Mohammed salih Assist. Prof. Dr.

alia' Hassan

1. Relation between data warehouse and OLAP

In large data warehouse environments, many different types of analysis
can occur. In addition to SQL queries, you may also apply more advanced
analytical operations to your data. Two major types of such analysis are
OLAP (On-Line Analytic Processing) and data mining.
A data mart is a data store based on the same principles as a data
warehouse, but with a limited scope. Dimensional modeling is a principal
data mart modeling technique (which can also be used as a data warehouse
modeling technique). 
A data warehouse is a “subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, non
volatile collection of data that is used in organizational decision making.
 Subject-oriented: A data warehouse is organized around major
subjects, such as customer, supplier, product, and sales.
 Integrated: A data warehouse is usually constructed by integrating
multiple heterogeneous sources, such as relational databases, flat
files and on-line transaction records.
 Non-volatile data: The data warehouse is read-only, It usually
requires only two operations in data accessing: initial loading of data
and access of data.
 Time-variant: Data are stored to provide information from a
historical perspective (e.g., the past 5–10 years).

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 Mohammed salih Assist. Prof. Dr. alia' Hassan

2. Relation between OLTP && OLAP

It is important to note that the term OLAP followed the
development of the standard database concept of online transactional
processing (OLTP).
 OLTP refers to the general activity of updating, querying and
presenting text and number data from databases for operational
purposes.
 OLAP refers to the general activity of querying and presenting text
and number data from data warehouses and/or data marts for
analytical purposes. OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional
database. Whereas a relational database can be thought of as two-
dimensional, a multidimensional database considers each data
attribute as a separate "dimension."

Distinct features OLTP OLAP

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User and system orientation customer market
Data contents current, detailed historical
ER(entity-relationship)data
Database design star + subject
module+ application
View current, local evolutionary, integrated
Access patterns update read-only but complex queries
Problem solving ,
purpose Control and run task
decision support

3. OLAP Functionalities
The three basic OLAP features that are used regularly by analysts are
commonly referred to as:
 Slice and dice: slice operation selects one particular dimension from
a given cube. Dice selects two or more dimensions from a given cube
 Pivot (rotate): It rotates the data axes in view in order to provide an
alternative presentation of data.
 Drill down and roll up: Drill-down is the reverse operation of roll-up.
Roll-up performs aggregation on a data cube

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 Mohammed salih Assist. Prof. Dr. alia' Hassan

4. OLAP Categories
There are several different categories of OLAP tools, depending on
which database model is used
a- The MOLAP (multidimensional online analytical processing) engine
takes the data from the warehouse or from the operational
sources then stores the data in proprietary data structures,
multidimensional cubes.
b- ROLAP (Relational online analytical processing)servers are placed
between relational back-end server and client front-end tools. To
store and manage warehouse data, ROLAP uses relational or
extended-relational DBMS. Queries are created in a standard point-
and-click way. The ROLAP server translates the queries into SQL
c- Hybrid OLAP is a combination of both ROLAP and MOLAP.
its take advantage of the strengths of both methods. In a hybrid
solution , the relational database can be used to store the bulk of the
detail data and the multidimensional model can be used to store

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summary data.

5. From OLAP TO OLAM.

On-line analytical mining (OLAM) (also called OLAP mining) integrates on-line
analytical processing (OLAP) with data mining and mining knowledge in
multidimensional databases .
The functionalities of OLAP and data mining can be viewed as disjoint

OLAP data mining

OLAP is a data summarization/aggregation data mining allows the automated discovery of
tool that helps simplify data analysis patterns and knowledge in large amounts of data.

OLAP tools are targeted toward simplifying whereas the goal of data mining tools is to
and supporting interactive data analysis automate as much of the process as possible,

The functionalities: association, classification,

The functionalities: data summary and comparison
prediction, clustering, time-series analysis.

analysis of data stored in data warehouses analyze data existing at more detailed transactional,

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spatial, textual, and multimedia data

OLAM is particularly important for the following reasons:

• High quality of data in data warehouses: Most data mining tools need to
work on integrated, consistent, and cleaned data
• Available information processing infrastructure surrounding data
warehouses: include accessing, integration, and transformation of multiple
heterogeneous databases
• On-line selection of data mining functions: By integrating OLAP with
multiple data mining functions, on-line analytical mining(OLAM) provides
users with the flexibility to select desired data mining functions and swap
data mining tasks dynamically.