International Journal of Research
A FUZZY BASED STATCOM-CONTROL SCHEME FOR GRID
CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM FOR POWER
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
PANTAM SOUNDARYA SRI.M.SUNILKUMAR M.Tech
PG SCHOLAR Assistant professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
ELURU
ABSTRACT— Infusion of the breeze power into an
electric grid influences the power quality. The
presentation of the breeze turbine and along these
lines, power quality, are resolved based on
estimations and the standards pursued by the
guideline indicated in International Electro-
specialized Commission standard, IEC-61400. The
impact of the breeze turbine in the grid system
concerning the power quality estimations are-the
active power, reactive power,
variety of voltage, flicker, harmonics and electrical
conduct of switching operation and these are
estimated by national/worldwide guidelines. The
paper study shows the power quality issue because of
the establishment of a wind turbine with the gr, id. In
this proposed plan, Static Compensator
(STATCOM) associated at a point of standard
coupling with a battery energy storage system
(BESS) to decrease the power quality issues. The
battery energy storage is incorporated to support the
natural power source under fluctuating breeze power.
The STATCOM control plot for the grid associated
wind energy generation system for power quality
improvement is reenacted utilizing
MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system square set.
The viability of the proposed plan remembers the
fundamental supply source from the reactive power
request of the load and the enlistment generator.
The advancement of the grid co-appointment rule
and the procedure for improvement in power quality
standards according to IEC-standard on the network
has been exhibit.
I INTRODUCTION
TO have development and social advance it
is essential to meet the energy need by using the
sustainable power source assets like breeze, biomass,
hydro, co-generation, and so forth In a flexible
energy system, energy protection and the utilization
of inexhaustible source are the critical worldviews.
The need to incorporate the sustainable power source
like breeze energy into the power system is to make it
conceivable to limit the natural effect on
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ISSN NO:2236-6124
SRI.T.NAGARAJ,M.Tech
Assistant professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
ELURU ELURU
conventional plant [1]. The integration of wind
energy into an existing power system introduces
specialized difficulties, and that requires
consideration of voltage regulation, soundness, power
quality issues. The power quality is a primary client-
centered measure and is enormously influenced by
the operation of distribution and transmission
arrange. The point of power quality is critical to the
breeze turbine [2].
There has been a broad development and brisk
improvement in the misuse of wind energy lately.
The individual units can be of enormous limit up to 2
MW, nourishing into distribution arrange, especially
with clients associated in nearness [3]. Today, more
than 28000 breezes creating turbine are successfully
working everywhere throughout the world. In the
fixed-speed wind turbine operation, all the fluctuation
in the breeze speed is transmission as variances in the
mechanical torque, electrical power on the grid and
prompts massive voltage changes. During the typical
operation, the wind turbine creates a constant factor
output power. These power varieties are chiefly
brought about by the impact of choppiness, wind
shear, and tower-shadow and a control system in the
power system. Hence, the system needs to oversee
for such fluctuations. The power quality issues can
for the breeze generation, transmission and
distribution arrange, for example, voltage sag, swells,
flickers, harmonics, and so forth. Anyway, the breeze
generator brings unsettling influences into the
delivery organize. One of the primary methods of
running a creating breeze system is to utilize the
acceptance generator associated directly to the grid
system. The enlistment generator has natural points
of interest in cost adequacy and robustness. Be that as
it may; enlistment generators require reactive power
for polarization. At the point when the produced
active power of an acceptance generator is chang
because of wind, assimilated reactive power and the
terminal voltage of an enlistment generator can
altogether influence. A legitimate control conspires in
wind energy generation system is required under the
typical working condition to allow the appropriate
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control over the active power creation. In case of
expanding grid aggravation, a battery energy storage
system for wind energy, creating a network is
