hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 1

This print-out should have 31 questions. = 2 (8.9875 × 109 N · m2 /C2 )

Multiple-choice questions may continue on √
(4 µC) (8 µC) 2
the next column or page – find all choices ×
(27 cm)2 2
before answering.
= 5.57926 N .
001 10.0 points
4 µC keywords:

002 10.0 points

cm

27
A circular arc has a uniform linear charge

cm
27

density of 7 nC/m.
The value of the Coulomb constant is
90◦ 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 .
−8 µC 8 µC y
What is the magnitude of the electrostatic

89
~ k on the top charge?

◦
force kF
The Coulomb constant is
8.9875 × 109 N · m2 /C2 . m
2. 8
x
Correct answer: 5.57926 N.
Explanation:

Let : Q = 8 µC ,
What is the magnitude of the electric field
q = 4 µC , and
at the center of the circle along which the arc
L = 27 cm . lies?
q
Correct answer: 31.4973 N/C.
Explanation:
L

Let : λ = 7 nC/m = 7 × 10−9 C/m ,

θ ∆θ = 89◦ , and
−Q Q r = 2.8 m .
θ is defined as the angle in the counter-
~ k = ke |q1 | |q2 |
kF clockwise direction from the positive x axis
r2
as shown in the figure below.
By symmetry and the fact that force on charge ◦ 44. 5 ◦
q by +Q is repulsive and by −Q is attractive, 44. 5
Fy = 0 .
r

The x component of the forces on q by Q θ

and −Q are equal√in magnitude and direction.
2 ~
Note: cos 45◦ = . Hence, E
2
√
~ k = 2 ke q Q 2
kF 2
L 2
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 2
First, position the arc symmetrically Alternate Solution: Just solve for kEk ~ in
around the y axis, centered at the origin. By a straight forward manner, positioning the
symmetry (in this rotated configuration) the beginning of the arc on the positive x axis (as
field in the x direction cancels due to charge shown in the original figure in the question).
from opposites sides of the y-axis, so θ is still defined as the angle in the counter-
clockwise direction from the positive x axis.
Ex = 0 .
For a continuous linear charge distribution,
!
89◦
ke λ
Z
Ex = − cos θ dθ ı̂
~ = ke dq r̂
Z
r 0◦
E
r2 ke λ
=− [sin (89◦ ) − sin (0◦ )] ı̂
In polar coordinates r
= −(22.4689 N/C)
dq = λ (r dθ) ,
× [(0.999848) − 0.0] ı̂
where λ is the linear charge density. The = [−22.4655 N/C] ı̂ ,
positive y axis is θ = 90◦ , so the y component
of the electric field is given by
dEy = dE sin θ . 89 ◦
!
ke λ
Z
Ey = − sin θ dθ ̂
Note: By symmetry, each half of the arc r 0◦
about the y axis contributes equally to the ke λ
electric field at the origin. Hence, we may just =− [cos (0◦ ) − cos (89◦ )] ̂
consider the right-half of the arc (beginning r
= −(22.4689 N/C)
on the positive y axis and extending towards
the positive x axis) and multiply the answer × [1.0 − (0.0174518)] ̂
by 2. = [−22.0768 N/C] ̂ ,
Note: The upper angular limit θ = 90◦ .
The lower angular limit θ = 90◦ − 44.5 ◦ =
45.5◦ , is the angle from the positive x axis to q
the right-hand end of the arc. ~
kEk = Ex2 + Ey2
Z ◦ ! h
λ 90 = (−22.4655 N/C)2
E = −2 ke sin θ dθ ̂
r 45.5 ◦ i1/2
+ (−22.0768 N/C)2
λ
= −2 ke [cos (45.5◦ ) − cos (90◦ )] ̂ .
r = 31.4973 N/C .
Since
λ
ke = (8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 )
r 003 10.0 points
(7 × 10−9 C/m) The electron gun in a television tube is used
× to accelerate electrons (mass of 9.10939 ×
(2.8 m)
= 22.4689 N/C , 10−31 kg and charge of −1.60218 × 10−19 C)
from rest to 2 × 107 m/s within a distance of
1.9 cm.
E = −2 (22.4689 N/C) What electric field is required?
× [(0.700909) − (0)] ̂
= −31.4973 N/C ̂ Correct answer: 59848.8 N/C.
~ = 31.4973 N/C .
kEk Explanation:
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 3

Correct answer: 2253.17 N/C.

