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10 - Chapter 5 PDF
10 - Chapter 5 PDF
5.1 Introduction:
The development process is influenced by numerous factors such as physical,
background of the Koppal district with reference to the previously mentioned factors
to analyse finances of the Panchayats in the district. This chapter presents a brief
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Map-2: Koppal District Map
came into existence on 01-04-1998. It is situated between 150 17' to 160 10' North
latitude and 750 45’ to 760 45’ East longitude. It is known to be a backward district
among the northern part of the state and situated in the old Hyderabad Karnataka
region.
district, South by Bellary district and South-East by Bagalkot district. The Koppal
district headquarters is closest to the world heritage Hampi. It consists of four talukas
Kushtagi in the North, Raichur and Bellary districts in the East, Hospet taluk of
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Bellary district in the South, Koppal and Yelburga talukas in the West. As a part of
o o
Koppal district Gangavathi taluk lies within North latitude 15 09' 00" to 16 03' 30"
o o
and East longitude 75 47' 30" to 76 48' 10".
the North and Gadag district in the South. The taluk lies between North latitude
o o o o
15 .10’ to 16 .05’ and East longitude 75 .46’ to 76 .47’.
Gangas, Hoysalas and Chalukya Dynasties. The name of the district i.e., "Koppal" is
found in the poetic work of the great poet Kavirajamarga (During King Nrupathunga's
time of 814-878 A.D.) as “Viditha Maha Kopana Nagara.” During Ashoka's period,
the Jainism gained greater momentum in this region. Therefore, it was called
became popular. The present Gavi Math of Koppal has great attraction.
Dynasty. The old palace and fort still exist where annual festival called "Anegundi
Utsava" is being celebrated in a befitting manner every year. The other important
Before independence, Koppal was under the Nizam of Hyderabad. India got
independence on 15th August 1947, since Koppal was part of Hyderabad region, the
people of the region had to struggle further to attain independence from the clutches
independence from Nizam. Since then until 01-04-1998, Koppal district was in
consisting of four taluks viz. Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi and Yelburga came into
being.
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5.4 Salient Features of the District
agriculture and horticulture crops. Majority of Gangavathi taluk is having black soil.
The taluk is also having very few hills with xerophilous vegetation. The partly red
sandy soil and black soil of mixed geographical origin are found in the Yelburga
taluk.
the Bhadra, both of which rise at Gangamula in the Varaha Parvata of the Western
Ghats. This is also a perennial river, very deep in certain places and almost
unaffordable even in the dry season. This river enters the district near Kesalapur
village at the south-western tip of Koppal taluk. The general slope of the land in the
district being north-west to south-east, the Tungabhadra has a large number of rivulets
and streams serving as tributaries. However, none of these streams is of any great
importance by itself and they generally go dry during the summer. There is
The Koppal district comes under the north dry agro climatic zone. The climate
of the district is very hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle of the February to
end of May. South-west monsoon ranges from June to end of September. Post
monsoon is furing in the months of October and November. Cold season is from
December to middle of February. The normal rainfall of the district is 571.92 mm and
rainy days are 40. However, during 2008 actual average rainfall was 557.70 mm and
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Table-5.1: Distribution of Rainfall in Koppal District
(As on 31-03-2009)
o
The day temperature of Gangavathi taluk varies from 29 C in the winter to
o
42 C in the summer. The normal rainfall in the taluk has been 523.20 mm and normal
rainy days are 31 days. However, during 2008 the actual rainfall has been less than
the normal rainfall i.e., 453.70 mm. As for Yelburga taluk, the temperature is
o o o o
minimum 26 C to 28 C during November and December; maximum 42 C to 44 C
during April and May. The normal rainfall has been 593.20 mm.
