DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO drug
CHAPTER I education and vice control

A. TERMS TO PONDER

Administer
 The act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person with or without his/her
knowledge.
Addict
 A person who habitually uses dangerous drugs.
Chemical
 Refers to any substance taken into the body that alters the way the mind and the body work.
Drugs
 Are synthetic chemical used as medicine or in making medicines, which affects the body and mind and
have potential for abuse. In its criminological meaning, refers to substances, other than food and
water that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling
recipient’s physical, mental and emotional state. (Manwong, RK. 2007)
 Broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a
biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism.
Dose
 Amount of drugs taken at one time.
 Refers to the quantity in the fields of nutrition, medicine, and toxicology.
 Dosage is a synonym for the term dose
Drug abuse
 It is the illegal, wrongful of improper use of any drug.
 Compulsive, excessive, and self-damaging use of habit forming drugs or substances, leading to
addiction or dependence, serious physiological injury (such as damage to kidneys, liver, heart) and/or
psychological harm (such as dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory loss), or death.
Also called substance abuse.
Drug addiction
 Refers to state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by repeated consumption of a drug.
 A complex disease, integrating belief systems, psychological factors, physical and genetic components,
and personal history.
Drug Dependence
 Refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or both on dangerous drugs following the
administration or use of that drug. The periodic, continuous, repeated administration of a drug.
 As based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high
priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take the
substance and the difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.
Drug Syndicate
 It is a network of illegal drugs operations operated and manned carefully by group of criminals who
knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for personal or group profit.
Detoxification
 The elimination of alcoholic substances from the body, treatment of the withdrawal symptoms and on
medical regimen for physical rehabilitation. Can be handled by hospitals and clinic, where drugs such
as Chlordiazepoxide have largely revolutionalized the treatment withdrawal symptoms.
Entheogen

Ss2K 1
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Word which is often used to describe the religious and ritual use of psychedelic drugs in
anthropological studies, is associated with the idea that it could be relevant to religion
 Derived from the Greek word “entheos”, which means "god within".
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
 Medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional.
Pharmacology
 Based on etymology, it was derived from the Greek word “pharmakon” which means “drug” and term
logia which means “study of” “knowledge of”.
 The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
Manufacture
 The Production, preparation, compounding or processing a dangerous drug either directly or indirectly
or by extraction from substances of natural origin or by chemical synthesis.
Narcotic Drug
 Refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs which are either prohibited or regulated drugs. It
also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the
CNS.
 Derives from Greek word “Narcotikos” it is sometimes known as opiates.
Pharmacodynamics
 The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or
parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug
concentration and effect.
Pharmacognosy
 The study of medicines derived from natural sources.
 The "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug
substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs
from natural sources.(American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy)
 It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.
Pharmacokinetics
 Sometimes abbreviated as PK, (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "to do with
motion";
 A branch of pharmacology dedicated to the determination of the fate of substances administered
externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones,
nutrients, and toxins.
Pharmaceutical drug
 The word pharmaceutical comes from the Greek word Pharmakeia. The modern transliteration of
Pharmakeia is Pharmacia.
 Also referred to as a medicine or medication, can be loosely defined as any chemical substance - or
product comprising such - intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of
disease.
Physical Dependence
 An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of intense physical
symptoms when drug is stopped.
Psychological Dependence
 An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality
needs of an individual.
Prescription drug
 Also prescription medication or prescription medicine.
 A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a medical prescription before it can be
obtained.

Ss2K 2
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

Pusher
 Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute, transport any dangerous
drug.
Rehabilitation
 It is dynamic process directed towards the changes of the health of the person to prepare him from
his fullest life potential and capabilities, and making him law abiding and productive member of the
community without abusing drugs.
"Rx"
 A short form for prescription drug in North America. It is an abbreviation for the Latin "recipe", an
imperative form of "recipere", meaning "take".
Substance abuse
 Also known as drug abuse,
 A patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with
methods neither approved nor advised by medical professionals. Substance abuse/drug abuse is not
limited to mood-altering or psycho-active drugs.
Self-Medication Syndrome
 A syndrome wherein users of drugs whose sources of information are people or literature other than
Doctors, Pharmacists, and health Workers.
Tolerance
 It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect on the body
Toxicology
 Derived from the Greek words “toxicos” means "poisonous" and logos)
 A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of
chemicals on living organisms.
 It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the
poisoning of people.
Treatment
 A medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of his total condition related to
drug abuse. It deals with the physiological and psychosocial complications arising from drug abuse.
Use
 The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The means of introducing the drug into the
physiological system of the body.
User
 One who injects, intravenously or intramuscularly or consumes, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing,
eating, swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into physiological system of the body any of the
dangerous drugs.

B. DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

JARGONS/SLANG TERM MEANING
1. A bag  A pocket of drug
2. A Fix  One injection of opiate
3. A hit  Slang for injection of drugs
4. Acid  Slang term for LSD (lysergic acid
diethylamide)
5. Acid Head  LSD User
6. Coke  Street slang term for cocaine
7. Cold Turkey  Withdrawal effects of Opiate use
8. Downer  Street slang term for depressants
9. Drop  Taking drug orally
10. Flashback  Drug use after stoppage

Ss2K 3
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

11. Head  Drug User

12. High  Under influence of drugs
13. Joint  An MJ Cigar
14. Juni  Heroin
15. Junkie  An opiate addict
16. Mainline/to shoot  Injecting drug into the vein
17. On-the-Nod/Nodding  Suspended sleep
18. Opiate  Narcotic
19. Overdose  Death occurred due to drug use
20. Roach  Butt end of a joint
21. Rush  The beginning of a high
22. Skin popping  To inject a drug under the skin
23. Speed  Amphetamines
24. Speed Freaks  Amphetamine addicts
25. Stoned  Intoxicating effect of drug
26. Track  Scars on the skin due to injection
27. Trip  Reaction that is caused by drugs
28. Uppers  Street slang for Amphetamines
29. Work  Apparatus for injecting a drug

C. DOSAGE OF DRUGS

Ss2K

 Q- It the amount needed to treat or heal, that

is the nominal amount of a drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect.
A. Toxic dose Produces untoward effects

B. Lethal dose Amount that can cause death

C. Abusive Dose Improper used of drugs
D. Minimal Dose
E. Maximal Dose Largest amount- produce
therapeutic affect

Ss2K 33

D. COMMON METHODS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

1. Oral
 Drug is taken though mouth.
 One of the safest and most comfortable, but of little bioavailability.
 The safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible.
2. Injection
 Offers a faster response than oral method.
 The most efficient, but also one of the most dangerous.
 It makes use of needle or other device to deliver the drugs directly into the body tissue and
blood circulation.

Ss2K 4
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Subcutaneous (under the skin).

 Intravenous (into a vein).
 intramuscular (into a muscle)
 intracardiac (into the heart)
 intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow)
 intrathecal (into the spinal canal)
 intraperitoneal, (infusion or injection into the peritoneum)
 Intravesical infusion is into the urinary bladder.
 intravitreal, through the eye
 Intracavernous injection, an injection into the base of the penis
 Intravaginal administration, in the vagina
 Intrauterine
3. Inhalation
 This route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly
through the mucous of the respiratory tract.
 Nasal administration (through the nose).
4. Epicutaneous or Topical
 This refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and the mucous
membrane.
 eye drops (onto the conjunctiva)
 ear drops - such as antibiotics and corticosteroids
 by mouth (orally), many drugs as tablets, capsules, or drops
 by gastric feeding tube, duodenal feeding tube, or gastrostomy, many drugs and
enteral nutrition
 rectally, various drugs in suppository

5. Iontophoresis
 Also called electromotive drug administration (EMDA),
 A technique using a small electric charge to deliver a medicine or other chemical through the
skin; essentially it is an injection without a needle.

E. DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF DRUGS

1. Overdose
 An over extension effect of drug after too much drug is taken into the Physiological system of
the human body.
2. Allergy
 Some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis,
swelling, fall of BP, suffocating and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy
4.
 Refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food. Etc… for unexplained reason.
5. Poisonous Property
 Drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being general protoplasmic
poisons.
6. Side Effects
 Some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well. The effect in
the other organs may constitute a side effect, which are most of the time unwanted.

Ss2K 5
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

F. MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS

1. Analgesics
 Drugs that relieve pain but produce opposite effects on somebody who suffers from peptic
ulcer or gastric ulcer.
2. Antibiotics
 Drugs that combat or control infectious organisms. Ingesting the same for long time can result
in allergic reactions and cause resistance to the drug.
3. Antipyretics
 Drugs that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.
4. Antihistamines
 Control or combat allergic reactions. It can cause drowsiness to the user.
5. Contraceptives
 Drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from
releasing egg cells.
6. Decongestants
 Drugs that relieves congestion of the nasal passages.
7. Expectorants
 Drugs that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the throat.
8. Laxatives
 Drugs that stimulate defection and encourage bowel movement.
9. Sedatives and Tranquilizers
 Drugs that cal calm and quite the nerves and relieve anxiety without causing depression and
clouding of mind.
10. Vitamins
 Substances which are necessary for normal growth and development and proper functioning
of the body.
 It is treated as drug if the body does not manufacture them.

G. DRUG AS USED IN IMPOSING DEATH PENALTY

1. Primary- Sodium thiopental (sodium pentothal)
Induce unconsciousness
Lethal dose – 2-5mg
Effect – 10 seconds
2. Secondary - Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon)
To cause muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest
100mg
3. Tertiary - Potassium chloride
To stop the heart functions
Lethal dose- 100meq

UNDER THE NEW PROTOCOL

1. Primary – Sodium thiopental
5mg- intravenous
2. Secondary – Midazolam -100mg intramuscular & hydromorphone – 40mg - intramascular

Ss2K 6
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

H. DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

LEGAL CLASSIFICATION
1. LEGAL/REGULATED DRUGS
 Laws and regulations control the availability, quality and price of the "legal" drugs. For example,
tobacco may not be sold to persons under the age of 18.
2. ILLEGAL/ PROHIBITED DRUGS
3. VOLATILE SUBSTANCES (PD.1619)
 The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes
which when sniffed, smelled , inhaled or introduced into the physiological system of the body
produces or induces a condition of intoxication, excitement or dulling of the brain system.
 Volatile substances are also commonly known as solvents or inhalants. They include butane gas,
aerosol sprays, petrol, glue, correction fluids, and paint thinners.

THREE TYPES OF DRUGS BASED ON EFFECT TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Depressants
 Also known as "downers", are any drug that reduces the functioning of the central nervous system or
any other part of the body.
 In small quantities it can cause the user to feel more relaxed and less inhibited.
 In larger quantities they can cause unconsciousness, vomiting and even death. Depressants affect
concentration and coordination. They slow down a person's ability to respond to unexpected
situations.
 They include:
a. Narcotics
 Drugs which relieve pain and produce profound sleep and stupor when introduced to
the body.
 Medically they are potent pain killers, cough depressants and as an active component
of anti-diarrhea preparations.
b. Opium
c. Morphine
 The First derivative of opium. Frist
 Addiction to it is known as “soldier’s disease”.
d. Heroin
 Called as the “miracle drug”. Was named after the word hero.
e. Codeine
f. Paregoric
g. Demerol and Methadone
h. Barbiturates
 Manufactured synthetically as salts of barbituric acid.
 Slang terms:
 Pentobarbital- “Yellow jackets”
 Secobarbital – “Red Devils”
 Amobarbital – “Blue devils”/Blue birds”
 Amosbarbital – “Rainbow/double trouble”
i. Seconal
j. Tranquilizers
k. Volatile Solvents
l. Alcohol ("booze", "grog")
 The #1 abused substance. Nearly a quarter of the population participates in binge drinking
(58.6 million), and 6.7% of the population reported heavy drinking (16.9 million). As a

Ss2K 7
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

depressant, alcohol produces impaired coordination and judgment, slurred speech, and
blackouts.
 The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.
m. Cannabis ("pot", "dope", "mull")
 The 3rd most popular recreational drug in America and the #1 most abused illicit drug.
 The dried parts of the Cannabis plant can cause distorted perceptions, impaired
coordination and problems with learning and memory.
 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active ingredient in marijuana responsible for its “high”
feelings.

2. Stimulants
 Stimulants act on the central nervous system to speed up the messages to and from the brain. They
can make the user feel more awake, alert or confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body
temperature and blood pressure. Other effects include reduced appetite, dilated pupils, talkativeness,
agitation and sleep disturbance.
 Large quantities of stimulants can "over-stimulate" the user, causing anxiety, panic, seizures,
headaches, stomach cramps, aggression and paranoia. Prolonged use of strong stimulants can mask
some of the effects of depressant drugs, such as alcohol, making it difficult for a person to judge their
effects.
 Mild stimulants include:
1. Ephedrine used in medicines for bronchitis, hay fever and asthma
2. Caffeine
 Present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some wake-up pills.
3. Nicotine
 An active component in tobacco which acts as powerful stimulant of the CNS. A drop
of pure nicotine can easily kill a person.
 Stronger stimulants include:
1. Amphetamines, including illegal amphetamines ("speed", "crystal meth", "ice", "shabu")
 Includes shabu chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride.
2. Cocaine ("coke", "crack")
 Taken from coca bush plant grows in South Africa known as “Erythroxilon Coca”.
3. Ecstasy ("E", "XTC", "eccy")
4. Slimming tablets such as Duromine, Tenuate Dospan and Ponderax.
3. Hallucinogens
 Can cause subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness.
 In general, unlike the effects produced by opiates or stimulants, which are used for purely recreational
reasons, the psychedelic experience is commonly associated with altered states of being or
consciousness, with trance-like states, and with dreaming and meditation.
 Hallucinogens affect perception. People who have taken them may believe they see or hear things that
aren't really there, or what they see may be distorted in some way. The effects of hallucinogens vary a
great deal, so it is impossible to predict how they will affect a particular person at a particular time.
 Some effects of hallucinogens include dilation of pupils, loss of appetite, increased activity, talking or
laughing, emotional and psychological euphoria and wellbeing, jaw clenching, sweating, panic,
paranoia, loss of contact with reality, irrational or bizarre behaviour, stomach cramps and nausea.
 Hallucinogens include:
 Datura
 Ketamine ("K", "Special K")
 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide; "trips", "acid", "microdots")
 Magic mushrooms (psilocybin; "gold tops", "mushies")
 Mescaline (peyote cactus)
 PCP ('angel dust')

Ss2K 8
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 The three classes of Hallucinogens can be broken down as follows:

a. Dissociatives 
 This class of drugs includes PCP, Ketamine, and DMX (or Dextromethorphan). In addition to
their Hallucinogenic qualities, these drugs also have analgesic, or pain-killing, properties.
b. Deliriants 
 This class of drugs is often regarded as true Hallucinogens, because their properties are
derived from plants as opposed to being synthesized in a laboratory. Deliriants include
Nightshade, Mandrake, Henbane, and what is known as Datura. The effects produced by
Deliriants include actual hallucinations (as opposed to experiences where one’s sense of
time or self is distorted), during which a person may be unable to recognize their own
features in a mirror, or engage in discussions with people that are not present. They are
referred to as Deliriants because their symptoms closely resemble the experiences one has
while suffering a delirious fever. Often they generate periods of complete blackout, during
which the person under the influence will have no recollection of what they did or said
while under the influence.
c. Psychedelics
 Derived from the Greek words (psyche, means "mind") and (delein, means "to manifest"),
hence "mind-manifesting"
 Was coined by Humphrey Osmond and has the rather mysterious but at least somewhat
value-neutral meaning of "mind manifesting".
 Included in this classification of drugs is LSD and Psilocybin. The effects of Psilocybin and
LSD are frequently compared to self-induced psychosis. Effects and symptoms include
impairment of one’s ability to recognize aspects of reality, to think coherently and in a
linear fashion, impairment of one’s ability to communicate, and an inability to organize the
constituent parts of their personality; the result of this is a fragmented sense of identity
which can linger well after the effects of the drug have worn off.

