa dk
dkykfrxkfeuh & le; dks yk¡?kus okyh

vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) lw;%Z dL;ka fn'kk;ke~ mnsfr\
([k) vk;ZHkVL; os/'kkyk oqQ=k vklhr~\
(x) egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp d% vfLr\
(?k) vk;ZHkVsu d% xzUFk% jfpr%\
(Ä) vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke fde~ vfLr\

2- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
xzUFkks¿;e~ & ------------------- $ -------------------
lw;kZpy% & ------------------- $ -------------------
rFkSo & ------------------- $ -------------------

vk;ZHkV% 97
 dkykfrxkfeuh & ------------------- $ -------------------
izFkeksixzgL; & ------------------- $ -------------------

3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka foijhrkFkZdinkfu fy[kr&

mn;% -------------------
vpy% -------------------
vU/dkj% -------------------
fLFkj% -------------------
leknj% -------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&

lkEizre~ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
fud"kk & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifjr% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mifo"V% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
deZHkwfe% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oSKkfud% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

ukSdke~ i`fFkoh rnk pyk vLra
(d) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr if'pefnf'k p ------------------- xPNfrA
([k) lw;%Z vpy% i`fFkoh p -------------------A
(x) ------------- Lodh;s v{ks ?kw.kZfrA
(?k) ;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu pUnzL; izdk'k% vo#è;rs ------------------- pUnzxgz .ka
HkofrA
(Ä) ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V% ekuo% ------------------- fLFkjkeuqHkofrA
#fpjk
98 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inifjp;a nnr&
inkfu fyÄeõ ~ foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk & pUnzL; iq¡fYyÄõ% "k"Bh ,dopue~
os/'kkyk;ke~ -------------- -------------- --------------

i`fFkoh -------------- -------------- --------------

ijEij;k -------------- -------------- --------------

=khf.k -------------- -------------- --------------

Nk;kikrsu -------------- -------------- --------------

7- ^efr* 'kCnL; :ikf.k iwj;r&

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek efr% erh er;%
f}rh;k efre~ ------------ erh%
r`rh;k eR;k efrH;ke~ ------------

prqFkhZ ------------ efrH;ke~ efrH;%

i×peh eR;k%] ers% ------------ ------------

"k"Bh ------------ eR;ks% erhuke~

lIreh eR;ke~ eR;ks% efr"kq
lEcks/ue~ ------------! gs erh! gs er;%!

vk;ZHkV% 99
 ;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

vk;ZHkV dks v'edkpk;Z uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd buosQ tUeLFkku
osQ fo"k; esa fookn gSA dksbZ bUgsa ikVfyiq=k dk dgrs gSa rks dksbZ egkjk"Vª dkA
vk;ZHkV us n'keyo i¼fr dk iz;ksx djrs gq, π (ikbZ) dk eku fu/kZfjr
fd;kA mUgksua s n'keyo osQ ckn osQ pkj vadksa rd π osQ eku dks fudkykA mudh
n`f"V esa π dk eku gS 3-1416 A vk/qfud xf.kr esa π dk eku] n'keyo osQ ckn
lkr vadksa rd tkuk tk ldk gS] rnuqlkj π ¾ 3-1416926 A

Hkkjrh;T;ksfr"k'kkL=kμoSfnd ;qx esa ;K osQ dky vFkkZr~ 'kqHk eqgrw Z osQ Kku osQ
fy, T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dk mn~Hko gqvkA dkykUrj esa blosQ vUrxZr xzgksa dk lapkj] o"kZ]
ekl] i{k] okj] frfFk] ?kaVk vkfn ij xgu fopkj fd;k tkus yxkA yx/] vk;ZHkV]
ojkgfefgj] czãxqIr] HkkLdjkpk;Z] ckyxaxk/j fryd] jkekuqtu~ vkfn gekjs ns'k osQ
ize[q k T;ksfr"k'kkL=kh gSAa vk;ZHkVh;e~] lkSjfl¼kUr%] c`gRlafgrk] yhykorh] i×pfl¼kfUrdk
vkfn T;ksfr"k osQ ize[q k laLÑr xzUFk gSAa

vk;ZHkVh;e~μvk;ZHkV us 499 bZ- esa bl xzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk

20 vk;kZNUnksa esa fuc¼ gSA bleas xzgksa dh x.kuk osQ fy, dfy laor~ (499 bZ- esa
3600 dfy laor~) dks fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA

xf.krT;ksfr"kμla[;k osQ }kjk tgk¡ dky dh x.kuk gks] og xf.krT;ksfr"k gSA

T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dh rhu fo/kvksa ;Fkkμfl¼kUr] iQfyr ,oa xf.kr esa ;g lokZfèkd
ize[q k gSA

#fpjk
100 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 iQfyrT;ksfr"kμblosQ vUrxZr xzg u{k=kksa vkfn dh fLFkfr osQ vk/kj ij HkkX;]
deZ vkfn dk foospu fd;k tkrk gSA

os/'kkykμxzg] u{k=k vkfn dh xfr] fLFkfr dh tkudkjh tgk¡ x.kuk rFkk ;kfU=kd
fof/ osQ vk/kj ij yh tk;s og os/'kkyk gSA ;Fkk&tUrj&eUrjA

ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
* ;ksX;rk foLrkj esa mfYyf[kr fo}kuksa dh Ñfr;ksa osQ uke dk lÄy
ï u djsAa
* ;ksX;rk foLrkj esa m¼`r iqLrdksa osQ ys[kd dk uke crk,¡A
* vk;ZHkV osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; xf.krKksa osQ uke rFkk muosQ dk;ks± dh
lwph rS;kj djsAa

vk;ZHkV% 101
 i×pn'k% ikB%

izgfs ydk%
¹igsfy;k¡ euksj×tu dh izkphu fo/k gSA ;s izk;% fo'o dh lkjh Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/
gSAa laLÑr osQ dfo;ksa us bl ijEijk dks vR;Ur le`¼ fd;k gSA igsfy;k¡ tgk¡ gesa
vkuUn nsrh gS]a ogha le>&cw> dh gekjh ekufld o ckSf¼d izfØ;k dks rhozrj
cukrh gaAS bl ikB esa laLÑr izgfs ydk (igsyh) cw>us dh ijEijk osQ oqQN jkspd
mnkgj.k izLrqr fd, x, gSAa º
dLrwjh tk;rs dLekr~\
dks gfUr dfj.kka oqQye~\
¯d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;q¼\s
e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rs AA1AA
lhefUruh"kq dk 'kkUrk\
jktk dks¿Hkwr~ xq.kksÙke%\
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU|k\
v=kSoksDra u cqè;rs AA2AA
oaQ l×t?kku Ñ".k%\
dk 'khryokfguh xÄkõ \
osQ nkjiks"k.kjrk%\
oaQ cyoUra u ck/rs 'khre~ AA3AA
o`{kkxzoklh u p if{kjkt%
f=kus=k/kjh u p 'kwyikf.k%A
Rox~oL=k/kjh u p fl¼;ksxh
tya p fcHkzUu ?kVks u es?k% AA4AA
#fpjk
102 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
 HkkstukUrs p ¯d is;e~\
t;Ur% dL; oS lqr%\
dFka fo".kqina izkDs re~\
rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~ AA5AA
izgsfydkukeqÙkjkUos"k.kk; lÄïsrk%
izFkek izgsfydk & vfUres pj.ks Øe'k% =k;k.kka iz'ukuka f=kfHk%
inS% mÙkja nÙke~A
f}rh;k izgsfydk & izFke&f}rh;&r`rh;&pj.ks"kq izFkeL; o.kZL;
vfUreo.ksZu la;ksxkr~ mÙkja izkI;rsA
r`rh;k izgsfydk & izR;soaQ pj.ks izFkef}rh;;ks% izFke=k;k.kka
ok o.kkZuka la;ksxkr~ rfLeu~ pj.ks izLrqrL;
iz'uL; mÙkja izkI;rsA
prqFkZizgsfydk;k% mÙkje~ & ukfjosQyiQye~A
i×peizgsfydk;k% mÙkje~ & izFke&izgsfydkor~A