1196089. The table-5.2 provides taluk-wise area and population of the district
this, male population is 603312 (50.45 per cent) and female population is 592777
(49.55 per cent). Among the all talukas, highest population is in Gangavathi taluk i.e.,
406334 (33.97 per cent), next comes Koppal taluk i.e., 314051 (26.26 per cent). The
The population of the district has been predominantly scattered over the rural
belt. Though the villages have been densely populated, the district as a whole has
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been populated sparsely. The vast majority of the people of the district hail from the
rural sector. The rural and the traditional character of the population has been the
hallmark of the whole district. Out of the total population, 997797 (83.42%) from
rural area and 198292 (16.58%) from urban area. Highest and lowest rural population
Urban
(%)
Taluk
Rural
Total
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Gangavathi
The density of population in the Koppal district is 216 per sq. km., which is
lower than the state average of 276 per sq. km. The sex ratio of the Koppal district is
982, which is higher than state average of 965. Among the all talukas of the district,
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Gangavathi taluk has a highest sex ratio i.e., 988 and Koppal taluk has a lowest sex
Literacy rate is an index of the development of education. The literacy rate and
studying in various courses and associated indicators. Koppal district comes under the
list of backward districts and also has the lowest literacy level. The literacy rate of the
district as per 1991 census was 35.96%. However, this was far below the literacy rate
of the whole state of Karnataka that was 56.04%. With this poor background,
relentless efforts were made to introspect for the low literacy rate and ever since then
towards the up-liftment in the field of education. One such programme was the
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), which was successfully launched and
was pursued to the benefit of the children. Since the inception of the DPEP in 1994-
1995 in the district, the rate of literacy is showing upward trend and is yielding
positive results. The literacy rate of the district as per 2001 census is 54.10%. Once
again one has to bear in mind that the overall literacy rate of the state is remarkably
higher i.e., 66.60%. Out of total literacy rate of the district, male literacy rate consists
68.40% and female literacy rate consists 39.60%, which are comparatively less than
the state literary rate i.e., 76.10% and 56.90% respectively. Male literary rate is higher
47.07% of the total population. The main worker population comprises of 35.65% of
the total population and 11.42% is the marginal workers. The non-working population
of the district is 52.93%. The highest and lowest working population is found in
Yelburga and Gangavathi talukas respectively. These revelations are presented in the
table-5.3.
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Table-5.3
Percentage of Working Population to Total Population in Koppal District
(According to 2001 Census)
Working
Sl. Main Marginal Total
Taluk Population Non-Workers
No Workers Workers (5+6)
(3+4)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Gangavathi 33.00 10.10 43.10 56.90 100
The following table-5.4 provides the occupational structure in the district according to
2001 census.
Out of the total working population, 31.50% and 42.05% are cultivators and
that cultivators and agricultural labourers dominate the total working population.
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5.4 (vii) Land Utilisation Pattern:
It shows the area of hectares of land used for different purposes. The land
utilisation pattern of the Koppal district can realise by the following table-5.5.
Geographical
Barren Land
Agricultural
Waste Land
Permanent
Area Sown
Cultivable
Current
Trees &
Pasture
Groves
Fallow
Sl. No.
Forest
Taluk
Land
Non-
Area
2 Koppal 136755 10779 20401 6790 430 1486 210 8970 87689
5 District Total 552495 29451 38870 16627 2568 14675 210 91128 358966
The total geographical area of Koppal district is 552495 hectares. Land not
available for cultivation is 193529 hectares i.e., 35.03 per cent. Area sown is 358966
prominent sector in the overall development of the district. Agriculture in the district
Koppal, Kushtagi and Yelburga taluk is dependent mainly on rainfall, tanks, wells etc.
sown area due to availability of irrigation facilities. During Kharif season major crops
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like Paddy, Jowar, and Maize are grown. During Rabi season major crops are Paddy
and Jowar. In summer season crops like Groundnut, Sunflower and Vegetables are
In Yelburga taluk during Kharif season major crops like Wheat, Jowar, Maize,
Paddy, Pulses are grown. During Rabi season Jowar, Bajra, Sunflower, Groundnut
and Cotton are grown. In summer season crops like Groundnut, Sunflower and
Vegetables are grown with the help of irrigation. Cotton is the cash crop grown in the
taluk. Agriculture in Yelburga taluk is mainly dependent on rainfall, wells etc. Low
level of ground water and alkaline are the major obstacle for the agriculture in the
taluk. There is restriction for new bore wells and the entire taluk is declared as “Grey
much suitable for growing the horticulture crops. Nowadays horticulture plays
prominent role in the local occupation of the district. The data available during the
2003-04 the district is having an area of about 14329 hectare with production of 2.3
Gangavathi taluk falls under north dry zone with black soil is favourable for
growing horticultural crops like Mango, Pomegranate, Banana, Sapota, Grapes etc.
There is wide scope for growing horticulture produce unless marketing conditions and
cold storage facilities have to be improved. The horticultural crops like Mango,
Gourd varieties are grown in the taluk. Fruits are grown in an area of 622 hectares and
As for Yelburga taluk, the farmers are not coming forward to increase
(774 hectares during 2003-04) the area under horticultural crops due to the absence of
suitable marketing and cold storage facilities. The horticultural crops like
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Pomegranate, Lemon and Grapes are grown in the taluk. Fruits are grown in an area
of 362 hectares and Vegetables are grown in an area of 412 hectares during the
2003-04.