I. MOST COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE PERSON

1. Alcohol
 Generates short term euphoria and sedation. Perhaps the most widely abused substance available.
Prolonged Abuse induces severe physical handicaps, liver damage, and, eventually, mental health
deterioration. Signs of alcohol abuse include:
 Slurred speech.
 Impaired motor functioning.
 Impaired judgment.
 Staggering behaviors.
2. Amphetamines
 Operate on the mesolimbic pathways by stimulating production of the neurotransmitters Dopamine
and Norepinephrine. Amphetamines are one of the most widely abused drugs available today. Abuse is
not determined by gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic background. The most common side-effects
include:
 Changes in one’s sex drive or libido.
 Euphoria.
 Increased energy.
 Dry or cotton mouth.
 Increased heart-rate or pulse.
 Insomnia.
 Decreased appetite and weight-loss.
3. Barbiturates

Ss2K 9
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Barbiturates are a class of drugs known as hypnotic sedatives. They work by depressing the central
nervous system and slowing down bodily functions such as heart-rate, blood pressure, and breathing.
Barbiturates generate a variety of effects that run the gamut from minor sedation to complete
anesthesia.  There exist several different kinds of Barbiturates, including short-acting, long-acting, and
fast-starting. In the past they have been prescribed to treat conditions such as Anxiety Disorder or
Insomnia, and are sometimes used as analgesics, or pain medications. Side effects include:
 Poor judgment.
 Staggering.
 Altered level of consciousness.
 Drowsiness.
 Unresponsiveness.
 Coma.
 Compromised coordination.
 Shallow breathing.
 Difficulty expressing thoughts or thinking coherently, slow or slurred speech, sluggishness.
4. Benzodiazepines
 A class of drugs known as hypnotic sedatives or minor tranquilizers. They work by depressing the
central nervous system and slowing down bodily functions such as heart-rate, blood pressure, and
breathing. Neurologically they act on what are called GABA receptors in the brain, which is an area of
neuro-functioning associated with the pleasure center. There are a number of different
Benzodiazepines available today: Alprazolam – Xanax, Chlordiazepoxide – Librium, Clonazepam –
Klonopin, diazepam – Valium, Lorazepam – Ativan, Triazolam – Halcyon. Symptoms of Benzodiazepine
Abuse include:
 Vertigo.
 Tremors.
 Repertory depression.
 Constipation.
 Drowsiness.
 Compromised coordination.
 Shallow breathing.
 Difficulty expressing thoughts or thinking coherently.

5. Club Drugs
 Refers to a variety of compounds that tends to be abused by adolescents, teen-agers, and young
adults. These drugs span a fairly broad spectrum of substances that include both Stimulants and
Depressants. Over the past decade they have become popular with people who go to raves, bars,
concerts, and nightclubs. Because many of the drugs (although not all) are relatively new to the
market, research regarding long-term effects are incomplete. Current data and statistics, however,
indicate that this class of substances is most frequently abused by those within a specific youth
culture, and as such poses certain clinical considerations with regards to treatment protocols that
might be different from therapeutic approaches targeting an adult population of abusers.
 The following is a list of drugs that are considered to be Club Drugs. The list includes:
 MDMA (ecstasy)
 GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyric Acid)
 Rohypnol (Roofies)
 Ketamine Hydrochloride (Special K)
 Methamphetamine
 LSD
6. Cocaine
 A highly addictive, highly powerful stimulant that is derived from the Coco plant and typically comes in
a powdered form. The powder can be snorted, injected, or cooked down into a compound that can be

Ss2K 10
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

smoked called free-base or crack. With the exception of Methamphetamine, Cocaine is presently the
single most abused stimulant in the country and is frequently used with depressants such as alcohol,
Benzodiazepines and Heroin. In the 1970s the drug enjoyed a renaissance in popularity and was touted
by experts as being non-addictive because it doesn’t have the physical symptoms of withdrawal one
sees with Heroin or liquor or sedatives. After the explosion of crack in the mid 1980’s, however,
opinion changed and it is now accepted that Cocaine’s has powerfully addicting psychological
properties.

7. Crack
 A form of Cocaine that is designed to be smoked and comes in rocks of varying color and size. It is
related to free-base in that it has been cooked down to release –  or “free” – the addictive properties
from its impurities. In this way it is a purer form of the drug than the crystalline powder that is typically
snorted or injected. It has a variety of street names including rock, base, or cavvy, and is considered to
be the most addictive form of the drug available. Crack generates a rush and high that is as intense as
it is brief, creating a powerful reward stimulus-loop that inevitably, over time, leads to more use, with
each subsequent dose reinforcing the next. Crack first appeared en masse in urban neighborhoods in
the early to mid-1980’s, and quickly evolved into public health crises of epidemic proportions, affecting
hundreds of thousands of people regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status.
 Signs of Crack Abuse include:
 Anger or erratic volatile moods.
 Depression.
 Inability to hold a job.
 Financial and legal problems.
 Poor reality testing; delusional thinking.
 Appetite loss and weight loss.
 Decreased social inhibitions.
 Hyper-sexuality.
 Compulsivity.
 Anxiety; irritability; argumentative.
 Paranoia.
8. Sedative
 Depressant drugs, which reduce anxiety and excitement such as barbiturates, non-barbiturates,
tranquilizers and alcohol.
9. Narcotics
 Narcotic derives from the Greek word for benumb (Narko). Medically it refers to a class of substances
that induced sleep or have analgesic, pain-killing properties. Today it is most commonly associated
with drugs that fall into the classification of Opiates, such as Morphine, Heroin, and their analogs like
Hydrocodone (Vicodin). However, since the legal definition of Narcotics differs from the medical
definition, there are actually two different classifications that consequently cover a broad range of
psycho-active compounds and drugs. The first drug to truly be labeled as a Narcotic was liquor, whose
recorded use goes back to ancient times.
 The side effects of Narcotics intoxication include:
 Drowsiness.
 Difficulty concentrating.
 Decreased physical activity.
 Constriction of the pupils.
 Flushing of the face and neck.
 Constipation.
 Nausea and vomiting.
 Respiratory depression.
10. Solvents

Ss2K 11
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 The volatile substances which are found to be the most commonly abused by children lured into the
drug habit.

