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• Practice Test A

Section 1
Section 2
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21

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Section 3 29
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f: Practice TeitA 9
II. TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Practice Test A
Answer Sheet - Horizontal Format
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10 Practice Telt A
 Section 1
Listening Comprehe.,sion

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to
understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section
with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is
stated or implied by the speakers in this test. When you take the actual TOEFL test,
you will not be allowed to take notes or write in your test book. Try to work on
Practice Test A in the same way.

Part A

Directions: In Part A, you will hear short cqnversations between two people. After
each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations
and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible
answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find
the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
Sample Answer
On the recording, you hear:
.CD<I:)~

In your test book, you read: (A) He doesn't like the painting either.
(B) He doesn't know how to paint.
(C) He doesn't have any paintings.
(0) He doesn't know what to do.

You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the .
painting. The best answer to the question "What does the man mean?" is (A), "He
doesn't like the painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is (A).

Practice Test A 11
 II] II] IT] IT] II) ,IT]
1. (A) The woman should check the
bus schedule.
(B) The buses stop running on
Fridays.
(C) The bus doesn't stop at the
comer.
(D) The schedule on the comer is
out-of-date.
2. (A) Make some tea for the man.
(B) Take the man to see a doctor.
(C) Ask the man's mother to come
over.
(D) Look up a recipe- for chicken
soup.
3. (A) She finished packing a half
hour ago.
(B) The man should get ready
quickly.
(C) She'll meet the man at the
, airport.
(D) The man doesn't like to travel.
4. (A) She's too busy to have dinner
with the man this month.
(B) She doesn't know her new
schedule yet.
(C) She'll go to dinner with the
man on Monday.
(D) She doesn't want to cook
dinner.
-5. (A) He ~ed home without any
s~ds.
(B) He brought home some
vegetables.
(C) He forgot to stop at the
nursery.
(D) He bought the wrong seeds.
12 Practice Test A
m
6. (A) He's already completed the
program.
(B) He doesn't know the nurse's
phone number.
(C) He doesn't have time to call.
(D) ~e'd like to get additional
information.
7. (A) Get the woman another carton
of eggs.
(B) Give the woman a refund.
(C) Clean up the floor.
(D) Tell the woman where she can
find the eggs.
8. (A) Go to bed earlier.
(B) Wake up earlierin the
morning.
(C) Register for later classes.
(D) Use an alarm clock to wake up.
9. (A) Give her a new suitcase.
(B) Give her store credit.
(C) Fix her suitcase.
(D) Give her a refund.
10. (A) She doesn't agree with the
man. ,
(B) She wants the man's opinion.
(C) The man is overqualified.
(D) The man shouldn't react so
strongly.
 •
11. (A) He needs some change.
(B) He seldom counts his money.
(C) He doesn't have that much
cash.
(D) He owes the women fifty
dollars.
12. (A) He'll take work with him on
his vacation.
(B) Work stacked up while he
was on vacation.
(C) He has too much work'to do.
(D) He's already made his
vacation plans.
13. (A) He's already been picked up.
(B) He got delayed at the airport.
(C) He'll be standing outside.
(D) He'll be easy to recognize.
14. (A) He drank too much coffee.
(B) He thinks the stain can be
removed.
(C) He'll clean the shirt himself.
(D) He's wtJrried about his shirt.
15. (A) He still has a lot to do.
(B) He has to wait a while before
he buys a house.
(C) He hasn't been able to sell his
house.
(D) He appreciates the woman's
help.
Practice Test A 13
16. (A) She's studying for a physics
exam.
(B) She's planning her class
schedule.
(C) She has a degree in
astrophysics.
(D) She plans to graduate this year.
17. (A) She doesn't like bowling.
(B) She probably won't be able
to go.
(C) She'll go bowling with Dennis
next week.
(0) She'll help Dennis with his
project this weekend.
18. (A) He'd like to ride with the
~ woman.
(B) He'll try to get a ride with
someone else.
(C) He already has a ride.
(0) His car has already been fixed.
19. (A) The museum might be closed
before they arrive.
(B) They should find a different
way to get to the museum.
(C) He won't be able to go with
the woman.
(0) It isn't worth getting upset
about the delay.
20. (A) Ten minutes is a long time for
spaghetti to cook.
~B) She'll tell the man when the
time is up.
(C) She doesn'twant to have
spaghetti for dinner.
(0) The man should start the
spaghetti in ten minutes.
 21. (A) The man's paper was due last
week.
(B) The man has a lot of work
to do.
(C) She'll help the man with his
paper.
(0) The library is closed on
weekends.
22. (A) She'd rather not go to the late
show.
(B) She'll miss the rehearsal
because she is sick.
(C) She's too tired to go to the
concert.
(D) She wishes the man had fewer
rehearsals.
23. (A) The gym is always very
crowded.
(B) The gym offers many different
acti vities.
(C) He doesn't know how late the
gym stays open.
(D) The number of people in the
gym vanes.
24. (A) Gloria hasn't been with the
company very long.
(B) Gloria got her promotion after
only a year.
(C) Gloria hasn't gotten what she
dese;ved.
(D) Gloria earned her promotion.
25. (A) Most people don't like it.
(B) Some people aren't
enthusiastic about it.
(C) The enthusiasm people feel
will soon disappear.
(D) She'll take it next semester.
14 Practice Test.A
26. (A) Anyone would have difficulty
without directions.
(B) It was surprising that the store
provided a manual.
(C) Mike expected the bike to be
assembled at the store.
(D) Mike couldn't understand the
instructions.
27. (A) He knows how to use the
camera.
(B) He's a professional
photographer.
(C) He isn't sure he knows how
the camera works.
(D) He has used the woman's
camera before.
28. (A) Nancy wouldn't send a
thank-you note.
(B) Nancy hadn't received the
scarf.
(C). Nancy wouldn't like the gift.
(D) Nancy doesn't wear scarves.
29. (A) The car is dependable.
(B) The car isn't very old.
(C) This car is better than his old
one.
(D) He paid too much for the car.
30. (A) She should have bought a new
book bag earlier.
(B) She wanted to buy the new
statistics book.
(C) She spends money
extravagantly.
(D) She lost her new book bag.
.'" [TI[Il IT1m m m m
Part B

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each
conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will
not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your book and choose the
best answer: Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in. '
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Remember. you should Dot take ?ote~ or write on your test pages. '. , ~...•. '

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Practice Test A 15
31. (A) The zoo has built a rookery 35. (A) A comparison of unconscious
there. behavior patterns.
(B) He's writing a book about (B) Recent trends in psychology.
penguins. (C) Reasons for cenain behavior
(C) He's interested in seeing a problems.
certain species. . (D) Causes of anxiety.
(D) It has recently been renovated.
36. (A) He feels angry.
32. (A) It lives near the equator. (B) He wants attention.
(B) It is able to fly. (C) He's too quiet.
(C) It lays its eggs underwater. (D) He's very nervous.
(D) It is the largest kind of
penguin. 37. (A) He's late for social occasions
but not for work.
33. (A) They have no feathers. (B) He's a quiet person but likes
(B) They are used for swimming. to make grand entrances.
(C) They differ on males and (C) He expects others to be on .
females. time but is usually late
(D) They are present only on himself.
certain species. (D) He loses pay for being late to
work but doesn't seem to .
34. (A) He keeps the egg warm. mind.
(B) He builds a nest for the egg.
(C) He defends the colony. 38. (A) Trying to get Mark to talk
(D) He gathers food for the about his problem.
female. (B) Helping Mark relax and be
more comfonable in a
group.
(C) Waiting fifteen minutes and
then leaving without Mark.
(D) Telling Mark to come earlier
than the planned meeting
time.

18 PractlcI Tlst A
 Part C

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk,
you will hear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
On the recording, you hear:

Now listen to a sample question. Sample Answer

In your test book, you read:
<E><B:>.<ll)
(A) To demonstrate the latest use of computer
graphics.
(B) To discuss the possibility of an economic
depression.
(C) To explain the workings of the brain.
(0) To dramatize a famous mystery story.

The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?" is
(C), "To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).

Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer

<E><B:><O.

In your test book, you read:
(A) It is required of all science. majors.
(B) It will never be shown again.
(C) It can help viewers improve their memory
skills. .
(D) It will help with course work.

The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the
program?" is (D), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).
Remember, you should not take notes or write on your test pages.

Practice Telt A 11
8
 mmmlIlmmm
39. (A) Whether it is necessary to put
labels on prepared foods.
(B) What the daily requirements
for certain nutrients . (C) To discuss problems faced by
should be.
(C) How to get consumers to read
label$ more carefully.
(D) What information food
manufacturers should
provide to consumers.
40. (A) To demonstrate that current
consumer trends are stable.
(B) To compare current consumer
trends to those of the past.
(C) To indicate that most
consumers actively research
the products they buy.
(D) To show that there has been a
decrease in consumer
awareness.
41. (A) Stricter standards for food
• preparation.
(B) More detailed labels on food.
(C) Removing certain foods from
the market.
(D) Regular testing of food
products.
42. (A) They were unable to
comprehend a label without
percentages.
(B) They preferred more basic
labeling.
(C) They were unwilling to do
simple arithmetic.
(D) They thought the language on
labels was too technical.
18 Practice Telt A
43. (A) To describe a college training
program.
(B) To recruit people for a job.
the airline industry.
(D) To describe a recent trip.
44. (A) A four-year college degree.
(B) Letters ofreference.
(C) Extensive travel experience.
(D) Experience working with the
public.
45. (A) Psychology.
(B) World history.
(C) Modem languages.
(0) Geography.
46. (A) To introduce the next speaker.
(B) To explain her previous job.
(C) To describe some of the skills
flight attendants need.
(D) To describe the background
needed by applicants.
47. (A) The high salary.
(B) The free college tuition.
(C) The chance to meet people.
(0) Th~ opportunity for
advancement.
48. (A) By categorizing the world's
climate.
(B) By defining the term "climate."
(C) By summarizing the previous
lecture.
(0) ~y referring to the weather
map.
SO. (A) Computer models are
inadequate.
(B) Climate changes too quickly.
(C) Instruments for collecting
field samples are not reliable.
(D) Metegrologists cannot agree
on key terms.

49. (A) The releasing of heat from the

Earth's core by volcanoes.
(B) The amount of energy used by
different countries around
the world.
(C) The rate at which sunlight is
converted to heat by the
Earth.
(0) The amount of fossil fuels
stored in the Earth.

This is the end of Section 1.

Stop work on Section 1 now.

Tum off your cassette player.

8888888
Read the directions for Section 2 and begin work.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test
during the next 25 minutes. .

Practice Telt A 19
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 Section 2

•
Structure and
Written Expression
Time: 2S minute. (Including the reading of the direction.)
Now set your clock for 25 minute ••

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is

appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type.
Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you
will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (0). Choose the one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be
seen.

Sample Answer
Example I
<D.~<Jl)
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes -------
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(0) regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should
choose (B).
Sample Answer
Example II
<D(J)~.
During the early period of ocean navigation, ------
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) when there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should
choose (0).
Now begin work on the questions.

Practice Telt A 21
 1. ------- is helping to break new
ground in drug research.
.(A) Computers are being used
more if
(B) The increasing use of the
computer
(C) If an increase in the use of
the computer
(D) Computers are being used
more
2. An elephant ------ vigorously
when it is overheated.
(A) flapping its ears
(B) its ears flap
(C) flaps its ears
(D) ears flap it
3. Broadway musical comedy has
been called ------- of the United
States to modern theater.
(A) the major contribution that
(B) what is the major contribution
(C) the major contribution
(D) to the major contribution
8.' Recent engineering developments
4. ------- in 1968 as a nonprofit
agency to finance the growth .
of noncommercial radio and
television in the United StateS.
(A) The Corporation for Public
Broadcasting established
(B) The Corporation for Public
Broadcasting was established
(C) When the Corporation for
Public Broadcasting was
established
(D) Even though the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting was
established
22 "Ietlce Tilt A
5. Cold temperatures, short growing
seasons, and heavy snows prevent
------ at high elevations .
(A) grow trees
(B) the growth of trees
(C) trees are growing
(D) and growth of trees
6. Usually, the more skilled an athlete
------- the more effortless the
athlete's movements appear to be.
(A) what is
(B) that is
(C) that it is
(D) is
7. Trilobites, a group of spineless
animals, flourished in the oceans
for several hundred million years
------- some 200 million years ago.
(A) until they became extinct
(B) and their extinction
(C) that were extinct
(D) because their extinction
have made ------ to recycle plastic
soda bottles into polyester fabric.
(A) possible, and
(B). it is possible
(C) the possible
(D) it possible
9. -------, bottle-nosed dolphins 13. ------, the hummingbird gets its
become talented performers at name from the sound that its
many aquariums. wings make dllring flight
(A) When to train (A) Has a brilliant color
(B) Are training (B) The brilliant color
(C) When trained (C) Which is brilliantly colored
(0) To train them (D) Brilliantly colored

10. The art of the 1970' s was 14. Except for the Sun, all stars are
characterized by diversity and by too far from the Earth for their
the independence of artists ----- distances ------ in miles or
main affinities were more often kilometerS.
sociopolitical than stylistic. (A) to be conveniently measured
(A) whose (B) which conveniently measured
(B) that (C) to measure conveniently
(C) they have (0) conveniently measured
(0) of which
15. Many technological innovations,
II. Flower oils are ------ of the such as the telephone, ------- the
ingredients used in making result of sudden bursts of
perfume. inspiration in fact were preceded
by many inconclusive efforts.
(A) among expensive
(B) among the most expensive (A) whose appearance
(C) being most expensive (B) that appear to be
(0) expensive (C) and appear to be
(0) are appearing
12. A quilt that looks ordinary -~----
may become a work of abstract art
when it is hung on a white wall.
(A) lying on a bed
(B) lies on a bed
(C) to be lying on a bed
(0) to lie on a bed

Pr.ctlcl TI.t A '23 .

 /

Written Expression
Directions: In questions '16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or
phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the
sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

ExampleI , Sample Answer

.•. .', •• <J) (C):$
Guppies are sometimes _call rainbow fish because of
',A B ",C ''C,''
-,themales', bright colors. I (A ~'- , ;-

D- I' ....
..•. \".; ~. 1

The sentence should read, '~Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because j
of the males' bright colors." Therefore, you should choose (A). /_,',,- I,;

{\. 'v -~~,,: .~~

Examplell - '. Sample Answer \ ;
. ~.Serving several te~_in C~mgress, Shirley Chisholm" - -.! @ '. ~--<JP
~ ~ "'t

. A- B -_~.,.
'''it'll':'::;>;': tA;
became an important ,United ~tates politician ~ 1'.(, ,"
n
J ' . C 1;, I-\. D •. ,. ~
r I .' _',' 'd~
The sentence should read, !~Servingseveral terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became
an important United States politician." Therefore, you shQuld choose (B):. J!il: •• ' ~-
Now begin work on the questions. .", ;-',,- 1;':; .• l ,1. r
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16. Corporations, companies owned by much stockholders rather than by a single
ABC
proprietor, began to play an important economic role in the late nineteenth century.
D

17. Diamonds have the unique ability to allow the passage of ~ infrared and
ABC
visible light.
D
18. Gilbert Newton Lewis, ! chemist, helped to develop the modem electron theory
A B
of valence, a theory what explains the forces holding ~toms together in molecules.
C D
19. The first ~ governor in United States history ~ Nellie Tayloe Ross,
A B
who was elected governor of Wyoming in 1925.
C D
20. Because of a high birthrate and considerable immigration, the United States
A B
population in the late nineteenth century increased tremendously i!!!2 31 million
C D
in 1860 to 76 million in 1900.

21. In laboratory experiments, an investigator often begins by work out different

A B
conditions for two groups of subjects.
C D
22. In Florida, when the temperature drops below freezing, citrus growers keep young
A B
~ warm by constantly showering them with water.
C D
23. The pitch of a musical instrument is defined ~ the relative highness or low of
ABC
the sound it produces.
D
24. The delicious of chocolate depends not only on the quality of the cacao but also
ABC
on a """pi", ~. of grinding. hnotin~ ••• b'erub"•••••.

Practice Test A 25
eeeeeef)e
25. Scientists havefound that occasional exposure to bright light can be help a person
A. B
get use9 to working the night shift.
C D

26. Rocks have fonning, wearing away and re-forming ever since the Earth took
ABC D
shape.

27. For most of their history, especially since the 1860's, New York City has been
ABC
undergoing major ethnic population changes.
D

28. The dramatic first-floor gallery ~ New Britain Museum of American Art
A B
is devoted to Thomas Benton's series of five oversized mural.
C D
29. Although coloris!.l!!!!!.2!: factor in soil composition, it is excellent characteristic
ABC
by which to distinguish different soil layers.
D
30. Eagles are predatory birds that have large, heavy, ~ bills and strong, sharp
ABC
claws called as "talons."
D

31. Cotton is one of the most popular f!2!:! used to make clothes.
ABC D

32. Turreted mansions decorated with elaborate wooden ornamentation ~ a

ABC
mark of wealthy and elegance in the United States in the late nineteenth century.
D

33. Most of our ideas of ~ ancient people looke(l !!!.2..dressed come from the
ABC
works of Renaissance artists. .
D

28 Practlci Tilt"
eeeeeeee
.34. Plants require much ~ !!!2ill in cold weather !h!!! in warm weather.
ABC D
35. All nations may have to make fundamental changes in their economic, political,
A B
and the technological institutions if they are to preserve the environment.
C D
36. Massachusetts was first explored in the late sixteenth and ear!r seventeenth
A B
centuries, and the first permanent settlement at Plymouth in 1620.
C D
37. Sarah Vaughan had a voice like a perfect instrument, and it was ~ instrument
A B
that she knew how to use it with the ~ skill.
C D
38. During early nineteenth century, the building of canals and railroads
A B
strengthened the state oflndiana's links ~ the eastern United States.
C D
39. Maryland, even though a southern state, remained loyalty to the Union during
ABC D
the Civil War.

40. A monsoon is an enormous cycle of air ~ in motion by differences temperature

ABC
~ land and sea.
D

This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish in less than 25 minutes, check your work on Section 2 only.

Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.

Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

Practice Test A 27
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28 Practice Test A
 Section 3
Reading Comprehension
Ti•••• : 55 minut•• (including the •.•• ding of the directions)
Now s.t your clock for 55 minut.s.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by
several questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer,
(A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your 'answer sheet, find the number
of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in
that passage.
Read the following passage:
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to
draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants
have set out their wares at daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated,
Line people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day. The
(5) value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic:
the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in
fits and starts; the very fabric of modem society would begin to unravel. .
Example I Sample Answer
What is the main idea of the passage? <E> <B:> • <ID
(A) In modem society we must make more time
for our neighbors.
(B) The traditions of society are timeless.
(C) An accepted way of measuring time is essential
for the smooth functioning of society.
(D) Society judges people by the times at which
they conduct certain activities.
The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be
measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C).
Example II Sample Answer
In line 5, the phrase "this tradition" refers to <E> <B:> ~ •
(A) the practiGe of starting the business day at dawn
(B) friendly relations between neighbors
(C) the railroad's reliance on time schedules
(0) people's agreement on the measurement of time
The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough
agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day." Therefore, you should choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions.

Practice Test A 29
 Questions 1-10

The growth of cities, the construction of hundreds of new factories, and the spread of
railroads in the United States before 1850 had increased the need for better illumination.
But the lighting in American homes had improved very little over that of ancient times.
Line Through the colonial period, homes were lit with tallow candles or with a lamp of the
(5) \dnd used in ancient Rome - a di$ of fish oil or other animal or vegetable oil in which
a twisted rag served as a wick. Some people used lard, but they had to heat charcoal
underneath to keep it soft and burnable. The sperm whale provided a superior burning
oil, but this was expensive. In 1830 a new substance called "camphene" was patented,
and it proved to be an excellent illuminant. But while camphene gave a bright light it
(10) too remained expensive, had an unpleasant odor, and also was dangerously explosive.
Between 1830 and 1850 it seemed that the only hope for cheaper illumination in the
United States was in the wider use of gas. In the 1840's American gas manufacturers
adopted improved British techniques for producing illuminating gas from coal. But the
expense of piping gas to the consumer remained so high that until midcentury gaslighting
(15) was feasible only in urban areas, and only for public buildings or for the wealthy.
In 1854 a Canadian doctor, Abraham Gesner, patented a process for distilling a
pitchlike mineral found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that produced illuminating
gas and an oil that he called "kerosene" (from "kerns," the Greek word for wax, and
"ene" because it resembled camphene). Kerosene, though cheaper than camphene,
(20) had an unpleasant odor, and Gesner never made his fortune from it. But Gesner had
aroused a new hope for making an illuminating oil from a product coming out of
North American mines.

1. Which of the following is NOT 3. Theword ''this'' in line 8 refers to

mentioned as a reason why better (A)lard
lighting had become necessary by (B)charcoal
the mid-nineteenth century? (C)wick
(A) Development of railroads (0)oil
(B) Demand for better medical
facilities 4. Which of the following is NOT
(C) Increases in the number of mentioned as a disadvantage of
new factories camphene?
(0) Growth of cities (A) High cost
(B) Bad smell
2. The phrase "served as" in line 6 is (C) Potential to explode
closest in meaning to (0) Greasy texture
(A) differed from
(B) functioned as
(C) rested upon
(0) reacted to

30 Practice Test A
5. What can be inferred about the 8. The word "it" in line 20 refers to
illuminating gas described in the (A) fortune
second paragraph? (B) odor -
(A) It was first developed in the (C) camphene
United States. (D) kerosene
(B) It was not allowed to be used
in public buildings. 9. Which of the following best
(C) It was not widely available describes the organization of the
until midcentury. . passage?
(D) It had an unpleasant smell. (A) A description of events in
chronological order
6. The word "resembled" in line 19 (B) A comparison of two events
is closest in meaning to (C) The statement of a theory and
(A) was similar to possible explanations
(B) cost the same as (D) An analysis of scientific
(C) was made from findings
(D) sounded like
10. Where in the passage does the
7. According to the passage, what author mention the origin of a
advantage did the kerosene word?
patented by Gesner have over (A) Lines 4-6 ,
camphene? (B) Lines 7-8
(A) Kerosene had a more pleasant (C) Lines 12-13
smell. (D) Lines 16-19
(B) Kerosene was less expensive.
(C) Kerosene burned more
brightly.
(D) Kerosene was safer to use.

Practice Test A 31
 Questions 11.21

The penny press, which emerged in the United States during the 1830's, waS a
powerful agent of mass communication. These newspapers were little dailies, generally
four pages in length, written for the mass taste. They differed from the staid, formal
line presentation of the conservative press, with its emphasis on political and literary topics.
(5) The new papers were brief and cheap, emphasizing sensational reports of police courts
and juicy scandals as well as human interest stories. Twentieth-century journalism was
already foreshadowed in the penny press of the 1830's.
The New York Sun, founded in 1833, was the first sil'ccessful penny paper, and it
was followed two years later by the New York Herald, published by James Gordon
(10) Bennett. Not long after, Horace Greeley issued the New York Tribune, which was
destined to become the most influential paper in America. Greeley gave space to th~
issues that deeply touched the American people before the Civil War- abolitionism,
temperance, free homesteads, Utopian cooperative settlements, and the problems of
labor. The weekly edition of the Tribune, with 100,000 subscribers, had a remarkable
(15) influence in rural areas, especially in Western communities. .
Americans were reputed to be the most avid readers of periodicals in the world. An
English observer enviously calculated that, in 1829, the number of newspapers circulated
in Great Britain was enough to reach only one out of every thirty-six inhabitants weekly;
Pennsylvania in that same year had a newspaper circulation which reached one out of
(20) every four inhabitants weekly. Statistics seemed to justify the common belief that
Americans were devoted to periodicals. Newspapers in the United States increased from
1,200 in 1833 to 3,000 by the early 1860's, on the eve of the Civil War. This far exceeded
the number and circulation of newspapers in England and France.

11. What is the author's main point in
the first paragraph?
(A) The penny press was modeled
on earlier papers.
(B) The press in the nineteenth
century reached only a small
proportion of the population.
(C) The penny press became an
important way of
disseminating information
in the first half of the
nineteenth century.
(0) The penny press focused
mainly on analysis of
politics.
12. What does the author mean by the
statement in lines 6-7 that
twentieth-century journalism was
foreshadowed by the penny press?
(A) The penny press darkened the
reputation of newswriting.
(B) Twentieth-century journalism
is more important than
nineteenth-century
journalism.
(C) Penny-press news reporting
was more accurate than that
in twentieth-century
newspapers.
(D) Modem news coverage is
similar to that done by the
penny press.

32 Pracllce TeSI A
13. Which of the following would
LEAST likely be in a penny-press
paper?
(A) A report of theft of union
funds by company officials
(B) An article about a little girl
returning a large amount of
money she found in the
street
(C) A scholarly analysis of an
economic issue of national
importance
(0) A story about land being
given away in the West
14. Theword "it" in line 8 refers to
(A)the Np.w York Sun
(B)the New York Herald
(C)America
(0) the Civil War
15. Who was Horace Greeley (line 10)?
(A) The publisher of the first
penny-press paper to make a
profit
(B) The founder of the penny-
press paper that did the
most to influence the
thinking of the public
(C) The most successful writer for
the p(;nny press
(0) The man who took over
James Gordon Bennett's
penny-press paper and made
it successful
16. The word "remarkable" in line 14
is closest in meaning to
(A) significant
(B) discussable
17. The word "avid" in line 16 is
closest in meaning to
(A) intelligent
(B) eager
(C) critical
(D) thrifty
18. The figures concerning newspaper
circulation in Pennsylvania in
1829 are relevant because they
(A) explain why so many different
periodicals were published
(B) prove that weekly periodicals
were more successful than
daily papers
(C) show the difference between
reading habits before and
after the Civil War
(0) support the belief that
Americans were
enthusiastic readers of
periodicals
19. The word "justify" in line 20 is
closest in meaning to
.(A) generate
(B) calculate
(C) modify
(D) prove
20. The third paragraph; s developed
primarily by means of
(A) descriptions
(B) contrasts
(C) ordering events in time
sequence
(0) analysis of a process
21. It can be inferred that penny-press
newspapers were all of the
following EXCEPT

•.•
(A) inexpensive
(C) remote
(B) informal
(0) uneven
(C) profitable

~)~

Practice Test A 33
 Questions 22-34

Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with
smooth, gray-green bark:found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States.
After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the
Line hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks.
(5) A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity,
is what counts in hummingbird reproduction. .
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view,
a clear flight .path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding
territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females
(10) coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest
is unguarded. While the smooth bark:of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for
the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay,
are more likely.
• The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also
(IS) on what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually
close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are
features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger tha,n a
halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down,
decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark: held together
(20) with more strands of spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which
each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two
chicks.