The farmers of the district are very much interested in adopting hi-tech
under controlled conditions, keeping export point in mind. In addition, the farmers are
adopting hi-tech water management facilities specially, drip irrigation and sprinkler
irrigation. The district is having an area of 435 hectares under oil palm crop
mountains. There is no wild life in the district. The major types of species found in the
forest are Neem, Tamarind, Eucalyptus, Honge, Acacia arculiforms, Casium species
etc. The Gangavathi taluk possesses forest area of 14482 hectares which is about
10.96% of the total geographical area; the Yelburga taluk possesses forest only area of
80 hectares which is very meager about 0.05% of the total geographical area (see
table-5.5).
the district is located in the semi arid zone, irrigation plays crucial role. The water
resources available in the district are in forms of tanks, wells, bore wells, canals
46371 hectares of area is irrigated by canals and 14826 hectares of area is irrigated by
bore wells. As for Yelburga taluk, a total of 17762 hectares of area is irrigated,
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Table-5.6
Source-Wise Net Irrigated Area of Koppal District in Hectares
(As on 31-03-2009)
Sl. Bore Lift Other
Taluk Canals Tanks Wells Total
No. Wells Irrigation Sources
considered to be a prosperous district. Iron ores are found in old mines in Kushtagi
taluk, but the Iron available here contains only 20% - 40% of Iron. The Quartz quarry
‘Ferro-Silicon’. Quartz is also found near Alla nagar in Koppal taluk. Quartz is
available in plenty that is mainly used in the manufacture of glass. Franchsite and
Quartzite of very good quality, which is used for Mosaic tiles, is available in
Bailakampur in Gangavathi taluk. Red Granite is found near Huligere and Purtagere
Yelburga taluk. Madinoor in Koppal taluk and Koodlur in Kushtagi are known for
district. Recently many measures have been taken to encourage the small
employment to the people of the district. The table-5.7 reveals the number of
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Table-5.7
No. of Industrial Units in Koppal District
(As on 31-03-2008)
Sl. Small Scale Medium Scale Large Scale
Taluk
No. Industries Industries Industries
1 Gangavathi 79 03 00
2 Koppal 72 11 02
3 Kushtagi 36 01 00
4 Yelburga 38 00 00
In Koppal district, there are 225 small scale, 15 medium scale and 02 large
scale industries. As per the statistics available for 2007-08, small scale industries
dominate in the industrial structure of the district. There is lack of medium and large
district. As many as 145 Rice mills are situated in the Gangavathi taluk.
from 5.8 to 5.13 give a bird’s-eye view of infrastructural facilities available in the district as
on 31-03-2009.
5.8. Gangavathi and Kushtagi talukas does not possess any railway line either broad
Gangavathi taluk is having 196 kms of state highway, 155 kms of major district roads
and 656 kms of village roads and 815 kms of other roads – a total length of 1822 kms.
The length of railway route is 18 kms in Yelburga taluk. The taluk does not
have good road facilities. Total length of roads in the taluk is 1864 kms of which 41
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kms national highway, 179 kms state highway, 140 kms major district roads, 737 kms
The airstrip facility is located at Ginigera in Koppal taluk between Koppal and
Munirabad. This airstrip is being used and managed at present by M/s MSPL. The
following table-5.9.
1 Gangavathi 11 51 1 21 11475
2 Koppal 11 45 1 23 9095
3 Kushtagi 6 52 0 8 3765
4 Yelburga 3 40 0 10 3512
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In Gangavathi taluk, there are 62 post offices, 01 telegraphic office, 21
telephone exchange offices and 11475 telephones in use. The mobile network is also
available in the major portion of the taluk. Overall communication facility in the taluk
is good.
In Yelburga taluk, there are 43 post offices, 10 telephone exchange offices and
3512 telephones in use. The mobile network is also available in the major portion of
Table-5.10
No. of Educational Institutions in Koppal District
(As on 31-03-2009)
(including Allopathic &
No’s of Pre- University
Polytechnic Colleges
Medical Colleges
Indian System of
No’s of Primary
Degree Colleges
No’s of General
No’s of High
Engineering
Medicines)
Libraries
Colleges
Colleges
Colleges
Schools
Schools
Dental
Sl. No.
Taluk
1 Gangavathi 450 73 16 5 0 0 0 0 39
2 Koppal 304 55 17 6 1 1 0 0 36
3 Kushtagi 245 40 10 1 0 1 0 0 28
4 Yelburga 213 49 15 2 0 1 0 0 37
District
5 1212 217 58 14 1 3 0 0 140
Total
Source: Koppal District at a Glance, 2008-09.