commonly required to reward the vacillation
produced by a wind turbine. A STATCOM based
control innovation has been proposing for improving
the power quality, which can, deals with the power
level partners with the business wind turbines. The
proposed STATCOM control plot for grid associated
wind energy generation for power quality
improvement has the following goals. • Unity power
factor at the source site.
• Reactive power bolsters just from STATCOM to
wind Generator and Load.
• Simple blast controller for STATCOM to
accomplish quick dynamic reaction. The paper is
modified out as follows. Section II presents the
power quality gauges, issues, and its s consequences
of the wind turbine. Part III offers the grid
coordination rule for grid quality points of
confinement. Section IV portrays the topology for
power quality improvement. The Sections V, VI, VII
depicts the control plot, system execution, and end
separately.
II. POWER QUALITY STANDARDS, ISSUES,
AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
A. International Electro-Technical Commission
Guidelines
The guidelines as given to the estimation of the
power quality of the wind turbine. The International
guidelines created by the working gathering of
Technical Committee-88 of the International Electro-
specialized Commission (IEC), IEC standard 61400-
21, portrays the technique for deciding the power
quality attributes of the breeze turbine [4]. The
standard standards indicated.
1) IEC 61400-21: Wind turbine creating system,
section 21. Estimation and Assessment of power
quality average for grid associated wind turbine
2) IEC 61400-13: Wind Turbine—estimating method
in deciding the power conduct.
3) IEC 61400-3-7: Assessment of discharge limit for
fluctuating load IEC 61400-12: Wind Turbine
execution. The information sheet with electrical
normal for wind turbine gives the base to the utility
appraisal in regards to a grid association.
B. Voltage Variation
The voltage variety issue results from the breeze
speed and generator torque. The voltage variety
directly identified with certain and reactive power
varieties. The voltage variety regularly named under:
• Voltage Sag/Voltage Dips.
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• Voltage Swells.
• Short Interruptions.
• Long duration voltage variety.
The voltage flicker issue portrays dynamic varieties
in the system brought about by wind turbine or by
shifting loads. Consequently, the power fluctuation
from wind turbine happens during continuous
operation. The plentifulness of voltage change relies
upon grid quality, organize impedance, and stage
point and power factor of the breeze turbines. It
characterized as a change of voltage and frequency
10–35 HZ.
C. Harmonics:
The harmonic results because of the operation of
power electronic converters. The harmonic voltage
and current to be constrained to the excellent level at
the purpose of wind turbine association with the
system. To guarantee the harmonious energy inside
cutoff, each wellspring of harmonic current can
permit just a restricted commitment, according to the
IEC-61400-36 guideline. The quick switching gives a
considerable decrease in lower request harmonic
current contrasted with the line commutated
converter, yet the output current will have high-
frequency current and can effectively sift through.
D. Wind Turbine Location in Power System.
The method for interfacing the breeze producing
system. Into the power system exceptional impacts
the power quality. Along these lines, the operation
and its effect on power system rely upon the structure
of the connecting power arrange.
E. Self Excitation of Wind Turbine Generating
System.
The self- excitation of wind turbine producing
system (WTGS) with an asynchronous generator
happens after detachment of wind turbine creating a
network (WTGS) with a nearby load. The danger of
self- excitation emerged when WTGS outfitted with a
remunerating capacitor. The capacitor associated
with acceptance generator gives reactive power
compensation. Anyway, the voltage and frequency
dictated by the adjusting of the system. The
hindrances of self- excitation are the wellbeing
perspective and harmony among excellent and
reactive power [5].
F. Consequences of the Issues
The voltage variety, flicker, harmonics causes the
malfunction of types of gear to be specific
microprocessor-based control system, programmable
logic controller. Portable speed drives, a flickering of
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light and screen. It might prompt stumbling of
contractual workers, stumbling of security devices,
stoppage of touchy types of gear like PC,
programmable logic control system and may stop the
procedure and even can harm of delicate supplies. In
this manner, it debases the power quality in the grid.
III. GRID COORDINATION RULE
The United States wind energy industry took a stand