'kCnkFkkZ%

gfUr & ekjrk@ekjrh gS

dkrj% & detksj
lhefUruh"kq & ukfj;ksa esa
dks¿Hkwr~ (d%$vHkwr~) & dkSu gqvk
l×t?kku & ekjk
oaQl×t?kku (oaQla$t?kku) & oaQl dks ekjk
'khryokfguh & BaMh /kjk okyh
dk'khryokfguh & dk'kh dh Hkwfe ij cgus okyh
izgsfydk% 103
 nkjiks"k.kjrk% & iRuh osQ iks"k.k esa layXu
osQnkjiks"k.kjrk% & [ksr osQ dk;Z esa layXu
oaQcyoUre~ & og O;fDr ftlosQ ikl oaQcy gS
o`{kkxzoklh & isM+ osQ mQij jgus okyk
(o`{k$vxzoklh)
if{kjkt% & if{k;ksa dk jktk (x#M+)
f=kus=k/kjh & rhu us=kksa okyk (f'ko)
'kwyikf.k% & ftuosQ gkFk esa f=k'kwy gS ('kadj)
Rox~ & Ropk] Nky
fcHkzu~ & /kj.k djrk gqvk
fo".kqine~ & LoxZ] eks{k
rØe~ & NkN] eBk
'kØL; & bUnz dk

vH;kl%
1- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lhefUruh"kq dk ------------------ jktk -------------------- xq.kksÙke%A
([k) oaQ l×t?kku ------------------ dk ------------------------------ xÄõk\
(x) osQ -------------------------- oaQ ---------------------- u ckèkrs 'khre~AA
(?k) o`{kkxzoklh u p ------------------- ------------------ u p 'kwyikf.k%A
2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d [k
¯d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;q¼s v=kSoksDra u cqè;rsA
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU?kk rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~A
oaQ l×t?kku Ñ".k% e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rsA
dFka fo".kqina izkDs ra dk'khryokfguh xÄõkA
#fpjk
104 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
3- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka u bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& ¯lg% dfj.kka oqQya gfUrA vke~

(d) dkrjks ;q¼s ;qnè~ ;rsA

([k) dLrwjh e`xkr~ tk;rsA

(x) e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rsA

(?k) oaQl% t?kku Ñ".ke~A

(Ä) rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~A

(p) t;Ur% Ñ".kL; iq=k%A

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄõa foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&

inkfu fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk&dfj.kke~ iq¡fYyÄõe~ "k"Bh cgqopue~
dLrwjh ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

;q¼s ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

lhefUruh"kq ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

cyoUre~ ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

'kwyikf.k% ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

'kØL; ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

izgsfydk% 105
5- dks"BdkUrxZrkuka inkukeqi;qDrfoHkfDriz;ksxus vuqPNsna iwj;r&
,d% dkd% ---------------- (vkdk'k) M;eku% vklhr~A r`"kkrZ% l% ---------------- (ty)
vUos"k.ka djksfrA rnk l% ---------------- (?kV) vYia ---------------- (ty) i';frA
l% ---------------- (miy) vkuh; ---------------- (?kV) ikr;frA tya ----------------
(?kV) mifj vkxPNfrA ---------------- (dkd) lkuUna tya ihRok r`I;frA

;ksX;rk&foLrkj%

izLrqr ikB esa nh x;h igsfy;ksa osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; igsfy;k¡ v/ksfyf[kr gSaA
mUgsa i<+dj Lo;a le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa vkSj Kkuo/Zu djsa ;fn u le> ik;sa rks
mÙkj ns[ksaA
(d) pØh f=k'kwyh u gjks u fo".kq%A
egku~ cfy"Bks u p Hkhelsu%A
LoPNUnxkeh u p ukjnks¿fi
lhrkfo;ksxh u p jkepUnz%AA
([k) u rL;kfnuZ rL;kUr% eè;s ;LrL; fr"BfrA
rokI;fLr eekI;fLr ;fn tkukfl rn~onAA
(x) vinks nwjxkeh p lk{kjks u p if.Mr%A
veq[k% LiqQVoDrk p ;ks tkukfr l if.Mr%AA
mÙkj&(d) o`"kHk%] ([k) u;ue~] (x) i=ke~

#fpjk
106 r`rh;ks Hkkx%