J. DIFFERENT PLANTS AS SOURCES OF DRUGS

1. Marijuana
 The world’s oldest cultivated plant as a source of drug.
 Known as “Sacred tree” by the Assyrian
 A Spanish Mexican term used to refer to the Indian hemp plant.
 Scientifically known as Cannabis Sativa Lima.
 Grow approximate 15 to 20 ft height in Tropical region.
 Its leaves formed a finger like look-odd in no. from 3 to 13 fingerlike leaves.
 Leaflets are elongated with pointed tip and the sides serrated.
 Stalk – can attain a height of 3 to 16 feet.
 Roots – Approximately with the length of 8 inches.
a. Staminate
 Male marijuana.
 Taller but short lived.
b. Pistillate
 Female Marijuana.
 Shorter but long lived.
2. Opium Poppy Plant
 The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to the sedative properties
of some of these opiates.
 Height: 3 to 6 feet
 First grown in Mesopotamia.
 The Sumerians called it “Hul Gil” means plant of joy due to its effect.
3. Coca Bush Plant
 Scientifically known as Erythroxylon Coca.
 Grown primarily in Peru and Colombia (South Africa)
 Harvest is 3-4 times a year.
 Fully grown attains the height of 6 to 8 feet (Manwong) 7-10 feet, 2-3M in other sources.
 It is where being cocaine is derived.
4. Epedra plant (Ephedra Vulgaris)
 First discovered in China.
 Known to the Chinese as “Ma Huang”.
 It contains Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine.
 Height: 30-50 cm.
 Grows in dry climates throughout Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.
 A herb and it produces pollen.
 It is commonly used to make tea, such as Mormon Tea.
5. Borrachero tree (Datura)
 Blooms with deceptively beautiful white and yellow flowers.
 It is where the most dangerous drug scopolamine is derived.
 With white flowers known as “Angels Trumpets”.
 They are also sometimes called moonflowers, one of several plant species to be so.
 Devil's Breath: The drug is odorless and tasteless and can simply be blown in the face of someone
on the street; their free will vanishes after being exposed to it

SOME COMMON BUT DEALY PLANTS

Ss2K 12
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

1. Oleander (Nerium Oleander)

 One of the most poisonous of all commonly grown garden plants, and though it's especially toxic to
children it is often planted in school yards. It is a hearty bush and grows on many different continents,
and with beautiful, fragrant blossoms, it is tempting to include it in any garden... just don't even think
about touching it or tasting the leaves or stems.
 A small child can experience symptoms after handling just one leaf from the plant, though typically it
takes more contact for severe reactions to take place. Upon consumption, the poison causes intestinal
issues like vomiting, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), excess salivation, and cramping/pain. It can also
cause a racing, irregular heart rate, poor circulation, tremors, seizures, coma, and death.

2. Manchineel (Hippomane Mancinella)

 The flowering plants are considered among the most poisonous trees in the world and are native to
Florida, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America.
 The Spanish name is "manzanilla de la muerte: which means "little apple of death."
 Columbus described the small green fruits as 'death apples.' The trees are common along the
Caribbean shores.
3. Deadly Nightshade (Atropa Belladonna)
 This plant goes by many names, including Belladonna, Devil's Berries, and Death Cherries. Both the
leaves and the berries are extremely toxic, and children have been known to die from eating just
two berries.
 One of the most toxic plants in the Western Hemisphere, consumption of Deadly Nightshade leads
to delirium, hallucinations, dilated pupils, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, tachycardia, loss of
balance, staggering, headache, rash, dry mouth and throat, slurred speech, urinary retention,
constipation, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, and convulsions. Without receiving the antidote,
sufferers will eventually die due to the plant's disruption of their body's involuntary activities such
as sweating, breathing, and heart rate.
4. Castor Beans
 Castor oil has long been used to aid digestion. While it has a foul taste and consistency, it is not
harmful when ingested, yet you may be surprised to learn that just one bean from the plant that is
used to make castor oil can be fatal to an adult in minutes.
5. Water Hemlock (Cicuta)
 Water Hemlock grows in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly north America and
Europe, usually appearing in marshy areas like wet meadows and along stream banks. Called “the most
violently toxic plant in North America," it is the plant's roots that contain the deadly sap that, when
touched or eaten, causes grand mal seizures and death.
6. English Yew (Taxus Baccata)
 One of the most deadly trees in the world, these evergreens are common in the forests of Europe.
With the exception of the berries, all of the tree is toxic, and the Yew was once used by early herbalists
to induce abortions. Sadly, the result was often fatal to both mother and child.
 Consumption of the Yew in even tiny amounts causes cardiac issues that result in death. It is quick-
acting and there is no antidote.
7. Rhubarb
 While some people enjoy eating the stems of this plant in desserts like Rhubarb Pie, eating Rhubarb
leaves can be fatal. Eating large amounts of raw or cooked leaves causes difficulty breathing, burning
of mouth and throat. Symptoms set in within an hour of eating the leaves and lead to convulsions,
internal bleeding, coma, and death.
8. Daphne
 Native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, this broad species of plants has fragrant flowers and highly
poisonous berries. Commonly planted in baskets and other planters, even a handful of these red or

Ss2K 13
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

yellow berries can cause burning of the mouth and intestinal tract, followed by coma and usually,
death.
9. Dumb Cane (Dieffenbachia
 A common shade-loving household plant, Dumb Cane is a tropical plant that is among the most
poisonous plants in the world. Chewing on any part of this leafy plant causes intense pain in the
mouth and throat, excessive salivation, and in rare cases, severe swelling of the throat that can lead
to strangulation.
10. Jimson Weed (Datura Stramonium)
 The very first plant poisoning death in the United States is credited to this little weed: Jimsonweed.
The Jamestown, VA settlers used jimsonweed to poison British soldiers, who then spent 11 days in a
state of insanity until they came to their senses (and didn't remember a thing). Turns out those
soldiers got off easy; symptoms such as abnormal thirst, vision distortions, delirium, incoherence, and
coma are often fatal.

 Also called devil's trumpet, angel's trumpet, devil's weed, stinkweed, locoweed, and hell's
bells, people who attempt to consume this weed recreationally for the hallucinogenic
properties often get more than they bargain for because it's nearly impossible not to
overdose. In South Africa, they call them "mad seeds."

Different types of dangerous

CHAPTER II drugs

A. COMMON TYPES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

1. Opium (poppy tears, lachryma papaveris)

 The dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
 Contains approximately 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to
produce heroin for the illegal drug trade.
 Widely used by Sumerian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Indian, Minoan, Greek, Roman, Persian and Arab
Empires during stone age as pain reliever.
 First Harvested in Mesopotamia.
 Addiction was first recognized when it was mixed with tobacco for smoking.
 Prohibited in CHINA 1729, when Emperor Yongzheng/Yung Chen of the Qing Dynasty.
 Legalized in 1858 because the Chinese was defeated in the second opium war.
 Banned in 1875 at San Francisco USA.
 Banned in 1891 at California USA.
 1909 in USA Federal level by passing exclusion Act of 1909
 Main Producers: Almost 82 % of World Opium was being produced an Afghanistan in 2006 according
to UNODC. Smaller quantities from Pakistan, India, Turkey, Burma, Mexico, and Columbia.
 Legal in INDIA and Turkey.
 Administered through- Intravenous injection, dragon chasing, and madak (smoking with cigarettes).

 Some slang terms for opium include "O.P.", "hop", "midnight oil", "tar", "dope", and "Big O". ("Tar"
and "dope" can also refer to heroin.) The traditional opium pipe is known as a "dream stick".