22. What aspect of broad-tailed 24. The word "counts" in line 6 is

hummingbird behavior does the closest in meaning to
passage mainly discuss? (A) weighs
(A) Migration routes (B) estimates
(B) Mating habits (C) matters
(C) CarinJ for the young (D) numbers
(0) Selection of nest sites
25. The word "clear" in line 8 is
23. According to the passage, in what closest in meaning to
circumstances do hummingbirds (A) bright
build a second nest? (B) exact
(A) If the winter is unusually (e) unobstructed
warm (0) transparent
(B) If the chicks in the first nest
hatch early
(C) If there is an unusually large
supply of food
(0) If the eggs are destroyed early
in the season

34 Practice Test A
26. The word "they" in line 9 refers to 29. Which of the following would be a
good location for a broad-tailed
(A) male hummingbirds
hummingbird to build its nest?
(B) territories
(C) meadows (A) A branch near the top of a tree
(0) females (B) The longest branch of a tree
(C) A thick branch
27. According to the passage, which (0) A protected branch
of the following is true of the male
broad-tailed hummingbird? 30. The word "Scarcely" in line 17 is
closest in meaning to
(A) It finds food for the female
and the chicks. (A) obviously
(B) It protects the nest while the (B) barely
female searches for food. (C) consistently
(C) It is not involved in caring for (0) needlessly
the chicks.
(0) It shares neSting duties 31. Which of the following was NOT
equally with the female. mentioned in the passage as a
nest-building material of the
28. It can be inferred from the passage broad-tailed hummingbird?
that the broad-tailed (A) Paper
hummingbirds' eggs and chicks (B) Plant down
are most vulnerable to attacks by (C) Spiderwebs
(A) insects (0) Tree bark
(B) humans
(C) birds
(0) squirrels

The questions for this passage

continue on the next page.

PPlctlcl TI.t A 3&

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The following questions are based on
•" '" ;"n ';;;"thepassage on page 34:"'''' ' " :;:.:",
"",1- ;:-~''1""f,,.;:-.t::J.'" '::"'F-".~J- .;..\ .?'."r-"'-'f' : ..•.
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32.''rheauthor,coinpares.the,sizeo.f 34. Where in the passagedoes'the
"the brolid~tailed Jlummingbii-d~s author mendon the number of
nestto.. .~':'.'~ ~ ':':./ ,\~l .eggs generally found in the nests
(A) a pe~"'" ,1'''')'' ':?fDro~d:J#~ed hu~mingbii-ds'?l
.; (B) a golf baiL,,; 7" '-C"" cr /.:. (A) Line,5,rC';'T,' ;," .
(C) a spiderweb If" , (B),Lines)O-ll".. .\ \
(D) an egg _, (C) Lines'15-1 T ",
,.. ,; (D) Lines 20~22 ,:.'..~~~"
33. According to the passag~~rhoy,,' ..• ".. ,~. . <, ". • ,;;

long does it take'for'b~~d.:"tailed ~:~::1-,~;}c ~ '1

, hummingbird eggs<i6'Iilitch'?"" ~.~; c,'; ,~. -:J. ,~~' ,., J,

.,
;-.(A)Les~tJ1an a,\yeek, .' ,"V ,Ii "'J.", . "
(B) ;:Tw~Jo.three,weeks, r., ,~.:, ;••~k)' >; ~
(ChOne,month '!i 6:"t'""Ll~,::r:
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PPl!c:11ceTell A 37
 Questions 35-40

The ice sheet that blanketed much of North America during the last glaciation was
in the areas of maximum accumulation more than a mile thick. Everywhere the glacier
lay, its work is evident today. Valleys were scooped out and rounded by the moving ice;
Line peaks were scraped clean. Huge quantities of rock were tom from the northern lands
(5) and carried south. Long, high east-west ridges of this eroded debris were deposited by
the ice at its melting southern margin. Furthermore, the weight of the huge mass of ice
depressed the crust of the Earth in some parts of Canada by over a thousand feet. The
crust is still rebounding from that depression.
In North America. perhaps the most conspicuous features of the postglacial landscape
(10) are the Great Lakes on the border between the United States and Canada No other large
freshwater body lies at such favorable latitudes. The history of the making of these
lakes is long and complex.
As the continental ice sheet pushed down from its primary centers of accumulation in
Canada. it moved forward in lobes of ice that followed the existing lowlands. Before the
(IS) coming ofthe ice, the basins of the present Great Lakes were simply the lowest-lying
regions of a gently undulating plain. The moving tongues of ice scoured and deepened
these lowlands as the glacier made its way toward its eventual terminus near the
present Ohio and Missouri rivers. ,
About 16,000 years ago the ice sheet stood for a long time with its edge just to the
(20) south of the present great Lakes. Erosional debris carried by the moving ice was dumped
at the melting southern edge Of the glacier and built up long ridges called terminal
moraines. When the ice began to melt back from this position about 14,000 years ago,
meltwater collected behind the dams formed by the moraines. The crust behind the
moraines was still depressed from the weight of the ice it had borne, and this too helped
(25) create the Great Lakes. The first of these lakes draihed southward across Illinois and
Indiana, along the channels of the present Illinois and Wabash rivers.

35. With what topic is the passage 36. The glaciers discussed in this
primarily concerned? passage traveled
(A) The fonnation of the Great (A) north to south
Lakes (B) south to north
(B) How geographical structures (C) east to west
develop (D) west to east
(C) Damage done by the last ice
age
(D) How the last ice age
developed

80 PrIlCllcCITool 11
 37, The word "its" in line 6 refers to 39. In line II, the word "lies" could
best be replaced by which of the
(A) margin following?
(B) ice .
(C) rock' (A) reclines ..
(D) valley (B) is located
(C) originates
38. According to the passage, the (I) expands
weight of the ice had its greatest
direct effect upon the continent's , 40; According to the passage, ;at the
• time of glacial movement the
(A) crust . , basins of the .present Great Lakes
.. (B) plain were
(C) rivers
(D) peaks (A) low-lying
(B) small
.. \
(C) hiliy '•
(D) flat

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Prlctlce Telt A' 89

 Questions 41-50

In the two decades between 1929 and 1949, sculpture in the United States sustained
what was probably the greatest expansion in sheer technique to occur in many centuries.
There was, first of all, the incorporation of welding into sculptural practice, with the
Line result that it was possible to fonn a new kind of metal object. For sculptors working
(5) with metal, earlier restricted to the dense solidity of the bronze cast, it was possible to
add a type of work assembled from paper-thin metal sheets or sinuously curved rods.
Sculpture could take the. fonn of a linear, two-dimensional frame and stilI remain
physically self-supponing. Along with the innovation of welding came a correlative
depanure: freestanding sculpture that was shockingly flat.
(10) Yet another technical expansion of the options for sculpture appeared in the guise of
motion. The individual pans of a sculpture were no longer understood as necessarily
fixed in relation to one another, but could be made to change position within a work
constructed as a moving object. Motorizing the sculpture was only one of many
possibilities taken up in the 1930's. Other strategies for getting the work to move
(15) involveri structuring it in such.a way that external forces, like air movements or the
touch of a viewer, could initiate motion. Movement brought with it a new attitude .
toward the issue of sculptural unity: a work might be made of widely diverse and
even discordant elements; their fonnal unity would be achieved through the arc of a
panicular motion completing itself through time. .
(20) Like the use of welding and movement, the third of these major technical expansions
to develop in the 1930's and 1940's addressed the issues of sculptural materials and .
sculptural unity. But its medium for doing so was the found object, an item not intendecl
for use in a piece of anwork, such as a newspaper or metal pipe. To create a sculpture by
asseml:!ling parts that had been fabricated originally for a quite different context did not
(25) necessarily involve a new technology. But it did mean a change in sculptural practice,
for it raised the possibility that making sculpture might involve more a conceptual shift
than a physical transformation of the material from which it is composed.

41. The word "innovation" in line 8 is 42. It could be inferred that between
closest in meaning to 1929 and 1949 sculptors changed
(A) limitation in what way?
(B) imponant concept (A) They depended less on patrons
(C) use to finance their work.
(D) .new idea (B) They were less imaginative in
their designs.
(C) They exhibited sculpture more
often outside than in
galleries.
(D) They used a wider variety of
materials and techniques.

40 PrlctlceTeltA
43. It can be inferred that which of the 47. The word "diverse" in line 17 is
following happened when sculptors closest in meaning to
began to use welding as a (A) dissimilar
technique? (B) unappealing
(A) Some sculpture became lighter (C) unreliable
and thinner. (D) distinctive
(B) Sculpture became more
expensive to create. 48. What is the main idea of the third
(C) Sculptors took more time to paragraph?
complete their work. (A) Found objects make
(D) Sculpture became more unattraCtive sculptures.
ornate. (B) Sculptors looked for found
objects in ga,rbage cans.
44. The word "initiate" in line 16 is (C) The use of found objects
closest in meaning to changed the way sculpture
(A) cause is create<\.
(D) Sculptors who used found
(B) alter
objl:Cts enjoyed great
(C) hinder
(D) prolong success.

45. The word "it" in line 16 refers to 49. The word "fabricated" in line 24 is
closest in meaning to
(A) viewer
(B) movement (A) enlarged
(C) attitude (B) made
(D) issue (C) ordered
(D) revealed
46. According to the passage, how did
the use of motion affect sculpture? SO. Which of the following ~as NOT
a new technique developed during
(A) It caused the old materials to
this period?
be discarded.
(B) It required sculptors to (A) Creating sculptures that move
collaborate with engineers. (B) Welding m~tal pieces together
(C) It changed the concept of (C) Including found objects in
sculptural unity. sculpture
(D) It forced sculptors to weld all (D) Making a bronze cast.
parts permanently.

Practice Telt A 41
 " •• t

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Section 2 57
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 Section 1
Listening Comprehension

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to
understand conversations and talks in English. Ther~ are three parts to this section
with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what ~s
stated or implied by the speakers in this test. When you take the actual TOEFL test,
you will not be allowed to take notes or write in your test book. Try to work on'
Practice TestB in the same way.

Part A

Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After
each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations
and questions will not be repeated, After you hear a question, ,read the four possible
answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find
the number of the question and fill in the space'that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
On the recording, you hear: Sample Answer
.<J><l::lcD
In your test book, you read: (A) He doesn't like the painting either.
(B) He doesn't know how to paint.
(C) He doesn't have any paintings.
(0) He doesn't know what to do.

You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the
painting. The best answer to the question "What does the man mean?" is (A), "He
doesn't like the painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is (A).

Practice Telt B 41
8
 [II IT] IT] IT] IT] IT] IT]
1. (A) She didn't understand the
man.
(B) She gave the dollar to
someone else.
(C) She's unable to help the man.
(D) She's afraid to spend all her
money.
2. (A) Kathy probably knows Jean's
number.
(B) Kathy has recently telephoned.
(C) Kathy and Jean have the same
phone number.
(D) Kathy was trying to call Jean.
3. (A) The weather was miserable all
day.
(B) She got a sunburn.
(C) The hiking trip was Sunday
afternoon.
(D) The weather improved in the
afternoon.
4. (A) The man hasn't gone out for
two weeks.
(B) The vitamin C that the man
took wasn't effective.
(C) The man didn't try to get rid
of his cold.
(D) The man should try vitamin C
as a treatment.
5. (A) He changed his mind about
going to the concert.
(B) The concert will be held
. outside.
(C) There were no more seats left.
(D) He didn't have enough money
to buy tickets.
48 Practice Teat B
6. (A) What kind of typewriter it is.
(B) Why the man wants to sell the
typewriter.
(C) What price the man is asking.
(0) How old the typewriter is.
7. (A) Listen to the radio report.
(B) Get off Route 27.
(C) Change the radio station.
(0) Stop worrYing about the
weather.
8. (A) Reschedule her appointment.
(B) Travel by bus.
(C) Meet him at the bus station.
(0) Take the train to the city.
9. (A) Kate enjoys entertaining
children.
(B) Many people have always
liked Kate.
(C) A group of friends arranged a
surprise party for Kate.
(D) Kate wasn't expecting so
many people at her party.
10. (A) Tell Jeff he's a good
roommate.
(B) Talk louder next time.
(C) Express his annoyance to Jeff.
(D) Put the dishes away.
 mmmmm'mm 16. (A) She paid for the hamburgers
11. (A) He's unable to go to the
picnic. with a check.
(B) He:ll join the woman in the (B) Jack paid for the hamburgers.
afternoon. (C) Jack gave her some money.
(C) He needs to deliver a (0) The cashier gave her a check
television this afternoon. for five dollars.
(0) He's going home after the
picnic. 17. (A) Take the students to dinner.
(B) Listen to a lecture.
12. (A) He should have ordered the (C) Give a speech.
paper last week. (0) Meet students in a dormitory.
(B) The paper supply was used up
very quickly. 18. (A) He was too busy to go
(C) The paper will probably arrive dancing.
(B) He didn't have a good time at
soon.
(0) He ran out of paper last week. the dance.
(C) He doesn't know how to
13. (A) Assembling a bookcase can dance.
be frustrating. (0) He didn~t feel like going
(B) She'll give the man her dancing.
bookcase.
(C) She'll help the man assemble 19. (A) His classes are very difficult.
his bookcase. (B) His work is well respected.
(0) The man should have listened (C) He will publish a book soon.
to her warning. . (0) He is no Jonger teaching.

14. (A) He thinks the summers are
warmer in Florida.
(B) He doesn't want to do much
when it's hot.
(C) He wishes he were in Florida.
(0) He's never experienced
weather this hot.
20. (A) Check his phone bill again.
(B) Write letters instead of
calling;
. (C). Keep the phone bill next to
the phone.
(0) Keep a record of his phone
calls.

15. (A) Edit a book.

(B) Go to a movie.
(C) Study for class.
(0) Go to bed early.

Practice Tellt B 48
 2}. (A) Jl~usually tUl1}sjn hill
llSJignnjen~ late.
(B) llll didn't hlive ti!Jle to
~9mplete ~very~hiJ1g,
(C) H~ is ~sualIy a CQ"sci~ntjpus
sl\ldent.
(0) He usua}Jycpmpletes only his
chllmistry wp,* on tim~.
22. (A) She wants Jhe man to stay for
the entire class. . flights requires two hours.
(B) The man has permission to
'~ve~ly.
(C) $.he's cpncerned abo!!t the
man's health.
(I) The man c8nchange hill
IlppoinJrpent.
23. (M What the cpnlents of ~4e
drawer are.
(B) What flappened next.
(C) What th(: woman just said.
(0) What the woman foul)d.
24, (A) He's going to buy a window
fan.
(13) Hll's surpfised by the weather
forecast.
(C) He hasn't been uncomfortable.
(0) The woman's air conditioning
can be repaired.
25. (A) Her interview wasn't
successful.
(13) There are only three
internships available.
(C) She's more qualified than the
other candidates.
(0) There's a lot of competition
for the job.
50 PPICtlCI
2~, (A) They should go to a different
movie.
(13) They sho~ld give up trying to
see the movie.
(C) Th~y will be entering the
theater soon.
(D) They're too late to see the
movie.
27. (A) Processing for overseas
(B) International flights take a
. minimum of two hours.
(C) The man's flight will depart
in two hours.
(D) The man's flight was
announc~d two hours ago. '.
28. (A) The effect of the change is a
mystery.
(B) The number of credits
required has increased.
(C) The change will not be very
effective.
(D) The timing of the change is
unknown.
29. (A) Not many people took the
exam with Alice.
(B) Alice should have spent the
weekend with another
friend.
(C) Alice should have gotten help
with the sociology exam.
(0) It was good of Alice to go tQ
that much trouble.
30. (A) She needs to check her
calendar.
(B) She hasn't finished with the
book.
(C) The reference material is
out-ofedale.
(D) She has already returned the
almanac.
Tilt B
,..,

m ITJm ill m II] m

.<C
t', :.l ~~
Part B ~r ... 1
~. ..r.., 1' f:!'"
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each
conversation. YOII will hear several questions. The,conversations and questions will
not be repeated -
i / ~. -:,.nL ~~ t [ ~..,( .;.
{
After you hear a question. read the four possible answers in your book and choose the
best answer. ,Then. on YOULlll\SWersheet. find the number, of the question and fill in, ~
the space that corresponds ,to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
. ' ," I
r-
Remember. you should Dot take notes or write on your test pages •• , \-'
-,' ."'
.* '" ~
,- ...•. :

I •
,- ~l j ••(~~ • \ .••~'

,... . f ,~[" r\ tt ." ~ .',ft

" 'f
i

••• . ..I'I'U
" \ .

to.
.L
~.•
.. l

(.:..,j !""J1Z1r (',~~..•~' ~";...I .••. i r

i'
!
rf' "m-:"'if '.;;1 lY1< t '~.,;j ~t.

.
I'
"

8
 ITIIIJ IIJ IIJ.IIJ IIJ IIJ
31. (A) They may not be able to take
their vacation.
(B) It may snow during their.
vacation.
(C) They are going to need more
money.
(D) They may miss graduation.
32. (A) They are going skiing.
(B) Their plans include other
friends. .
(C) They will drive together.
(D) Their reservations have been
canceled.
35. (A) They had to work during the
performances.
(B) They couldn't find time.
(C) They couldn't afford to go.
(0) The tickets were sold out.
36. (A) The perfonnances have been
rescheduled.
(B) Student discount tickets are
available.
(C) Prices for all tickets have
been reduced.
(D) It's possible to see the plays
without charge.

33. (A) Because of the possibility of
bad weather.
(B) Because of the faculty's
contracts.
(C) Because of the summer
schedule of classes.
(D) Because of the date for
. graduation.
37. (A) She doubts it will work.
(B) She thinks they don't have
enough time.
(C) She's enthusiastic about it.
(0) She's happy to get so much
money.

34. (A) He might lose his financial

aid.
(B) He doesn't want to attend
summer classes.
(C) He had already missed too
many.
(D) He's afraid he might not
graduate.

52 Practice TeltS.
 Part C

Directions: In this part of the test, you wiJI hear several short talks. After each talk.
you will hear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question. read the four possible an~wers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then. on your answer sheet. find the number of the. question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
On the recording. you hear:

Now listen to a :;<~l1plequestion. S~ple Answer

In your t:.st book. you read:
(D<ID.<lP
(A) To demonstrate the latest use of computer
graphics.
(B) To discuss the possibility of an economic
depression.
(C) To explain the workings of the brain.
(0) To dramatize a famous mystery story.

The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program 7" is
(C). "To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore. the correct choice is (C).
Sample Answer
Now listen to another sample question.
(D<J)@.

In your test book. you read:
(A) It is required of all science majors.
(B) It will never be shown again.
(C) It can help viewers improve their memory
skills.
(0) It will help with course work.

The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the
programT is (D), "It will help with course work." Therefore. the correct choice is (D).

Remember, you should not take notes or write on your test pages.

P,actlce Tilt B 53
s
 mmmmmmm
38. (A) To instruct campers how to
use their equipment. .
(B) To provide park visitors with
, safety infonnation.
(C) To give directions to camping
areas.
(D) To encourage people to visit
the park.
39. (A) They should carry plenty of
water with them.
(B) Drinking from the natural
springs is prohibited.
(C) The park service will supply a
gallon of water per person.
(D) The natural spri.ngs are
polluted with soap.
40. (A) The types of permits available
this time of year.
(B) A description of the park's
natural features.
(C) A list of recommended
clothing and equipment.
(0) The location of hiking trails
throughout the park.
41. (A) They are most often sighted
on rock formations.
(B) They are a protected species.
(C) They are very active this time
of year.
(0) They are at~ted to
flashlights .
. ..•,
..'
64 PrlCllcl TIll I
42. (A) Famous battles of the
American Revolution.
(S) Women inAmerican history.
(C) Nicknames of famous
Americans.
(D) Military strategies of the
American colonists.
43. (A) She enlisted in the anillery.
(B) She was hired as a nurse.
(C) She accompanied her
husband.
(0) She was recruited by George
Was)-',~,.,n.
44. (A) She didn't know how to cook.
(B) She smoked a pip'" '.
(C) She was the first female
sergeant.
(D) She repaired cannons.
45. (A) She sketched pictures of battle
scenes.
(B) She fired a cannon during
battle.
(C) She brought pitchers of water
to soldiers.
(D) She did washing for the
soldiers.
 [TI[I][I][lJ[lJ[I]lI]
46. (A) Showing children how to
behave.
(B) HeJping children overcome
shyness.
(C) Several causes of childhood
shyness.
(lj) How timid children become
shy adults.
47. (A) Few people think that they lire
shy.
$) Hardly anyone overcomes
shyness.
(C) Few psychologists treat
shyness ..
(D) Almost half of the people
surveyed said they are shy.
48. (A) Those who have suffered
childhOod trauma.
(B) Those with shy parentS.
(C) Those whose parents have
pressured them to succeed.
(D) ThoSe who have been trained
in sodal skills.
49. (A) Protect them from other
children.
(B) Force them to smile.
(C) Persuade them to try new
things.
(D) Accept them as they are.
50. (A) Become more sociable.
(B) Become inhibited.
(C) Be inote introspective.
(D) Think logically.

This is the end of Section 1.

Stop work on Section 1 noW.

Tum off your cassette player.

Read the directions for Section 2 and begin work.

Do Nor read or work on any other asetlon of the teat
during the next 25 mInutes.

Prlctlce Telt B 55
 "
" l ..

•• .,j •.h. ...., { : .j .Ii

No test material on this page.

I: "
• ,!, ••. -

.
,

(~
~"J

't~ ,

...:.:'- J .,-'.:'! i.w '::O,~.1~,. A.,: .:- "' • Z-J:~ -'

'.4 ~ ( ~~ • ~~nl' i~:~<-:: ~~.J

i:58 - Practice TesfB

-_ .. _._--------

writt:~r::=::f::•
Time: 25 minutes (Including the reading of the directions)
Now •• t your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is

appropriate for standard written English. There are tWDtypes of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type. .
Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you
will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, fj.nd the
.dumber of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

Sample Answer
.Example I
a>_~<ll)
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ------
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(0) regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been.compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should
choose (B).
Sample Answer
ExampleD
a> <1>$-
During the early period of ocean navigation, -----
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) when there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there-was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should
choose (0).
Now begin work on the questions.

Practice Telt B 57
 1. In 1879, •__••-, Alice Freeman
PlIlmer became head of the history
department at Wellesley College.
(A) twenty-four years
(B) at the age of twenty-four
(C) age twenty-four
(D) of twenty-four years
2. The United States spends more
money On advertising -.-- •••
country in the world.
(Alother
(B) other than
(C) than any other
(D) while other
3. Penicillin, probably --_._--,came
intClwidespread use after the
Second World War.
(A) an antibiotic of known
(B) was known the antibiotic
(C) the best.known antibiotic
(D) known best antibiotic
4. Although Emily Dickinson is n.ow
a well-known American poet, only
seven of her poems ----- while
she Wasalive.
(A) publishing
(B) to publish
(C) have published
(0) were published
58 Pracllce Tell B
5. Thomas Jefferson served as
president of the American
Philosophical Society, an
organization that encouraged -- _
of scientific and intellectual
research.
(A) ranging wide
(B) a wide range
(C) which ranged widely
(0) a widely ranging
6. Part of the Great Plains, Kansas is
famous for ----- fields of wheat.
(A) its seemingly endless
(B) it seems endless
(C) it is seemingly endless
(D) it is endless it seems
7. Skimming lIlong the surface of the
ocean or rising from its depths like
delicate balloons, -----~ to their .
aquatic habitat.
(A) the perfect adaptation of
jellyfish
(B) jellyfish are perfectly adapted
(C) jellyfish are adapted to
perfectly
(D) and the adaption is perfect for
jellyfish
8. The sidereal day is the period _
the Earth completes one rotation
on its axis.
(A) when does it
(B) while it
(C) during which
(D) in that
9. ------ rainfall in the desert is low, 13. --- stem from the everyday life
it is one of the most important of common people, the most
climatic factors in the formation popular themes are love, jealousy,
of desert erosion features. revenge, disaster, and adventure.
(A) Although (A) Because folk ballads
(B) Why (B) There are folk ballads
(C) Despite (C) With folk ballads
(D) Due to (D) Folk ballads to

10. A strong swimmer, -------. 14. --- around us gives us vital

(A) that fish imd seal are eaten
chiefly by the polar bear
(B) the polar bear eats chiefly fish
and seal
(C) the polar bear eating chiefly
fish and seal
. (0) eating fish and seal chiefly by
the polar bear
11. Helicopters can rise or descend
vertically, hover, and move
forward, backward, -------.
(A) they move laterally
(B) and are lateral
(C) or lateral motion
(D) or laterally
information about our environment.
(A) The sounds are heard
(B) That the hearing of sounds
(C) Hearing the sounds
(0) Whatever the sounds are heard
15. Located in Boston, ------ in the
United States was founded in 1852.
(A) the first public library was free
(B) the first free public library
(C) was the first free public library
(D) where the first free public
library was .

12. The Dallas Theater Center presents

plays in two buildings, ------ was
designed by the internationally
renowned architect, Frank Lloyd
Wright.
(A) which
(B) which one
(Cr that which
(0) one of which

Practice Test B 59
 ..11 :ia}fj~;"~ :jft ~~J ff!.:~12~-..
..!~i t.~ .-t,~' ;. n,::L":::'" )\1 ,\. ij.l.~.'i:u., .•

'.',)('f' ',:;, ,:;11G5Q:'''I'Written Expression'",;'!' '7;;'.: .'l: i'; _'flO /; .,

'l.• :-:i~;}l~i _~./!',f -:':~i; 2~~-,-)th'1sfJ!nO!l :'~;f~Li~;>"",{-.1'if!" "'-2t -"(.:~JL:' ""~'f,;,n:~'!~
Dir~~!~~,,!~:
~n.9u.~s~.Q'!~l~t.q~~ch sentence has foui~!!~exli_n~~;~~rd~o!A:';
phrases. The four underlined p'arts of the sentence are marked (A), (B); (C):and(D).
Idelltify thi'()ne"unClerlinell'wOrd or phrase that must be changed in oreer for)lie' ,
j
sentence tobe'correc'"t.Theii;r'on your answer sheet, find the number of the'question
and fill in the spa<:C'ihilfcorreSponds to the letter of the answer you have""choseii.J'
nJ ;~:::'~.'~:r.;r~
~i:ri' ~ ".: ')1.)t;l: .r-T.