Let : me = 9.10939 × 10−31 kg ,
Explanation:
qe = 1.60218 × 10−19 C ,
v = 2 × 107 m/s , and
Let : r = 2.1 cm = 0.021 m ,
d = 1.9 cm .
ρ = 1.9 µC/m3
The magnitude of the force is = 1.9 × 10−6 C/m3 , and
F = qe E = me a ǫ0 = 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 .
qe E Consider a cylindrical Gaussian surface of
a=
me radius r and length ℓ much less than the
length of the insulator so that the compo-
The final velocity is nent of the electric field parallel to the axis is
negligible.
vf2 = vi2 + 2 a d = 2 a d

since vi = 0, so
2 d qe E R
v2 = r
me
2
v me
E=

ℓ
2dq
 e 
2 × 107 m/s2 9.10939 × 10−31 kg


=
2 (1.9 cm) (1.60218 × 10−19 C)
The flux leaving the ends of the Gaussian
= 59848.8 N/C . cylinder is negligible, and the only contribu-
tion to the flux is from the side of the cylinder.
Since the field is perpendicular to this surface,
004 10.0 points the flux is
Consider a long, uniformly charged, cylindri- Φs = 2 π r ℓ E ,
cal insulator of radius R with charge density
1.9 µC/m3 . (The volume of a cylinder with and the charge enclosed by the surface is
radius r and length ℓ is V = π r 2 ℓ.)
The value of the Permittivity of free space Qenc = π r 2 ℓ ρ .
is 8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 Using Gauss’ law,
Qenc
Φs =
ǫ0
R π r2 ℓ ρ
2πrℓE = .
ǫ0
2.1 cm
Thus
ρ
E= r
2 ǫ0
1.9 × 10−6 C/m3 (0.021 m)


What is the magnitude of the electric field =
2 (8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 )
inside the insulator at a distance 2.1 cm from
the axis (2.1 cm < R)? = 2253.17 N/C .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 4
The net charge in any conductor resides on
005 10.0 points the surface of the conductor; i.e., Eq. 1.
Consider two long, isolated, concentric, con- The net charge inside the surface of any
ducting cylinders. The inner conductor has a conductor is zero; i.e., Eq. 2.
net charge of −7 q . The outer conductor has The net charge on the outer shell is the
a net charge of 9 q . sum of the charges on the inside surface and
Since the two cylinders are conductors, the outside surface; i.e., Eq. 3.
charge flows to the surfaces of the cylinders.
Q3 Q1 = −7 q , (1)
9q Q2
Q2 = −Q1 = −(−7 q) = 7 q (2)
Q1
Q2 + Q3 = 9 q (3)
Q3 = 9 q − Q2
−7 q
= (9 q) − (7 q)
= 2q .

keywords:

006 10.0 points

Figure; The arrows for Q1 , Q2 , A charge of 116 pC is distributed on an iso-
and Q3 indicate the charge on the lated spherical conductor that has a 3.9 cm
surface. radius. Point A is 2.5 cm from the center of
the conductor and point B is 5 cm from the
Which choice best represents the charge center of the conductor.
distribution in electrostatic equilibrium? Determine the electric potential difference
VA − VB .
1. Q1 = −2 q Q2 = 2 q Q3 = 1 q
Correct answer: 5.88108 V.
2. Q1 = −3 q Q2 = 3 q Q3 = −8 q
Explanation:
3. Q1 = 7 q Q2 = −7 q Q3 = 1 q
Let : ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 ,
4. Q1 = −2 q Q2 = 2 q Q3 = 5 q
q = 116 pC = 1.16 × 10−10 C ,
5. Q1 = −8 q Q2 = 8 q Q3 = −3 q r = 3.9 cm = 0.039 m , and
b = 5 cm = 0.05 m .
6. Q1 = 6 q Q2 = −6 q Q3 = 2 q
Since the electric field is 0 inside of a con-
7. Q1 = −7 q Q2 = 7 q Q3 = 2 q cor- ductor, the potential at A with respect to
rect infinity is equal to the potential
q
8. Q1 = −5 q Q2 = 5 q Q3 = −10 q VA = ke
r
9. Q1 = 3 q Q2 = −3 q Q3 = 12 q at the surface of the sphere, where r is the
radius of the spherical conductor. Hence
10. Q1 = −4 q Q2 = 4 q Q3 = 0 q  
1 1
VA − VB = ke q −
Explanation: r b
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 5

= (8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 ) To isolate the kinetic energy of particle B , we

× (1.16 × 10−10 C) note that by conservation of momentum
 
1 1 pi = pf
× −
0.039 m 0.05 m 0 = mA vA + mB vB
= 5.88108 V .
since mA = mB ⇒ |va | = |vb | . Thus KA =
KB so ∆K is shared equally between the two
007 10.0 points particles. Finally
Particles A (of mass m and charge Q) and
B (of m and charge 5 Q) are released from ∆K
KB = = 10.4331 J .
rest with the distance between them equal to 2
0.9778 m.
If Q = 26 µC, what is the kinetic energy 008 10.0 points
of particle B at the instant when the particles A circular parallel-plate capacitor with a
are 2.9778 m apart? spacing of 4.8 mm is charged to produce
a uniform electric field with a strength of
Correct answer: 10.4331 J. 2.9 × 106 N/C.
Explanation: The permittivity of vacuum is 8.85 ×
10−12 C2 /N · m2 .
What plate radius is required if the stored
Let : ke = 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2 , charge is −0.95 µC?
Q = 26 µC = 2.6 × 10−5 C ,
Correct answer: 0.108547 m.
a1 = 0.9778 m , and
a2 = 2.9778 m . Explanation:

This is a conservation of energy problem so

recall that Let : ∆d = d = 4.8 mm ,
∆U + ∆K = 0 E = 2.9 × 106 N/C ,
At a2 , since the electrostatic potential energy Q = −0.95 µC = −9.5 × 10−7 C , and
is inversely proportional to the distance, the ǫ0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 .
system of two particles loses potential energy
(compared with U at a1 ). This loss of poten- The capacitance is
tial translates to an increase of kinetic energy.
A Q
Hence C = ǫ0 =
  d ∆V
1 1
∆U = ke Q (5 Q) −
a2 a1 ǫ0 π r 2 Q
= 8.98755 × 109 N · m2 /C2

=
d −E ∆d
× (2.6 × 10−5 C) 5 (2.6 × 10−5 C)
  r
Q
  r= −
1 1 π ǫ0 E
× − s
2.9778 m 0.9778 m −9.5 × 10−7 C
= 20.8662 J = −
π (8.85 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 )
so
s
1
∆K = −∆U = 20.8662 J ×
2.9 × 106 N/C
Since the particles were initially at rest ∆K
is the kinetic energy of both particles at a2 . = 0.108547 m .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 6

009 10.0 points 010 10.0 points

When the switch is in position a, an isolated A capacitor network with air-filled capacitors
capacitor of unknown capacitance has been as shown below.
charged to a potential difference of 123 V. 57 µF 57 µF
When the switch is moved to position b, this c
charged capacitor is then connected parallel
to the uncharged 14.1 µF capacitor. The a b
voltage across the combination becomes 36 V. 57 µF 57 µF
14.1 µF 55.6 V
d

C1
S b
When the top right-hand capacitor is filled
a with a material of dielectric constant κ, the
123 V
charge on this capacitor is increases by a fac-
tor of 1.24.
Find the dielectric constant κ of the mate-
Calculate the unknown capacitance. rial inserted into the top right-hand capacitor.

Correct answer: 5.83448 µF. Correct answer: 1.63158.

Explanation: Explanation:

Let : V1 = 123 V ,
V2 = 36 V and Let : C1 = C = 57 µF ,
C2 = 14.1 µF . C2 = C = 57 µF ,
C3 = C = 57 µF ,
Since the capacitor has been charged to a
C4 = C = 57 µF ,
potential difference of V1 , the charge in the
capacitor is Q = C1 V1 , where C1 is the un- EB = 55.6 V , and
known capacitance. When we connect the Q′ = 1.5 Q .
second capacitor parallel with the first one,
the charge of the system is still Q, while the
total capacitance is Ctotal = C1 + C2 . De- C1 C2
noting the voltage across the combination as c
V2 , we have Q = Ctotal V2 . Equating the two
expressions we obtained for Q, we get a b
C3 C4
C1 V1 = (C1 + C2 ) V2
EB
d
and solving for C1 :
C2 V2
C1 =
V1 − V2 The capacitors C3 and C4 have nothing to
(14.1 µF) (36 V) do with this problems. In addition, the capac-
= itances are all equal and their specific values
(123 V) − (36 V)
are immaterial. Furthermore, the electric po-
= 5.83448 µF . tential of the battery is not required.
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 7
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 , where Q and Q′ In the circuit shown below, the current i in
are the initial and final charges on C2 and the resistor R doubles its original value when
Q′ the switch S is closed.
≡ α=ratio of final to initial charge on C2 .
Q 20 Ω 153.569 Ω
We know the charges on C1 and C2 are the
same. Initially,

Vab = V1 + V2 S
Q Q 153.569 Ω 20 Ω
= +
C1 C2
Q Q E
= + R
C C
Q
=2 . (1) i
C
Find the value of R.
Therefore
1
Q= Vab C . Correct answer: 16.0025 Ω.
2
After the dielectric material is inserted in C2 , Explanation:
the capacitance becomes C2′ = κ C. There- For resistors in parallel,
fore,
1 1 1
= + .
Vab = V1′ + V2′ Req,p Ra Rb
Q′ Q′
= + For resistors in series,
C1 C2′
Q′ Q′ Req,s = Ra + Rb .
= +
C κC
κ + 1 Q′ R3 R4
= ,
κ C
and using Eq. (1) and solving for Q′ , we have
S
2Q κ+ 1 Q′ R1 R2
=
C κ C
′ κ
Q = Vab C E
κ+1 R
κ
= 2Q
κ+1
Q′ 2κ
≡α= = 1.24 .
Q κ+1
Let : R1 = 153.569 Ω ,
Solving for κ, we have R2 = 20 Ω ,
α 1.24 R3 = 20 Ω ,
κ= = = 1.63158 .
2−α 2 − 1.24 R4 = 153.569 Ω , and
1
Req,c = Req,o .
2
keywords:
for the current to double when the switch is
011 10.0 points closed, the equivalent resistance must drop to
one-half its value when the switch is open.
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 8
With the switch open, 8.3 V
10.7 Ω
R12 = R1 + R2 = 153.569 Ω + 20 Ω = 173.569 Ω
R34 = R3 + R4 = 20 Ω + 153.569 Ω = 173.569 Ω I1
1 1 18.5 Ω
R1234 = + I2
R12 R34
 −1
1 1
= + 16.7 V
R12 R34
 −1 I3
1 1
= + = 86.7843 Ω
173.569 Ω 173.569 Ω
Req,o = R + R1234 . Find the current through the 10.7 Ω resistor
and the 8.3 V battery at the top of the circuit.
When the switch is closed,
Correct answer: 2.33645 A.
1 1
R13 = + Explanation:
R1 R3
−1 E1
R1