Ss2K 14
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

2. Cannabis also known as marijuana

 (From the Mexican Spanish marihuana), and by other names.
 Criminalized in different countries in the early 20 th century.
 A preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug and as medicine.
 Pharmacologically, the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC);
it is one of 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 84 other cannabinoids, such as
cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). and cannabigerol (CBG).
 Used by Aryans in their religious ceremonies, they called it qunubu (meaning "way to produce
smoke"), a probable origin of the modern word "cannabis".
 The three main forms of cannabis products are the
 Flower, 5%
 Hesin (hashish), 20% and
 Oil (hash oil). 60% THC content."
 Preparations
 Kief
 A powder, rich in trichomes, which can be shifted from the leaves and flowers of
cannabis plants and either consumed in powder form or compressed to produce cakes
of hashish.
 Hashish
 Hashish (also spelled hasheesh, hashisha, or simply hash) is a concentrated resin cake
or ball produced from pressed kief, the detached trichromes and fine material that fell
off of Cannabis flowers and leaves. It varies in color from black to golden brown
depending upon purity and variety of cultivar it was obtained from. It can be
consumed orally or smoked.
 Green dragon (tincture)
 Cannabinoids can be extracted from cannabis plant matter using high-proof spirits
(often grain alcohol) to create a tincture, often referred to as Green dragon.
Nabiximols is a branded product name from a tincture manufacturing pharmaceutical
company.
 Hash oil
 The extraction of the natural oils in the cannabis flowers or leaves. This is very
different from Hemp seed oil. The essential oil contains the cannabinoids that are
present in the plant, which are extracted by a volatile solvent such as alcohol. The
solvents are evaporated to leave behind the very concentrated oil. Owing to its purity,
these products are consumed by smoking, vaporizing, eating, or applied topically.
 Infusions
 There are many varieties of cannabis infusions owing to the variety of non-volatile
solvents used. The plant material is mixed with the solvent and then pressed and
filtered to express the oils of the plant into the solvent. Examples of solvents used in
this process are cocoa butter, dairy butter, cooking oil, glycerine, and skin moisturizers.
Depending on the solvent, these may be used in cannabis foods or applied topically.
 Adulterants
 Chalk (in the Netherlands) and glass particles (in the UK) have been used to make
cannabis appear to be higher quality. Increasing the weight of hashish products in
Germany with lead caused lead intoxication in at least 29 users. In the Netherlands
two chemical analogs of sildenafil (Viagra) were found in adulterated marijuana.
 A study of five "soap-bar" samples seized by UK Customs in 2001 found adulteration
by adulterants, including soil, glue, engine oil and animal feces.
 A joint
 Methods of consumption
 smoking

Ss2K 15
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 vaporizer
 Cannabis may be consumed orally in any form.
 Cannabis tea

 Detection of consumption
 THC and its major (inactive) metabolite, THC-COOH, can be measured in blood, urine, hair, oral
fluid or sweat using chromatographic techniques as part of a drug use testing program or a
forensic investigation of a traffic or other criminal offense.
 Duquenois-Levine test is commonly used as a screening test

3. Cocaine
 A high-priced way of getting high -- has a mystique. Called "the caviar of street drugs," Cocaine is
seen as the status-heavy drug of celebrities, fashion models, and Wall Street traders.

 A purified extract from the leaves of the Erythroxylum coca bush. This plant grows in the Andes
region of South America. Different chemical processes produce the two main forms of cocaine:
 Powdered cocaine -- commonly known on the street as "coke" or "blow" -- dissolves in water.
Users can snort or inject powdered cocaine.
 Crack cocaine -- commonly known on the street as "crack" or "rock" -- is made by a chemical
process that leaves it in its "freebase" form, which can be smoked.
 Administered through snorting, smoking and injecting.

 Physiological Effects of Cocaine

 Heart. Cocaine is bad for the heart. Cocaine increases heart rate and blood pressure while
constricting the arteries supplying blood to the heart. The result can be a heart attack,
even in young people without heart disease. Cocaine can also trigger a deadly abnormal
heart rhythm called arrhythmia.
 Brain. Cocaine can constrict blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes. This can happen
even in young people without other risk factors for strokes. Cocaine causes seizures and
can lead to bizarre or violent behavior.

Ss2K 16
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Lungs and respiratory system. Snorting cocaine damages the nose and sinuses. Regular
use can cause nasal perforation. Smoking crack cocaine irritates the lungs and, in some
people, causes permanent lung damage.
 Gastrointestinal tract. Cocaine constricts blood vessels supplying the gut. The resulting
oxygen starvation can cause ulcers, or even perforation of the stomach or intestines.
 Kidneys. Cocaine can cause sudden, overwhelming kidney failure through a process called
rhabdomyolysis. In people with high blood pressure, regular cocaine use can accelerate
the long-term kidney damage caused by high blood pressure.
 Sexual function. Although cocaine has a reputation as an aphrodisiac, it actually may make
you less able to finish what you start. Chronic cocaine use can impair sexual function in
men and women. In men, cocaine can cause delayed or impaired ejaculation.

4. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine)
 An empathogenic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes of drugs.
 Widely known as "ecstasy" (shortened to "E", "X", or "XTC"), usually referring to its street pill
form, although this term may also include the presence of possible adulterants. The term "molly"
or "mandy" colloquially refers to MDMA in powder or crystalline form, usually implying a higher
level of purity.
B. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE STUDY OF DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

1. Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner

 First isolated morphine from the opium poppy in 1804.
2. Heinrich Emanuel Merck
 He began sale of morphine in 1827.
3. Pierre Jean Robiquet
 Isolated codeine in 1832.
4. Felix Hoffmann
 He discovered Heroin- the first semi-synthetic opiate in 1874.
5. Anton Köllisch
 First synthesized MDMA in 1912.
6. Hippocrates
 Father of medicine who prescribe the juice of poppy plant as early as 5,000 B.C. in the belief that it
can cure different type of illness both in internal and external use.
7. Emperor Yongzheng/Yung Chen
 Attempted to stop the importation of Opium from China to India and triggered the Opium War.

C. Illicit Drug Routes

1. Middle east-Turkey-Europe-United States
 First Drug Route.
a. Middle East
 Discovery, Plantation, cultivation and harvest.
b. Turkey
 Preparation for distributions.
c. Europe
 Center of Drug manufacture and synthesis.
d. United States
 Center for drug marketing.
2. Golden Triangle
 Composed of Thailand, Laos, Myanmar
 Produced 60% opium in the world and 90 % in eastern part of Asia.

Ss2K 17
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

3. Golden Crescent
 Composed of Afghanistan, Pakistan. Iran, India
 Produce at least 85-90% all illicit heroin channeled in the Drug Underworld market.

D. WORLDWIDE PERSPECTIVE ON DRUG TRAFFICKING and ABUSE

1. Middle East
 The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of Cannabis in Middle East.
Lebanon became the transit point for cocaine from South America to European illicit drug
markets.
2. Spain
 Major transshipment point for international drug traffickers in Europe.
 The paradise of drug users in Europe.
3. South America
 Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, and Panama are the principal sources of all cocaine supply in the world
due to the robust production of coca-plants source of the cocaine drug.
4. Marocco
 Number one producer of Marijuana in 2006.
5. Philippines
 Second to Marroco in production of Marijuana.
 The major transshipment point for the worldwide distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu
and cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
 Drug paradise for drug abusers in Asia.
6. India
 Center of world’s drug map, leading to rapid addiction among its people.
7. Indonesia
 Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis growing area.
 Bali Indonesia- An important transit point for drugs to Australia and New Zealand.
8. Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
 Favorable sites of drug distribution from Golden Triangle and other parts of Asia.
9. China
 Transit point of Heroin from the Golden Triangle to Hong Kong.
 It is where the Ephedra plant is cultivated.
10. Hong Kong
 The world’s transshipment point of all forms of heroin.
11. Japan
 Major consumer of cocaine and shabu from United States and Europe.

E. PROMINENT DRUG SYNDICATES RESPONSIBLE FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING

1. Columbian Cartel
 Founded in 1908 by Pablo Escobar Gaviria and Drug Bose Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha and the
Top aide cocaine barons Jose Gonzalo and Ochoa Brothers.
 Reputedly responsible for organizing worlds drug trafficking network.

2. Cali Cartel
 Founded by Gilberto Rodriguez Orjuela in 1970’s with his brother Miguel Rodrigquez Orjuela, Jose
Santacruz Londono and Helmer “Pacho” Herrera.
 Funded the vigilant group Les Pepes, who fought against Escobar.
 Export 80% of cocaine to US.
3. Norte del Valle Cartel
 Operates principally in North of Valle Del Cauca of Colombia.