Example I Sample Answer

•. -~~~' '. ,~"_~~_.~
..~ ..;'~-,:_"'..;:~l~"; _.. ~. • 'i."~"--Ci:>1!e:c)
-- :?<i>
,:'--Gupples are sometlmesfcalJ!r'ambow fish because.oL" c., . :. ~l"i'ri,:!! 'if' -,'
.L.(i.I'" :).;p.' ;A'l B C ':~i;,,, ',d,' .'"'.)Ld.
the males' .brightlcolors;t; , ";~;rL ,,~_' .c'1' :-;,;, ..,j
(.1;
.bl1~{.D~;r:J~:'H~~~;}H li~ ' •.1;;,

,;";(: "~";':~J";C:Jl),~ :~d; ~"".:;~ffi ('(1: ,n-;JI"':; ~n:~.,'~,_' "rd~;{". ':.1... 'J:

The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because
of the males' brighfcolorS:";Thei'efore: 'you should clioOse (A). I" " .;-' '<" 'I :(1' :
,~",:;,q.'17 QSuii:i' J' (~
..C~ ':~:~.~/ !:,::.~:;tl' u'~i " ;~ ~,-l

Example HI' ,"", ..cd"c: i2'Ji) ~Ij Sample Answer,

V,S'Vil( "."d~m '.J:: t(,ti~ ~,}'i', :..;\ b'~";:,,::-ib'i':' .~;'"i:~'U;:i~l~r';()Ji;.,H :
.•,,;-SerVing,~~vek'i.term'in.Congress, Shirley Chisholm ." '''!,: ,l'~,f'''I!a::>,,(Jl) .
:,A~Hr ~:','d :~~B ,:;f.~: / t:"I;',f/'~:Vt.; .;T! ',.j

became an important United States politician. , ..... ,1: 'sr.; ,

CD. ,".., '"D :,':;-., ;

The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became
an important United States politician." Therefore, you should choose (B). .
2;n';;~:"jT:~
j3h~S~)'~:)J~_I"'T ;<s:!.~Q~f .~
Now begin work on the questions.," .,' . ~__ .""I'I,/1!.!II pw' iji,~j-:

\;t 'rv;~~.-~:.:..tJ.:~~
..,>.t~ Lsp ~7"-.:~-I
;',(f':. ;~;.~,;; --:~ t")rr {;...':l
-:'E; ."to',

..t.

GO. Pl'actlc8:TestB
16. A goose's neck is ~ longer that than of a duck, and not so gracefully
. ABC D
curved as a swan's.

17. The introduction ~ species of plants into the Hawaiian islands offers an
A , B
opportunity to study the responsively of a natural system to stress.
C D

18, M 1939, television programs were being broadcast in the United States, .and the
ABC
World's Fair of that year ~ demonstrations of this advance in technology,
D
19, Nathaniel Hawthorne often complained of how few material his life provided
ABC
for his fiction.
D
20. The United States capital in Washington, D.C., developed slow, assuming its
A B
present gracious aspect, with wide avenues and many parks, only in the twentieth
C D
century.

21. Soapberry trees and shrubs thrive in tropical regions, and being ornamental
ABC
plants in California and Florida,
D

22. Throughout her length career, Grace Paley has been known for her ability to
A B .
capture the distinct rhythms of New York speech in her short stories.
C D
23. Scientists usually character the disease leukemia ~ an overabundance of white
ABC
blood cells in the bloodstream.
D

24. Energy research, medicinal, tourism, and copper and molybdenum mining are
A B
important !2. the economy of Butte, Montana.
C D

Practici Tilt B 81
fJ fJ 8.88 fJ fJ 8
25. The New Deal ~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to pull the
ABC
United States out the Great Depression in the 1930's.
D

26. Anyone rowing a boat in a strong wind knows it is much easy to go with the
ABC
wind than against it.
D

27. fu!!!. the monitoring of earthquake waves it is evidence that the Earth's outer
ABC
core is liquid, whereas the inner core is solid.
D

28. Dictionaries frequently explain the origin of the ~ word, state its part of
A B' C
speech, and indication its correct use.
D

29. The Caldecott Medal, awarded!!!!!!!!! to ~ illustrated children's book, ~

ABC
one award that identifies excellent books.
D

30. In the spring the woodcock ~ a simple ~ of leaves and grass in a dry,
ABC
quiet spots and lays four multicolored -eggs.
D

31. !:2!: centuries the aromatic spices of the Far East bas been in demand by the
ABC D
people of the East and West

32. Linseed oil is used as a ~ oil in paints and varnishes and ~ making
ABC
linoleum, oilcloth, and ~ inks.
D

33. Phoenix, Arizona, ~ where the Hohokam Indians built a canal system and
A B
carried on irrigated farming before long the time of Columbus.
C D

82 PracticB TBlt B
 34. Knowledge of the rate at which a ship is traveling through the water is
ABC
••• important if the navigator ~ estimate the time of arrival.
D

35. The wood of the tulip tree, sometimes referred to as American whitewood. is
A B.'
one of the most valuable timber product in the United States.
C D
36. The foot is used E!i!!!!!Y for locomotion, but some primates, notably the apes,
A B
also ~ their feet for grasping and picking up objects.
C D
37. Although best known for her prose works, Maya Angelou was also published
ABC
several collections of ~.
D

38. Founded by the Spanish.!!! Yerba Buena in 1835, what is now San Francisco
A B
was taken over by the United States in 1846 and later renamed it.
C D
39. Human hair grows ~ of ~ one-half !2 one inch! month.
ABC ' D
40. Composed of heavy-textured clay ~. adobe!!.!!! great elasticity when moist,
ABC
but when dry is able of holding its shape.
D

This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish in less than 25 minutes, check your work on section 2 only.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

8888888
At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.
Use exactly 55 minutes to work on section 3.

Practice Test B 83
-------------------~------------ ---- --- ------------------

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84 Pr8cllc8,18ltB
 . Section 3 A
Reading Comprehension ~
Time: 55 minute. (including the reading of the direction.)
Now .et yOlR' clock for 55 minute•.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by
several questions about it. For questions 1- 50, you are to choose the one best answer,
(A), (B), (C). or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number
of the question and fill in the space that corresponds 'to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in
that passage.
Read the following passage:
The railroad was not the first institution to impoSe regularity on society. or to
draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants
have set out their wares at daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated,
Line people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day. The
(5) value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time. social life would be unbearably chaotic:
the massive daily transfers of goods. services, and information would proceed in
fits and starts; the very fabric of modem society would begin to unravel.
Example I Sample Answer
What is the main idea. of the passage? Q;> Cf) • (]l)

(A) In modem society we must make more time

for our neighbors.
(B) The traditions of society are timeless.
(C) An accepted way of measuring time is essential
for the smooth functioning of society.
(D) Society judges people by the times at which
they conduct certain activities.
The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be
measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore. you should choose (C).
Example II Sample Answer
In line 5, the phrase "this tradition" refers to Q;> cD ~ •
(A) the practice of starting the business day at dawn
(B) friendly relations between neighbors
(C) the railroad's reliance on time schedules
(D) people's agreement on the measurement of time
The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause. "people have been in rough
agreement with theirneighbors as to the time of day." Therefore. you should choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions.

Practice Teat B 85
 Questions 1-11

'The United States ~onstitution makes no provision for the nomination of candidates
for the presidency. As the framers of the Constitution set up the system, the electors
would, out of their own knowledge, select the "wisest and best" as President. But the
Line rise of political parties altered that system drastically - and with the change came the
(5) need for nominations.
The flTStmethod that the parties developed to nominate presidential candidates was
the congressional caucus, a small group of members of Congress. That method was
regularly used in the elections of 1800 to 1824. But its closed character led to its downfall
in the mid-1820's. For the election of 1832, both major parties turned to the national
(10) convention as their nominating device. It has continued to serve them ever since.
With the convention process, the final selection of the President is, for all practical
purposes, narrowed to one of two persons: the Republican or the Democratic party
nominee. Yet there is almost no legal control of that vital process.
The Constitution is silent on the subject of presidential nominations. There is, ~s
(15) well, almost no statutory law on the matter. The only provisions in federal law have to
do with the financing of conventions. And in each state there is only a small body of
laws that deal with issues related to the convention, such as the choosing of delegates
and the manner in which they may cast their votes. In short. the convention is very ;
largely a creation and a responsibility of the political parties themselves.
(20) In both the Republican and Democratic parties, the national committee is charged
with making the plans and arrangements for the national convention. As much as a year
before it is held, the committee meets (usually in Washington, D.C.) to set the time and
place for the convention. July has been the favored month; but each party has met in
convention as early as mid.June and also as late as the latter part of August.
(25) Where the convention is held is a matter of prime importance. There must be an
adequate convention hall, sufficient hotel accommodations, plentiful entertainment
outlets, and efficient transportation facilities.

1. Which of the following motivated 2. When was the congressional

a change in the original method of caucus used?
selecting a President of the United
(A) In the early 1800's
States?
(B) During the election of 1832
(A). The framers of the Constitution (C) Throughout the nineteenth
(B) The rise of the congressional century
caucus (D) In several recent elections
(C) The emergence of the party
system
(D) The establishment of national
conventions

88 Practice Telt B
3. What can be inferred about why 8. In paragraph 4, the author compares
the congressional caucus system (A) nominations and conventions
was terminated? (B) finances and the Constitution
(A). It was too expensive. (C)delegates and candidates
(B) It took toomuch:time~ (D) federal and state laws
t (C) It did not conform to the

Constitution. 9. The words "charged with" in lines

(D) It did not include enough ~ 20-21 are closest in meaning to
citizens. (A) responsible for
(B) exdted about
4. The word ''them'' in line 10 (C) blamed for
refers to (Dpn ,favor of
(A) conventions
(B) parties 10. The passage refers to all of the .
(C) elections following as necessary in the city
(D) candidlltes where the convention is held
. EXCEPT
5. The word "Yet" in line 13 (A) an acceptable meeting place
indicates that what follows is (B) politically aware citizens
(A) an unexpected fact (C) an easy way of traveling
(B) a p'ersonal ob.~ervatibri around the city
(C) a list .. ,. (D) sufficientarnusement
(D) an exampl~ opportunities

6. The word "vital" ih line 13 is II. Where in the passage does the
closest in meaning to author refer to the original method
of selecting a president?
(A) extremely important
(B) always accessible' (A) Lines 2-3
(C) political ' (B) Lines 11-13
(D) optional (C) Lines 18-19
(D) Lines 20-21
7. According to the passage, the only
aspect of political conventions
addressed by federal law involves
(A) organization
(B) choosing delegates
(C) voting procedures
(D) funding

Practice Te.t B ,87

• _~.'" :". j', 'C'-
 Questions 12-17

Several hundred million years ago, plants similar to modem ferns covered vast
stretches of the land. Some were as large as trees. with giant fronds bunched at the top
.of trunks as straight as pillars. Others were the size of bushes and formed thickets of
line undergrowth. Still others lived in the shade of giant club mosses and horsetails along
(5) the edges of swampy lagoons where giant amphibians swam.
A great number of these plants were true ferns, reproducing themselves without
fruits or seeds. Others had only the appearance offerns. Their leaves had organs of
sexual reproduction and produced seeds. Although their "flowers" did not have corollas,
these false ferns (today completely extinct) ushered in the era of flowering plants.
(10) Traces of these flora of the earliest times have been preserved in the form of fossils.
Such traces are most commonly found in shale and sandstone rocks wedged between
coal beds.
T9day only tropical forests bear living proof of the ancient greatness of ferns. The
species that grow there are no longer those of the Carboniferous period. but their v~ety
( IS) and vast numbers, and the great size of some, remind us of the time when ferns ruled
the plant kingdom.

12. What does the passage mainly 14. Which of the following is NOT
discuss? mentioned as a charactenstic of
(A) Plant reproduction the plants described in the passage?
(B) How to.locate fossils (A) They once spread over large
(C) An ancient form of plant life areas of land.
(0) Tropical plant life (B) They varied greatly in size.
(C) They coexisted with
13. The word"others" in line 3 refers to amphibians. mosses,
(A) plants and horsetails. .
(B) pillars (D) They clung to tree trunks and
(C) trees bushes for suppon.
(0) fronds

88 "rlctlce Telt I
!l":t'""-------------------------

15. The word ''true'' in line 6 is 17. The word "bear" in line 13 could
closest in meaning to which best be replaced by which of the
of the following? following?
(A) accurate (A) call for
(B) genuine (B) provide
(C) straight (C) tolerate
(D) dependable (D) suffer.

16. The author states that fossils of

early plant life are usually found in
rocks located between deposits of
(A) coal
(B) shale
(C) sandstone
(D) corollas

>
•

,.

.. /

P,actlce ,Telt B 89
 Questions 18-28
The economic expansion prompted by the Second World War triggered a spectacular
population boom in the West. Of course, the region was no stranger to population
booms. Throughout much of its history, western settlement had been characterized by
Line spurts, rather than by a pattern of gradual and steady population growth, beginning
(5) with the gold and silver rushes ofthe 1850's and 1860's. The decade after the First
World War-the 1920's-witnessed another major surge of people pouring into the
West, particularly into urban areas. But the economic depression of the 1930's brought
this expansion to a halt; some of the more sparsely settled parts of the region actually
lost population as migrants sought workin more heavily industrialized areas. By 1941,
(/0) when the United States entered the Second World War and began to mobilize, new job
opportunities were created iii the western part of the nation.
If the expansion of industries, such as shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, was
most striking on the Pacific coast, it also affected interior citieslike Denver, Phoenix,
and Salt Lake City. Equally dramatic were the effects of the establishment of aluminum
(/5) plants in Oregon and Washington and the burgeoning steel industry in Utah and '
California. The flow of people into these areas provided an enormous impetus to the
expansion of the service industries - banks, health care services, and schools. Although
strained to the limit by the influx of newcomers, western communities welcomed the
vast reservoir of new job opponunities.. At the same time, the unprecedented expansion
(20) of government installations in the West, such as military bases, created thousands of
new civilian openings. As land had served as a magnet for western migrants in the late
nineteenth century, so wanime mobilization set in motion another major expansion of
population. Indeed, it could be said that the entire western United States became a giant
boomtown during the Second World War. This was especially true of California. Of
(25) the more than eight milIion people who moved into the West in the decade after 1940,

almost one-half went to the Pacific coast. In fact, between 1940 and 1950, California's
population surged by more than three million people.

18. What is the main point of the 19. The word "triggered" in line I is
passage? closest in meaning to
(A) California dominated the (A) was connected to
economic growth of the (B) generated
West during the Second (C) interfered with
World War. •. (D) illuminated
(B) Industrial growth during the
1940's attracted large
numbers of people to the
West.
(C) The military drew people away
from civilian jobs during the
1940's.

~~W~Si~'= ~
}O 'PlctlceJel1S
20. Why does the author mention "the
gold and silver rushes of the
1850' s and 1860' s" in the first
paragraph?
(A) As causes of gradual
population growth
(B) As contrasts to later patterns
of population growth
(C) As illustrations of a market
economy
(D) As examples of western
23. Which of the following statements
population booms
21. Which of the following occurred
in the West during the 1920's?
(A) Gold and silver deposits were
discovered.
(B) The population density
gradually increased.
(C) The population of the cities
increased significantly.
(D) Many military oases were
established.
22. According to the passage, the
depression of the 1930's caused
which of the following?
(A) A lac!<of population growth
in the West
(B) The building of new suburbs
(C) A creation of more job
opportunities
(D) A growth in immigration from
abroad
about'the shipbuilding industry is
suggcsJed by the passage?
(A) It came into being during the
First World War.
(D) Many new shipbuilding yards
were established on the
Pacific coast during the
1940's.
(C) Denver was considered to be
a poor location for
shipbuilding factories.
(D) Shipbuilding was the dominant
industry in Oregon and
Washington.

The questions for this passage

continue on the next page.

Practicl Tilt B 71
 The following questions are based on
the passage on page 70.
24. The word "it" in line 13 refers to
(A) expansion
(B) Denver
(C) manufacturing
(0) the Pacific coast
~5. The word "enormous" in line 16 is
closest in meaning to
(A) unexpected
(B) immense
(C) adequate
(D) important
26. The passage suggests that
industrialization in the West led
to all of the following EXCEPT
(A) A reduction in the price of
land
(B) An increase in school
construction
(C) Improved access to doctors
(D) An increase in the number of
banks
27. According to the passage, what
was one result of the building of
new military bases in the West in
the 1940's?
(A) Military bases in other parts
of the United States were
closed.
(B) Many settlers were forced off
their land.
(C) Many civilian jobs were
created.
(0) The cost of living rose sharply
in California and other
western states.
28. It can be inferred from the passage:
that the principal cause of .
California's population surge
between 1940 and 1950 was
(A) the increased availability of
land
(B) people's desire to live in a
warm, coastal climate
(C) the industrial mobilization
necessitated by the Second
World War
(0) overcrowding in urban areas
in other regions of the
United States

."-'~ . -- .\:

72PPlctlc.Tllt 8
'!""""""~: •••• ------------------------------

" L'

'I

. section 3 continues.

Tum the page and. read the neXt passage.

"
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,
.;.

Practice Telt 8 73
•••
 Questions 29-39
For, ] 50 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of
solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the
planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust
Line particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths
(5) of the light from ever reaching the ground.
With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure
the Sun's output without being impeded by the Earth's atmosphere. Solar Max, a
satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has been
measuring the Sun's output since February 1980. Although a malfimction in the
(/0) satellite's control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was
repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuttle in ]984. Max's observations
indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all.
The satellite's instruments have detected frequent, small variations in the Sun's
energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Sun's meal1
(/5) energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these
fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of
sunspots on the Sun's disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun's surface
that have strong magnetic fieJds,and a:teptperature ~bout 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit .
cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar
(20) constant have cQ!ncid~wi~:sighJings,of:Jarge ~.um.p<>tgroups,In ] 980, for example,
Solar Max's instruments registered a 0.3 percent dr()p in the solar energy reaching the
Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area
20 times larger than the Earth's surface.
Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although
(25) Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output, some
scientists have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive
over the years, thus fals~y indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was
dismissed, however, by comparing Solar Max's observations with data from a similar
instrument operating on NASA's Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.
29. What does this passage mainly 30. Why does the author mention
discuss? "gas" and "dust" in line 3 ?
(A) The launching of a weather (A) They magnify the solar
satellite constant.
(B) The components of the (B) They are found in varying
Earth's atmosphere concentrations.
(C) The measurement of (C) Scientific equipment is ruined
variations in the solar by gas and dust.
constant (D) They interfere with accurate
(0) The interaction of sunlight mellSurement of the solar
and air pollution constant.

",::i'f~:m:..'
74 Puellee.re.1 B
•••••
31. Why is it not possible to measure 36. The word "decline" in line 25 is
the solar constant accurately closest in meaning to
without a satellite? (A) fall
(A) The Earth is too far from the (B) reversal
Sun. (C) release
(B) Some areas on Earth receive (D) fluctuation
more solar energy than
others. 37. Why did scientists think that Solar
(C) There is not enough sunlight Max might be giving unreliable
during the day. information?
(D) The Earth's atmosphere (A) Solar Max did not work for
interferes with the sunlight. the first few years.
(B) The space shuttle could not
32. The word "scatter" in line 4 is fix Solar Max's instruments.
closest in meaning to (C) Solar Max's instruments were
(A) emit getting old.
(B) capture (D) Nimbus 7 interfered with
(C) transform Solar Max's detectors.
(D) disperse
38. The phrase "This possibility" in
33. The word "its" in line 10 refers line27 refers to the likelihood
to the thatthe
(A) orbit (A) solar constant has declined
(B) atmosphere (B) Nimbus 7 sateIlite is older
(C) satellite than Solar Max
(D) malfunction (C) solar constant cannot be
measured
34. The word "detected" in line 13 is (D) instruments are providing
closest in meaning to inaccurate data
(A) estimated .
39. The attempt to describe the solar
(B) disregarded
constant can best be described as
(C) registered
(D) predicted (A) an ongoing research effort
(B) an issue that has been resolved
35. According to the passage, scientists (C) a question that can never be
believe variations in the solar answered
constant are related to (D) historically interesting, but
(A) sunspot activity irrelevant to contemporary
(B) unusual weather patterns concerns
(C) increased levels of dust
(D) fluctuations in the Earth's
temperature

Practice Test B 75
 Questions 40-50

Even before the tum of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions':
the realistic and lhe formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than
absolute, terms. When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels
Line can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist
(5) in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference
between realism and reality, allhough this distinction is often forgotten. Realism is a
particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film,
both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable
world for their subject malter, but what they do with this material ~ how they shape
(10) and manipulate it - determines their sty listie emphasis.
Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality
with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries
to suggest the copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must
select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the
(15) element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve
the illusion that lheir film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual
world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize
and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated
image of an object or event for the real thing.
(20) We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing.
Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is
manipulated. The camera is used conservatively. It is essentially a recording mechanism
that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible. A
high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity, and directness. This is not to suggest
.
(25) that these movies lack artistry, however, for at its best the realistic cinema specializes
in art that conceals art.

40. What does the passage mainly 41. With which of the following
discuss? statements would the author be
(A) Acting styles most likely to agree?
(B) Film plots (A) Realism and formalism are
(C) Styles of filmmaking outdated terms.
(D) Filmmaking 100 years ago (B) Most films are neither
exclusively realistic nor
formalistic.
(C) Realistic films are more
popular than formalistic
ones.
(D) Formalistic films are less
artistic than realistic ones.

78 PractIce Telt B
42. The phrase "this distinction" in 47. How can one recognize the
line 6 refers to the difference formalist style?
between (A) It uses familiar images.
(A) formalists and realists (B) It is very impersonal.
(B) realism and reality (C) It obviously manipulates
(C) general and absolute images.
(D) physical reality and raw . (D) It mirrors the actual world.
materials
48. The word "tangible" in line 23 is
43. Whom does the author say is closest in meaning to
primarily responsible for the style (A) concrete
ofa film? (B) complex
(A) The director (C)various
(B) The actors (D) comprehensible
(C) The producer
(D) The camera operator 49. Which of the following terms is
NOT used to describe realism in
44. The word "shape" in line 9 is filmmaking?
closest in meaning to (A) Simple
(A) specify (B) Spontaneous
(B) form (C) Self-effacing
(C) understand (D) Exaggerated
(D) achieve
50. Which of the following films
45. The word "preserve" in line 15 is would most likely use a realist
closest in meaning to style?
(A) encourage (A) A travel documentary
(B) maintain (B) A science fiction film
(C) reflect (C) A musical drama
(0) attain (D) An animated cartoon

46. The word "They" in line 17

refers to
(A) films
(B) realists
(C) formalists
(D) raw materials

Practice Telt B 77
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18 'ractlCe liSt B
 ",ere
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••
i

• Answer Sheet C 81

.IE Practice Test C 83

Section 1 83
Section 2 93
Section 3 101

r
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Practice Telt C 79
 " I'
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••• TEST OF ~GLlSH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

~ Practice Test C
Answer Sheet - Horizontal Format

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@
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13 @ <!)@@
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34@@@@ 34@@@@ 340@@@
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37@@@@ 37@@@@ 37@@@@
38@@@@ 38@@@@ 380@@@
39@<!)@@ 38@@@@ 38@@@@
40@@@@ 40@@@@ 40@@@@
41@@@@
41 @@@@
42@<!)@@ 42@@@@
43@@@@ 43@@@@
44@<!)@@ 44@<!)@@
4lI@<!)@@ 45@@@@
4lI@@@@ 44S@<!)@@
47@<!)@@ 47@@@@
4lI@@@@ 48@@@@
49@<!)@@ 49@@@@
50@@@@ 50@@@@

Pracllc8 T81t C B1
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 mmmmmmm
11. (A) Bill has found an acting job.
(B) Bill was at his last job a long
time.
(C) Bill's new position as the boss
. is challenging.
(D) Bill's behavior could cause
him to lose his job.
12. (A) He has to work late tonight.
(B) He'd rather go at another
time.
(C) He's already seen the show.
(D) It'll be hard to get to the
auditorium on time.
i3. (A) He'll anend both the concert
and the party.
(B) He'll change his.plans at
once.
(C) He has saved a place for
Janet.
(D) He regrets that he can't go to
the party.
14. (A) She thinks Mary is too
critical.
(B) She doesn't know how to
react.
(C) She thinks the man is too
sensitive.
(D) She wants to know what the
man thinks.
15. (A) The man shouldn't have
invited rer roommate to the
meeting.
(B) Her roommate was unable to
anend the meeting.
(C) Her roommate is unreliable
about delivering messages.
(D) She forgot about the time
change.
Practice Telt C 85
16. (A) She does a lot of part-time
work in museums.
(B) She isn't really interested in
art museums.
(C) Her artwork is displayed in a
museum.
(D) She has a large art collection.
17. (A) She's only known Becky a
short time.
(B) She saw Becky recently.
(C) She and Becky usually go to
the market together.
(D) Becky has been away for a
week.
18. (A) Down jackets are now on sale.
(B) She can't wait for winter to
arrive.
(C) It's hard to know how heavy a
jacket to buy.
(D) She needs a warm jacket.
19. (A) He has trouble remembering
when things happen.
(B) He usually forgets to meet
people for appointments.
(C) He doesn't like to go out on
dates.
(D) He doesn't want to reveal
Thomas' birth date.
20. (A) She'll find the reference
books for the man.
(B) The paper is already long
enough.
(C) The information may be
inaccurate.
(D) The man's ideas are good
enough to be published.
 1II1I1[IJlIJmlIJrn
21. (A) She doesn't enjoy going to the
beach.
(B) The beach was closed.
(C) There wasn't enough food for
everyone at the barbecue.
(D) The barbecue was canceled
because of the weather.
22. (A) The doctor can see the man
this week.
(B) Appointments must be made
two weeks in advance.
(C) The man should clill back on
Friday.
(D) The doctor canceled his
appointments on Friday.
23. (A) The woman will probably
sleep all weekend.
(B) The woman will have to work
day and night tofiJiish.
(C)The woman should type the
repons in the morning.
(D) The woman should rest before
she begins typing.
24. (A) They need to tum up ahead.
(B) She doesn't know where State
Street is.
(C) There was no left 'tum at the
. . last intersection.
(D) The man mis:.ed the tum.
25. (A) He has already seen the
movie.
(B) He wishes he could go to the
movie,
(C) He wants to recopy his notes.
(D) He's planning to go to the
movie tomorrow.
88"!,1I~tlc.T•• 1 C
26. (A) She prefers big bills when
. traveling;
(B) She'd rather take traveler's
checks than cash.
(C) Traveler's checks don't fit in
her wallet.
(D) It's convenient to have cash
on hand when traveling.
27. (A) She doesn't think Professor
Brown will give an exam.
(B) Professor Brdwn won't be
finished grading the exams.
(C) Exams are usually given
during the last week of
classes.
(D) Professor Brown probably
won't change the exam date.
28. (A) There aren't many pOsters to
choose from.
(B) She wants the manto see the
poster she bought.
(C) They promised to meet her
brother at the gift shop.
(D) They must buy something for
her brother.
29. (A) He's taking Susan's parents to
a seafood restaurant.
(B) He enjoys going fishing .
(C) He went fishing with Susan's
father over the weekend.
(D) He knows Susan's parents
very well.
30. (A) 'She's never been treated by
Dr. Smith.
(B) She's been sitting in the
waiting rooin too long.
(C) Dr. Smith isn't a good choice.
(D) She'd like to recommend a
magazine to the man.
 roorwmmm
v..:-;..TnA \ A \ ef ";1 (J, ""ffi ~dl C..if';, ,,:) i j.. J IF
.tlllT (Uj Part B';. 'J ~t':Jv-_ cd' ;i, ':b-.L '
.'(,il••qr(1"(~, ,'J) .',~
Directions: In this pait'oi'iheiest, you will hear lortgei' conversations'/After each
conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and'questions will
not be repeated: di' '~,,,1 ';;1; 11 ',," :;o,rFrld:r-,,;rn.; Ii I",> [)i1l"l "-n
~~"'il_.ti'H t ;' ,L? j.ii.(~J.,H fJl ~l:J';:;li(' ,d p;'.(j J<,W':I

Afteryoii'tiear 3quesiion: reid'tHe four possibleanswefS'iil'yoiirbook and"choose the

best answer. Then, on yovi answer sheet,_find the number ofthe<quesIioii'and fill in
the spacetbatcorresporios 'to the letter of the answer you have chosen"
"lu;i:Jeil:- 'w"f; I, J£;.')1 o! 'XIQ 011 Gl Jl~;.'1 ,1-.1 c ~

Remember, you should not take notes or write on your test pages? T; "v"
d ~-, "-J .•..~L~ a ';i!El \i'...J ,~~ ::fl!': i.ln;",,!,.;I!!G ~nt;.n 'l"I~'J ;:,/ \c1-~
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31. (A) Convince the man to take a 35. (A) Anxiety.
rock-climbing course with (B) Truth.
her. (C) Sympathy ..
(B) Find a place to go rock (D) Time.'
climbing. .
(C) Find out if a rock-climbing 36. (A) He failed his last test.
course will be offered. (B) He can't find his watch.
(D) Plan a rock-climbing trip over (C) He's taking examinations
spring break .. . soon.
(D) He missed his medical
32. (A) There is no one to teach them checkup.
how to do it.
(B) Not very many students are 37. (A) She is older than he is.
interested in it. (B) She has been through a
(C) The college doesn't have any similar experience.
rock-climbing equipment. (C) She is a medical student.
(D) There are no appropriate (D) She has a sense of humor.
places for rock climbing
nearby. 38. (A) He has never heard of them.
(B) He didn't have their number.
33. (A) Climbers develop skills useful (C) He hasn't had the time.
in other activities. (D) He couldn't afford the fee.
(B) Climbers have the opportunity
to be outside and enjoy the 39. (A) The home telephone number
scenery. of a counselor.
(C) Climbing isn't as expensive (B) A lecture on "Students in
as other sports. Distress."
(D) Learning to climb doesn't (C) A book on how to pass
take a very long time. examinations.
(D)' A course on how to cope with
34. (A) Selecting the necessary stress.
equipment.
(B) Finding a climbing partner.
(C) Increasing upper-body
strength.
(D) Discussing popular climbing
sites.