1 1
= +
R1 R3
 −1 I1
1 1
= + = 17.6954 Ω R2
153.569 Ω 20 Ω I2
1 1
R24 = +
R2 R4
 −1 E2
1 1 I3
= +
R2 R4
 −1
1 1
= + = 17.6954 Ω
20 Ω 153.569 Ω
Let : R1 = 10.7 Ω ,
Req,c = R + R13 + R24 .
R2 = 18.5 Ω ,
The new resistance is one-half the original, so E1 = 8.3 V , and
E2 = 16.7 V .
1
R + R13 +R24 = (R + R1234 ) At nodes, we have
2
2 R + 2 R13 + 2 R24 = R + R1234 , so
I1 − I2 − I3 = 0 . (1)
R = R1234 − 2 R13 − 2 R24
R = (86.7843 Ω) − 2 (17.6954 Ω) − 2 (17.6954Pay
Ω) attention to the sign of the battery and
the direction of the current in the figure. Us-
= 16.0025 Ω .
ing the lower circuit in the figure, we get
E 2 + I2 R 2 = 0 (2)
keywords:
so
012 10.0 points E2 −16.7 V
I2 = − = = −0.902703 A .
In this problem assume that the batteries R2 18.5 Ω
have zero internal resistance. The currents Then, for the upper circuit
are flowing in the direction indicated by the
arrows. E 1 − I2 R 2 − I1 R 1 = 0 . (3)
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 9
E 1 + E 2 − I1 R 1 = 0 The maximum power that can be dissipated
in the circuit is
E1 + E2 8.3 V + 16.7 V
I1 = = = 2.33645 A . Pmax = V Imax
R1 10.7 Ω
Alternate Method: Using the outside = (130 V) (15 A)
loop = 1950 W .
−E1 − E2 + I1 R1 = 0 (4)
E1 + E2
I1 = .
R1 Pmax 1950 W
= = 18.2243 .
Pone 107 W
keywords:

013 10.0 points Thus, one can operate at most 18 bulbs in

A battery having an emf of 13.83 V delivers this circuit.
115 mA when connected to a 68.9 Ω load.
Find the internal resistance of the battery. 015 10.0 points
A long cylindrical shell has a uniform current
Correct answer: 51.3609 Ω. density. The total current flowing through
the shell is 10 mA.
Explanation:
The permeability of free space is
1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A .
Let : E = 13.83 V ,
I = 115 mA = 0.115 A , and m
17 k
R = 68.9 Ω . 6 cm
Using E = I(R + Ri ), we have
3 cm
E
Ri = − R b
I
13.83 V
= − 68.9 Ω The current
115 mA
is 10 mA .
= 51.3609 Ω .
Find the magnitude of the magnetic field at
014 10.0 points a point r1 = 3.7 cm from the cylindrical axis.
How many 107 W lightbulbs can you use in a
130 V circuit without tripping a 15 A circuit Correct answer: 9.38939 nT.
breaker? (The bulbs are connected in paral-
lel, which means that the potential difference Explanation:
across each lightbulb is 130 V.)

Correct answer: 18 bulbs. Let : L = 17 km ,

Explanation: ra = 3 cm = 0.03 m ,
rb = 6 cm = 0.06 m ,
Let : Pone = 107 W , r1 = 3.7 cm = 0.037 m ,
V = 130 V , and I = 10 mA , and
I = 15 A . µb = 1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 10

016 10.0 points

L An infinitely long straight wire carrying a
rb current I1 = 73.6 A is partially surrounded
by a loop as in figure. The loop has a length
ra L = 38.4 cm, a radius R = 17.4 cm, and
b
carries a current I2 = 14.4 A. The axis of the
loop coincides with the wire.
The current
I = 10 mA .
R
Since the cylindrical shell is infinitely long,
and has cylindrical symmetry, Ampere’s Law
gives the easiest solution. Consider a circle L I1
of radius r1 centered around the center of
I2
the shell. To use Ampere’s law we need the
amount of current that cuts through this circle
of radius r1 . To get this, we first need to
compute the current density, for the current
flowing through the shell.
Calculate the force exerted on the loop.
I
J=
A Correct answer: 935.583 µN.
I
= 2 Explanation:
π rb − π ra2
(10 mA)
=
π [(0.06 m)2 − (0.03 m)2 ] Let : I1 = 73.6 A,
= 1.17893 A/m2 . I2 = 14.4 A,
The current enclosed within the circle is L = 38.4 cm = 0.384 m, and
R = 17.4 cm = 0.174 m.
Ienc = π [r12 − ra2 ] · J The central wire creates field
= π [(0.037 m)2 − (0.03 m)2 ]
~ = µ0 I1
B counterclockwise .
× (1.17893 A/m2 ) 2πR
= 0.00173704 A .
The curved portions of the loop feels zero
Ampere’s Law, force since ~l × B
~ = 0 there. The straight
I portions both feel I2 ~l × B
~ forces to the right,
~ · d~s = µ0 Ienc
B amounting to

