Concept of Bandwidth

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Concept of Bandwidth

I Two different interpretations or views of a information

conveying signal
1. Time domain - x(t)
2. Frequency domain - X (f )
I x(t) infinite duration sinusoidal signal of frequency f0
I In frequency domain X (f ) or its
corresponding frequency content, non-zero values at −fo and
fo .
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Bandwidth of Speech Signal (Baseband)

I Frequency content of telephone grade speech signal (in

general also called as baseband) is between 0.3 − 3.4 KHz.
I Bandwidth of speech signal = 3.4KHz − 0.3KHz ≈ 3.1 KHz

Wireless and Mobile Communication 3/6 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Channel Bandwidth

I Channel or transmission bandwidth should be equal to or

greater than bandwidth of baseband or speech signal, i.e.,
3.1 KHz.
I Channel bandwidth is greater than speech signal bandwidth
due to hardware constraints (requires design of filters with
sharp cut-off frequencies at mobile handset and base station
as well).

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Channel Bandwidth Contd.

I Hence, the allocated entire frequency band spectrum is

dividing into number of frequency “chunks” or channels with
bandwidth 30 KHz.
I Observe channel bandwidth 30 KHz is greater than speech
signal bandwidth 3.1 KHz.
I Either the channel bandwidth is 30 KHz or equivalently
frequency distance between consecutive center frequencies is
30 KHz.
I Modulation - Shifts or translates speech signal to required
channel or center(or carrier) frequency.
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What is Duplexing?

Or Why reverse and forward channels are required ?

I It is similar to two way vehicular traffic, enable simultaneous
communication.
I One channel (way) for speaking (or transmitting) and another
channel (way) for listening (or receiving).
I In frequency division duplexing (FDD), speaking and listening
is sent on two channels or at center frequencies.

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