88 Practice TellC
 mmmmmIIlm
Part C

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk,
you will hear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
On the recording, you hear:

Now listen to a sample question. Sample Answer

Q)(I).<JI>
In your test book, you read: (A) To demonstrate the latest use of computer
graphics.
(B) To discuss the possibility of an economic
depression.
(C) To explain the workings of the brain.
(D) To dramatize a famous mystery story.
;
The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?" is
(C), "To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).

Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer

<l)(I)<lD.

In your test book, you read:
(A) It is required of all science majors
(B) It will never be shown again.
(C) It can help viewers improve their memory
skills.
(0) It will help with course work.

The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the
program?" is (0), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (0).
Remember, you should not take notes or write on your test pages.

Practice Telt C 89
8
 100II]] II]] 1m!m [[j] 100 '\"

"

40. (A) The diet of sailors. 44. (A) Passing around mineral •..
(B) The arrangement of museum;::), t~,;q' specimens.
exhibits. (B) Looking at minerals under the
.;J J (C), The classification of.largel£~.j HI',; ,lV' .1,'" .~r:Jinicrosc6pe~u :.:,:' -.!t~:t;:~
.~';birds",d ~i:..(l.::';'; flluiJ?~;;,>~flJ urlli ?j'.sJ (Cr Classifying minerals. "I.: 1.)'(
(D) An extinct bird. (0) Watching a slide presentation.
•.,;; 11di~:.~.:"" "U:f)~:.;ct1 b€i. 1 ,i10~!Z~: .• !Z"1 UO{ 'l.:.flA
:"J~.6 ;iL~r1 !~:",J]UO"( n:lJS'J,; ": q

41 !l(A) ,Tliey were poor swimmers:"? ,W'?ClIi 45~'(A) Dr;;Kane 'gavethein to her.':!'
(B)'They co'uldn'tf1Y?llR:lrlJ ,0 "1'JI :.Iii. OJ 2b(B) She bought thernfrom it't bn'l
(C) Their bright colors made them jeweler.
easy to see. (C) She found them in'New' H
(D) They moved in large groups. .~)1~~ico.,,"f;"~-'~ 1 "til r-0
(D)'She'collected them herself.
4t:iiA)JIt~~.~pest. ~-;'>~"n ~l,,'l'!~"",,1-'" 'n' /'
. (B) They needed food. 46: (A) They ate ilifficultlo find. '
;:c(C).They needed exercise. (B) Their color is unique.
,(D);ifhey wanted scientificS11l110mob oT • '.) (C) ,They.ar~ foun9in ,volca.nic
specimens. .l:l/liC'" 1 ~ rock.
:;'Tono~'_ C'c to r;!;r" '7'Jq :l(.: ,.,;.1:' i~JuT \l:n (D) Their size is impressive.
43. (A) On tropical islands, . .1:; rt.~ ,,;:-b
(B) In rain forests.::':. {1fW, All r;' ':;',/'l 01 ' ')
(C).-In cold ocean areas.] I; :i\.l::mub '.If (0)
(0) In grassland regions.
zi ""mm 'C;:'II'.'10 ~:'"Xf'.lq '!'j' ,., ",.11 ?j Ir.'!'/{" ll'. ,','~uc ,m 011::,"~'!l": :-"rl "If- f
~Ji ~I ~-rorb 1:;,:-1,0:) ~rJ .:'1ob',,:-:: "ltLC'I'" J,:1 Iv ;j.•Dhoff:om :ti.dqJ:~ oi"' .(:))

< ",;, ':n O:::::)i:Jl lu 1., b:;1l!JD;ll1! if tAl ,:bZ:1 (11Y( .;.Iood 1G')1 t4f)'~ ::1
• 11••.:<. """t '[U; :..d. r.\('~n~:iwJl (lfl
(101n-:n iijrlJ ~/Z.qml 21'". Cli" qLof O!"" II 0)
.d!l:;lz .
:how :It 'tlO:lIi1iw qbrllliw 11(OJ

:'lo>l~"~lt:J$.l b:::..mmu:l~' "J-Al>:Jqa )f!l 2:;'(>::>'(n'JI" no!n:lIip ::rli O1'l:Jw.ns ,~~ :::l'r
,(0)', ,nlvf!:) l'hnO:l ::lflJ.e:)<J1:lr:-:: ~',;/IL,' ,)~1;'o:.~1IWq!::l(( HIN 11"\(1) ,i' m;.1";0111
.~;'q J~,,'~uo'{I:J :!mw10 t;;~on :'ILl t~n bluc.:l fR/'{ ,:::.:njl~r~:I

IOPI'BctlceTestC

. ,------ .....-...-----
.
47. (A) A visitor to the park. 49. (A) It was the first national park.
(B) A presidential campaign (B) It was the first region
worker. explored by pioneers.
(C) A park service employee. (C) It is not accessible to
(0) A tour guide from a travel everyone.
agency. (D) It is not managed by the
National Park Service.
48. (A) Several explorers.
(B) Representatives of Congress. 50. (A) To build fires.
(C) President Grant. (B) To conduct scientific studies.
(D) A group of animal lovers. (C) To train other staff members.
(D) To guide nature walks.

This is the end of Section 1.

Stop work on section 1 now.

Tum off your cassette player.

Read the directions for Section 2 and begin work.

Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test
during the next 25 minutes.

Practice Telt C 91
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:k.~,~.~.,j
..,
.
~

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0'1 11<:';;':' >'Id(m H"J>-:,~ ns~h..:'JJ":,_L .':' ~q~~.tu;
.G"t .-<.(';~,~rtv~:. 1.,.tj10f1,{"')
::>1:.: '.. ..•.••:-~ 1"'1 ?l11 ::') ,~':l'(oIqi:'j ,,)")fr.'l .:1£q A ()i
"::\~'j~'J'''.',,J l • {':-J $~ l..ull ~LIJ:1:a 1't:0, i\ ,:1)
:;': .•,!Y- ,::.i.i J",' GIl! O{T)
.:,."\-".:; .{c'." k:c c.~.,o[
.< .J1UnrlJ.:J !.1 J;')l (A I }i.~
.<:Jltl bf' ~d:: {l, \ .0, ,,!:;," ~nJ:):,',~':,'~n,,,,:~~5jf \ dl
~-.IUL. .•'G .•••.. J.jn .•~'.J." J:';'!1~' ; ...•' T . r: I _~~.;.,..~;-j
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.,.:iJ..,. :..•.t:n :.1.1'.g 0 r (0)

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;
j

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...•,

8888888 .>I10':'}r::d~jbna !: r.cit~ lot enoito51ib orlJ bs~n

fc~ tmt ~o noUoot'l l:::rl'o YI1~r.-o",OW t':) :J~c.
TO~100
.i!1t:Jnit:1 as non o:U rr':lub

.
,
2
 Section 2
StrlJcture and
Writt.n Expr~ssion
TI••••: 25 minut •• (including the re.dlng 01the direction.)
Now •• t yo••. clock for 25 mlnut •••
•
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is
appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type. .
Structure
Directions: Questions l-15lP'C incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you
will see four words or phrases. marked (A). (B). (C), and (D). Choose the one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the.
answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be
seen.

Example I Sample Answer

a>.~<n>
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ---
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(0) regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emiihot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore. you should
choose (B). "
Examplell Sample Answer
a>(J)~.
During the early period of ocean navigation. ---
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) when there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the ~ly period of ocean navigation. there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should
ch~se (0).
Now begin wode on the questions.
-~ ","7- ;'jr :''!C.~Y:;

"'''.;,z._

'Plctlel T'lt C 93
.G~"."fJ
~::.

;,,?'. 5~ ., ';
e. e e 8
1. A microscope canieveal vastly : 5; Colo; and light; taken together,
------- detail than is visible to the -- the aesthetic, impact of the
naked eye. ;'interior of a building.,
(A) than (A) very powerfully influence
(B) than more - (B) very influence powerfully
(C) more than (C) powerfully very influence
(D) more (0) influence powerfully very

2. Narcissus bulbs ------- at least 6. ----- that Rachel Carson's 1962

three inches apart and covered,-
with about four inches of
well-drained soil.
(A) should be planted
(B) to plant
(C) must planting
(Dr-should plant
book Silent Spring was one of the
' chief sources of inspiration for the
development of nontoxic pesticides.
(A) There is likely
(B) Likely to be
(C) It is likely
(0) Likely

3. Industrialization has been 7. Total color blindness. -------, is the

responsible for ------- most result of a defect in the retina '
radical Of the environmental
(A) a rare condition that
changes caused by humans. (B) a rare condition
(A) a (C) that a rare condition
(B) th~ (0) IS a rare conditi?n
(C) some of which
(D) which are the 8. --- no conclusive evidence
exists, many expens believe that
4. In many areas the slope and the wheel was invented only once
topography of the land ---- and then diffused to the rest of the
excess rainfall to run off into a wol'ld
natural outlet.
(A) Even
(A) neither permit (B) But
(B) withoUt permitting (C) Although
(C) nor permitting (D) So
(D) do not permit

84 PrlCllcl Till C
9. Wherever there is plenty of rain 13. Most of --.--- archaeologists
during the growing season, life is lcnowabout prehistoric cultures
______in various forms. is based on studies of materiil
remains.
(A) abundant
(B) the abundance (A) these
(C) an abundant (8) what
(0) it abundant (C) which
(05 their
10. In her time, Isadora Duncan was
------- t?daya liberated woman. 14. According to some critics, the
novels of William Burroughs
(A) calling what we would demonstrate the major hazard of
(8) who would be calling absurd literature, ------ tendency
(C) what we would call toward overembellishment and
(D) she would call it incoherence ..
11. ------- around stones that are suo- (A) notwithstandi'lg
warmed, even the smallest of (8) besides
stones creates tiny currents of (C) is a
warm air. (0) its

(A) The cool air 15. Coinciding with the development

(B) If the airis cool of jazz in New Orleans in the
(C) That the air cools 1920's ---- in blues music.
(D) The cooler the air
(A) was one of the greatest periods
12. Despite its wide range of styles (8) one of the greatest periods
and instrumentation, country (C) was of the greate~t periods
music has certain common (0) the greatest periods
features ------- its own special
character. .
(A) give it that
(8) that give it
(C) give that
(D) that gives it to

~
PPlCllclrll1 C 85
-------------- --------~_.__ __
. .. ,.. _ ..• _------.----- --------------~

;.1t-,~~)~t\~f ":r~'S - •... to ~~..'!,/ .~ ~l£.-l) '/;~<,iJ'e ~~;!b l'5\',.~-l"'-._rJl

.:~;. ~
~-.mllJ~ ~-Up" !,,'n 11l')(1" Written Expression~.B_' "fl"'" ","-:'nj'L,h .
Directi~'~s: 'f In>q~esijorls f;6'!4~
:~ach sentence h~s' f~~r unae1ii~e~ ~~~~(ot'
':
phrases. The four underline"(fp:rits'of the sentence are marked (A), (B),':(C)"and (D).
Identify the one underlined word 'or phrase that must be changed iii ,order for the
sentence to be correct. Then;'on'your answer sheet, find the number:of,the question ,,
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen: ~
l~rli ,tT/
Example I , , ., C'ii::,1!~-fJ~!0C Sample Answer;'
~r; ,~Jin-'J :lln'.;? ~'Jgml'.:l:} !' .;i.iffi0N ""f.1:x!iJ .'f(D3' <C)-'<D>
Guppies are sometimes .call ~rainbow fish because. of" "j'Y l!irlw >,,: i_;:> <1\)
B
"., L.:~S£i~ i0f..:::~ ~fL :,:,If:'~1?''-A~:;,t.. C :Sfi~H~")~.~:bI..!u: "':dtlJ ,{)
r',the'males'-brightlcolors~~L'd~ - IL",:, ~":("N '\' ••• 1 ,-)j
• 'Ii ""-:'!;D;"=:~~~'i~~~~'~::i 'I Ur,..•!:.il,h#" ,t'i

The sentence shouldread,.~'Guppies are sometimes called rainbow,fish because 1.

of the males' bnght colors.;~:Therefore, you should choosiHA).:.rl! r.::r. -,~,rw,,'
,,?1 ('J) hi 'l!I:tTIlJ:.l ''''/1 2""JI:'." J :~,,.. ',-
Example II ni \;1) . Sample Ans~er

ir.s Serving, seyeral ,~:Ln.c.ongress, Shirley Chisholm :!fCEl).i ~,I,:<D>

~}iA.ii ~[\!"~i
10 ;N~B: iT~-SSlit liJ
r~:,:"} zi 1jp ~tl"f 1 ~3~
became-an,important.United States politician. 2:: ~ii.•:l !i... :..:11 j(.,fl : -')
1~ ::::', ~.A.l,;,.- ~dT ~(!)
,"'''1~ 1?:,lll:l':~ :oil' ~ "no ~8WfA) D
•
\
:,;r1':o5liO
'[~OIl'Xl !~:'lJi::r,~ (8), ~-,I'/lllo :;;,!l!1£)'-~',' eli "';T~iJ .tl
The ~entence should read, :;Serving several terms in Congress. Shirley, Chisholm became
an irnportaDt:Ul!it~d States,pqlit!cian." Therefore, you should choose,(B).,-l :.;~",;J
Now begin work on the questions. '~i::,:;'1';:'","' ,~Jl --- "".l1jj'-~'t
1:1J:••., ,,1~
11>111 J! c,n~ !l ~
J: :lV:;' tEtf' ,ti)
Lie!! ::" •• ' ()
0' ~i i::=Vf:'J )f .:1 I.:'~

.
~

.
"'•
,

-~",",

~
liB ;Praetiee treat C
.88.888'.
16. Gone With the Wind, the epic novel about life in the South during the Civil War
A B
period, took ten years write.
C D
17. None two butterflies have exactly the same design £!! their wings.
A B' C D

18. To save the California condor from extinction, a group of federal, local, and
A B
privately organizations initiated a rescue program. •
C D
19. A coral reef, ! intricate aquatic community of plants and animals, !s found
ABC
only in ~, shallow, sunlit seas.
D

20. Carnegie Hall was ~ building in New York designed special for
ABC
orchestral music.
D

21. Since it Jives in the desert, the collared lizard depends from insects for water
ABC
as well as for food.
D

22. The Texas Panhandle region, .!!!~ northwestern ~ of the state, produces'
A B
more '''heat, £2!!2!!, and grain sorghum than any of other area of Texas.
C D
23. Light rays what enter the eye ~ be focused onto a point on the retina in order
A B
for a clear visual image to form.
C D
24. The orangutan's hands and feet are designed for holding and grasping branches,
A B
and its powerful immensely arms enable it to climb and swing in trees
C
without difficulty.
D

Practice Tilt C 97
25. The extraordinary beautiful of orchids ~ them the basis of a multimillion-
ABC
dollar floral industry.
D

26. The Vennont Elementary Science Project, according to its founders, are designed
A B
to challenge some of the most widely held beliefs about teaching.
C 0
27. The number 8 t is an example of a "mixed number" because it is composing of
A B
!!l integer ~ fraction.
C 0
28. If it is kept dry, a seed can still sprout up to. forty years after their fonnation.'.
ABC 0

29. In The Sociology of Science, now considered a classic, Robert Merton discusses ~
A
cultural, economy, and social forces that contribu,ted to the development of
BCD
modem science.

30. Bacteria ~ in the soil playa vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen
ABC
~byplants.
o
31. ~ snakes have hollow teeth are called fangs that they ~ to poison their
ABC 0
victims.

32. Stars derive ~ energy !!:2!!! thennonuclear reactions that take place in their
ABC
heat interiors.
D

33. Carrie Chapman Catt organized the League of Women Voters !!!=!: successfully
A . B

.•.•
campaign for the constitutional amendment that gave women tbe11ght to vote.
C .. D:::r-- --•

-
88 P'lctlce Te.1 C
.~ 34. Any grouJ! that conducting its meetings using parliamentary rules will
A B
encounter situations ~ prescribed procedures cannot be applied.
~ C D

35. The strongly patriotic character of Charles Sangster's poetry is credited ~

ABC
greatly furthering the cause of confederation in Canada.
D
36. Jessamyn West's first and most famous novel, The Friendly Persuasion,
A
describes the life of a Quaker farmed family in the mid-1800's.
BCD

37. One ~ that Thomas Edison can take credit for is the light~.
~ ABC D
38. Electric motors range in size from the tiny mechanisms that operate
A B
sewing machine to the great engines in heavy locomotives.
C ~ D

39. The nitrogen makes up ~ 78. J)Crcent of. the Earth's atmosphere. the gaseous
ABC
mass surrounding the planet
D
40. The Mississippi, the longest river in the United States, begins as small, clear
ABC:
stream in northwestern Minnesota.
D
This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish In less than 25 minutes, check your work Or:l Section 2 only.

Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

8888888 At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.

Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

Practice Test C 99
 Questions 22-32

Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the
native fauna of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about
these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long
Line time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive - particularly behavioral-
(5) information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and,
for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to
cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.
Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen
observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures,
(10) including researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous,
active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another. Bands,
radio transmitters, or other identifying devices can be attached to them, but this of
course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable
of birds.
(15) Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these
birds are so complex and various. As preeminent generalists, members of this species'
ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly adjust
to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly.
different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams. For example, one pet crow
(20) learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog
escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food.

22. What is the main topic of the
passage?
(A) The ways in which crows
differ from other common
birds
(B) The myths and legends about
crows
(C) The characteristics that JnlIke
crows difficult to study
(0) The existing methods for
investigating crow behavior
23. According to the first paragraph,
what evidence is there that crows
have interested people for a long
time?
(A) The large number of stories
about crows
(B) The frequency with which
crows are sighted
(C). The amount of research that
has been conducted on
crows
(0) The ease with which crows
are identified

108 PPlcllCI T811 C

 27. According to the second paragraph,
24. The word "comparably" in line 5
crows are poor subjects for field
is closest in meaning to .
research for all of the following
(A) interestingly reasons EXCEYf:
(B) similarly
(A) They can successfully avoid
(C) otherwise
observers.
(D) sometimes
(B) They are hard to distinguish
• from one another.
25. In line 6, the author mentions the
(C) They can be quite aggressive.
endangered California condor as
(D) They are difficult to catch.
an example of a species that is
(A) smaller than the crow 28. In the second paragraph. the
(B) easily identifiable author implies that using radio
(C) featured in legends transmitters would allow a
(D) very rare researcher who studies crows to
(A) identify individual crows
.~ 26. The word "them" in line 10
(B) follow flocks of crows over
refers to
long distances
(A) crows (C) record the times when crows
(B) subjects are most active
(C) intentions (D) help crows that become sick
(D) researchers or injured

The questions for this passage

continue on the next page .

. '~

Practice Test C 107

 .riqngnst' bno~'J<1~~J19Ihl~!il[lg q!Jestion~ ~'~~1ba6~!'£i/P!!j'.~"
bow .,:IT .~.!:
bi~;:1-)1 ?J.~td!1z1lXJq .~_ ~p~~sage on page 0 ~i~i!in~,m III Ja:;;;ob ;j
"""".-'l,,"
,A.
~u~,,",,\.';t
-"-lc [I~ 1"-' -l'~'4'_
";,d " ' ;...<;"",;
.ij~ ••••. 1 & •••••••••'(i:gt1T2'~\j.s1!U fl.;

29. According to'ili8hifd"Tparngraph, 31. In lines 19-21, the,author mentions

D:whicn'of.thefollowingis-:-true)
about crows? ,n~/l~do
d~A:)'Ti1JyseIdo.J£ liV'e'ifil~~?6'ne
.place'for vei)/'1ong.. .
.5v(Brfhey"thnv'[in'a1wide'y~~ty
.""ill:; of en~lirohmeiitS~'lnl lU)
(C) They have marked preferences
. "",) for~erHiiJi1kinClso(fooas:lI~
(D)'rtney?tise~ii'hlJ1ef"res'ouiCes~in
.Ii onJ'area~befontmovliig~io
Qj ~'J"''-''anoiher~?onw
2 •• (113 fiwbi~{ibniiti'i1;:bi (A)
30. iln'line-I9; the' word ••.•
inClinati6ns"
, is closest in:meanfngtol{
2\i(A}' illcics ?~mi) ~.l!11bl0~J~'j ("J)
(B) opponiillHies".;m :l:S_
..>l(C)"'preferences.:wn:::, 'fbrt \ I..l)
(D) experiences'lnUtru 10
a pet crow to ilIustrate:which'of
the following? ~.~;;lti:;,lfc.z (a)
(A) The clever ways that crows
:.rtJ 21!O!lsofVe'problems .~ ::Imlf.1 ,c •
U(B)tThe differenceS'beiween-pet
,; 11ll1crowsranawild crows fIll
(C) The ease with which crows
can b'e tamed: {Hz!l::l (8)
(D) The 'affection that'crowscshow
to other creatures~v (C1)
1:'11l:J~•••;fl
32. Which of the following statern~ents
is supported by the passage?/::Il
(A) Crows have relatively long
lives. e1;'):itCUl! (a:,
(B) Crows have keen.vision.')
(C) Crows are usually solitarY~
(D) Crows are very intelligent.

eesusq sirlt lot anoi1~9Upe-t1T

.eqlq 1xen ert1 no 9untJno.o

.•.

. .;
 Questions 33-41
. .

In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the .rf:cipient, and
charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States. Congress permitted
local postmasters to give letterS to mail ca;.riers for home delivery ,but)hese carriers
Line received no government salary and their entire compensatiolloependei:l on what they
(5) were paid by th~ recipi~nts of individuallette~s.
In 1847 .the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of it postage stamp,
which of course simplified the payment for postal serVice but caused grumbling by
those who did not Iike.tei prepay: Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post
office and did not fnclude c.arrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example,
(10) with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail.
The confusion and congestion of individual citizens lookingforthelrletters was itself
enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these
cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express blisiJiessf:s developed.
Although their activities Were only semilegal, they thrived, and actually advertised that
(15) between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier thari the government
mail. Thegoverninent postal service lost volume to private competition and was not
able to handle efficientlY'even the business it had.
Finally': in 1863, Congress provided that the rilailcarriers whoaelivered the mail
from the post offices to private addresses should receive a governmenfsalary, and that
(20) there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first
confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark ofurbariism. As late as 1887,
a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the
75 million people in the United States, fewer.than 20 milli~n had mail delivered free to
their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population; still received no mail
unless they went to their post office. .,' .