In Gangavathi taluk, there are 450 primary schools, 73 high schools, 05 degree
colleges. With respect to Yelburga taluk, there are 213 primary schools, 49 high
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Kukanoor of Yelburga taluk. As for education specialties, Gangavathi taluk is better
Table-5.11
No. of Health Institutions in Koppal District
(As on 31-03-2009)
Community Health
Welfare
Family
Health Centers
Indian System
of Medicine
Health Units
Dispensaries
Allopathic
Hospitals
Hospitals
Hospitals
Primary
Primary
Centers
Private
Sl. No.
Taluk
Centers
Centers
Sub-
1 Gangavathi 1 10 38 10 0 3 9 10 53
2 Koppal 1 4 12 11 0 1 2 11 44
3 Kustagi 1 2 3 8 0 1 2 8 37
4 Yelburga 1 2 3 11 0 3 3 11 40
There are 4 government allopathic hospitals in the district with a total of 210
beds capacity, 56 private hospitals, 40 primary health centers with a total of 240 beds
capacity, 8 community health centers with a total of 240 beds capacity, 40 family
trader of the agriculture produce in the district. The table-5.12 presents a brief profile
Gangavathi APMC crosses Rs. 889.34 crores. This APMC is the second largest in the
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state. The quantum of trade in Koppal APMC crosses Rs. 69.08 crores. The quantum
of trade in Kushtagi APMC crosses Rs. 27.67 crores. The quantum of trade in
2 Koppal 1 3 4 69.08
3 Kushtagi 1 2 3 27.67
4 Yelburga 1 4 5 8.68
considered as the life-blood among the inputs of production activities. The financial
institutions that are banks supply the credit. Hence, growth of banking facilities plays
an important role in providing credit to the needy persons. The following table-5.13
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The 49 branches of different commercial banks, 42 grameena banks, and 554
various types of co-operative banks spread across the district. The aggregate
outstanding deposits amounted to Rs. 113936 lakhs; while the aggregate outstanding
loans stood at Rs. 120936 lakhs. As for the banking sector the district is very under
banks. A very high accelerated growth of the banking sector is required if this district
banks in the Gangavathi taluk. As on 31-03-2009, Rs. 40155 lakhs was the amount of
total deposits and Rs. 68870 lakhs was the total credit.
banks in the Yelburga taluk. Total amount deposited was Rs. 12355 lakhs and a total
Kinnal, an interior village about eight miles from Koppal railway station. There are
about twenty families of the 'Chitragar' community engaged in this cottage industry.
Certain varieties of softwood known as Pallaki Katgi and Yelgatti are using to
produce these articles. The articles produced are of exquisite quality and finish. The
entire work, which is done with modest tools, requires a high degree of artisanship.
Bhagyanagar, a village near to Koppal city. The embroidered pieces, done in line-
stitch and cross-stitch, depict traditional motifs of parrot, peacock, temple, various
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flowers and animals. Artistic choli-khana fabrics, embroidered sarees and garments of
established reputation are producing there. The attractive and native motifs of
degree of artisanship.
Panchayat and Grama Panchayat are working in co-ordination with each other.
Table-5.14
Administrative Structure of Koppal District
(As on 31-03-2009)
Agglomeration
Towns / Urban
Un-Inhabited
Panchayats
Panchayats
Members
Inhabited
Members
Members
Revenue
Villages
Villages
Villages
Hoblies
Grama
Sl. No.
Taluk
Town
GP
TP
ZP
The Zilla Panchayat forms the apex institution at the district level headed by
the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Each of the four talukas in the Koppal district has
the Taluk Panchayat, where again the members are directly elected from the people,
and which has a similar administrative structure headed by the Executive Officer
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(EO). At the lowest level, there are the Grama Panchayats which are having
jurisdiction over a group of villages so notified. Taluk Panchayats are the intermediate
tier of the panchayat raj institutions at the taluk level. Since 1999, certain specified
development schemes earlier executed by the Zilla Panchayat have been transferred
and delegated to the Taluk Panchayats for implementation. Grama Panchayats are the
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REFERENCES
Census of India 2001, District Population Booklet, Koppal, Series 30, Directorate of
Census Operations, Karnataka, 2005.
http://des.kar.nic.in
http://karnatakaindustry.gov.in/Koppal
http://www.koppal.nic.in
www.mapsofindia.com
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