Subject : Electrical machine-2

Pre – requisites : Electrical machine-1

Course Type : Theory + Practice

Credits : 5

Hours : 94(45+49)

Course Objective:

-To introduce the students about principles of electromagnetism applied to alternating machines.

-To familiarize the students about the fundamental laws that governs the operation of AC machines and
to extend its application to synchronous generator and motors.

-To introduce the students about the constraints associated with starting of Induction motors.

-To analyse the behaviour and the performance of the machine under different operating conditions and
their remedial measures.

Course Outcome

On completing this course, students will be able to:

-Distinguish the constructional similarity and dissimilarity between various alternators.

-Perform different tests on a synchronous generator.

-Calculate voltage regulation of the machines by different methods

-Understand about direct axis and quadrature axis reactance which is essential for higher studies.

-Run two or more alternators in parallel.

-Determine the power developed in a synchronous motor

-In the lab, 50% of the experiments will be verified by writing a software programme on the logic relating
to the Mathematical equation.
Syllabus

Module-I (36 Hrs):

THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS: Synchronous Generator Construction (both Cylindrical

Rotor and Salient Pole type), The Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator, Induced voltage in A.C.
Machines, The Effect of Coil Pitch on A.C. Machines, Distributed Windings in A.C. Machines, The
Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Generator (Armature Reaction Reactance, Synchronous Reactance
and Impedance).
CYLINDRICAL ROTOR TYPE THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS: The Phasor Diagram of a
Synchronous Generator, Power and Torque in Synchronous Generators (Power Angle Equation and
Power Angle Characteristic), Two reaction theory, Phasor diagram, Power angle characteristic of
synchronous generators, Measuring Synchronous Generator Model Parameters (Open Circuit and Short
Circuit Tests and Determination of Synchronous Impedance and Reactance), Voltage Regulation by
Synchronous Impedance Method, Zero Power Factor = ZPF Method ,Zero Power Factor characteristic,
Potier Reactance.
SALIENT POLE TYPE THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS Two Reaction Concept, Development of
the Equivalent Circuit of a Salient Pole type Three Phase Synchronous Generator (Direct axis and
Quadrature axis Reactance, Phasor Diagram for various load power factors,), Torque and Power
Equations of Salient Pole Synchronous Generator (Power Angle Equation and Power Angle Characteristic
with stator resistance neglected). Synchronous condenser, Hunting.

Module-II (26 Hrs):

PARALLEL OPERATION OF THREE PHASE A.C. SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS The Conditions Required for
Paralleling, The General Procedure for Paralleling Generators, Operation of Generators in Parallel with
Infinite bus bar, Effect of excitation, effect of unequal voltage and steam power supply. Load Sharing
between two generators.

THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS Basic Principles of Motor operation, Construction, Starting
Synchronous Motors, Equivalent circuit & phasor diagram. Effect of excitation on varying load, power
developed in a synchronous motor, induction motor and Synchronous Motors, Synchronous Motor
Ratings, Applications of synchronous motors

MODULE-III (32 Hrs):

THREE PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES Constructional Features of Squirrel Cage Rotor type and Slip
Ring/Wound Rotor type of Induction Motors, Principle of Operation, Slip Speed, Equivalent Circuit and
Phasor Diagram, No-Load and Blocked Rotor tests, Determination of Parameters, Slip-Torque
Characteristics Losses and Efficiency. Starting of Squirrel Cage Rotor type and Slip Ring/Wound Rotor
type of Induction Motors, Speed Control of Induction Motors, Circle Diagram, Effect of rotor resistance,
Starting and speed control methods, Cogging, Crawling and Electrical Braking of Induction Motors.

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS :Starting of Single Phase Induction Motors, Speed Control of Single
Phase Induction Motors, Circuit Model. Other types of Motors: Reluctance Motors.
 TEXT BOOKS:

 Electrical Machines – D P Kothari and I J Nagrath – Tata McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOK

 Electrical Machinery – P S Bimbhra – Khanna Publishers.

 Electrical Machines - P. K. Mukherjee, S. Chakravarti, Dhanpat Rai & Sons
 Electrical Machines-I. - B.L.Theraja- S.Chand Publications.