33. What does the passage mainly 34. The word "varied" in line 2 could
discuss? best be replaced by
(A) Theincreased use of private (A) increased
mail services (B) differed
(B) The development of a (C) returned
government postal system (0) started
(C) ~mparison of urban and
,J rural postal services
(D) The history of postage stamps

Practice Tell C 109

35 .•Which of the foIlowing was seen 38. The word "they" in line 15 refers to
as a disadvantage of the postage (A) Boston and Philadelphia
stamp? (B) businesses
(A) It had to be purchased by the (C) arrangements
sender in advance. (D) letters
(B) It increased the cost of mail
delivery. 39. The private postal services of the
(C) It was difficult to affix to nineteenth century claimed that they
letters. could do which of the foHowing
(0) It was easy to counterfeit. better than the government?
(A) Deliver a higher volume of
36. Why does the author mention the mail.
city of Philadelphia in line 9 ? (B) Deliver mail more cheaply.
(A) It was the site of the first post (C) Deliver mail faster.
office in.the United States. (0) Deliver mail to rural areas.
(B) Its postal service was
inadequate for its 40. In 1863 the United States
population. government began providing which
(C) It was the largest city in the of the following to mail carriers?
United States in 1847. (A) A salary
(0) It was commemorated by the (B) Housing
. first United States postage (C) Transportation
stamp. (0) Free postage stamps
37. The word "cumbersome~' in line 13 41. The word "confined" in line 21 is
is closest in meaning to. closest in meaning to
(A) burdensome (A) granted
(B) handsome (B) scheduled
(C) loathsome (C) limited
(0) quarrelsome (D) recommended

110',.etlcl rllt C
 Questions 42-50
Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures.
Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematic3Ily applied to studies of
the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is
Line used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North
(5) American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical
archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists
was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.
The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most
(10) people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university
anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by
training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The
questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them
understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on
(15) historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation, and because
their own know ledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American
history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly
written, went unread.
More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have
(20) sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also
of history , providing fresh insights into the daily Iives of ordinary people whose existences
might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as
social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has lead to a
reinterpretation of the United States past.
(~5) In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that
English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly
controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable
nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's
basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

42. What does the passage mainly
discuss?
(A) Why historical archaeology
was first developed
(B) How the methods and purpose
of historical archaeology
have changed
(C) The contributions architects
make to historical
archaeology
(D) The attitude of professional
archaeologists toward
historical archaeology
43. According to the first paragraph,
what is a relatively new focus in
archaeology?
(A) Investigating the recent past
(B) Studying prehistoric cultures
(C) Excavating ancient sites in
what is now the United
States
(D) Comparing findings made in
North America and in
Europe

Prai:tlco Telt C 111

 44. According to the passage, when 48. The author mentions an excavation
had historical archaeologists been at the site of a hotel in Sacramento
trained as anthropologists? in order to give an example of
(A) Prior to the 1930's (A) a building reconstruction
(B) During the 1930's and 1940's project
(C) During the 1950's and 1960's (B) the work of the earliest
(D) After the 1960' s historical archaeologists
(C) a finding that conflicts with
45. The word "framed" in line 13 is written records
closest in meaning to (D) the kind of information that
(A) understood historians routinely examine
(B) read
(C) avoided 49. The word "supposedly" in line 26
(D) posed is closest in meaning to
(A) ruthlessly
46. In the third paragraph, the author (B) tightly
. implies that the techniques of . (C) barely
history and the techniques of (D) seemingly
social science are
(A) quite different from each 50. The word "sanitation" in line 29 is
other closest in meaning to
(B) equally useful in studying (A) city
prehistoric cultures (B) housing
(C) usually taught to students of (C) health
archaeology (D) trade
(D) both based on similar
principles

47. The phrase "their contributions" in

line 16 refers to the contributions of
(A) social scientists
(B) prehistoric cultures
(C) historians
(D) documentation anil
knowledge

112 PraCllc-e 'resl C

 This is the end of Section 3.

'.
888 ~TO~ 888
t If you finish before 55 minutes has ended,
check your work on Section 3 only.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

:\-.
f

, .~'Th~'re"iew'mateiiiu,",
;, "fOfPractice Test C
:.,ls:onpages 177"'186~
:,C.. :.'

Practice Test C 113

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 Section 1
Listening Comprehension

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to
understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section
with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is
stated or implied by the speakers in this test. When you take the actual TOEFL test,
you will not be allowed to take notes or write in yow: test book. Try to work on
Practice Test D in the same way.

Part A

Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After
each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations
and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible
answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, fmd
the number of the question and fill in the space that correspollds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
Sample Answer
On the recording, you hear: •..
.<J)<l::><Jl)

In your test book, you read: (A) He doesn't like the painting either.
(B) He doesn't know how to paint.
(C) He doesn't have any paintings.
(D) He doesn't know what to do.

You learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman likes the
painting. The best answer to the question "What does the man mean?" is (A), "He
doesn't like the painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is (A).

Practice Telt 0 119

(3
 [I][I][I][I][I][I][I]
1. (A) He couldn't find Professor
Smith's classroom.
(B) Professor Smith speaks too
slowly.
(C) He didn't understand
Professor Smith's lecture.
(D) Professor Smith kept the class
late.
6. (A) He decided to attend extra
history classes.
(B) He hopes to meet the woman
at the student center.
(C) He was too sick to work on
his paper.
(D) He's been busy working on
his paper.

2. (A) Get the concert tickets. 7. (A) Give the woman a ride home.
(B) Call Jane about the tickets. (B) Borrow the woman's car to
(C) Finish his paper. get home.
(D) Go to the concert. (C) Take a different way,home.
(D) Share the expense of the drive
3. (A) Someone already borrowed home.
her newspaper.
(B) She'll get the newspaper back 8. (A) Pick up the man at 1:00.
from the man later. (B) Meet her friends at the
(C) She can't lend the man the restaurant.
newspaper. (C) Make lunch for the man.
'(0) She hasn't had time to read (D) Do her errands after lunch.
the newspaper yet.
9. (A) Go to a different doctor.
4. (A) She is likely to get lost at the (B) Ask her doctor for a different
bus station. medication.
(B) He may be able to identify (C) Change her appointment.
her. (D) A void taking any medication.
(C) He is an old friend of hers.
(D) He has already picked her.up 10. (A) Mail the woman a catalog as
at the bus station. 'soon as possible.
(B) Look for an extra cillalog for
5. (A) She doesn't understand what the woman.
the man wants. (C) Give the woman the
(B) She forgot to order the information she needs from
flounder. the catalog.
(C) She made a mistake with the (D) Tell the woman when she can
man's order. pick up a new catalog.
(D) She'll eat the crab cakes
instead.

120 Practice Test 0

 mmmmmmm
11. (A) She bought some pottery from
Lisa.
(B) Lisa is preparing the
exhibition by herself.
(C) She hasn't seen Lisa's
pottery.
(D) She's very impressed by
Lisa's work.
12. (A) He didn't realize that he was
disturbing the woman.
(B) He doesn't understand why
the woman can't
concentrate.
(C) He didn't hear what the
woman said.
(D) He thinks the woman should
tum off the stereo.
13. (A) He won't be able to go to the
lab today.
(B) He thinks the woman is being
unfair.
(C) He agrees that the workload is
heavy.
(D) He feels the assig!1ment is
reasonable.
14. (A) She doesn't understand
modem art.
(B) She doesn't like the work of
certain artists.
(C) She's learned to appreciate
the sculptures.
(D) She agrees with the man
about the sculptures.
15. (A) Make a decision quickly.
(B) Study Italian with him.
(C) Find out about courses.
(D) Offer to teach Italian at the
community college.
Practice Telt 0 .121
16. (A) She needs to have her hair cut
more often.
(B) She hasn't had a haircut
recently.
(C) The man shouldn't joke about
other people's haircuts.
(D) Her hairdresser has been away
, for at least a month.
17. (A) The man should have used
different film.
(B) The man should buy a new
camera.
(C) It's easier to take pictures
outdoors.
(D) Taking pictures of faces is
difficult.
18. (A) They should wail for John to
bring the dessert.
(B) He wants to take John out for
dinner.
(C) The dessert also looks
impressive.
(D) He helped John make the
sandwiches.
19. (A) She requested materials a day
in advance.
(B) She got ajob in .the rare-book
section of the library.
(C) She called the head of the
library.
(D) She arrived before the library
opened.
20. (A) Professor Burke will
distribute calculators to the
students.
(B) Calculators will be useful in
. the class.
(C) Statistical calcuiations should
be done by hand.
(D) It's necessary to take a
statistics class before taking
•••
21. (A) He's probably still asleep.
(B) He spends a lot of time in the
lab.
(C) She needs to check his work.
(0) She has no idea where he is.
22. (A) She didn't buy the coat.
(B) She's glad the coat fit her so
well.
(C) She thought the coat was
overpriced.
(0) She bought the coat on sale.
23. (A) He is going to work on his
mother's house.
(B) His house is very wann in this
weather.
(C) He doesn't have time to work
on the house.
(0) He has been waiting for good
weather to repair his house.
24. (A) The man should consider
studying abroad.
(B) The man won't be able to
change Ian's mind.
(C) The man should try to get to
know Ian better.
(0) Ian probably doem't want to
study abroad.
25. (A) She's surprised the movie
won so many awards.
(B) There aren't many movies
she's interested in seeing.
(C) The man should watch the
awards ceremony.
(0) The movie is problWly worth
seeing.
122 Prlctlce TI.t 0
.26. (A) He is tired of waiting for
assistance.
(B) He doesn't have to ask his
friends for help.
(C) His foot hurts too much to
walk.
(0) He doesn't like to bother
people.
27. (A) She took the newspaper out of
the man's briefcase.
(B) The briefcase is on top of the
newspaper.
(C) The man meant to take an
article out of his briefcase.
(D) The man will soon remember
what he wanted.
28. (A) It wasn't a good investment.
(B) It should have lasted longer.
(C) The man should buy new'
parts for it.
(D) The man won't be able to get
it repaired.
29. (A) To ask for special permission
to take a class.
(B) To discuss his grade.
(C) To find out about an
. introductory course.
(0) To discuss his project.
30. (A) Proofreading her report.
(B) Trying to ask a compli~ated
question.
(C) Discussing a contract.
(D) Politely refusing to get into an
argument.
 [I]III[I][I][I][I]ITJ
Part B

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer converSations. After each
conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will
not be repeated.
After you hear a question; read the four possible answers in your book and choose the
best answer. Then; on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
~';,.,;.:--; • ;,~..A I'J

Remember. you should not take notes or write on your test pages:.
J- ..;~ t,

11 "... iI •

•.
,.
J I. .' _/t
'. .4eJ, t:'

~t-t!L_t*
, \

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Practice ITeltD123
8
 II]mIT]JI]mmm
31. (A) Writing papers for his classes. 35. (A) Collecting objects on the
(B) Meetingwith his professors .• ' beach.
(C) Doing extra work in the (B) Creating computer models.
. chemistry lab: ,. .r (C). Mapping currents in the
. (0) Working overtime asa - 1)1 .. ocean.
librarian. (0) Tracking water. pollution.; . ,,
.32. (A), Spend more time in ,the" 36: (A) An interesting piece of. wood;,
.. ' •library, 'j I n':,~',_, '. (B) .An old shoe.. ;' .
(B) Write just one paperJor all ;0 1:..J;(C). A message inside a bottle.
his classes. ' (0) An unusual shell. .
(C) Drop one of his courses. ''1 ,. , , r'~ :e.:..-,.~'~ ~
~,J ~ ~l !...::r:., ;;r: (..,~
(D) Do his research on closely' 37. (A) Chemicals.
related topics. (B) Bottles.
(C) Athletic shoes.
33. (A) She once wrote about it. (D) Model boats.
(B) She thinks the man should
write about it. 38. (A) A storm can change the
(C) She's been studying it
recently.
direction of an ocean .'
current.
(D) She panicularly likes (B) Common items can be works "\
Romantic poetry. of art. "

(C) Not all useful experiments are

34. (A) She knows he's very busy. planned ahead of time. ~
(B) He's already helped her (D) Computers cannot always
,1
enough. predict the effects of .
(C) He doesn't know enough pollution:.
.chemistry.
(D) She doesn't need any help.

...••
...
\

:124Pl'lctlce.T8ItD
 II] II] 1Il 1Il 1Il II] ITJ
Part C

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk,
you will hear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.
On the recording, you hear:

Now.listen to a sample question. Sample Answer

In your test book, you read:
(!)<D.ClP
(A) To demonstrate the latest use of computer
graphics.
(B) To discuss the possibility of an economic
depression.
(C) To explain the workings of the brain.
(D) To dramatize a famous mystery story.

The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?" is
(C), "To explain the workings of the brain." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).

Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer

(!)<D~.

In your test book, you read:
(A) It is required of all science majors.
(B) It will never be shown again.
(C) It can help viewers improve their memory
skills.
(0) It will help with course work.

The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the
program?" is (0), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).
Remember, you should not take notes or write on your test pages.

Practice Telt 0 125

8
39. (A) Possibilities for off-campus
housing.
(B) The method used to assign
housing.
(C) The impact of dormitory
repairs on the housing
situation.
(D) The cost of student housing.
40. (A) They are going to have
part-time jobs in the
housing office.
(B) They are training to become
resident advisers in
dormitories.
(C) They haven't lived off
campus before.
(D) They haven't selected housing
before.
41. (A) The dormitory the student
currently lives in.
(B) Whether the student is willing
to live off campus.
(C) The student's major.
(D) How long the student has
been at the school.
42. (A) Students who want to live off
campus.
(B) Third-year students.
(C) Students living in North
Campus dormitories.
(D) Students with older
.roommates.
128 Practice Telt 0
43. (A) Older students will no longer
be allowed to live off
campus.
(B) There will be an unusualIy
large number of first-year
students.
(C) Some dormitories will be
temporarily closed.
(D) The housing office will have
fewer employees.
44. (A) The effects of hot weather on
animals.
(B) How animals survive in
extreme temperatures ..
(C) How changes in location
affected dinosaurs.
(D) The differences between
warm- and cold-blooded
animals.
45. (A) Their ability to survive is
diminished.
(B) Their body temperature goes
down.
(C) Their ability to digest food
improves.
(D) Their level of energy and
activity increases.
46. (A) It was larger than other
dinosaurs.
(B) It was older than originally
thought .
(C) The composition of its bones
confirmed earlier findings.
(D) It was probably
warm-blooded.
47. (A) Technological changes in the
workplace.
(B) Improving interpersonal
communication in the
workplace.
(C) Developing technical writing
skills.
(0) Managing time at work.
49. (A) Listening to radio reports to
avoid traffic jams.
(B) Using public transportation to
get to work.
(C) Communicating through
computers.
(D) Traveling long distances to
get to work.

48. (A) To see how many people are
familiar with the research
discussed.
(B) To identify who
communicates with their
office electronically.
(C) To find out how many people
know Ellen Lambert.
(0) To see who has individual
questions.
50. (A) Letter-writing skills are
valued less.
(B) More secretarial staffis
required. .
(C) The location of a person' s
work gains importance.
(D) People have more flexibility
in managing their time.

This is the end of Section 1.

Stop work on Section 1 now.

Turn off your cassette player.

8888888
Read the directions for Section 2 and begin work.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test
during the next 25 minutes.

Practice Test 0 127

------------------------------------1

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 ...' Sec:tion 2

•
structu~eand
Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is

appropriate for standard .written English. There are tW<:J
types of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type.
Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath e,ach sentence you
will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be
seen.

Example I Sample Answer

Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes -------

they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(D) regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface:" Therefore, you should
choose (B).

Example II Sample Answer

@<ID@.
During the early period of ocean navigation, ----~--
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.
(A) so that hardly
(B) when there hardly was
(C) hardly was
(D) there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should
choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions.

Pr.actice Test 0 129

 1. Clinical psycholoiist Dr. Carl
Rogers found that 80 percent
---- verbal communication
involved five types of responses:
evaluative, interpretive.
supportive, probing, and
understanding.
(A) all
(B) is the
(C) with
(D) of all
2. The early feminist leader Susan B.
Anthony became increasingly
aware through her work in the
temperance movement ---- the
same rights as men.
(A) women were not granted that
(B) that women were not granted
(e) not granted women that were
(I» that were not granted women
3. DNA, ------, is found in the cell
nucleus in the form of very long
and thin molecules consisting of
two spiral strands.
(A) inherits material
(B) is inheritance material
(e) material is inherited
(D) the material of inheritance
4. -- plants. which manufacture
their own food. animals obtain
nourishment by acquiring and .
ingesting their food.
(A) Unlike
(B) Different
(e) Whereas
(D) As much
.~
130 PractiCe Telt 0
5. The Hawmian alphabet.
introduced by missionaries in the
1820's. ~-.- and only seven
consonants.
(A) the five vowels consist of
(B) consisting of five vowels
(C) that consists of five vowels
(D) consists of five vowels
6. Working lite a telescope. ----
the size of objects at great
distances.
(A) which magnifies a telephoto
lens
(B) a telephoto lens magnifIeS
(e) a telephoto lens which
magnifies
(D) and magnifying a telephoto
lens
7. Volcanoes are divided into three
main groups; based on their shape
and the type of material they
---.
(A) are made
(B) made of
(C) are made of
(D) made for
8. -- to inanimate objects. such
as machines. is a form of animism.
(A) When attributing emotion
(B) Attributing emotion
(e) Emotion is attributed
(D) If emotion is attributed
9. -------, dolphips have no sense of ] 3. The early years of the United
smell. States government were
characterized by a debate
(A) As known as far concerning --..._-- or individ~al
(B) Known thus far as states should have more power.
(C) It is known as far
(0) As far as is known (A) whether the federal
government
]0. The growth of psychobiology (B,) either the federal government
owes ------- to major conceptual (C) that the federal government
advances in the way people think (0) the federal government
about the brain.
]4. Beneath the l:treets of a modem
(A) much city ---- of walls, columns,
(B) as much as cables, pipes, and tunnels required
(C) much which to satisfy the needs of its
(0) there is so much
inhabitants. .,
11. In ]938 Pearl S. Buck became the (A) where exists the network
first American woman ------- the (B) the existing network
Nobel Prize for Literature. (C) (he network's existence
(0) exists the network
(A) receive
(B) received 15. The province of Newfoundland
(C) to receive has --- than any other region of
(0) she received North America in which the first
language is English.
]2; Now considered an art form, quilt-
making originated as a means of (A) its longer history
fashioning bed covers from bits of (B) a longer history
fabric that otherwise -----. (C) the longer the history
(0) the history is longer
(A) not use
(B) were no use
(C) had no use
(0) it was not used

Practice TellO ,131

._---------- - ,---,------
.. "------------------- ..

!Y::lir;''; ~d 1>')l111~('(rill~l!i~t~n Expr~!"~!~ .•1()n 'lVti~ondq!cl> • .()

DirectionS:;fu'quesITon5l16-?40~ach sentence has four underlined words 6~lm.t
phrases. The'Jour
underlined partS'of the sentence are marked (A), :(B),~(C)/and (D).
, Ide#Wy:~~'~~rl£~g~rlin'?~~~Tr-!.~'r phrase that must be chafi~ed inorder,fo~ th~~
sentence to, be correct.' Then; 00 your answer sheet, find the :number of, the question
and fill in the'spaee thalC()rrespoilds to the letter of the anSWer.you haVe'chbseh~'
~mmcrl~'fca.
Example I ~Il>t~b"lerll "~:!1I;; (.<n 1do~,;r;!::lV",,'Sample!Answer' r •.
In'',,m:,'~I£;-,;b::,l:,iIIBrh (J). . :CI;"i'J:~;j";PUl';'I. <B)"C:O' <ID \
Guppies are sometlmes,caU'rambow fish because,of:,,; '(CW :Ji" n. ,'..',;,' ..•
ABC ,;11>;,; .,il ;'J • ., ••
rthe males'" bright'colois.o~n:l8 .:-; lb,;; I (,'
,i"Hrt!ui, ~~,.<;.lD'"1'0-- ..-- \1::1 ;,-!\ O",)(Jdl .'_ . P~
;. "'0.-' bw\ ."~rq ,<''lldli:J
i.l::. "ul'''' (f"i.: .., [hiT', ,"))
The sentence shouldreaa, ~'Giippies are sometimes called rainbow fish :because.,'
of the males' bright colors:" Therefore, you should choose (A). ,
*,()"';~'.;,M"lli:':'l~rfw 0-.).,;li'mi&';:;.d:l •.•
;1,~1'TSoQ1'Qf ,~, :t
Example lIil)., .In' I!L'lIX'j:mJ ,tIl :.111---- ",,'11')>111Sample I Answer
:l:.U""':~•.':'lr' ~1'-~lf~'I"~O~H1 (Jl .nuJn':t,:;~;Ji.~~'.,:'~,q.p"""'V:l
SerVing several: term ,!n,Cqngress, Shirley Chisholm <!) "V~:;:l~\:f

b A '. B. U . d sr" . b:nh:n1 (8.)

; ecamean'lmportam~ m~~". tates po ItlClan. 5'1!:::::r_lc' /-~;
10 m:>i~~11::r!IO :n£C~:r;'; -- ".I D '. "',,)::11 ,:.. (UI
liml :-rlJ ,bd,', ni :>:~n-..A.rnotl
Th~ sentence sh()uldreii'd: !'Servilfg several terms inCpngre~s;.$hirley Chisholm became
an important U,nited Stat~s politi;cian." Therefore, youshouldchoose.(~)~} :;uol£lr .
Now begin work"'(jl{ffie;qu'esti8n~~») '~ld '::"'111 "'l:)'. '--' I)rl"c! ~n:J'C:rl"I,~
. x'{.n.:..~:.;~:.J a;'J~..•Jjl ::;:u \ J - ~t>.,.:"":;:J _~o J£11' Jl~:!.1'
l~}gauf 2; {lo;.:td:mJ (ti) .Z17Io-:: (A>
J;!!) Of' e""~oN {tl)
~lrJ on !;.,;rj 0)
b",w .Cil ?1:'W 1i (CY)
16. The antique colleetor must be able to distinguish ~ antiques from
A B
later imitations, which can be either reproductions!!2! fakes.
C D
17. Paint must be stirred and sometimes ~ before !l is applied.
ABC D

18. A great aviation pioneer, Amelia Earhart was already famous when she ~
A B' C
out on her ill-fated attempt to circle the globe in 1937.
D

19. Although apples do not grow during the cold season, apple trees must have
A B
~ season in order to flourish.
C D
20. Two unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and
ABC
permanently frozen ground.
D
21. Faced with petroleum shortages in the. 1970's, scientists and engineers in the
A
United States stepped up its efforts to develop more efficient heating systems
'B C ' D
and better insulation.

22. Rabbits have large front tooth, short tails, ,and hind legs and feet adapted for
~. B' C
running and jumping. ~,.. ;

D
23. Dentistry is a branch of medicine that has developed very dramatic in the last
A B' C D
twenty years. '

24. The ease of solving a jigsaw puzzle depends the number of pieces, their shapes
A B
and shadings, and the design of the picture.
C D

Practice TestD 133

 25. Plants range in size!2 tiny, single-celled, blue-green algae, invisible to the
ABC
naked eye, to giant sequoias. the largest living plants.
D

26. During the ]940's science and engineering had an impact on the way music
A
reach its audience and ~ influenced the way in which it was composed.
BCD

27. !!l1860 the railroads of the United States J!!g 3.000 miles~, three-
ABC
quarters of which it was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio
D
River.

28. Ballads were early types of ~ and may have been among ! first kinds of
ABC
music.
D

29. The thin outer layer of the skin is £!!!=!! the epidermis. ~ the layer inner.
ABC D
which is slightly thicker, is called the dermis.

30. With the incorporation of jazz history into ~ academic curricula. leading
ABC
jazz musicians are now founding on the faculties of several universities.
D

31. Humus, a substaneef2!!!!2 in soil, is ~ and spongy and enables plant roots to
A B
send ~ tiny hairs through that they absorb water and food.
C D

32. Although flies live longest in cool temperatures. !! breed prolifically when
A B
temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate.
C D
33. Alaska's vast areas of untamed wilderness ~ many people who enjoy the

-.
ABC D
outdoors.

134 Practice Teat 0

34. The giant panda closely resembles the bear. but account of cenain anatomical
ABC
features it is placed in the raccoon family.
D
35. The ode was original a ceremonial. poem written to celebrate public occasions
ABC
~ exalted subjects.
D
36. Even as he ~ copiously on such diverse topic as education. politics. lUld
A B
.religion. Lewis Mumford remained active in city an4 regional planning.
C D
37. Oscillation is a electronic function that changes direct current to the signal of
ABC
~ frequency.
D
38. Papier-mAche figures by Stephen Hensen. which they cheerfully depicted life
A B
in the Information Age, were the ~ of an exhibit ~ Museum of
C D
American History.

39. Pharmacist fill drug prescriptions, keeping records of the dJ.ugs their patients
A B
are taking to make sure that harmful combinations are not prescribed.
C D
.
40. Great technical advances in aerial and ~ photography ~ been made
ABC
since end of the Second World War.
D

Practlcl TI.t D 111

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--,.•..

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138 Practice Test 0
 Section 3
Reading Comprehension
Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 55 minutes.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by
several questions about it. For questions 1-50; you are to choose the one best answer,
(A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number
of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in
that passage.
Read the following passage:
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to
draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants
have set out their wares atdaybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated,
Line people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day. The
(5) value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic:
the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in
fits and starts; the very "tabric of modem society would begin to unravel.
Example I Sample Answer
What is the main idea of the passage? @ <ID • <ID
(A) In modem society we must make more time
for our neighbors.
(B) The traditions of society are timeless.
(C) An accepted way of measuring time is essential
for the smooth functioning of society.
(D) Society judges people by the times at which'
they conduct certain activities.
The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is to be
measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C).
Example II .. Sa.nple Answer
In line 5, the phrase "this tradition" refers to @ <ID @ •

(A) the practice of starting the business day at dawn

(B) friendly relations between neighbors
(C) the railroad's reliance on time schedules
(D) people's agreement on the measurement of time
The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough
agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day." Therefore, you should choose (D).

~fl~l~~}!~~''''ion, ••••.
Practice Test D. 137
 Questions 1.8

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an
education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to
go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark
Line is important.
(5) Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education
knows _bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job,
whether in a. kitchen or .on a'tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place
in school$'lld the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can
range fro}Qa revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a
(10) child, to a cbr..inguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,
education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may
lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions, People are engaged in
education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a
lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that
(15) should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general
pattern ,'aries little from one'setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive
at school at approxjma.ely tbe,sarne time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult,
use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams; and so on. The slices of reality that
(20) are to be leamed, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings 0 .'
government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.
For example, high school'studentS know that they are not likely to find but in their
classes' the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest
filmmakers are experimenting with, There are definite conditions surrounding the
formalized process of schooling.