B 2 π r1 = µ0 Ienc ~ = I2 2 L µ0 I1
F
µ0 Ienc 2πR
B= µ0 I1 I2 L
2 π r1 = to the right
πR
1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A
= ~ k = µ0 (73.6 A) (14.4 A) (0.384 m)
kF
2 π (0.037 m) π (0.174 m)
× (0.00173704 A) = 0.000935583 N
= 9.38939 nT . = 935.583 µN .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 11
through the left slit and enter “Region I” in
keywords: which there is a vertical uniform electric field
(in the −̂ direction, due to the potential dif-
017 10.0 points ference 2600 V across the distance 1.8 cm)
A 1-meter long superconducting solenoid with and a 0.2 T uniform magnetic field (aligned
3550 turns/m and a 5.8 cm diameter carries with the ±k̂-direction) as shown in the figure
a 1800 A supercurrent. by the shaded area. (There is magnetic field
How much magnetic field energy is con- in both Region I and Region II).
tained in it? The permeability of free space is
1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A. +2600 V Region of
q Magnetic
Field
Correct answer: 67784 J. m 0.2 T
Explanation:

51
y

cm
1.8 cm
Let : L = 1 m,
x
n = 3550 turns/m , z
µ0 = 1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A ,
Region I Region II
r = 2.9 cm = 0.029 m , and
I = 1800 A . Figure: ı̂ is in the direction +x
(to the right), ̂ is in the direction
We know that the interior magnetic field of a +y (up the page), and k̂ is in the
solenoid direction +z (out of the page).
B = µ0 n I The ions that make it into “Region II” are
observed to be deflected downward and then
= (1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A)
follow a circular path with a radius of r =
× (3550 turns/m) × (1800 A) 0.51 m.
= 8.02991 T . The charge on each ion is 6.4 × 10−18 C.
What is the mass of the ions?
B2
Energy density is e = , so the total en-
2 µ0 Correct answer: 9.03877 × 10−25 kg.
ergy is
Explanation:
E = e π r2 L
To obtain a straight orbit, the upward and
B 2 π r2 L downward forces need to cancel. The force on
=
2 µ0 a charged particle is
(8.02991 T)2 π (0.029 m)2 (1 m)
= ~ =F
~E + F
~ B = q (E
~ + ~v × B)
~ .
2 (1.25664 × 10−6 T · m/A) F
= 67784 J .
For the force to be zero, we need

~E + F
F ~B = 0 , or
keywords:

018 10.0 points ~ E = −F

F ~B .

A device (“source”) emits a bunch of Therefore, the forces are equal and opposite
charged ions (particles) with a range of ve- and the magnitude of forces are equal; i.e.,
locities (see figure). Some of these ions pass ~ E k = kF
kF ~Bk .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 12
The force due to the magnetic field provides The radius of a circular path taken by a
the centripetal force that causes the negative charged particle in a magnetic field is given
ions to move in the semicircle. by
As the positively charged ion exits the re-
gion of the electric field, F~ B = q ~v × B,
~ so by mv
the right-hand rule the r= .
 magnetic field must qB
point out of the page or in the +z-direction Br
m=q
v

+k̂ , since the force F ~ is in the direction up
= (6.4 × 10−18 C)
the page; i.e., “+̂ ”
(0.2 T)(0.51 m)
q ×
=+ 7.22222 × 105 m/s
|q|
~v = 9.03877 × 10−25 kg .
= +ı̂
k~v k
~
B
=? 019 10.0 points
~
kBk
A rectangular loop consists of 275 closely
~B
F wrapped turns of wire and has dimensions
= −̂ , and
kF~B k 0.84 m by 0.68 m. The loop is hinged along
the y-axis, and its plane makes an angle of 27◦
the vector product with the x-axis.
ı̂ × k̂ = −̂ , and since A uniform magnetic field of 0.79 T is di-
~ = q ~v × B~ = kF
~ k (−̂) rected along the x-axis and the current in the
F
" # loop is 6.9 A in the direction shown.
~
F q ~v ~
B
= × y 0. 6
kF~k |q| k~vk kBk ~ 8m
h  i
= + (+ı̂) × +k̂ B = 0.79 T
0.84 m