Ss2K 18
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Prominence during the second half of 1990’s.

 Leading drug lords are Diego Leon Montoya Sanchez, aka- “Don Diego”, Wilber Varela alias
“Jabon” “Soap”, and Hernando Gomez Bustamante alias “Rasguno” “scratch”.
4. 14k Gang
5. Bamboo Gang
6. Chinese Mafia known as Triads
7. Cosa Nostra
8. Octopus Neopolitan Camorra
9. Yakuza
10. Sicilian Mafia

F. CAUSES AND INFLUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE

BASIC CONCEPTS
DRUG ABUSE
 Traditionally, it refer to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of whether or not it was
actually harmful
DRUG DEPENDENCY
 It has three basic characteristics as fallows; Groiler, 1995
 The users continue to take drug over an extended period of time.
 The users find it difficult to stopping using the drug.
 The users stop taking their drug only if their supply of the drug is cut-off, or if they are
forced to quit for any reason- they will undergo physical and mental distress.
DRUG ADDICTION
 A state of mind in which a person has lost the power of self control in respect of a drug.

G. CHARACTERESTICS OF DRUG ADDICTION

1. Uncontrollable Craving
 The addict feels a compulsive craving to take drug repeatedly and tries to procure the same by any
means.
2. Tolerance
 It is the tendency to increase the dose of the drug to produce the same effect as to that of the
original effect.
3. Addiction
 The addict is powerless to quit drug.
4. Physical Dependence
 The addict physiological functioning is altered. The body becomes sick, inactive in carrying out
useful activity in the absence of the drug.
5. Psychological dependence
 Emotional and mental discomfort exists to the individual.
6. Withdrawal Syndrome
 The addict becomes nervous and restless when he does not get the drug. After about 12 hours, he
starts sweating.

WAYS TO ACQUIRE DRUG HABIT

1. Association
 The tendency of a drug abuser to look for peer groups where he feels being wanted and accepted.
2. Experimentation
 The tendency of a person to try and explore the effect of drugs due to curiosity or other reasons.
3. Inexperienced doctors

Ss2K 19
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 The tendency of doctors and physicians to unnecessarily prescribed drugs.

IT CAN ALSO BE ACQUIRED THROUGH

1. HABITUATION
 Repetitious engagement of drug use which is closely related to the experience of the euphoric
effect of drugs, and the relief of pain or emotional discomfort.
2. TOLERATION
 Refers to the necessity to increase the dose to obtain an equivalent effect to the original dose.
3. DEPENDENCE
 The altered psychological state brought about by repeated administration of the drug, which
necessitates the continuous use of the drug to avoid withdrawal syndrome.

H. PRIMARY CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE –SEVEN DEADLY SINS

1. Pride
 Excessive feeling of self worth or self esteem, sense of self importance.
2. Anger
 Unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, his friends or the society in
general.
3. Lust
 Burning sexual desire can distort a human mind to drug use.
4. Gluttony
 Food trip in the lingo of junkies.
5. Greed
 Wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in the work of art, such as
musicians, actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
6. Envy
 To get attention from someone: as a sign of protest.
 It is the major cause of drug abuse.
7. Laziness
 “I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve- the breeding ground of drug abuse. Boredom
coupled with self poor image.

I. GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

1. Situational Users
 Pertains to those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an
important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
2. Spree Users
 School age users who take drugs for “Kicks”, an adventurous daring experience, or as means of
fun. There may be some degree of psychological dependence but little physical dependence
due to the mixed pattern of use.
3. Hard Core Addicts
 Those whose activities revolve almost entirely around the drug experience and securing
supplies.
4. Hippies
 Those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.

J. SOME MARKERS IN IDENTIFYING DRUG ABUSERS

1. Change in interest
2. Frequent shifting of mood

Ss2K 20
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

3. Changes in behavior
4. Changes in physical appearance

K. EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE

1. As to Physical Effects
a. Malnutrition
b. Skin infections and Skin Rashes
2. As Psychological Effects
a. Deterioration of personality with impaired emotional maturation.
b. Impairment of adequate mental function
c. Loss of drive and ambition
d. Development of psychosis and depression
e. Loss of interest to study
f. Laziness, lethargy, boredom and restlessness
g. Irritability, rebellious attitude
h. Withdrawn forgetfulness
3. As to Social Effects
a. Deterioration of interpersonal relationship and development of conflict with authority
b. Commission of crimes
c. Social maladjustment; loss of desire to work, study, and participate in activities or to face
challenges.
4. As to Mental Effect
a. Reduces activity of brain and depresses the CNS
b. Deterioration of Mind (Mental invalid)
5. As to Economic Effects
a. Inability to hold a stable Job
b. Dependence on family resources
c. Accidents of industry

Drug related laws and

CHAPTER III government strategies

1. R.A. 6425
 Also known as the “Dangerous drugs act of 1972”.
 Promulgated in March 30, 1972
 LIM SENG – Dried up of the supply of heroin in the streets and then on, this drug never recovered
its marketability.
2. PD 44
 Law which procedurally amend R.A. 6425 on Nov. 2 1972.
3. BP 179
 Effected another procedural amendment to R.A. 6425 in 1982.

4. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165       June 7, 2002

Ss2K 21
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS
AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Section 1. Short Title – This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002".

ARTICLE I
Definition of terms
Section 3. Definitions as used in this Act, the following terms shall mean:
1. Administer
 Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her
knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing any act of
indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless
administered by a duly licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
2. Clandestine Laboratory
 Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
3. Confirmatory Test
 An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical principle that
is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
4. Controlled Delivery
 The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property
believed to be derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify
any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that
offense.
5. Cultivate or Culture
 Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any
plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
6. Dangerous Drugs
 Include those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on
Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex which is an integral part of this Act.
7. Deliver
 Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any
means, with or without consideration.
8. Den, Dive or Resort
 A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.
9. Drug Syndicate
 Any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed under this Act.
10. Employee of Den, Dive or Resort
 The caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or resort,
employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used, with or without
compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.

11. Illegal Trafficking

Ss2K 22
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
12. Laboratory Equipment
 The paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or appliances when used, intended for use or designed for
use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel, flask,
heating mantle, gas generator, or their substitute.
13. Cannabis or commonly known as "Marijuana" or "Indian Hemp" or by its any other name
 Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L. including, but not limited
to, Cannabis americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces every kind, class
and character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering or fruiting tops, or any
part or portion of the plant and seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as a reefer,
resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.
14. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy", or by its any other name
 Refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
form.
15. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth", or by its any other
name
 Refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
form.
16. Opium
 Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every kind,
class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic
preparations thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium; preparations in which opium,
morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy straw; and
leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared for use or not.
17. Opium Poppy
 Refers to any part of the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC, Papaver
orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws, branches,
leaves or any part thereof, or substances derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and culinary
purposes.
18. PDEA
 Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.
19. Practitioner
 Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse, midwife,
veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.
20. Protector/Coddler
 Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act and
uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape
of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the
provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
21. Pusher
 Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms
whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a
broker in any of such transactions, in violation of this Act.

ARTICLE II

Ss2K 23
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

Unlawful Acts and Penalties

Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
 life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging P500, 000.00 to P10,000,000.00
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into
the Philippines any dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved,
including any and all species of opium poppy or any part thereof or substances derived
there from even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes.
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized under this Act, shall import or
bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical through the use of a diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any other means
involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the unlawful entry of the same. In
addition, the diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and canceled.
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any
of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
 12 years 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import any
controlled precursor and essential chemical.