I. What does the author probably 2. The word "bounds" in line 6 is

mean by using the expression . closeSt in'meaning to
"children interrupt their education (A) rules
to go to school" (lines 2-3) ? (B) experiences
(A) Going to several different (C) limits '
schools is educationally (0) exceptions
beneficial:
.(B) School vaCations interrupt the
continuity of the school
year.
(C) Summer school makes the
school year too long.
(0) All of life is an education.

1:38 Practle. 'lit 0

3. The word "cham:e" in line 11 is 7. The passage supports which of the
closest in meaning to following conclusions?
(A) unplanned (A) Without fonnal education,
(B) unusual people would remain
(C) lengthy ignorant.
(D) lively (B) Education systems need to be
radically refomled.
4. The word "integral" in line 15 is (C) Going to school is only part
closest in meaning to of how people become
educated.
(A) an equitable (0) Education involves many
(B) a profitable years of professional
(C) a pleasant training.
(D) an essential.
8. The passage is organized by
5. The word "they" in line 20
refers to . (A) listing and discussing several
educational problems
(A) slices of reality (B) contrasting the meanings of
(B) similar textbooks two related words .
(C) boundaries (C) narrating a story about
(0) seats excellent teachers
(0) giving examples of different
6. The phrase "For example," kinds of schools
line 22, introduces a sentence
that gives examples of
(A) similar textbooks
(B) the results of schooling
(C) the workings of a government
(D) the boundaries of classroom
subjects

Practlcl TI.t 0 188

 Questions 9-17

The hard, rigid plates that fonn the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100
kilometers thick. These plates include both the Earth's cmst and the upper mantle.
The rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements, like
Line aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavier elements, like iron and
(5) magnesium. Together, the cmst and upper mantle that fonn the surface plates are called
the lithosphere. This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the
way a wooden raft floats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer
of the lower mantle called the asthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, the
lithospheric plates are carried along by slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath
(/0) them.
With an understanding of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history
for the Earth's surface. About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth's surface
formed a "supercontinent" called Pangaea. When this supercontinent started to tear
apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses
(15) with a newly fonned sea that grew between the land areas as the depression filled with
water. The southern one - which included the modem continents of South America, '
Africa, Australia, and Antarctica - is called Gondwanaland. The northern one - with
North America, Europe, and Asia - is called Laurasia. North America tore a~ay from
Europe about 180 million years ago, fonning the northern Atlantic Ocean.
(20) Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean Ooor and others carry land masses or a
combination of the two types. The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible
for earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth's largest mountain ranges. Current
understanding of the interaction between different plates explains why these occur
where they do. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the "Ring
(25) of Fire" because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the
1960's, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes
were concentrated in that region. The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer.

9. With which of the following 10. According to the passage, the

topics is the passage mainly lithospheric plates are given
concerned? support by the
(A) The contributions of the (A) upper mantle
theory of plate tectonics to (B) ocean floor
geological knowledge (C) crust
(B) The mineral composition of (0) astheno~phere
the Earth's ernst
(C) The location of the Earth's
major plates
(D) The methods used by
scientists to measure plate
movement -.

140 Practice Test 0

11. The author compares the 15. In line 27, the word
relationship between the "concentrated" is closest in
lithosphere and the asthenosphere meaning. to which of the
to which of the following? following?
(A) Lava flowing from a volcano (A) Allowed
(B) A boat floating on the water (B) Clustered'
(C) A fish swimming in a pond (C) Exploded
(D) The erosion of rocks by (D) ,Strengthened
running water
16. Which of the following canbe
12. The word "one" in line 16 inferred about the theory of plate
refers to tectonics?
(A) movements (A) It is no longer of great interest
(B) masses to geologists.
(C) sea (B) It was first proposed in the
(D) depression 1960's.
(C) It fails to explain why
13. According to the passage, the earthquakes occur.
northern Atlantic Ocean was (0) It refutes the theory of
formed when the existence of a
supercontinent.
(A) Pangaea was created
(B) plate movement ceased
(C) Gondwanaland collided with 17. The paragraph following the
Pangaea passage most probably discusses
(D) parts of Laurasia separated (A) why certain geological events
from each other happen where they do
(B) how geological occurrences
14. The word "carry" in line 20 could have changed over the years
best be replaced by (C) the most unusual geological
developments in the Earth's
(A) damage
(B) squeeze history
(C) connect (D) the latest innovations in
(D) support geological measurement

Practice Test D 141

 Questions 18-27

In the United States in the early 1800' s, individual state governments had more
effect on tbe :::conomy than did the federal government. States chartered
manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the
Line construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railmads.
(5) The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually
establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of
the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.
In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly
large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection
(10) programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the
economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state
regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail
merchants of various kinds. The perishable commodities of trade generally came under
state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were
(15) also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labOr
and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including
setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.
Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal
government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and
(20) the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government
pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking
activities in the country and. in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the
frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public
western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating in the Homestead Act of 1862,
(25) by which title to'land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up
;1 system of tariffs that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for
position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates
throughout the nineteenth century.

18. What does the passage mainly 19. The word "effect" in line 2 is
discuss? closest in meaning to
(A) States' rights versus federal (A) value
rights (B) argument
(B) The participation of state (C) influence
governments in railroad, (D) restraint
canal, and turnpike
construction
(C) The roles of state and federal
governments in the
economy of the nineteenth
century
(D) Regulatory activity b)' state
governments
!~•.

142 Practice Telt 0

20. All of the foJlowing are,mentioned 23. Thereg1llatoiy activities of state
in the passage as areas that . govlmurients included all of the
involved state governments in the following EXCE.J'T
nineteentheentul)' EXCEPT (A) licensing of retail merchants
(A) mining (B) inspecting materials used in
(B) banting turnpike maintenance
(C) manufacturing (C) imposing limits onprice-
(0) higher education
, fixing
(D) control of lumber
21. The word "distinct" in line 5 is
closest in meaning to 24. The word .'setting" in line 17 is
closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) innovative (A) discussing
(C) aJanning (B) analyzing
(0) provocative (C) establishing
(D) avoiding
22. It can be inferred from the first
paragraph that in the nineteenth 25. The word "ends" in line 20 is
century canals and railroads were closest in meaning to
(A) built with money that came (A) benefits
from the federal government (B) decisions
(B) much more expensive to build (C) services
than they had been (D) goals
previously
(C) buih predominantly in the
western pan of the countl)'
(D) sometimes built in pan by
state companies

The questions for this passage

continue on the next page.

Practice Test 0 143

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PractlCB.Test 0 .145
f ~~,J;; .•. c ~ • ' ,_ i • •
 Questions 28-37

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was fonned.
Yet anoahertbree billion years were 10 pass before the first plants and animals appeared
m11he continents. Life's transition from the sea to the bmd was perhaps as much of an
LiM evolUlionuy challenge as was the genesis of life.
(5) WIW fonns of life were lIble to make such a dnIsIic clwlge in lifestyle? The
trulitional view of the firsttenestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively
lm'ge specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vescular plants, related to
modem seed pllmts madferns. left the first comprehensive megafossil record Because
of this, it bas been commonly assumed that the sequence of lerrestrialization reflected
(10) the evoluticm of modem terrestrial ecosystems. In this view. primitive vascular plants
first colonized the nwgins of continental waters, followed by cnimals that fed on the
plmlts. and Jastly by mJimais thai preyed on the plcnt-eatelS. Moreover. the megafossils
suggest th&lterreSlriailife appeared and diversified explosively near the boundaJy
bdween the Silurilm end the Devonian periods, a liltle more lban 400 million
(15) yems llIO.
R.ecently, however, paleontologists have been hiking a closer look at the sedimentS
below this Silurim-Devoman geological boundary. II turns OUllhat some fossils ccn be
extrected from dt!se sediments by putting the rocks in an ecid bath. The technique bas
UItCOverednew evidence from sedimmlS th=t WeR:depnsiled near the shores of the
(20) zncienl ocecns-plcnl microfossils and microseopi~ p3eces of smallllDimais. In many
instmtt:es the sp:cinmJs ere less lh::n one-ten!h of a millimeter in dilllllder. Although
they were entombed.in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils
consist of the organic renWns of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously
(25) umno\VD mpnisms, but have also ~ back these dates for the invasion of Imtd by
multicellullll' organisms. Our views about the Reture of the ecrly plant and animal
communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations
llbout the first terrestriallife-fonns.

28. The wonI"dnlsIic" in line 5 30. According to the pusage, wh!at

is closest in n=aning to happened tbout 400 million years
(A) wid:sprea:d ago?
(B) mdical (A) Mmy terreslriallife-fonns
(C) progressive died out.
(D) riSley (B) New life-fonns on land
developed III a rapid rale.
29. According to the theory lbatthe (C) The megafossils were
author calls "tile tn:ditional view," destroyed by Ooods.
whet was the first form of life to (D) Ute began 10 develop in the
appeu on Imtd? mcientsem>.
(A) Bederia
(B) Met1-eeting miDlllls
(C) Pbmt-ccling mJiDIllIs
(0) V=:u!crpL~

148 PPlelteo Toal 0

31. The word "extracted" in line 18 35. The word "entombed" in line 22
is closest in meaning to is closest in meaning to
(A) located (A) crushed
(B) preserved (B) trapped
(C) removed (C) produced
(0) studied (0) excavated

32. What can be inferred from the
passage about the fossils
mentioned In lines 17-20?
(A) They have not been helpful in
understanding the evolution
of terrestrial life.
(B)11Iey were found in
approximately the same
numbers as vascular plant
fossils.
(C) They are older than the
megafossils.
(0) 11Iey consist of modem life-
forms.
36. Which of the following resulted
from the discovery of microscopic
fossils?
(A) The time estimate for tbefirst
ap~ of terrestrial -.
life-forms was revised.
(B) Old techniques for analyzing
fossils were found to have
.new~
(C) .The origins of primitive sea
. life were eXplained.
(0) Assumptions' about the
locations of anmt seas
were changed.

33. 11Ie word "instances" in line 21 37. With which ofthefollo'wing

is closest in meaning to conclusioDs would the author
(A) methods probabiyagree?
(B) processes (A) The evolution. of terrestrial
(C) cases life .was as complicated as
(0) reasons the origin of life itself.
(B) The discovery of microfossils
34. The word "they" in line 22 supports the traditional view
refers to of bow terrestrial life
(A) rocks evolved.
(C) .New species have appeared at
(B) shores
the same rate oYer tbe
(C) oceans
course of the last 400
(0) specimens
million years. ..
(D) The technology;~d by ,
paleontologisis is ,too
primitive to makeaccurale
determinations.bout ages
of fossilS.
 Questions 38.50

What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary,
everyday "folks" who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art
of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially
Line middle-class republics - whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch
(5) burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans - have always shown a marked taste for
portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained
increasing numbers of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.
The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New .
England - especially Connecticut and Massachusetts - for this was a wealthy and
(10) populous region arid the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after
the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing
westward, and portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio,
Kentucky, Dlinois,and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the
United States's population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had
(15) been added to the original thirteen. During these years the demand for portraits grew
and grew, eventually to be satisfied by the camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was '
introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the
new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original
portrait became a IUltury, commissioned by the weaIthyand executed by the
(20) professional.
But in the heyday of portrait painting - from the late eighteenth century until the
1850's anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a Iimner, as such a
portraitist was called Local craftspeople - sign, coach, and house painters - began to
paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began
(25) by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests
for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and
brushes and to travel the countryside, often, combining house decorating with portrait
painting.

38. In lines 4-5 the author 39. The word "marked" in line 5 is
mentions seventeenth-century closest in meaning to
Dutch burghers as an example (A) pronounced
of ,a group that (B) fortunate
(A) consisted mainly of self- (C) understandable
taught artists .. (0) mysterious
(B) appreciated portraits
(C) influenced American folk art
(0) had little time for the arts

148 Practice Telt 0

40. According to the passage, where
'were many of the first American
folk art portraits painted? .
(A) In western NewYork. ..:t';
(B) In Illinois and Miss6iin .
44. The relationship between the
daguerreotype (line 16) and
the painted portrait is similar
to the relationship between the
-automobile and the '
-11

(C) In Connecticut and (A) highway

Massachusetts (B) driver
(0) In Ohio (C) horse-drawn carriage
(D) engine
41. The word "this" in line 9
refers to 45. According to the passage, which
of the following contributed to a
(A) a strong craft tradition decline in the demand for painted
(B) American folk. art portraits? .
(C) New England
(0) western New York (A) The lack of a strong craft
tradition
42. How much did the population of (B) The westward migration of
the United States increase in the many painters
first fifty years following (C) The growing preference for
independence? landscape paintings
(D) The invention of the camera
(A) It became three times larger.
(B) It became five times larger. 46 .. The word "executed" in line 19 is
(C) It became eleven times larger.
closest in meaning to
(D) It became thirteen times
larger. (A) sold
(B) requested
43. The phrase ''ushering in" in (C) admired
line 17 is closest in meaning to (D) created
(A) beginning ~ 47. The author implies that most
(B) demanding limners (line 22)
(C) publishing
(D) increasing (A) received instruction from
traveling teachers
(B) were women
(C) were from wealthy families
(D) had no formal art training

Practice Teat 0 1~9

 48. The word "sketching" in line 25 is 50. The phrase "worth their while" in
closest in meaning to line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) drawing (A) essential
(B) hiring (B) educational
(C) helping (C) profitable
(0) discussing (0) pleasurable

49. Where in the passage does the

author provide a definition?
(A) Lines 3-6
(B) Lines 8-10
(C) Lines 13-15
(D) Lines 21-23

.'

This is the end of Section 3.

8888888
If you finish before 55 minutes has ended,
check your work on Section 3 only.
Do NOT reed or work on any other section of the test

th.:•.•.•••••••. ~•
forPracilce1at:D
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• Review - Practice Test A 153

• Review - Practice Test B 165

•. Review - PraCtice Test C .177

•.
I
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• Review - Practice Test D 187

I - Revle. Mlterlll 161

 ----,
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Practice Test A: Review

~ Use the answer key tor Test A to determine which questions you answered
correctly.
~ Rewind the cassette (Side 1) to the beginning of the Listening Comprehen-
sion section.
~ Tear out the script on pages155-163. Place it next to the test questions so
you can see the four answer choice~,
~ Read the script as you listen'to the recorded material. It will help you
recognize words that you may not have understood correctly.

1. A 26. A 1. 8 21. 8 1. 8 26. A

2. A 27. A 2. C 22. e 2. 8 27. C
3. 8 28. e 3. C 23. e 3. 0 28. C
4. A 29. A 4. 8 24. A 4. 0 29. 0
5. A 30. A 5. 8 25. 8 5. e 30. 8
6. 0 31. e 6. 0 26. A 6. A 31. A
7. C 32. 0 7. A 27. A 7. 8 32. 8
8. e 3a. B 8. 0 28. 0 8. 0 33. 8
9. A 34. A 9. C 29. e 9. A 34. 0
10. A 35. e 10. A 30. D 10. 0 35. A
11. C 36. a 11. B 31. e 11. e 36. A
12. C 37. A 12. A 32. 0 12. 0 37. 8
13. 0 38. 0 13. 0 33. A 13. e 38. A
14. 8 39. 0 14. A 34. e 14. A 39. 8
15. A 40. e 15. 8 35. e 15. 8 40. A
16. 8 41. B 16. 8 36. 0 16. A 41. 0
17. 8 42. A 17. e 37. e 17. 8 42. 0
18. 8 43. 8 18. e 38. A 18. 0 43. A
19. 0 44. 0 19. A 39. e 19. 0 44. A
20. 8 45. A 20. 0 40. e 20. 8 45. 8
21. 8 46. C 21. 0 46. C
22. 0 47. C 22. 0 47. A
23. 0 48. B 23. 0 48. C
24. 0 49. e 24. C 49.
50.
8
0
25. 8 50. A 25. C

You must score your own TOEFL answer sheet.

Do NOT send 1t to the TOEFL office.
If you do, the answer sheet will not be returned to you.

Review Material 153

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Listening Comprehension Script A

Part A

1. (woman) How often do the buies ron?

(man) Every half hour on weekdays, but I'm not sure about weekends.
There's a schedule on the comer by the bus stop. .
(1UJ"ator) What does the man imply?

2. (man) It's really nice of you to visit me when I'm so miserable with
the flu; I'm sure I'd feel much better if I just bad some of my
mom's homemide chicken soup.
(woman) That will be hard to come by, but a cup of hot rea
might help.
(narrator) What will the woman probably do next?

3. (man) IstiU have some things to peck before we leave. .

(woman) We're supposed to be at the'airport in half an hour, so you'd
better get a move on.
(1UJrrator) What does the woman mean?

4. (man) Maybe o~ night ~t week we could get together for clinDer7

How about Monday? .
(woman) I bave two clauet on Monday and Wednelday, one class on
ThWllday, and I work Monday to Friday. Maybe next month
during vacation.
(1UJrrator) What does the woman mean?

S. (woman) Did you bring home the leeds for the vegetable garden?
(man) The nunery was closed when I got there.
(1UJrrator) What did the man do?

6. (woman) We're offering quite a few programs this fall. feel free to call
any time and talk to the nunC.
(man) Maybe I'll do that. There are wme things I'd IiJcc to know
about die weight reduction program you're offering.
(1UJfflIlOr) What does the man imply?

7. (woman) Excuse me. An egg feU outof the carton and broke on the floor.
(man) Thanks for telling me. I'll take care of it before someone slips on it.
(1UJrrator) What is the man going to do?

Revle. IIltl.1I1 155

Listening Comprehension Script A
8. (man) 1tell you, I'm not sure how much longer I can keep waking up
for these early morning classes.
(woman) Well, you've never been an early riser. Maybe you should
remember that when you choose your classes for next semester.
(narrator) What does the woman suggest the man do?

9. (woman) You're the manager? Look, the strap on this suitcase broke the first
time I used it. I'd like to get my money back, or at least store credit.
(man) I've sold hund. 4. of these suitcases, and this is the first time
anything's happ" ••"d. Why don't you try another?
(narrator) What does the man want to do for the woman?

10. (man) You know I'm on your side, Alice, and even I think
you're overreacting.
(woman) Well, that's your opinion, isn't it?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

11. (woman) Do you have change for a fifty-dolIar bill?

(man) A fifty-dollar bill! I hardly have fifty cents!
(narrator) What does the man mean?

12. (womat,) I think you've been working too hard. You should take a vacation.
(man) Tell that to this stack of papers on my desk!
(narrator) What can be inferred about the man?

13. (man) Julia asked me to pick up the guest speaker, Bob Russell, at
the airport this afternoon. Do you know what he looks like?
(woman) He stands out. He's really tall and always wears a bow tie.
(narrator) What can be inferred abol;ltthe guest speaker?

14. (woman) Whoops! Dh no! I got coffee allover your shirt. I'm so sorry.
(man) Don't worry about it. That's what dry cleaners are for.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

15. (woman) Hey, Bill, how's it going with the new house? Are you all
settled in yet?
(man) Far from.it. There are boxes everywhere. I can't wait for
everything to get back to normaL
(narrator) What does the man imply?

158 Review Material

•...
~-------------------

L~stening Comprehension Script A

16. (man) To major in astrophysics you need to take two semesters-of

physics and math as a freshman.
(woman) O.K., and I see the college bulletin suggests waiting until my
second year to take astronomy.
(narrator) What can be inferred about the woman?

17. (man) Dennis would like us to go bowling with him this weekend.
(woman) I'd love to-but not until I get this project out of the way ...
and that could take weeks!
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

18. (woman) Will you need a ride to work while your car's being repaired?
(man) Actually, I thought I'd ask Eric. He lives closer to me.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

19. (woman) Look at this traffic. By the time we get to the museum, we'll
only have an hour to look around before it closes.
(man) You may be right, but since we can't do anything about it, we
may as well try to relax.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

20. (man) Hey, Judy. will you let me know when ten minutes have passed?
I'm putting the spaghetti in now.
(woman) Sure. There's nothing worse than soggy, overcooked spaghetti.
(narrator) \\'hat does the woman mean?

21. (man) I've got to do well on this research paper to pass history.
(woman) So I guess you'll be spending the weekend in the library.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

22. (man) I have band rehearsal tonight. I guess we won't be able to

go to the movies.
(woman) Another rehearsal! Am I ever sick and tired of your rehearsals!
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

23. (woman) The gym looks pretty crowded. Are there always this many
people here?
(man) It changes according to the time of day.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

Review Material 157

Listening Comprehension Script A
24. (man4 Gloria is really pleased with her promotion.
(woman) She certainly deserves it after all these yean.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

25. (man) The people in this course seem really enthusiastic about it.
(woman) Most of them do, at any rate.
(na"ator) What does the woman imply about the course?

26. (woman) Mike sure was surprised that he had a hard time assembling
his new bike. .
(man) Well, that's 10 be expected with no instruction manual.
(narrator) What does the inan imply?

27. (woman) Have you ever used a camera like this beCOIe?
(man) I used to have one very similar to it.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

28. (man) We got a thank-you note from Nancy today. She said she's
already worn the scarf we sent
(woman) That's great I wasn't sure iCshe'd wear red.
(narrator) What had the woman been concerned about?

29. (woman) This is the car you bought? I've never seen such an old jalopy!
(man) It may not look like much, but it gets me where I'm going.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

30. (man) I see you got a new book bag. You're not using that old ripped
one any more.
(woman) On top of that, I had to buy a new statistics book 'cause my
old one fell out of the ripped book bag.
(na"ator) What can be inferred about the woman? .

Part B

Ouestions 31 tbroIqdJ 34. Listen to a conversation ata zoo.

(woman) Let's go into the penguin house.

(man) Great! I read that they've added a couple of emperor penguins
from Antan:tica.

158 Review Material

..' __ \0 __ __-..-. ~ ~. - '" - •

Listening Comprehension Script A

. (woman) I wu bopiDg to stay in the Warmer section. You know, they have
some penguins here from the Galapagos Islands - and tbat's
pnctic:alJy on the equator.
(man) But the emperor penguin's huge! It's a lot bigger than the
Gal'pagcs pcuguin _ iii f8ct,ifs bigger than all the other
penguins - almost four feet high.
(WtJfQOn) Imagine a bUd that size flying through the air ..•
(man) Penguim doa"'c:tually fly. .
(wtRrWlII) I know tha. 1bey just son of ... ~addtc.
(man) They swim. 100. E'¥eDthough they're feadJered. their wings
are IIMXC like flippers - they wort likc J*idIes in the water.
I thought they were 1aDdanimals.
They lay their eggs on land. Theymah their nests in these
enonuoos colonies called rookeries. See, the emperor penguin
.has this iDteIaling nestiDg babit.1be female bird leaves. the
ocean at the beginning of autumn. Sbe lays an egg on the ice
and then jmnv:djltt:ly mums to the water.
WhIt bappcDs to the egg?
1be male rolls it 0lIl0 his feet IDd theB CCM:IS it with the lowc:r
part of his beDy.
(lJIIOffIIIII ) TheDwhat?
(man) Fclrtwo wboIe 1DOIIIbs..
during the WU'Sl put of the winter, he
buddies together with other male penguins to keep the eggs warm.
(woman) So the female brings him food? .
(man) No. See, the peaguin can fast for up to four mmtbs. The female
CClIIICS bid: ala the chick batches. When she docs. the male goes
out to .sea to get food for himself and the chick.

31. Why does the mao want to visit the peaguin house?

32. What is UDiqueabout the emperor penguin?

33. What does the man say about the wings oCtile penguin?

34. What does the male emperor pcllguin do after the female lays an egg?

Review Material 159

Listening Comprehension Script A

Questions 35 throueh 38. Listen to two friends talk about a magazine article.
(woman) Mark really needs to see this article in Psychology Weekly.
(man) Why? What's it on?
(woman) Reasons for negative behavior patterns -like procrastination,
habitual lateness . . .
(man) You're right That's MllJk. He's never on time.
So what does it say?
(w0"'fln) That people who are always late often do it for a reason -
either conscious or unconscious. It could be an expression
of anger and resentment - or a way of resisting authority.
It could even be anxiety.
(man) Well, I don't know. In Mark's case, I think it's because he
wants to be noticed.
(woman) That's the next reason in the article - the need for attention.
They give the example of movie stars who used to make these
grand entrances.
(man) That's not really Mark's style though - he's so quiet.
(woman) What gets me is that he's late for his friends all the time -
but not for other things, like work.
(man) Well .... but they might deduct pay for that.
(woman) Exactly. You know, sometimes I'm tempted to tell him to come at,
say, seven, and everybody else at 7:IS.1ben maybe we wouldn't
have to wait so long.
(man) We have to try something ..You know, he confessed to me one day
that he \";:15 even late for his sister's wedding. She was really angry.
(woman) I remember that. He was in the wedding - so they couldn't start
until he got there.
(man) Maybe you should slip that magazine under his door -
anonymously. And hope he gets the message.

35. What is the main subject of the magazine article?

36. What do Mark's friends think is the reason for his problem?

37. What do the speakers say about Mark's recent behavior?

38. What solution does the woman consider?

180 Review Material

Listening Comprehension Script A
Part C

Questions 39 tbroueb 42. Listen to a talk about food labels.

("um) Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important

consideration for manufacturers, since more than seventy percent of
shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a product.
A recent controversy as to whether labels on prepared foods should
educate or merely inform the consumer is over, and a consumer group
got its way. The group had maintained that product labels should do
more than simply list how many grams of nutrients a food contains.
Their contention was that labels should also list the percentage of a
day's total nutrients that the product will supply to the consumer,
because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet.
A government agency disagreed strongly, favoring a label that
merely informs the consumer, in other words, a label that only lists
the contents of the product. The agency maintained that consumers
could decide for themselves if the food is nutritious and is meeting
• their daily needs.
The consumer group, in supporting its case, had cited a survey in
which shoppers were shown a food label, and were then asked if
they would need more or less !?f a certain nu,trient after eating a
serving of this product. The shoppers weren't able to answer the
questions easily when they were not given a specific percentage.
,
This study, and others helped get the new reguIation passed, and
now fOOdproducts must have the more detailed labels.

39. What was the controversy about?

40. Why does the speaker mention that more than seventy percent of people
read food labels?

41. What did the consumer group propose?

42. What did the survey of food shoppers reveal?

Review Malerlal 161

Lis~en;ng Comprehension Scr!pt A

Ouestions 43 throulW 47, Listen to a talk being given by an airline representative

at a college fair.

(woman) Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with
our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill
openings for flight attendants.