Pedagogy
Sl Module 1 Instructional Hours
pedagogy Detail
No Topic Theory Video Practical
1 Synchronous Generator Construction (both CRT e-content& 1 1 1
Cylindrical Rotor and Salient Pole type), The https://www.youtu
Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator,. be.com/watch?v=-
tprL4E530w
2 Induced voltage in A.C. Machines, The Effect of CRT e-content 1 0 1
Coil Pitch on A.C. Machines, Distributed
Windings in A.C. Machines
3 The Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous CRT e-content & 1 1 0
Generator (Armature Reaction Reactance, https://www.yout
Synchronous Reactance and Impedance). ube.com/watch?
v=T8zJKXkU_yM
4 The Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous CRT e-content 3 0 0
Generator, Power and Torque in Synchronous
Generators (Power Angle Equation and Power
Angle Characteristic)
5 Two reaction theory, Phasor diagram, Power CRT+ E content& Practice 1 0 3
angle characteristic of synchronous generators Practice In Electrical
Machine Lab
6 Measuring Synchronous Generator Model CRT E-content &Practice 1 0 3
Parameters (Open Circuit and Short Circuit +PRACTI In Electrical
Machine Lab And
Tests and Determination of Synchronous CE Graphically Find
Impedance and Reactance) Out Critical Speed
and Critical
Resistance
7 Voltage Regulation by Synchronous Impedance CRT E-Content 2 0 6
Method, Zero Power Factor = ZPF Method ,Zero +PRACTI &Practice In
Electrical Machine
Power Factor characteristic, Potier Reactance. CE Lab And
Graphically Find
Out characteristics
8 Two Reaction Concept CRT e-content 1 0 0

9 Development of the Equivalent Circuit of a CRT+Prac e-content & 2 0 3

Salient Pole type Three Phase Synchronous tice Practice In
Generator (Direct axis and Quadrature axis Electrical
Machine Lab
Reactance, Phasor Diagram for various load
power factors,)
10 Torque and Power Equations of Salient Pole CRT + E content & 1 0 3
Synchronous Generator (Power Angle Equation PRACTI CE Practice In
and Power Angle Characteristic with stator Electrical
Machine Lab
resistance neglected). Synchronous condenser,
Hunting
Sub Total=36 Hours(16+20) 14 2 20
Sl Module 2 Instructional Hours
pedagogy Detail
No Topic Theory Video Practical
11 The Conditions Required for Paralleling, The CRT + e-content Along 1 0 3
General Procedure for Paralleling Generators Practice With Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
12 Operation of Generators in Parallel with Infinite CRT + e-Content Along 1 0 3
bus bar Practice With Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
13 Effect of excitation, effect of unequal voltage CRT e-content 2 0 0
and steam power supply.
14 Load Sharing between two generators CRT + e-Content Along 1 0 3
Practice With Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab

15 Basic Principles of Synchronous Motor CRT e-content & 1 1 2

operation, Construction https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?
v=Vk2jDXxZIhs
16 Starting Synchronous Motors, Equivalent circuit CRT e-Content & 1 1 2
& phasor diagram. https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?
v=80DKO7m4d7Y
17 Effect of excitation on varying load, power CRT e-Content 2 0 0
developed in a synchronous motor, induction
motor
18 Synchronous Motor Ratings, Applications of CRT e-Content & 1 1 0
https://www.youtu
 synchronous motors be.com/watch?
v=1yZ_i1u7r8Y,
Sub Total=26 Hours(13+13) 10 3 13

Sl Module 3 Instructional Hours

pedagogy Detail
No Topic Theory Video Practical
19 Constructional Features of Squirrel Cage Rotor CRT e-content & 1 1 0
type and Slip Ring/Wound Rotor type of https://www.yout
Induction Motors ube.com/watch?
v=Mle-ZvYi8HA
20 Principle of Operation, Slip Speed CRT e-Content, 1 1 0
https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=DsVbaKZZOFQ
21 Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram CRT e-content 1 0 0

22 No-Load and Blocked Rotor tests CRT + e-Content 1 0 3

Practice &Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
23 Slip Torque Characteristics Losses and CRT+Prac e-Content 1 0 3
Efficiency. tice &Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
24 Starting of Squirrel Cage Rotor type and Slip CRT e-Content & 1 1 0
Ring/Wound Rotor type of Induction Motors https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?
v=km8MSWm39Z0
25 Speed Control of Induction Motors, Circle CRT+Prac e-Content & 1 0 3
Diagram, Effect of rotor resistance tice Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
26 Starting and speed control methods, Cogging, CRT e-Content & 1 0 2
Crawling and Electrical Braking of Induction Practice In
Motors Electrical
Machine Lab
27 Starting of Single Phase Induction Motors CRT+Prac e-content & 1 1 2
tice https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?
v=awrUxv7B-a8
28 Speed Control of Single Phase Induction CRT+Prac e-Content & 1 0 3
Motors, tice Practice In
Electrical
Machine Lab
29 The Circuit Model of a Single Phase Induction CRT e-Content & 1 1 0
Motor, Other types of Motors Reluctance https://www.youtu
Motors. be.com/watch?
v=GHfoDpp135w
Sub Total=32 Hours(16+16) 11 5 16