= −̂ , consequently i = 6.9 A

~
B x
= +k̂ is correct.
~
kBk B = 0.79 T

27 ◦
z
Let : B = 0.2 T , and
V (2600 V) What is the magnitude of the torque ex-
E≡ = erted on the loop?
d (1.8 cm)
= 1.44444 × 105 N/C . Correct answer: 762.918 N · m.
Since the electric and magnetic forces on the Explanation:
ion are equal,
qE = qvB Let : n = 275 ,
E 1.44444 × 105 N/C ℓ = 0.84 m ,
v= = = 7.22222 × 105 m/s .
B 0.2 T w = 0.68 m ,
θ = 27◦ ,
Let : r = 0.51 m = 0.51 m and B = 0.79 T , and
q = 6.4 × 10−18 C . I = 6.9 A .
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 13
The field makes an angle of α = 90◦ − θ
with a line perpendicular to the plane of the Correct answer: 0.323518 m/s.
loop, so the torque acting on the loop is
Explanation:
τ = µloop B sin α
= n B I A sin α
Let : m = 48 kg ,
= n B I ℓ w sin α (1)
M = 350 g = 0.35 kg ,
= (275)(0.79 T)(6.9 A)(0.84 m)(0.68 m)
ℓ = 65 cm = 0.65 m ,
· sin(90◦ − 27◦ )
B = 910 mT , and
= 762.918 N · m . R = 33 mΩ = 0.033 Ω .
Notice: If the axis of rotation is parallel to m
y-axis, the torque is the same — no matter a
where the axis of rotation is place; e.g., if the
axis of rotation were in the middle of the coil, T
ℓ Fm
we have R
ℓ
τ = 2nBI w sin α
2 T
= n B I ℓ w sin α , B a Fg B B B B
M
which is the same as Eq. 1.

keywords: ~ g = M ~g
F
020 10.0 points ~ m = I ~ℓ × B
F ~
A bar of negligible resistance and mass of
48 kg in the figure is pulled horizontally across ~ net = (M + m) ~a = F
F ~g − F
~m
frictionless parallel rails, also of negligible re- d ΦB
sistance, by a massless string that passes over E =IR=−
dt
an ideal pulley and is attached to a suspended
mass of 350 g. The uniform magnetic field ~ ·A
ΦB = B ~
has a magnitude of 910 mT, and the distance
between the rails is 65 cm. The rails are con- E = Bℓv.
nected at one end by a load resistor of 33 mΩ. It follows from Lenz’s law that the mag-
48 kg netic force opposes the motion of the bar.
When the wire acquires steady-state speed,
the gravitational force Fg is counter-balanced
65 cm Ω by the magnetic force Fm .
3 m
3
Fg = M g = Fm = ℓ I B (1)
350 g Mg
910 mT 910 mT 910 mT I= . (2)
ℓB
a
To find the induced current, we use Ohm’s law
dΦ
What is the magnitude of the terminal ve- and substitute in the induced emf, E = −
dt
locity (i.e., the eventual steady-state speed
v∞ ) reached by the bar? The acceleration of |E| 1 dΦ
gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . I= = . (3)
R R dt
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 14
Note: We have ignored the minus sign from If the current is initially zero in this LR cir-
the induced emf E because we will eventu- cuit, the current at time t is
ally evaluate the magnitude of the terminal
velocity. The flux is Φ = B A , so  
I = If 1 − e−t/τ
dΦ dA
|E| = =B = Bℓv, and (4) I
dt dt = 1 − e−t/τ
If
Bℓv I
I= . (5) e−t/τ = 1 −
R If
Using Eqs. 2 and 5 and noting that v is the  
t 1−I
terminal velocity v∞ − = ln
τ If
Mg B ℓ v∞ 
I

= . (6) t = −τ ln 1 −
ℓB R If
Solving for the magnitude of the terminal
 
5A
velocity v∞ = −(5 s) ln 1 −
35 A
M gR = 0.770753 s .
v∞ = (7)
ℓ2 B 2
(0.35 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) (0.033 Ω)
=
(0.65 m)2 (910 mT)2
022 10.0 points
= 0.323518 m/s . A 38 mH inductor is connected to a outlet
where the rms voltage is 137 V and the fre-
quency is 51 Hz.
keywords: Determine the energy stored in the inductor
at t = 2.6 ms, assuming that this energy is
021 10.0 points zero at t = 0.
A large electromagnet has an inductance of
50 H and a resistance of 10 Ω. It is connected Correct answer: 2.63441 J.
to a DC power source of 350 V.
Find the time for the current to reach 5 A. Explanation:

Correct answer: 0.770753 s.

Explanation: Let : t = 2.6 ms = 0.0026 s ,
f = 51 Hz ,
L = 38 mH = 0.038 H , and
Let : L = 50 H ,
Vrms = 137 V .
R = 10 Ω ,
I = 5 A , and
The inductive reactance is
Eo = 350 V ,

The current constant of this inductance is XL = ω L = 2 π f L

ε0 350 V
If = = = 35 A ,
R 10 Ω and the maximum current is
and the time constant
√ √
L 50 H 2 Vrms 2 Vrms
τ= = = 5 s. Imax = =
R 10 Ω XL 2πf L
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 15
r
The current at time t is L
Vmax = Imax
C
I = Imax sin(ω t)
√
r
0.009 H
2 Vrms = (0.07 A)
= sin(2 π f t) 8 × 10−7 F
2πf L
√ = 7.42462 V .
2 (137 V)
=
2 π (51 Hz) (0.038 H)
× sin[(2 π (51 Hz) (0.0026 s)] 024 10.0 points
= 11.7751 A , Consider an electromagnetic plane wave with
time average intensity 298 W/m2 .
so the potential energy stored in the inductor The speed of light is 2.99792 × 108 m/s
is and the permeability of free space is 4 π ×
−7
1 2
10 T·m/A .
U = LI What is its maximum electric field?
2
1
= (0.038 H) (11.7751 A)2 Correct answer: 473.847 V/m.
2
= 2.63441 J . Explanation:

023 10.0 points Let : I = 298 W/m2 ,

An LC circuit consists of a 9 mH inductor and µ0 = 4 π × 10−7 T·m/A , and
a 0.8 µF capacitor.
c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s .
If the maximum instantaneous current is
0.07 A, what is the greatest potential differ- The average intensity of an electromagnetic
ence across the capacitor? wave is the magnitude of its average Poynting
vector
Correct answer: 7.42462 V.
Explanation: EB EmaxBmax
I = Save = =
µ0 2µ0

Let : C = 0.8 µF = 8 × 10−7 F , Since E = c B,

L = 9 mH = 0.009 H , and 2
Emax
Imax = 0.07 A . I=
2µ c
p0
The maximum energy stored in the capacitor Emax = 2 µ0 c I
occurs when I = 0; at this instant, no mag-
q
= 2 (4 π × 10−7 T · m/A)
netic energy is stored in the inductor. On q
the other hand, the maximum energy stored × (2.99792 × 108 m/s) (298 W/m2 )
in the inductor occurs when Q = 0; at this
instant, no electric energy is stored in the = 473.847 V/m .
capacitor. From conservation of energy, it fol-
lows that the maximum energy stored in the
capacitor must equal the maximum energy 025 10.0 points
stored in the inductor. Therefore, we have Three polarizing disks whose planes are
parallel are centered on a common axis. The
(Uc )max = (UL )max directions of the transmission axes relative
   
1 2 1 2 to the common vertical direction are shown.
CV = LI
2 max 2 max A linearly polarized beam of light with the
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 16
plane of polarization parallel to the vertical
reference direction is incident from the left on
the first disk with intensity Ii = 2.27 units keywords:
(arbitrary).
026 10.0 points
15.5◦
Consider two lenses where f1 = f and f2 =
41.7◦ −f . As shown in the sketch, they are aligned
61.5◦ along the z-axis with a separation d = 1.25 f .
Ii #1 #2

I1
3f f
I2
d
If
The distance between the object and lens
1 is p = 3 f . An image is formed due to the
Calculate the transmitted intensity If when two-lens system. Find the distance of this
θ1 = 15.5◦ , θ2 = 41.7◦ , and θ3 = 61.5◦ . image from lens 2.
7
Correct answer: 1.50228. 1. q2 = f
2
Explanation:
2. q2 = 3 f
Given : Ii = 2.27 , 3
3. q2 = f
θ1 = 15.5◦ , 4
θ2 = 41.7◦ , and 1
4. q2 = f
θ3 = 61.5◦ . 4
We use the formula 3
5. q2 = f
2
I = Ii cos2 θ ,
5
for the intensity of the transmitted (polarized) 6. q2 = f
2
light three times. After passing through the
first polarizer, the intensity of the transmitted 7. q2 = f
light is
1
I1 = Ii cos2 θ1 8. q2 = f correct
3
= (2.27) cos2 15.5◦
9. q2 = 2 f
= 2.10788 .
After the second polarizer, the intensity be- 1
10. q2 = f
comes 2
I2 = I1 cos2 (θ2 − θ1 )
= (2.10788) cos2 (41.7◦ − 15.5◦ ) Explanation:
= 1.697 . For lens 2, the “object” is the image formed
and finally, the transmitted intensity If will by lens 1 located at q1 = 2 f to the right of
be lens 1. So in the formula
If = I2 cos2 (θ3 − θ2 )
= (1.697) cos2 (61.5◦ − 41.7◦ )
1 1 1
= 1.50228 . = + ,
f2 p2 q2
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 17
for the “virtual object”,
1 Let : y = 3.7 cm = 0.037 m ,
p2 = −(q1 − d) = − f.
4 L = 4.7 m , and
This leads to d = 0.5 mm = 0.0005 m .
1 1 1 P
= − 6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90◦
q2 f2 p2
1 1

viewing
=− +

screen
1 r1  y y
f −1
f an
4 S1
r2 θ = t L
1 4 d
=− + Q O
f f S2
δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1
3
= L
f
f
q2 = .
3 r1

S1
027 10.0 points
A screen is illuminated by monochromatic  y
−1
light as shown in the figure below.
θ = t an L
The distance from the slits to the screen is d
4.7 m . r2 ◦
θ 0
Q S 1
≈9 r1
S2 6 S2
Q
≈ r2 −
nθ
d si
3.7 cm

δ ≈
S1
0.5 mm

θ
Solution: The angle θ from the slits’ mid-
viewing

point to the y position on the screen is

screen

S2
hyi
4.7 m
θ = arctan
What is the wave length if the distance from L 
(0.037 m)
the central bright region to the sixth bright = arctan
(4.7 m)
fringe is 3.7 cm .
= 0.00787218 rad .
Correct answer: 656.008 nm. The wavelength of the light for the sixth
Explanation: bright fringe, m = 6, is
Basic Concepts: For bright fringes, we
d sin θ
have λ=
d sin θ = m λ , m
(0.0005 m) sin(0.00787218 rad)
and for dark fringes, we have =
(6)
−7
= 6.56008 × 10 m
 