First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be

accepted into our training program - and with so many people
applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of
applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a
thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving
the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.
Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program
makes it through. The course meets six days a week for five weeks.
The training includes extensive classroom work in such subjects
as first'aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training
in flight procedures and meai service. A lot of our graduates say that
our flight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and
a public relations executive!
But. as a flight attendant myself. I can say that all of the hard work
is worth it. Of course. I get to travel throughout the country, and
the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base
station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with
people from all over the country!

43. What is the purpose of the talk?

44. According to the speaker, what are applicants to the training

program required to have?

45. What subject matter does the speaker mention is included in the training?

46. Why does the speaker mention headwaiters?

47. What <toes the speaker like most about her job?

182 Review Material

Listening Comprehension Script A
Questions 48 throueh SO. Listen to part of a talk in a geology class.

(woman) Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift,
at the end of the last ice age ..
But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about
climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent
patterns of weather over significant pc;riods of time.
In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance Of
the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere
as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water,
and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is
so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crode
approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses
about the causes of climatic change.
Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance,
volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change.
When large volcanoes eropt, they disperse tons of particles into the
upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less
light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be
a cooling of the Earth's surface.
Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate
change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve
several different mechanisms operating at the same time.

48. How does the speaker begin her discussion?

49. What does the speaker mean by the phrase "the energy balance of the Earth"?

50. Why do meteorologists have difficulty testing hypotheses about climatic changes?

Review Material 163

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Practice Test B: Review
~ Use the answer key for Test B to determine which questions you answered
correctly.
~ Rewind the cassette (Side 2) to the beginning of the Listening Comprehen-
sion section. .
~ Tear out the script on.pages , 67-175. Place It next to the test questions so
you can see the four answer choices. '
~ Read the script as you listen to the recorded material. It will help you
recognize words that you may not have understood cOrrectly.

Test B • Answer Key

'. SectIon 3
SectIon 1 Section 2

1. e 26. e 1. B 21. e 1. e 26. A

2. A 27. A 2. e 22. A 2. A 27. e
3. 0 28. 0 3. e 23. A 3. 0 28. e
4. 0 29. 0 4. 0 24. A 4. 8 29. e
5. e 30. B 5. 8 25. 0 5. A 30. 0
6. e 31. A 6. A 26. e 6. A 31. 0
7. A 32. B 7. 8 27. B 7. 0 32. 0
8. 0 33. 0 8. e 28. 0 8. 0 33. C
9. B 34. e 9. A 29. A 9. A 34. e
10. e 35. e 10. 8 30. 0 10. 8 35. A
11. A 36. 0 11. 0 31. e 11. A 36. A
12. e 37. e 12. 0 32. e 12. e 37. e
13. A 38. B 13. A 33. 0 13. A 38. 0
14. A 39. A 14. e 34. 0 14. 0 39. A
15. e 40. 0 15. B 35. 0 15. 8 40. e
16. B 41. e 16. B 36. A 16. A 41. B
17. e 42. B 17. e 37. e 17. B 42. B
18. 0 43. e 18. A 38. 0 18. B 43. A
19. B 44. B 19. B 39. A 19. B 44. B
20. 0 45. e 20. A 40. 0 20. 0 45. B
21. e 46. B I 21. e 46. e
22. B 47. 0 22. A 47. e
23. 0 48. B 23. B 48. A
24. C 49. C 24. A 49. 0
25. 0 50. A 25. B 50. A

Review Material 185

 - ~,. - ~! ..
,
.; .. -
Listening Comprehension Script B

Part A

l. (man) Pardon me, Miss. Do you have change for a dollar?

(woman) I'm afraid not; you'll have to ask someone else.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

2. (woman) Do you know Jean's phone number?

(man) Try calling Kathy.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

3. (man) How was the weather for your hiking trip last Saturday?
(woman) It drizzled in the morning, but got sunny in the afternoon.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

4. (man) I've had tIm cold for two weeks now, and I can't seem
to get rid of it.
(woman) Have you tried taking large doses of vitamin C?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

5. (woman) Did you get the tickets for the concert tomorrow?
(man) Sorry, they were sold out.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

6. (man) Do you know anybody who might want to buy my typewriter?

It's pretty old, but it still works.
(woman) How much do you want for it?
(narrator) What does the woman want to know'l

7. (woman) If this snowstorm gets any worse, the police will have to
close Route 27.
(man) Better keep the radio on.
(narrator) What does the man suggest they do?

8. (woman) I need to be in the city by 9 a.m. to get to a 9:30 doctor's

appointment .... Do you think I should take the bus
or the train?
(man) Let's see .•. the bus doesn't arrive till 9:45 ...
Oh! But the train gets in at quarter to nine.
(narrator) What does the'man suggest the woman do? ,

Bev.lew M.t••I.~187
Listening Comprehension Script B "
9. (woman) There were so many people at Kate's party. I can't believe the
number of. friends she has.
(man) It's really no surprise. She was extremely popular even when
she was a child.
(narrator) What does the man say about Kate?

10. (man) Jeff's a good roommate, but I'm tired of washing the dishes
he leaves in the sink.
(woman) You reaI1y ought to speak up about it.
(narrator) What does the woman suggest the man do?

II. (woman) Are you sure you can't join us for the picnic? It'lI be a lot
of fun - and everyone from the t>ffice'lI be there.
(man) I've got to stick around home. The delivery service called,
and my TV should arrive this afternoon.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

12. (woman) We'll be needing more computer paper soon. Could you, take
care of that right away?
(man) I put the order through last week. It should.be in any day now.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

13. (man)., The box warned that you need to do some assembly yourself,
but I've spentwI afternoon trying to put this bookcase together.
(woman) I know what you mean. The last time I tried to assemble a
bookcase, I almost gave up.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

14. (woman) I dido't know it got so hot here in summer!

(man) Hot! This is nothing compared to summertime in Florida.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

15. (man) Would you like to see a movie with me tonight?

(woman). I'd like to, but I have to hit the books.
(narrator) What will the woman probably do?

16. (man) Did you give the cashier five dollars for the hamburgers?
(woman) No, I had Jack do it
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

188 Review Material

Listening Comprehension Script B

17. (man) Professor Jones, would you like to come to dinner at our
dorm tomorrow? We're trying to get to know the faculty.
(woman) If only you'd asked me earlier; I just acce,Pted a speaking
engagement.
(narrator) What will Professor Jones do tomorrow night?

18. (woman) We had a great time the other night. You should've come.
(man) I just wasn't in the mood for dancing.,
(narrator) What does the man mean?

19. (man) What have you heard about Professor Smith? I'm thinking
oftaking an advanced engineering courSe with him.
(woman) You really should. One of his articles just won some sort
of award - and I heard he's always publishing something
in the journals.
(narrator) What does the woman say about the professor?

20. (man) I can't believe my phone bill! This's the second month in a
row it's been over a hundred dollars.
(woman) Maybe you should start writing down all your long-distance
calls - and keep that next to the phone as a reminder.
(narrator) What does the woman suggest the man do?

21. (man) All I can turn in today is my chemistry homework.

(woman) Is everything all right? You usually have everything
completed on time.
(narrator) What does the woman impJ,yabout the man?

22. (man) Professor Cohen, would it be all right if I left class early
today? I have a dentist appointment.
(woman) That's not a problem.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

23. (woman) Look what was stuck behind the drawer.

(man) What is it?
(narrator) What does the man want to know?

24. (woman) I wouldn't want to have gone through this last week
without air conditioning. It's been so muggy!
(man) Really? I've made do quite well with a window fan •.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

,"

Review Material 189

Listening Comprehension Script B
25. (man) How did your interview for the summer internship go?
(woman) Okay, I guess. It's down to three of us.
But the other two are seniors and better qualified.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

26. (woman) We'll never get into the movie at this rate!
(man) Ah, the line' II start moving in a minute.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

27. (man) Do I have to check in two hours before departure?

(woman) You do for overseas flights.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

28. (woman) I've heard that the university is changing the number
of required credits.
(man) When it goes into effect, though, is still a mystery.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

29. (woman) My friend Alice spent her whole weekend helping me prepare
for my sociology exam.
(man) There aren't many people who would put themselves out like that.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

30. (man) Shall I return this almanac to the reference desk?

(woman) I want to check a few dates first.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

Part B.

Questions 31 thl'OlllW 34. Usten to a conversation between two college students.

(man) Cindy! Have you heard the news?

(woman) No, Steve. What do you mean?
(man) You know all the classes we've missed because of the snow?
(woman) Uhoh ...
(man) Yup - we're going to have to make them up and the dean says
it will have to be during spring break.
(woman) Steve! We have our vacation all set! What are we going to do?
Do the others know?

170 Review Mate.lal

Listening Comprehension Script B
(man) I don't know but I certainly can't afford to miss five days of
classes this semester, with that week I was sick ...
(woman) But I really don't want to cancel our trip.
All of us have already made our plane reservations!
(man) I can try to call the travel agency; maybe they can refund our money.
But before we do anything we need to speak with our professors.
(woman) You think they'll excuse us from class?
(man) Probably not. But I was talking to Kevin this morning and he
said that one of his professors told him that they could make.

(woman)
. up the class at a different time.
Wow - that's great! Which professor was it?
(man) I don't know. But we're going to have to speak to all of
them anyway.
(woman) Why didn't they add extra days at the end of the semester
before summer classes?
(man) Because of the graduation date, which can't be changed.
(woman) Are other colleges around here doing the same thing?
(man) I would imagine so..-- it's been such a bad winter and we've
missed too many classes. We do really need to make them up.
(woman) I know, I know: I was just really looking forward to this vacation.
The idea of the sun and the beach!
(man) Oh look, there's Professor Hampton right now!
(woman) Come on, let's go talk to her!

31. Why are the man and woman upset?

32. What can be inferred about the man's and woman's vacation?

33. Why can't th~ semester be extended?

34. Why can't the man miss classes?

QuestiOQS 35 through 37. Listen to two students talking.

(man) Hey, Christine, remember how we were complaining that we

wanted to see the drama series but couldn't afford the tickets?
I've found a solution.

(woman) Yeah? Won the lottery, huh?

(11UJlI) Buh-uh. But, seriously, I did find a way for us to see all
the plays - and we don't have to pay a cent

Ilvle. Mltl,lal 171

Listening Comprehension Script B
, ... • _,.J' ~
(woman) "Come on, 'Jin!-.That's impossible. i.

(man) r
No, really, we can. called Stanhope Theater to ask if they had
student discounts. They didn't, but they did have another suggestion.
'- -{ ~_.I

(woman) What's that?'-

(man) The man there told me they just lost four of their ushers so they
have openings;' .. .. '" " .• , \... ,
, .' ".. ~1.;.J If. ~'. "...,

. (woman) Really?, "f :;. . " •

(man) Yeah.'Youdori't get paid, but you do gelio stand the back and ' in
watch the'play after you've helped everyone 'find their seats: No seat,
but a good view. Then during intermission you help sell refreshments.
I ~ .' :.'- :. ~.~. /" {.... •
(woman) But Jim, each play is performed on six nights. Can we make that
big a corrimitment? '.f, . ". ~ 1

"We don't ha~e to.

That's the best part.'They have ~nough ushers' .
sO that each pefsori works only tWonights at the same play. . . ~ "\
.,
... .~ •.•.~t ~
(woman) , I never imagined we'd be able to see the whole series. Let's take
a look at the schedule right now. " ...•
•' ". .",f':.r . -'
. . .' .. i "N'" "'1
35. Why did Christine and Jim think they would not be able to see the drama series?

36. What did Jim learn when he called the theater?" :'- ...:...",Ut L

37. At the end of their co~versatio~: h6w does christine 'f~1 ~bo~tjifu;s sol~tihhr '

'. f :r

.......• ,.
.•..•• ; ~~.• r!' j~iJ.f:. J: .•• ~.•.•.•• ~. w"..... ,~ .•.:i.~ .~ ,0 - 'C:L:~, ~i', \ . \
C"l"~':: .., J ~ .• M~ •. ~• ; r..:..-,;... J::' .f J~..:t,.":- L._. •.• ~ ~~ ~ • C:::"a.:...::
.:,.• :11: ~ ::; L~,,!v'.; i

" , ;:". ~~.J \.-II ~ ":11 ":1: I .. :~.c:..-. l-.t1 .~U-~ii:.:J

-
"
,

•.•-: '. ~'Xll :; •. : f.~,j,;1 br;. - : ~~'~-....I

172 leviewMaterlal
Listening Comprehension Script B

Part C

QuestioDs 38 through 41. Listen to a park ranger talk to a group.of campers.

(man) I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But
there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you
avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry
adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat.
A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this
time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply
all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in/the springs. It's
your responsibility to protect the park's natural features.
For those of you staying beyond the weekend ... make sure that you
set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy
rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly become filled with water,
and you and all your equipment might end up washed downstream.
When you pick up your permits, you'll also get a park services
booklet. It'll tell you everything you need to know about the hiking
trails. They vary in length, of course, but most of them are under five
miles - relatively easy day hikes. Remember, if you're hiking solo,
make sure you let someone know you're going and when they can
expect you back. And ... uh, for your own safety, we recommend
that you not climb rock faces. A lot of the rock throughout the park
i~ very un~table.
One final word ... watch out for poisonous snakes. RlIulesnake
activity is at its peak this time of year - especially at night. For
your own good, we reeonimend wearing protective clothing ...
and carry a flashlight after dark.

38. What is the main purpose of the talk?

39. What does the speaker tell hikers about drinking water?

40. What information does the park services booklet contain?

41. What does the speaker say about rattlesnakes?

Review Malerlal 173

Listening Comprehension Script B
Questions 42 throueh 45. Listen to part of a history lecture.

(woman) Last week we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in
the Puritan colonies. Today I want to talk about some other women
who've contributed to American history - some famous and some
not-so-famous. The first woman I'd like to talk about is Molly
Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know
her as a hero of the American Revolution. But, in fact, there never
was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually
Mary Ludwig Hays. Shegot the nickname Molly Pitcher for her
acts of bravery during the Revolutionary War.

As the story goes, when Mary's - or Molly's - husband,

John Hays, enlisted in the artillery, Mary followed ... like many
other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking for
the soldiers. She was known to be a pretty unusual woman -
she smoked a pipe and chewed tobacco.
Anyway ... in the summer of 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth,
it was a blistering hot day - maybe over a hundred degrees -
and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Molly wasn't
content to stay back at camp. Instead, she ran through gunshots
and cannon fire carrying water in pitchers from a small stream
out to the thirsty American soldiers. The relief that she brought
with her pitchers of water gave her the legendary nickname Molly
Pitcher. }'he story also says that she continued to load and fire her
husband's cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well
liked by the other soldiers that they called her "Sergeant Molly."
In fact, legend has it that George Washington himself gave her
the special military title.

42. This talk is part of a series on what subject?

43. Why was Mary at the Battle of Monmouth?

44. Why was Mary considered an unusual woman?

45. How did Mary Hays earn her nickname?

174 Bnlew Matlrlal

Listening Comprehension Script B

Questions 46 throueh 50. Listen to part of a lecture on child psychology.

(man) Today we're going to talk about shyness and discuss recent research
on ways to help children learn to interact socially.
Many people consider themselves shy. In fact, forty percent of the
people who took part in our survey said they were shy - that's two
out of every five people. And there are studies to indicate that the
tendency toward shyness may be inherited. But just because certain
children are timid doesn't mean they are doomed to be shy forever.
There are t!rings parents, teachers, and the children themselves can
do' to overcome this tendency - and even to prevent it.
One researcher found that if parents gently push their shy children
to try new things, they can help these children become less afraid
and less inhibited. Another way to help shy children is to train them
in social skills. For example, there are special training groups where
children are taught things like looking at other children while talking
to them, talking about other people's interests, and even smiling.
These groups have been very successful at giving shy children a
place to feel safe and accepted, and at building up their self-esteem.

46. What is the lecture mostly about?

47. What does the speaker say about shyness?

48. According to the speaker, which people are most likely to be shy?

49. ACCOrdingto the speaker, what should parents of shy children do?

50. What might the group sessions help shy children do?

Review Material 175

 .'

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• +.'\~ !1 ;'~" ••_ J - .• ,,~'~g:7~; ;":,.;;.-.

; :-:;; ,-; -., : ~A": "' [,y,., 'j l~-;:j',... .b:.:::.;rdh ,'1' . t:.~",

,
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't" ii. /'1' :: •.,

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...
,

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:.
Practice Test C: Review

~ Use the answer key for Test C to determine which questions you answered
correctly.
~ Rewind the cassette (Side 3) to the beginning of the Listening Comprehen-
sion section.
~ Tear out the script on pages 179-186. Place it next to the test questions so
you can see the four answer choices.
~ Read the script as you listen to the recorded material. It will help you
recognize words that you may not have understood correctly.

1. A 26. B 1. D 21. C 1. A 26. 0

2. C 27. D 2. A 22. 0 2. C 27. C
3. C 28. 0 3. B 23. A 3. 8 28; A
4. A 29. B 4. 0 24. C 4. A 29. 8
5. 0 30. C 5. A 25. A 5. 8 30. C
6. 0 31. A 6. C 26. B 6. C 31. A
7. 0 32. 0 7. B 27. B 7. C 32. 0
8. 8 33. A 8. C 28. 0 8. 0 33. B
9. 0 34. C 9. A 29. 8 9. D 34. B
10. 8 35. A 10. C 30. A 10. 8 35. A
11. D 36. C 11. B 31. 8 11. D 36. B
12. a 37. B 12. B 32. 0 12. 8 37. A
13. 0 38. C 13. B 33. C 13. a 38. a
14. C 39. 0 14. 0 34. a 14. 8 39. C
15. C 40. 0 15. A 35. C 15. C 40. A
16. a 41. B 16. D 36. 0 16. A 41. C
17. a 42. a 17. A 37. A 17. C 42. a
18. 0 43. C 18. e 38. c 18. 0 43.
44.
A
e
19. A 44. A 19. A 39. A 19. A
20. e 45. 0 20. e 40. a 20. 8 45. 0
21. D 46. A 21. C 46. A
22. A 47. e 22. c 47. A
23. a 48. A 23. A 48. e
24. 0 49. A 24. 8 49. 0
25. 8 50. 0 25. D 50. C

Review Material 177

Listening Comprehension Script C

Part A

1. (woman) I'm really exhausted! But! don't want to miss that documentary
that comes on at eleven.
(man) If I were you, I'd skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow,
and anyway, I've heard it's not that exciting.
(narrator) What does the man imply the woman should do'!

2. (man) You've certainly been reading that OIlepage for a long time now.
(woman) Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

3. (man) The storm last night damaged some of the neighbors' roofs.
(woman) I don't wonder!
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

4. (man) The University Bookstore opens at nine in the morning.

(woman) Dh dear, I need a textbook for my eight o'clock class today.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

5. (man) I've been waiting all week for this concert - the Philharmonic's
supposed to be excellent. And with our student discount, the
tickets'll be really cheap.
(woman) Uh, oh ... I'm afraid I left my student In in my other purse.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

6. (man) Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?
(woman) No, but I had Doris get it for me.
(narrator) What does Sarah say about the novel?

7. (man) My parents are coming to see our apartment this weekend.

(woman) Looks like I'd better lend you my vacuum cleaner then.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

8. (woman) Those packages took forever to arrive.

(man) But they did arrive, didn't they?
(narrator) What does the man say about the packages?

9. (man) My math assignment's due tomorrow moming and I haven't

• even started it yet.
(woman) I'll miss you at the party tonight
(narrator) What does the woman imply?'

Review Material 179

Listening Comprehension Script C

10. (man) I need to find a new roommate.

(woman) So John's going to California after all.
(narrator) What can be inferred f!'Omthe conversation?

11. (man) Bill has only been on the job a week, and already he's acting
like he's the boss.
(woman) He's not going to last long with that attitude.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

12. (woman) There's a great antique show at the Grant Auditorium.

Let's go see it this evening.
(man) I've worked really hard all day long. Won't it be there for a while?
(narraror) What does the man imply?

13. (woman) Would you like to corne to Janet's surprise party tomorrow night?
(man) I'm going to a concert tomorrow. I wish I could be two places
at once.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

14. (man) You know, every time I talk to Mary I get the feeling
she's being critical of me.
(woman) Don't you think you're overreacting a bit?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

15. (man) Why did you corne to the meeting late? I left a message
with your roommate about the time change.
(woman) She has a very short memory, and it really gets on my
nerves sometimes.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

16. (man) Pam says she likes art museums.

(woman) But she doesn't often visit them, does she?
(narrator) What does the woman imply about Pam?

17. (man) How long's it been since you saw Becky?

(woman) I bumped into her at the market just last week,
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

18. (man) The forecast is for a severe winter. Are you prepared?
(woman) Hardly. I'm waiting for the next sale to get a down jacket.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

180 Review lllaterial

 Listening Comprehension Script C

19. (woman) Do you know what year Thomas was born'?

(man) Don't ask me. I'm not good with dates.
(rwrrator) What does the man mean'?

.. 20. (man) I think I'll add that information to my paper.

(woman) You really should check it out in a reference book.
(ftal"f'lZlor) What does the woman imply'?

I heard you had a barbecue down at the beach. How'd it go?

21. (man)
(woman) It poured! We had to postpone it again.
(rwrrator) What does the woman mean?

I have an appointment with"Dr. Stevens at three o'clock tomorrow but

22. (man)
something's corne up. I'd like to rescheQule ... uh, any chance I can
get in by the end of this week?
(woman) Well, we just had a cancellation for Friday. After that. the doctor will
be out of the office for two weeks.
(rwrrator) ~at does the woman mean?

23. (woman) I have to type all these reports by Monday moming!

(man) There goes your sleep this weekend.
(rwrrator) What does the man mean?
( .
24. (man) This should be State Street lilT here on the left.
(woman) It's not. I think you should've turned left at the last intersection:
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

25. (woman) How about seeing the new movie at the North Park Theater tonight?
(man) Sounds great, but I've got to go over my notes for tomorrow's midterm.
(rwrrator) What can be inferred about the man?

26. (man) Did you get traveler's checks to take on your vacation?
(woman) Ye3h. They sure beat carrying around a wallet full of big bills.
(rwrrator) What does the woman mean'?

27. (man) Let's ask Professor Brown if she can give us the final exam
during the last week of classes.
(woman) You mean instead of during the exam period? Not much
chance of that.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

Revllw IIIIe,1I1 181

Listening Comprehension Script C
28. (man) I've had enough of this museum - why don't we skip the gift shop.
(woman) Look, we promised my brother the poster so we haven't much choice.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

29. (woman) Hey, Dan! I hear you're meeting Susan's parents for the first time.
(man) Yeah, next weekend. Fonunately her father loves to fish, so we'll
have something to talk about
(narrator) What can be inferred about Dan?

30. (man) I need to find a dermatologist You're familiar with Dr. Smith.
Do you recommend her?
(woman) Well, I've been seen by her a few times and the best I can
say for her is she has interesting magazines in her wailing
room.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

PartS

Questions 31 throup 34. Listen to a conversation between two students.

(woman) John! Have you chosen a physical education class yet for
this semester?

(man) No, why?

(woman) You've got to take rock climbing. We just had the first class
and it looks like it's going to be great!

(man) You think I should take rock climbing? You've got to be kidding.
Besides, how can they teach rock climbing when it's completely flat
around here?

(woman) That's not important You can't just start climbing without any
training. You have to get in shape, learn how to use the ropes,
the belts, the buckles - there's a lot of preparation first.

(man) You don't think it's just a little bit dangerous?

(woman) Not if you know how to use the saffty equipment, which is. by
the way, pretty high tech. The ropes are made of elastic fibers that
stretch a little, the shoes have special grips on the bottom, and the
helmets are made out of some kind of special plastic. You have to
learn how to use all this before you do any real climbing.

(continued)

182 RevlewMlte.111
Listening Comprehension Script C

(man) Well, what's the apJ>eal?We'll spend the whole semester studying
something we don't actually get to do.

(woman) We will take a climbing trip during spring break, but that's not the
point. Climbing isn't the only goal. In preparing1:o climb you learn
patience, mental discipline, and you gain fantastic physical strength.
Especially in your hands. For the first few weeks we're going to
concentrate entirely on hand and upper-body exercises.

(man) All that in one sport? Maybe you're fight. Since it's not too late .
to join the class, maybe I will.

31. What is the woman trying to do?

32. What does the man imply about rock climbing at their college?

33. Why is the woman interested in rock climbing?

34. What will the first few classes focus on?

Questions 35 th~ 39. Listen to a conversation.

(woman) Hello,

(man) Hi, Sally, this is Phil.

(woman) Great to hear from you Phil! How have you been doing?

(man) To tell you the truth, I'm very worried about our final
examinations next month. For one thing, I can't sleep.

(woman) I sympathize! I went through the same thing last year.

(man) That's exactly why I'm calling you. Do you have any suggestions
for coping with anxiety? You know how I hate exams!

(woman) Well, last year the university offered a stress-management

course at about this time. Have you been in contact with
the student'health services?

(man) No, I haven't had time!

(woman) Funny, isn't it? Just when students need help most, we can't
afford the time to get it!

(man) Well, perhaps I shoul~ find out more about this stress-management
course. Things have got to get better!

(continued)

Review IIlterlal 188

 (woman) I suggest you call the health services tomorrow. They open at
nine a.m.
(man) Thanks, Sally. I'll let you kneW~howit goes.
(woman) Best ofluckl And have a good night's sleep!
(man) That's easier said than done!

35. What is the main topic of the conversation?

36. Why is Phil worried?

37. Why does Phil turn to Sally for advice?

38. Why has Phil not contacted the student health services?

39. What does the university offer to students in Phil's condition?

Part C

Oeestious 40 tImmr.h 43. Listen to a museum guide describe one of the new
museum exhibits.
(woman) We've just seen two contemporary large birds that cannot fly:
the emu and the ostrich. Over here is an interesting specimen from
the past. This stuffed animal is not the 'giant penguin it appears to be,
but an auk. This particular kind of auk is very rare - only 78 skins
are known to exist and most are not preserved as well as this one.
The great auk, as you can see, was a rather large bird, and it couldn't
fly either. However, evidence suggests that the auk was an excellent
swimmer and diver. Unfortunately, those abilities did not protect it
from being easy prey for hungry sailors who years ago sailed the
very cold IIDdoften icy waters of Greenland, Iceland, and Scotland.
In fact, records indicate that the auk was rather tasty and that its eggs
- Excuse me ... that its eggs and feathers were useful as well. Still,
it isn't clear what other factors led to the big bird's demise around
1844, the last time anyone reported seeing one. Of course, we
believe it's important to take extra precautions to preserve the
remaining great auk skins. After all, ~ese specimens should prove
invaluable for future scientific research. Does anyone have any
questions before we move on to our next bird exhibit?
Listening Comprehension Script C

40. What is the talk mainly about?

41. Why was it easy to capture auks?

42. Why did the sailors hunt the auk?

43. Where did the auk live?

Questions 44 through 46. Listen to a presentation being given in a geology class.