in developing its grid code for contributing to stable
grid operation. The rules for realization of grid
operation of the wind generating system at the
distribution network are defined as-per IEC-61400-
21. The grid quality characteristics and limits a given
for references that the customer and the utility grid
may expect. According to the Energy-Economic
Law, the operator of the transmission grid is
responsible for the organization and operation of the
interconnected system [6].
1) Voltage Rise (u):
The voltage rise at the point of universal
coupling can approximate a function of
maximum apparent power Smax of the turbine,
the grid impedances R and X at the end of the
global coupling and the phase angle ∅ [7], given
in (1)
Where∆𝑢 —voltage rise Smax.-max Apparent power,
∅—phase difference, U is the nominal voltage of the
grid. The Limiting voltage rise value is <2%
2) Voltage Dips (d): The voltage dips are due to the
start-up of a wind turbine, and it causes a sudden
reduction of voltage. It is the relative%voltage
change due to the switching operation of a wind
turbine. The decrease in nominal voltage change is
given in (2)
Where is relative voltage change, Sn rated apparent
power, short circuit apparent power, Ku, and sudden
voltage reduction factor. The acceptable voltage dips
limiting value is < 3%.
3) Flicker: The measurement made for the maximum
number of the specified switching operation of wind
turbine with a 10-min period and 2-h period are
determined, as given in (3)
Where Plt —Long term flicker. C(ᴪ𝐾)—Flicker
coefficient calculated from the Rayleigh distribution
of the wind speed. The Limiting Value for flickers
coefficient is about < 0.4, for an average time of 2 h
[8].
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4) Harmonics:
The harmonic distortion is assessed for a variable
speed turbine with an electronic power converter at
the point of standard connection [9]. The total
harmonic voltage distortion of voltage given as in
(4):
WhereinVn is the nth harmonic voltage andV1 is the
fundamental frequency (50) Hz. The THD limit fo
r
13VK is <3 %. ITHD of current given as in (5)
Where In is the nth harmonic current and I1 is the
fundamental frequency (50) Hz. The THD of flow
and limit for 132 VK is <2.5%.
5) Grid Frequency: The grid frequency in India
specified in the range of 47.5–51.5 Hz, for wind farm
connection. The wind farm shall able to withstand a
change in rate up to 0.5 Hz/s [9].
IV. TOPOLOGY FOR POWER QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT:
The STATCOM based current control voltage source
current into the grid in such a way that the source
current are harmonic free and their phase-angle
concerning source voltage has the desired value. The
inject current will cancel out the reactive part and
harmonious part of the load and induction generator
current, thus it improves the power factor and the
power quality. To accomplish this goal, the grid
voltage is sense and are synchronized, generating the
current command for the inverter. The proposed grid-
connected system is implemented for power quality
improvement at the point of universal coupling
(PCC), as shown in Fig. 1
.
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Fig.1.Grid-connected system for power quality
improvement
The connected grid system in Fig. 1,
consists of a wind energy generation system and
battery energy storage system with STATCOM. A.
Wind Energy Generating System In this
configuration, wind generations based on constant
speed topologies with pitch control turbine. The
induction generator used in the proposed scheme
because of its simplicity; it does not require a
separate field circuit; it can accept constant and
variable loads, and has natural protection against
short circuit. The available power of the wind energy
system presented as under in (6).
Fig. 2. System operational scheme in a grid system
Where 𝜌(kg/m ) is the air density, and A (m2 ) is the
area swept out by turbine blade, Vwind is the wind
speed in Mr. It is not possible to extract all kinetic
energy of wind. Thus it obtains a fraction of power in
the wind, called power coefficient Cp of the wind
turbine, and is given in (7)
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Where Cp is the power coefficient depends on the
type and operating condition of a wind turbine. This
coefficient can be express as a function of tip speed
ratio and pitch angle. The mechanical power
produced by a wind turbine is given in (8).
Where R is the radius of the blade (m).
B. BESS-STATCOM
The battery energy storage system (BESS) used as
an energy storage element for voltage regulation. The
BESS will naturally maintain dc capacitor voltage
constant and is best suited in STATCOM since it
rapidly injects or absorbed reactive power to stabilize
the grid system. It also controls the distribution and
transmission system at a rapid rate. When power