Section 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort

 Death and a fine ranging from P1,000,000.00 to P1500,000.00

 Shall be imposed on the maintainer, owner and/or operator if any dangerous drug be the
proximate cause of the death of a person using the same in such den, dive or resort.
 life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from P500,000.00 to P10,000,000.00
 Shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort
where any dangerous drug is used or sold in any form.
 Shall be imposed upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of
the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
 Shall be imposed in every case where any dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to
a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place.
 12 and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00
 Shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or
resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any form.
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the
provisions under this Section.

Section 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort

 12 and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00

a. Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of the place as such;
and
b. Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding,
paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit the
same

Section 10. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

Ss2K 24
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 12 and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000.00 to P500,000.00

 Shall be imposed upon any person who shall deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or
manufacture with intent to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia
for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know,
that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound,
convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain or conceal any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation of this Act.
 Shall be imposed upon any person, who uses a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual to
deliver such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.

 6 months and one1 day to 4 years and a fine ranging from P10,000.00 to P50,000.00
 Shall be imposed if it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the
human body a dangerous drug in violation of this Act.

Section 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs

 life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from P500,000.00 to P10,000,000.00
 shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous
drug in the following quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:

1.10 grams or more of opium;

2.10 grams or more of morphine;
3.10 grams or more of heroin;
4.10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
5.50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu";
6.10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
7.500 grams or more of marijuana; and
8.10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy", paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxyamphetamine
(GHB), and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without
having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements,
as determined and promulgated by the Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.

Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the penalties shall be graduated as
follows:

1.Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantity of methamphetamine hydrochloride or
"shabu" is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty (50) grams;
2.Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life imprisonment and a fine ranging
from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but less than ten
(10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or
marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drugs
such as, but not limited to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly
designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value
or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or three hundred (300)
grams or more but less than five (hundred) 500) grams of marijuana; and
3.Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from
Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00), if
the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of opium, morphine, heroin,

Ss2K 25
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine

hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or
"ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and
their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond
therapeutic requirements; or less than three hundred (300) grams of marijuana.

Section 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs

 First offense- 6 months rehabilitation in a government center.
 Second time – 6 moths and 1 day to 12 years and a fine ranging from 50, 000.00 to 200,000.00
 Shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession
such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case
the provisions stated therein shall apply.

Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

 12 years and one 1 day to twenty 20)years and P100,000.00 to P500,000.00 and the additional penalty
of the revocation of his/her license to practice
 shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person
whose physical or physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage prescribed
therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent experts who
are authorized representatives of professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those
who are involved in the care of persons with severe pain.

ARTICLE IX

Dangerous Drugs Board and Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

Section 77. The Dangerous Drugs Board

 The Board shall be the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation
of policies and programs on drug prevention and control. It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive,
integrated, unified and balanced national drug abuse prevention and control strategy. It shall be under
the Office of the President.

Section 78. Composition of the Board

 The Board shall be composed of seventeen (17) members wherein three (3) of which are permanent
members, the other twelve (12) members shall be in an ex officio capacity and the two (2) shall be
regular members.
 The three (3) permanent members, who shall possess at least seven-year training and experience in
the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following fields: in law, medicine, criminology,
psychology or social work, shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. The President shall
designate a Chairman, who shall have the rank of a secretary from among the three (3) permanent
members who shall serve for six (6) years. Of the two (2) other members, who shall both have the rank
of undersecretary, one (1) shall serve for four (4) years and the other for two (2) years. Thereafter, the
persons appointed to succeed such members shall hold office for a term of six (6) years and until their
successors shall have been duly appointed and qualified.

The other twelve (12) members who shall be ex officio members of the Board are the following:

1. Secretary of the Department of Justice or his/her representative;

Ss2K 26
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

2. Secretary of the Department of Health or his/her representative;

3. Secretary of the Department of National Defense or his/her representative;
4. Secretary of the Department of Finance or his/her representative;
5. Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment or his/her representative;
6. Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government or his/her representative;
7. Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development or his/her representative;
8. Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs or his/her representative;
9. Secretary of the Department of Education or his/her representative;
10. Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education or his/her representative;
11. Chairman of the National Youth Commission;
12. Director General of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.

Cabinet secretaries who are members of the Board may designate their duly authorized and permanent
representatives whose ranks shall in no case be lower than undersecretary.

The two (2) regular members shall be as follows:

(a) The president of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines; and

(b) The chairman or president of a non-government organization involved in dangerous drug campaign
to be appointed by the President of the Philippines.

 The Director of the NBI and the Chief of the PNP shall be the permanent consultants of the Board, and
shall attend all the meetings of the Board.
 All members of the Board as well as its permanent consultants shall receive a per diem for every
meeting actually attended subject to the pertinent budgetary laws, rules and regulations on
compensation, honoraria and allowances: Provided, That where the representative of an ex officio
member or of the permanent consultant of the Board attends a meeting in behalf of the latter, such
representative shall be entitled to receive the per diem.

Section 79. Meetings of the Board

 The Board shall meet once a week or as often as necessary at the discretion of the Chairman or at the
call of any four (4) other members. The presence of nine (9) members shall constitute a quorum.

Section 82. Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

 To carry out the provisions of this Act, the PDEA, which serves as the implementing arm of the Board,
and shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in this Act.
 The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of Undersecretary, who shall be
responsible for the general administration and management of the Agency. The Director General of
the PDEA shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines and shall perform such other duties
that may be assigned to him/her. He/she must possess adequate knowledge, training and experience
in the field of dangerous drugs, and in any of the following fields: law enforcement, law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work.
 The Director General of the PDEA shall be assisted in the performance of his/her duties and
responsibilities by two (2) deputies director general with the rank of Assistant Secretary; one for
Operations and the other one for Administration. The two (2) deputies director general shall likewise
be appointed by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Board. The two (2)
deputies director general shall possess the same qualifications as those of the Director General of the
PDEA. The Director General and the two (2) deputies director general shall receive the compensation
and salaries as prescribed by law.

Ss2K 27
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

OPERATIONAL PLANS AGAINST DRUG PROBLEMS

1. Oplan Thunderbolt I
 Operation to create impact to the underworld.
2. Oplan Thunderbolt II
 Operations to neutralize suspected illegal laboratories.
3. Oplan Thunderbolt III
 Operations for the neutralization of big time drug pushers’ and dealers and drug lords.
4. Oplan Iceberg
 Special operations team in selected drug prone areas in order to get rid of illegal drug
activities in the area.
5. Oplan Hunter
 Operations against suspected military and police personnel who are engage in illegal drug
activities.
6. Oplan Mercurion
 Operations against drug stores, which are violating existing regulations on the scale of
regulated drugs in coordination with the DDB, DOH, and BFAD.
7. Oplan Tornado
 Operations in drug notorious and high profile cases.
8. Oplan Greengold
 Nationwide MJ eradication in coordination with local governments and NGO’s.
9. Oplan Sagip-Yagit
 A civic program initiated by the NGO’s and local government offices to help eradicate drug
syndicates involving children as drug instrument.
10. Oplan Banat
 Operational plan against drug abuse focused in Barangay level in cooperation with the
Barangay officials.
11. Oplan Anthena
 Operation conducted to neutralize the 14k, the Bamboo gang and other local organized crime
groups involved in the illegal drug trafficking.
12. Oplan Cyclops
 Operations against Chinese Triads members involved in the illegal drug operations particularly
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride.

ANTI-NARCOTICS OPERATIONS
1. Buy-bust operations
 A form of entrapment by peace officers as an effective way of apprehending criminal in the act
of the commission of the offense. Has received judicial sanctions as long as it is carried with
due regard to the constitutional and legal safeguards.
 In must be preceded by an intensive surveillance, casing or other intelligence operations and
gathering, evaluation and timely dissemination. Intelligence must be evidence based and must
be supported by documents such as summaries, maps, sketches, affidavits and sworn
statement.
2. Search with Warrant
 A search warrant is an order in writing issued in the name of the people of the Philippines
signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal
property described therein and bring it before the court.
 Prior to its procurement, Intensive intelligence data gathering must be undertaken, evidenced
based and supported by credible documents. Conduct of surveillance, casing and other
intelligence operations; identification, movement, activities and location of suspects should be
established.