(woman) I'd like to begin by thanking Dr. Kane for inviting me to bf: here
today. Although I'm not a geologist, I have been collecting minerals
for years. My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all
over the world to find them. Today I've brought a few specimens
for you to see. After I discuss each one, I'll pass it around so that
you can look at it more closely.
As you know, feldspars are the most abundant minerals and are
divided into a number of types. These first samples are orthoclases.
Notice that they vary in color from white to pink to red. This glassy
one is found in volcanic rock - in fact, I found it in New Mexico
on a collecting trip.
This next sample that I'll pass around is a microcline mineral-
also called amazonstone. You can identify it by its bright green
color. It's often used in jewelry and really is quite attractive.

These final samples are all plagioclase feldspars. Many

plagioclases are very rare, so I'm particularly proud of
the variety in my collection.
I've also brought a few slides of some larger mineral samples, and
if you'll tum out the lights now, I'd like to show them to you.

44. What are the students doing as they listen to the speaker?

45. How did the speaker acquire all h~r minerals?

46. Why is the speaker proud of her plagioclase feldspars?

Review Mate,lal 185

Listening Comprehension Script C

Questions 47 through SQ. Listen to a talk given at the beginning of a nature walk at a
national park.

(man) Welcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our nature

walk today, I'd like to give you a short history of our National Park
Service. The National Park Service began in the late 1800's. A small
group of explorers had just completed a month-long exploration of
the region that is now Yellowstone. They gathered around a campfire,
and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim
this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone.
So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone's
enjoyment. Two years later, in the late nineteenth century, an act
of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the
YellowstoD.e region a public park. It was the first national park in
the world. After Yellowstone became a public park, many other
areas of great scenic importance were set aside and in 1916 the
National Park Service was established to manage these parks.
As a park ranger, I am an employee of the National Park Service.
IiI a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer
questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided
toUrs, and campfire talks are offered by specially trained staff
members. The park service also protects the animals and plants
within the parks.

47. Who is the speaker?

48. According to the speaker, who originated the idea of a public park?

49. What does the speaker say about Yellowstone National Park?

50. According to the speaker, what is one of the duties of a park ranger?'

188 Revllw IIIterlll

Practice Test D: Review
~ Use t~e answer key for Test D to determine which questions you answered
correctly.
~ Rewind the cassette (Side 4) to the beginning of the Listening Comprehen-
sion section.
~ Tear out the script on pages 189-198. Place it next to the test questions so
you can see the four answer choices.
~ Read the script as you listen to the recorded material. It will help you
recognize words that you may not have understood correctly.

1. C 26. 0 1. 0 21. B 1. 0 26. A

2. C 27. C 2. B 22. B 2. C 27. C
3. C 28. 0 3. 0 23. 0 3. A 28. B
4. B 29. A 4. A 24. B 4. 0 29. 0
5. C 30. C 5. 0 25. B 5. A 30. B
6. D 31. A 6. B 26. B 6. 0 31. C
7. .0 32. 0 7. C 27. 0 7. C 32. e
8. B 33. B 8. B 28. e 8. 8 33. e
9. B 34. C 9. 0 29. 0 9. A 34. 0
10. A 35. e 10. A 30. 0 10. 0 35. B
11- 0 36. A 11. e 31. 0 11. B 36. A
12. A 37. B 12. e 32. B 12. 8 37. A
13. e 38. e 13. A 33. e 13. 0 38. 8
14. e 39. B 14. 0 34. C 14. 0 39. A'
15. e 40. 0 15. B 35. A 15. B 40. e
16. B 41. 0 16. 0 36. 8 16. B 41. e
17. A 42. A 17. e 37. A 17. A 42. B
18. e 43. e 18. c 38. A 18. e 43. A
19. A 44. 0 19. e 39. A 19. e 44. e
20. 8 45. B 20. B 40. 0 20. 0 45. 0
21. B 46. 0 21. A 46. 0
22. A 47. A 22. 0 47. 0
23. 0 48. B 23. B 48. A
24. B 49. e 24. c 49. 0
25. 0 50. 0 25. 0 50. C

Review Material 187

Listening Comprehension Script D

Part A

1. (woman) I'm sure glad that today's physics class is over! What did you think
of the lecture?
(man) I was lost. I couldn't follow a word Professor Smith said.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

2. (woman) So I told Jane you'd get back to her before you got the
concert tickets. .
(man) OK. I'll give her a call as soon as I finish my sociology paper.
(narrator) What will the man probably do first?

3. (man) Excuse me. Do you mind in borrow that newspaper for a little bit?
(woman) I'm sorry, but it doesn't belong to me.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

4. (woman) I hope I'll be able to find Fred's sister at the bus station. All I know
is that she's got brown hair and blue eyes.
(man) I could go with you. I met her a couple of years ago.
(narrator) What does the man imply about Fred's sister?'

5. (man) There must be some mistake ... I didn't order the baked flounder.
. (woman) I'm so sorry. That's right ... you had the crab cakes. I'll take care of
it right away.
(narrator) What can be inferred about the woman?

6: (woman) I haven't seen you at the student center all week. Have you been sick?
I've been overwhelmed with my histol)' paper.
(man)
(narrator) What does the man mean?

7. (woman) I can give you a ride - I'm going hOme this weekend anyway.
(man) ThaJ:lh. But let me give you some money for gas.
(narrator) What does the man want to do?

8. (man) We thought we'd all go out for lunch today. Can you be ready to
leave at one 0' clock?
(woman) I have to pick up my car and do a couple of other errands, so I'll
just come straight to the restaurant.
(narrator) What will the woman do?

Review Material 189

 Listening Comprehension Script D
9. (man) Are your allergies acting up again? I thought your doctor gave
you medication for that last week.
(woman) He did, but so far it's not helping much. I'm going
to have to go back and try to get it changed.
(narrator) What will the woman probably do?

10. (woman) Could I please get a copy of your most recent catalog?
(man) I'm sorry, but we're all out right now. If you'll give me your
name and address, I'll make sure that you get one when some
new ones come in.
(narrator) What will the man probably do?

11. (man) Have you seen the new pottery that Lisa's made for the
student exhibition?
(woman) I know, she really outdid herself this time.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

12. (woman) Could you turn down your stereo a bit? I really can't concentrate
on my book.
(man) Why didn't you just say so?
(narrator) What can be inferred about the man?

13. (woman) I can't believe we have another lab report due so soon. Dr. Rogers
must think we don't have any other classes.
(man) I know just what you mean. I'll be really pressed to get it done.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

14. (man) Those modem sculptures over there are really weird, don't you think?
(woman) I couldn't stand them either, at first. But now I rather like them.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

15. (woman) 1need to do something to improve my spoken Italian as quickly

as possible.
(man) Doesn't the community college offer something?
(narrator) What does the man suggest the woman do?

. 16. (man) What? You're going to the hairdresser again? Seems like you just
had a haircut.
(woman) You kidding? It's been over a month.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

190 Review Material

Listening Comprehension Script D

17. (man) You can't even see the people's faces in these, pictures. It's strange ...
I'm sure there was enough light in the room.
(woman) You know what? I bet you were using film for outdoor pictures.
You need film for taking pictures indoors.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

18. (woman) Look at the delicious sandwiches! John's really gone all out this time!
(man) Just wait until you see the dessert!
(narrator) What does the man imply?

19. (man) Did you have to do anything special to use the rare-book collection?
(woman) I just had to tell them a day ahead of time what I needed.
(narrator) What did the woman probably do?

20. (man) I didn't catch what Professor Burke said about calculators.
(woman) Well, she said we'll be doing a lot with statistics in the class, so they
should really come in handy.
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

21. (man) I haven't seen George all day.

(woman) Have you cheeked the lab? I wouldn't be surprised if he slept there.
(narrator) What does the woman imply about George?

22. (man) The coat you tried on was really nice. And reasonably priced.
(woman) I'd've bought it right away if they'd had it in my size.
(narrator) What can be inferred about the woman?

23. (woman) Saturday my husband and I are going to visit his mother.
How about you?
(man) I'm going to fix some loose shutters on my house, now that,
the weather's a little warmer.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

24. (man) I'm trying to talk Jan out of studying abroad next semester.
(woman) That's a lost cause - You know Jan when she has her heart
set on something ....
(narrator) What does the woman mean?

25. (man) I'm really not interested in seeing that film.

(woman) But it's won so many awards!
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

Review Material 191

Listening Comprehension Script D

26. (woman) I thought the doctor said you should stay off your foot until
the swelling goes down.
(man) She did. It just makes me uncomfortable to ask my friends to
wait on me all the time.
(narrator) What does the man mean?

27. (man) I came in here to get something from my briefcase, and now
I've forgotten what I wanted.
(woman) You were going to show me a newspaper article.
(narrator) What does the woman imply?

28. (man) The washing machine in our apartment's more than 17 years
old - and it worked just fine until last night.
(woman) You'n never be able to get parts for it. It might be time to
invest in a more recent model.
(narrator) What does the woman imply about the washing machine?

29. (woman) I saw you coming out of Professor Young's office this morning.
Were you asking her for more time to finish your project?
(man) No, I just had to get her signature to take an upper-level seminar.
I haven't taken the introductory course.
(narrator) Why did the man speak to the professor?

30. (man) Now, if you have any questions concerning this agreement,
I'll be happy to tty to answer them.
(woman) Nothing comes to mind right now, but I'd like to read it through
once more before signing.
(narrator) What is the woman doing?

PartS

Questions 31 through 34. Listen to a conversation between two students in the campus
dining hall.

(woman) I haven't seen you here for a couple weeks. Have you stopped
eating or something?
(man) No. Does it look like I've stopped eating? I've been spending a
lot of time in the library.
(woman) Working on a paper?

192 Review Material

Listening Comprehension Script D
(man) I wish I was working on a paper! I'm working on three different
papers: anthropology, English lit., and history.
(woman) Wow, that is a lot of work.
(man) Yeah, and what's frustrating is that I'm studying the-ninetee~th
century British Empire in all three classes, but I can't just write
a single paper for all three.
(woman) Why not?
(man) The professors won't let me. Even if! make it three times as long.
as the suggested length.
(woman) That's too bad. Could you write your papers on three aspects
.of one topic?
(man) Hrnmrn. What do you mean? Do you have something in mind?
(woman) Well, let's see. Hmm Maybe yau could da something with
Romanticism, like, ohh write youranthropolagy paper on the
cultural basis of Romanticism, and, 00, your histary paper on the
influence of the Romantic poets an British foreign policy, and, OK,
and your English paper on an analysis of some Ramantic poems.
(man) Hey, that's not a bad idea! I've already started the research for one
of the papers, so I can use that What can I do to repay you?
(woman) . You want to write up my chemistry lab for me?

(man) I'd lave to, but I've never taken chemistry, sa I'm not sure yau'd
like the results.
(woman) Oh well, no thanks necessary then. Have a good weekend, and try to
get out of the library and get some sleep. Yau have big circles under
your eyes.
(man) OK, I'll try. See you later.

31. What has the man been busy doing all week?

32. What does *e woman suggest the man do to make his work easier?
33. Why does the waman mention Romanticism?

34. Why doesn't the woman want any help from the man?

Review.Material 193
Listening Comprehension Script D

Questions 35 tbnmgh38. Listen to a conversation between two friends on a beach.

(man) Hey, Michelle. Look what I just found. Right here in the sand.
(woman) A piece of wood? Oh. Driftwood. Interesting shape .... Almost like
some sort of modem sculpture.
(man) Yeah. And feel how smooth it is.
(woman) Hmm. Must've been in the water a long time. It could've been
drifting in the ocean currents for months, or even years.
(man) In the currents? Doesn't the wind just blow things around out there?
(woman) Well, sure. But the currents axealways moving, too. Almost like
rivers, but underwater rivers, flowing through the ocean.
(man) So how do they find out where these currents go? Stick a message
in a bottle and throw it in the water?
(woman) Don't laugh. In fact, I was reading in a science magazine that
oceanographers have released huge numbers of bottles into the
ocean over the years. They wanted to map out where the currents
would carry them.
(man) Say, I'll bet - after they found out where all those bottles ended
up - they could enter all that data into a computet and make
a pretty detailed model to ... to show where the currents go.
(woman) In fact, they did. And they also found a neat way to test that model.
There was a fre'ightercarrying sneakers from a factory in Asia. It was
caught in a big stOmIand thousands of pairs of sneakers got dumped
in the Pacific Ocean.
(man) Really? What a waste!
(woman) Yeah. Thrns out, though, that hundreds of these shoes started washing
up on beaches somewhere near Seattle, just about where the computer
models had predicted the currents would carry them.
(man) Gee. You mean all that SlUff I find on the beaches might be part of
some big scientific ellperiment? I thought it was all just trash!

194 Review Matel'lal

 Listening Comprehension Script D
". "-... 35. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

36. What did the man find on the beach?

37. According to the magazine article, what did scientists put into the ~an? .
"
38. What can be inferred from the story about the sneakers?

.~ .'

"

..
-: ..• "':C .•. .'..

.I ~,

Review Material 195

 Parte

Questions 39 through 43. Listen to part of a talk by a resident adviser in a dormitory for
first-year college students.

(man) I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year.
When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned
you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students
you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or
not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what
number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The
system gives priority to the students who have been here longest.
Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get
the second block, and second-years -like you'll be - get the third.
The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one
gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on .

•You can use either your own or your intended roommate's number
to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been
at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of
numbers and so will have a better !lumber than any second-year
student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other
. second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number.
You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course,
if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter
the lottery at all.

Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms
on North Campus will be closed for renovations. 11ris means that
those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get
'dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you
find off-campus housing.

39. What aspect of student housing does the talk mainly focus on?

40. Why do the students attending the meeting need the information that is given?

41. What determines which group a student is placed in to choose housing for the
next year?

42. Who is not expected to participate in the housing lottery?

43. What special problem will affect housing next year?

188 RovIOl"] MatGl'lal

Listening ~.omprehension Script D
Questions 44 tbrou~~ Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class.

(woman) Berore I tell you about the interesting discovery related to

Tyrannosaurus rex, I need to review something we studied last
semester - the differente between what are.eOinmonly called cold-
blooded and warm-blooded animals. In:wann-blooded animals;birds
and mammals, for example, the body temperature normally stays
within a narrow range, no matter what the outside temperature is. As
a result, a warm-blooded animal is usually active in both cold and hot
weather because its body temperature ean adjust to the temperature of
its environment.
On the other hand, cold-blooded animals, such as most reptiles,
amphibians, and insects,"are unable to create enough heat internally
to raise their temperature above the temperature
.•of the environment. So, for example, the temperature of a
cold-blooded animal falls when the environment is cool.
I hope this distinction is clear. Now, moving on to
Tyrannosaurus rex ... you may know that dinosaurs,
being reptiles, are generillly believed to have been
cold-blooded. Well, a recent research study found that
the chemical compOsition of the bones of Tyrannosaurus rex
was consistent with the bones of an animal that has a very
narrow range of intemal temperature, indicating that it was probably
warm.blooded.
44. What is the main topic of the lecture?

45. What is likely to happen to cold-blooded animals when the weather is cold?

46. Why does the speaker discuss Tyrannosaurus rex?

Review Mate,lal 197

Listening Comprehension Script D

Questions 47 throup SQ. Listen to a guest speaker being introdul',e.} to a local

business group.

(man) Thank you all for coming out this evening to meet sociologist Ellen
Lambert. Ms. Lambert specializes in research on the workplace and
recently has been writing about the future of work.

This topic should be of special interest, since I know many of you are
already at the forefront of workplace technology. For example, let's
have a show of hands to see how many people here telecommute at
least part of the time. Hmm. I see eight hands raised. You eight folks
who work at home and communicate with your office via computer
represent one of the trends Ms. Lambert has described: that people
are becoming less tied to the workplace.
One of the important tools for telecommuting is electronic mail,
or e-mail. E-mail lets you send and receive messages almost
immediately on your computer, but you control when you read
them and when you respond to them. This technology allows
people to have more control over time than when relying solely
on the telephone. Our guest tonight will discuss how these
important changes will alter the way we work.
But, before turning the floor overto Ms. Lambert, I would just like
to remind you that she will be available to answer any individual
questions at the reception immediately following this talk.

47. What will the topic of Ellen Lambert's talk be?

48. Why does the speaker ask people to raise their hands?

49. What does telecommuting involve?

SO. According to the speaker, 'what is one effect of electronic mail?

188 Rlvlew Mltl,111

,
~-

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1~ ¥ tQ ,.~"'2 ,~- "-;"-1-

.....• :H!!!V!O' Scofe~~e:Prilctic:e.Tests;:.201'

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Example of Score caIculation

'-II '?:,",¥~ili:.,::.< "t.~-~"< .~.:'."_"i:; :'r ...
~~'.,.l'."'_(:(~.:;; ,t.K?';';~:t-):<-":r;;~;;;

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--- ,- ~--'.~"-'
HOW""TIi'CIi,. 'Iii
 --------------- ~.~-- ~_.

Use the answer keys on pages 153 (Test A), 165 (Test B), 1n (Test C), and 187
(Test D) to determine which questions you answered correctly. Count the number
ot' correct answers in each section of the tests and write the number in the
appropriate box below. .

Section 1

Section 2
I TestA

) --------
Test B Test C

----1--------,
...•••
Test 0

S-"'Ction 3' _

The number of correct answers for each section is your "number-right" score
tor that section. A number-right score is not the same as a reported TOEFL score ..
TOE:FL section scores are reported on a scale of 20 to 68 for Sections
-. 1 and 2 and 20 to 67 for Section 3; total scores are reported on a scale of 200
to 6n. For each unique form of the TOEFL test, statistical procedures are
carried out for each section to adjust the conversion of number-right scores
to "scaled" converted scores for any slight differences.;n difficulty. This process
is called score equating and is carried out for each form of TOEFL to permit
comparison of scaled scores for that particular form with scaled scores from
other forms regardless of the level of difficulty of that form. As a result of these
equating methods, a total score of 550, for example, on one edition of the test
represents the same level of English language proficiency as a score of 550 on
another edition.
"-
When you have written your number-right scores for all sections in the boxes,
look at the "converted score" charts on pages 203-204. For these charts, a
unique table was developed for each section of each practice test, as is done for
each TOEFL test, to convert number-right scores to scaled scores. The first
column of each chart gives ranges of number-right scores. The second, third, and
fourth columns give ranges of converted scores. The ranges provided in these
charts are intended only to provide an approximate indicator of language
proficiency and are never used in the scoring of an actual administration.

in the column marked "Number-Right Score Range" for each practice test, find
the score range that includes your number-right score for Section 1. In the
column marked .Section 1 Converted Score," find the range of converted scores
for your number-right score. Write your converted score range for Section 1 in the
appropriate box below. Do the same for your number-right scores for Section 2
and Section 3.

Section 1
Section 2
I Test A Test B

-_--_---_
TestC Test D

Section 3
-------------------- 201 nOl'. To CO.Po
When you have ent~red your mnges of converted scores for all three sections :i1
the boxes, add the first or Ie 'yer number of each of the three section score rang9 I
together. Do the same for tl",a:ast or higher numbers. This will give the converteJ.

..
score ranges for the three se';tions for each practice test.

\' Example of Score Calculation

.

Suppose the number-right scores for the three sections in Test A are: Section
1 - 28, Section 2 - 30, Section 3 - 39. First, find the number-right range for
each obtained score (first column of the table); then find and record the
corresponding converted score range. '

, Converted Score Ranges

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3
48-49 55-57 56-58

_____ I 1__ 1 1 _

Add together the lower numbers of the three converted score ranges.
48 + 55 + 56 =159

Next, add the higher numbers of the converted score ranges.

49 + 57 + 58 = 164
The range of the sum of the converted scores for the three sections is
159-164.

Now multiply each number in this range by 10/3.

159 x 10/3 = 530.00 = 530

164 x 10/3 = 546.67 = 547

When multiplication by 10/3 results in a decimal value of .33, round down to
the nearest whole number. Round up to the next highest whole number if
multiplication by 10/3 results in a decimal value of .66.
The total (converted) score range is 530-547.

Remember, people perform differently at different times and in different situations.

It is possible that if you take TOEFL at a regular test center, your scores will fall
within the range of scores you earned on these practice tests, but they may also
be higher or lower. This is because you have taken the practice tests under
different conditions than those at an actual test center. It is also because the
scores reported for the TOEFL test, or for any test, cannot be perfectly precise.
An individual's scores can vary, just by chance, from one administration of the
test to another, even when there is no change in the examinee's "true" ability.

HO,W To COl'8 202

 , "

Practice Test A - Co~erte~ ~o~e ~a.n'ges

Number-Right section 1 section 2 SectIon 3
SCore Range Converted SCore Converted Score Converted SCore

48.50 64-68 65-67

45-47 61.63 61.64
42-44 58-60 58-60
39-41 56.57 56-58
36-38 54-55 62-68 54-55
33.35 52-53 58.60 52.53
30-32 50-51 55.57 50.52
27.29 48-49 52.54 - 48.50
24-26 47-48 50-51 46-47
21-23 45-46 47-49 43-45
18-20 42-44 44-46 40-42
15-17 39.41 40-43 36-39
12-14 33-37 34-39 30-34
9-11 30-32 27-31 27-29
6-8 28-30 24-26 25-27
3-5 25.27 21-23 23-24
0-2 '23-25 20-20 20-22

-"-'Practic~Test-r:Colfverre(f~orgmil;:geif':"
' .. .•. .....
~:
.

,..Number-Rlght section 1 I8eCtJon2 ..~ secuon3'

"SCOre~' Converted Score ConverWd Score. Converted SCore

48.50 64-68 65-67

45-47 60-63 61-63
42-44 57-59 58-60
39.41 55-57 56-58
36.38 53-54 . 61-68 54-56
.33.35 51-52 58-80 53-54
30-32 49.50 55.57 51.52
27-29 48-49 52-54 49-50
24.26 46.47 49.51 47-48
21.23 . 44-45 47-48 45-46
18.20 42-43 44-46 42-44
15.17 39-41 40.43 38-41
12.14 35.38 34.38 33.37
9.11 32.34 27-31 28-31
6-8 29-31 24-26 26.27
3-5 27-28 21-23 23.25
0-2 24-26 20-20 21-22

203 HowToClrl
Practice Test C • Converted Score Ranges

section 1 Section 2 SectlOri3

Numbef-Right
Converted SCore' COnveit8d Score Converted Score
Scor8 Range

48-50 64-68 66-67

45-47 60-63 62-65
42-44 57-59 59-61
39-41' ' 55~56 56-58
36-38 '53-54 ' 62-68 54-56
33-35 51-52 58-61 52-54
30-32 49-50 55-57 50-52
27-29 48-49 52-54 48.50
24-26 46-47 50-52 46-48
21-23 44-46 47-49 43-45
18-20 43-44 44-46 40-42
, 15-17 40-42 41-43 36-39
12-14 37-39 36-39 ' 31-34
9-11 .... 33-35 28~33 27-29
6-8 30-32 25-27 25-27
3-5 27-29 22~24 23-24
0-2 25-27 20~21 20-22

Practice Test 0 • Converted Score Ranges

section 1 section 2 section 3

Number-Right
eonverted Score Converted Score ConV8l1M Score
SCore Range

48-50 64-68 6&67 '

45-47 60-62 ".61-63
42-44, ,57-59 '58-60
39-41 55-56 56-58
36-38 53-54 62-68 54-56
33-35 51-52 58-60 52-54
30-32 49-51 55-57 50-52'
27-29 48-49 52-54 48-50
,24-26 ,46-47 50-51 46-47
21;'23 '4445 47-49 ~
18-20 42-43 45-46 40-42
15-17 39-41 41-44 36-39 "

12-14 34-38 37-40 31-35

9-11 31-33 '28-34 28-29
6-8 29-31 24-26 25-27
3-5 26-28 21-23 ' 23-24
0-2 24-26 20-20 20-22

How To CO•• 204

 The Index that Is commonly used to describe the degree of precision in a
measurement is the "standard error of measurement." In the case of the TOEFL
total score, the standard error of measurement is approximately 14. This means
that if your "true" ability score - the total score you would &arn if the test could
measure your ability with perfect precision - is, for example, 560, the chances
are about two out of three that the total score you earn on the test will be
somewhere between 546 and 574 (560 'plus or minus 14).

The table below shows the distribution of scores eamed by examinees who took
the TOEFL test between July 1995 and June 1996. You may.wish to compare
your score range on these practice tests with the scores of those examinees.
Remember, you did not take the test under standard conditions and the scores
you earn if you take TOEFL at a test center may be higher or lower than the
scores you earned on this test.

TOEFL SCORE COMPARISON TABLE

(based on the scores of 731,297 examinees
who took the test from July 1995 ti'rClugh June 1996)
TOTJIL SECTION SCORES
SCORE section 1 I section 2 I Sectlon 3
'- ;c~~~pe~;~ile i'c~~peA""n~ile-L-;;-;:: I i'c~%peR:'~iIe
PeA"a"r:'~ile
660 99 66 99 66 96 66 98
640 96 64 96 64 !l.3 64 95
620 92 62 93 62 89 62 89
600 86 60 87 60 83 60 82
580 78 58 79 58 74 58 73
560 68 56 71 56 64 56 63
540 .57 54 60 54 54 54 52
520 45 52 " 50 52 44 52 41

I 500
480
460
33
23
16 II
50
48
46
38
28
19 I
50
48
46
35
26
18
50
48
31
23
I
I 440
420
10
6
44
42
12
7
I
44
42
13
8
46
44
42
16
11
8
400 3 40 4 40 6 40 5
380 2 38 2 38 3 38 3
360 1 36 1 36 2 38 2
340 34 1 34 1 34 1
320 32 32 1 32 1
300 30 30 1 30 1

Acceptable Scores
Each institution that requires TOEFL test scores of applicants determines for
itself what scores, or ranges of scores, are acceptable. These vary from institution
to institution, depending on such factors as an applicanfs field of study, the level
of study (graduate or undergraduate), whether he or she will be a teaching
assistant, and whether the institution offers special courses in English as a
foreign or second language. In general, a total score of 600 or above is
considered excellent. A score below 400 is regarded as weak. However, an
acceptable TOEFL test score depends entirely on the requirements of the
institution to which the applicant has applied. There is no ~pecific passing or
failing score for the TOEFL test.

205,HOIII To Cor.