1
d sin θ = m + λ,
2 = 656.008 nm .

where m = 0 , ±1 , ±2 , ±3 , · · · .
From geometry, we have y = L tan θ . 028 10.0 points
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 18
Consider the interference pattern on the
screen formed by a 3-slit system, in which
δ is the path difference between adjacent rays 2π
and φ is the corresponding phase angle differ-
ence. 3

δ
keywords:
δ
At the first minimum, δ and φ are given by 029 10.0 points
2λ π Using a grating with a spacing of 0.00034 cm,
1. δ = and φ = a line (which looks like red light) appears
3 6 32 cm from the central line on a screen. The
λ π screen is 1.6 m from the grating.
2. δ = and φ =
3 3 What is the wavelength of the light?
2λ π
3. δ = and φ =
3 9 Correct answer: 666.795 nm.
2λ 2π Explanation:
4. δ = and φ =
3 3 Given:
λ 2π
5. δ = and φ = correct d = 3.4 × 10−6 m
3 3
λ π L = 1.6 m
6. δ = and φ = x = 32 cm
3 6
π λ =?
7. δ = λ and φ =
6
π For diffraction gratings,
8. δ = λ and φ =
3
λ = d sin θ
2π x
9. δ = λ and φ = =d √
3 x2 + L 2
2λ π = (0.00034 cm)
10. δ = and φ =
3 3
" !#
(32 cm)
× p
Explanation: (32 cm)2 + (1.6 m)2
Basic Concepts
= (6.66795 × 10−7 m) (1 × 109 nm/m)
= 666.795 nm .
2πδ
φ = kδ = .
λ Note:
x
The first minimum occurs when the three elec- sin θ = √ = 0.196116 , and
x2 + L 2
tric field phase vectors form a closed triangle, x
see sketch. From the sketch one sees that the tan θ = = 0.2 .
L
adjacent phase angle
If sin θ ≈ tan θ the small angle approximation
  can be used. Then we would have
2π λ λ
φ= , and δ = φ = .
3 2π 3 λ = d sin θ
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 19
≈ d tan θ x
≈ (0.00034 cm) 1. five slits
L 
0.32 m 2. four slits correct
≈ (0.00034 cm)
1.6 m
≈ 680 nm , 3. seven slits

with a fractional error of 4. eight slits

λsin − λtan (666.795 nm) − (680 nm)
= 5. three slits
λsin (680 nm)
= −0.0198039
6. six slits
= −2 % .
7. more than eight slits
Dimensional analysis of λ
 2 9 8. two slits
cm · cm 1m 10 nm
= nm
m 102 cm 1m 9. one slit
Explanation:
030 10.0 points
Basic Concepts: Multiple Slit Interfer-
In a diffraction/interference experiment, iden-
ence and Single Slit Diffraction
tical slits are illuminated by a laser beam.
This interference pattern (shown in the
The intensity pattern shown in the figure is
question) is the combination of a multiple
observed on a screen a large distance from the
four slit interference pattern
slits.
The figure below, shows a plot of the in-
tensity of the light at a distance along the
screen.
+1 λ/d +2 λ/d +3 λ/d

λ
δ=
2a

and each slit’s

0
−3 λ/d −2 λ/d −1 λ/d

single slit diffraction pattern.

Solution: If only one slit was illuminated,
the intensity pattern is the envelope of the
peak maxima as shown in the figure above,
λ which is single slit “Fraunhofer” diffraction.
δ=−
2a If two slits were illuminated, the intensity
pattern is the envelope of the peak maxima as
How many slits are illuminated? shown in the figure below, which is double slit
 hernandez (uh286) – oldfinal 01 – Turner – (59070) 20
“Fresnel” interference. The distance between image and object is

L=p+q
=p−Mp
= p (1 − M )
Secondary maxima occur when more than L
two slits are illuminated. p=
1−M
From the lens equation,
 
1 1 1 1 1
= − = 1−
If there was one secondary maximum be- f p Mq p M
tween the central peak and the first large 1−M M −1
= ·
peak, three slits are illuminated. L M
(1 − M )2
=−
LM
ML (0.698) (10.2 cm)
f =− 2
=−
(1 − M ) (1 − 0.698)2
If there were two secondary maxima, four = −78.0624 cm .
slits are illuminated.

If there were three secondary maxima, five

slits are illuminated, etc.
Consequently, in this problem (as shown in
the question) there are two secondary min-
ima which indicates that there are four slits
illuminated.

031 10.0 points

The distance between an object and its up-
right image is 10.2 cm.
If the magnification is 0.698, what is the
focal length of the lens being used to form the
image?

Correct answer: −78.0624 cm.

Explanation:

Given : L = 10.2 cm and

M = 0.698 .
The image is upright, so
q
M =−
p
q = −M p