fluctuation occurs in the order, the BESS can be used
to level the power fluctuation by charging and
discharging operation. The battery connected in
parallel to the dc capacitor of STATCOM [10]–[14].
The STATCOM is a three-phase voltage source
inverter having the capacitance on its DC link and
connected at the point of universal coupling. The
STATCOM injects a compensating current of
variable magnitude and frequency component at the
bus of universal coupling.
C. SYSTEM OPERATION
The connected STATCOM with battery energy
storage connected with the interface of the induction
generator and non-linear load at the PCC in the grid
system. The STATCOM compensator output is
varied according to the control strategy, to maintain
the power quality norms in the grid system. The
current control strategy included in the control
scheme that defines the functional operation of the
STATCOM compensator in the power system. A
single STATCOM using insulated gate bipolar
transistor is proposed to have reactive power support,
to the induction generator and the nonlinear load in
the grid system. The central block diagram of the
operational system scheme shown in Fig. 2.
III. CONTROL SCHEME
Fig. 3. Control system scheme.
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A.GRID SYNCHRONIZATION
In three-phase balance system, the RMS voltage
source amplitude is calculated at the sampling
frequency from the source phase voltage (Visa Vsb
Vsc) and is expressed as sample template Vsm,
sampled peak voltage, as in (9).
The in-phase unit vectors are obtained from the AC
source—phase voltage and the RMS value of unit
vector (USA, USB, etc.) as shown in (10)
The in-phase generated reference currents are derived
using in-phase unit voltage template as in (11)
Where is proportional to the magnitude of filtered
source voltage for respective phases. Ensures that the
source current is controlled to be sinusoidal. The unit
vectors implement the critical function in the grid
connection for the synchronization for STATCOM.
This method is simple, robust, and favorable as
compared with other methods [18].
B. BANG-BANG CURRENT CONTROLLER
Bang-Bang current controller implemented in the
current control scheme. The reference current
generated as in (10), and actual current is detected by
current sensors a subtracted for obtaining a present
error for a hysteresis based bang-bang controller.
Thus the ON/OFF switching signals for IGBT of
STATCOM are derived from hysteresis controller
[19]. The switching function SA for phase ‘a’
expressed as (12).
Where HB is a hysteresis current-band, similar to the
switching function SB, SC can derive for stages “b”
and “c.”
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VI FUZZY LOGIC
CONTROLLER
A fuzzy control system is a control system based on
fuzzy logic—a mathematical system that analyzes
analog input values in terms of logical variables that
take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in
contrast to classical or digital logic, which operates
on discrete benefits of either 1 or 0 (true or false,
respectively.
A control system is an arrangement of physical
components designed to alter another physical
network so that this system exhibits specific desired
characteristics. Following are some reasons for using
Fuzzy Logic in Control Systems − While applying
traditional control, one needs to know about the
model and the objective function formulate
in precise terms. These make it very difficult to use
in many cases. By using fuzzy logic for control, we
can utilize the human expertise and experience for
designing a controller. The fuzzy control rules,
basically the IF-THEN rules, can be best used in
creating a controller.
Fig.4. The Architecture of Fuzzy Logic Control
VII. SYSTEM - PERFORMANCE
The proposed control scheme is simulated using
SIMULINK in power system block set. The system
parameter for a given system is given Table I. The
system performance of the proposed method under
dynamic condition also presented.
TABLE I
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
A. Voltage Source Current Control—Inverter
Operation
The three-phase injected current into the grid from
STATCOM will cancel out the distortion caused by
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the nonlinear load and wind generator. The IGBT available real power from the source. The result of
based three-phase inverter connected to a .” through the source current, the load current is shown in Fig.
the transformer. The generation of switching signals 7(a) and (b), respectively.
from reference current simulated within a hysteresis
band of 0.08. The choice of narrow hysteresis band
changing in the system improves the current quality.
The control signal of changing frequency within its
operating group, as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7. (a) Source Current. (b) Load Current. (c)

Fig.5. Switching signal within a control hysteresis
band
The choice of the current band depends on the
operating voltage and the interfacing transformer
impedance.The compensated current for the
nonlinear load and demanded
Reactive power is provided by the inverter.
The Real power transfer from the batteries is also
supported by the controller of this inverter. The
three-phase inverter injected current shown in Fig.
6.
Inverter Injected Current. (d) Wind generator
(Induction generator) current
The result of injected current from STATCOM
shown in Fig. 7(c) and the generated flow from the
wind generator at PCC a depicted in Fig. 7(d). The
DC link voltage regulates the source current in the
grid system, so the DC link voltage is maintained
constant across the capacitor, as shown in Fig. 7(a).
The current through the dc-link capacitor is
indicating the charging and discharging operation,
as shown in Fig. 7(b)

Fig.8. (a) DC link voltage. (b) Current through

Capacitor
Fig. 6. Three-phase injected inverter Current. Fig. 9. STATCOM output voltage.
B. STATCOM- PERFORMANCE:
Under Load Variations, the wind energy generating
system connected with the grid having the nonlinear
load. The performance of the system is measured by
switching the STATCOM at time t=0.7s in the order
and how the STATCOM responds to the step-
change command for an increase in additional load
at 1.0s are shown in the simulation. When
STATCOM controller is made ON without a change
in any other load condition parameters, it starts to
mitigate reactive demand as well as harmonic
current. The dynamic performance also carried out Fig.9. Supply Voltage and Current at PCC
by step change in a load when applied at 1.0 s. This
additional demand fulfilled bySTATCOM
compensator. Thus STATCOM can regulate the

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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124

power quality issues and its consequence on the

buyer and electric utility are introducing. The
operation of the control system designed for the
STATCOM-BESS in MATLAB/SIMULINK for
keeping up the power quality Reached. It can
counteract the harmonic pieces of the load current. It
keeps up the source voltage and current in-stage and
bolsters the reactive power interest for the breeze
generator and load at PCC in the grid system,
subsequently, it offers a chance to improve the use
factor of a transmission line. The coordinated breeze
Fig.10.wind current generation and STATCOM with BESS have
demonstrated the extraordinary presentation. In this
way, the proposed plan in the grid associated system
satisfies the power quality standards according to the
IEC standard 61400-21.

C. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

It observed that the source current on the grid is
affected due to the effect of non-linear load and wind
generator. Thus purity of waveform may be a loss on
both sides in the system. The inverter output voltage
under STATCOM operation. With weight, the
variation shown in Fig. 9. The dynamic load does Fig. 11. (a) Source Current. (b) FFT of source
affect in the inverter output voltage. The source was current.
current with and without STATCOM operation Fig.
10. These indicate that the unity power factor is
maintained for the source power when the
STATCOM is in process. The current waveform
before and after the STATCOM operation is
analyzed. The Fourier analysis of this waveform
expressed, and the THD of this source current at PCC
without STATCOM 4.71%, as shown in Fig. 11. The
power quality improvement observed at the point of
universal coupling and when the controller is in ON
condition. The STATCOM placed in operation at 0.7
s, and the source current waveform shown in Fig. 12
with it FFT. It demonstrated that the THD has been
improving considerably and within the norms of the
standard. The above tests with the proposed scheme
have not only power quality improvement feature,
but it also has sustained the capability to support the
load with the energy storage through the batteries.

VII. CONCLUSION

The paper shows the STATCOM-based control plot

for power quality improvement in grid associated
wind creating system and with a non-linear load. The

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Fig. 12. (a) Source Current. (b) FFT of source current
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