Ss2K 28
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

3. MJ eradication
 Involves the location and destruction of MJ plantations, including the identification, arrest and
prosecution of the planter, owner or cultivator, and the escheating of the land where the
plantation is located.
4. Mobile Checkpoint Operations
 No other forms of checkpoint other than mobile checkpoints are authorized for drug
enforcement and prevention operations.
 It shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on checkpoint operations.
 Intensive intelligence gathering supported by credible documents, with proper pre-operations
orders and after surveillance or after casing report.
5. Airport/Seaport Interdiction
 Involves the conduct of surveillance, interception and interdiction of person and evidence
during travel by air or sea vessels.
 Intensive intelligence gathering supported by credible documents, with proper pre-operations
orders and after surveillance or after casing report.
 Coordination with airport and seaport authorities shall be made. Operations shall be in
consonance with the existing SOPs on airport and seaport check/operations.
6. Controlled delivery
 Allowing elicit or suspect consignment of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substance substituted for
them to pass out of, through or into the territory of one or more countries, with the knowledge
and under the supervision of their competent authorities with a view of identifying persons
involved in the commission of drug related offenses.
7. Undercover Operations
 An investigative technique in which the personnel involve assumes different identities in order
to obtain necessary information. The technique may also be considered as a method of
surveillance.
 Proper operations shall be reported only under circumstance where evidence can be hardly
obtained in an open investigation.

INTERNATIONAL EFFORT AGAINST DRUG ABUSE

1. UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)

 A United Nations agency which was founded for Drug Control and Crime Prevention with the
intent to fight drugs and crime.
 It has three primary functions as follows;
 Research
 Lobbying state government to adopt various crime and drug based laws and treaties.
 Assistance of governments on ground levels.
a. UNDCP (United Nations International Drug Control Program
 Part of UNODC which assist the government in fulfilling their obligation under the existing
regulatory structures so that they can become the parties
 Resources of operation -from the regular budget of the UN and voluntary contributions from
UN members.
 Field Offices in ASIA- Laos and Burma which handle National programs while Thailand handles
regional program.
b. UNCICP(United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention
 It is mandated by the UN General Assembly with the executive responsibility leadership for all
the UN drug control activities in order to ensure coherence of action, coordination, and non-
duplication of such activities in the UN system.
c. UN CND( United Nations Commission On Narcotic Drug)
 The central policy making body within the UN system dealing with Drug Related matters.

Ss2K 29
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 It analyses the world drug situation and develops proposals to strengthen the international
Drug Control System to combat the world drug problem.

MEASURE TAKEN IN SEA COUNTRIES

1. Enhancement of Capital Punishment.

2. Asian Drug Official group meetings/conventions against drug abuse.
3. Instant Urine Test Machine
4. Denial of passport of all drug offenders upon release from prison.
5. Use of Narcotic Drug detector.
6. ASEAN Cooperation against Drug Trafficking

DRUG OUTLOOK IN ASEAN COUNTRIES SHOWS THAT:

1. Thailand
 Training Center for:
 Undercover operations
 Investigations
 Information handling
 Surveillance
 Other enforcement techniques
2. Philippines
 Adopted the drug demand reduction strategy and supply reduction strategy.
3. Malaysia
 It serves as the ASEAN treatment and rehabilitation center sponsored by the international
labor union located in Malaysia.
 Also considered as the training center for treatment and rehabilitation of Drug abusers in Asia.
4. Singapore
 Responsible in the area of research as part of the ASEAN narcotic work. The Urine test was
adopted with the aim to train chemist from ASEAN members in the techniques of mass urine
screening.

DIFFERENT UNITS OF THE SOCIETY AND ROLE IN DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION

1. Individual
 Improve his personality and develop traits and characteristics that would build-up self
confidence.
2. Family
 Basic unit of the community and considered as the cradle of human personality.
3. School
 Childs next impressive world.
 Considered as extension of home having the strategic position to control crime and
delinquency.
4. Church
 It is committed to fight against drug abuse because religion is a positive force for humanitarian
task of moral guidance of the youth.
5. Police
 Number one institution in the community with the broad goals of maintaining peace and
order, the protection of lives and properties and the enforcement of the laws.
6. Non-Government Organization (NGO’s)

Ss2K 30
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Concerned individuals responsible for helping the government in the pursuit of community
development being partners in providing the common good and welfare of the people through
public service.
7. Mass Media
 The best institution for information dissemination thereby giving the public the necessary need
to know and do help shape everyday views, about drug abuse, its control and prevention.

NARCOTIC DEATH INVESTIGATION

 Three Phases
1. Scene Investigation
2. Medical Investigation
3. Toxicological Investigation

SOME ITEMS THAT CAN BE GATHERED AT CRIME SCENE OF NARCOTIC DEATH

1. Paraphernalia (or Works)
 Tools in administering narcotics.
2. Narcotic Medication
 Laudanum, paregoric, codeine cough syrup, all utilized as “carryover’s” until the next fix.
3. Maalox – Milk of Magnesia
 Medication used to relieved nausea, vomiting, constipation, cramps, or diarrhea.
4. Absence of Nutritional Food
 Loss of appetite is symptom of poisoning.
5. Body Fluids
 Presence of feces, urine, mucus or vomitus on the scene may be evidence of the body
attempting to rid itself of poisoned substance.
6. Clothing or Bed Linens
7. Lack of Ordinary Cleanliness
8. Wet Body
9. Nylon Stoking
 Stretched as a hanger and used as sieve.
10. Playing Card
11. Merchandise
 Small items which are easily carried and disposed of after, being stolen, such as watch,
radio, portable TV’s, cell phone, net books etc.

BODY SIGNS
1. Cyanosis
 Bluish discoloration of the face and/ or fingernails due to insufficient oxygenation caused by
increased of carbon monoxide in the body.
2. Petechial Hemorrhage
 Pinpoint spots of discoloration resulting from capability ruptures due to pressure and
generally observed in the eyes, eyelids,
3. Form or Froth
 Observed in mouth and the nose, may be white or pinkish and caused by fluids entering the
air passages.
4. Hematoma
 A localized swelling of any part of the body caused by bleeding beneath the surface of the
skin. This is caused by skin popping rather than vein injections.
5. Needle Marks/Tracks
 Visual evidence of repeated intravenous injections. The tracks will follow a vein and result
in dark discoloration and eventual collapse of the vein.

Ss2K 31
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

6. Scar
Skin imperfection caused by the victim in removing needle marks scabs, added to
uncleanliness of the victim.
7. Rash/scratched skin
 External body sign of morphine or heroin poisoning.
8. Asphyxia
 When it is the cause of death, it is accompanied by external body changes visible to the
naked eye, are not restricted to narcotic related deaths and may be found in other forms of
Asphyxial deaths, such as heart attack, drowning, hanging, strangulation, etc… They must
be noted and photographed and reported to the pathologist during the prautopsy
interview.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VICE CONTROL

A. Alcohol ("booze", "grog")
 The #1 abused substance. Nearly a quarter of the population participates in binge drinking
(58.6 million), and 6.7% of the population reported heavy drinking (16.9 million). As a
depressant, alcohol produces impaired coordination and judgment, slurred speech, and
blackouts.
 The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.
 Fatal dose to an ordinary person – 200-500ml absolute alcohol for adults. 50 ml onwards
for children.
 Fatal Period – May appear 10 to 24 hours. But in some cases even take place even after
no. of days.

 Two types of Alcohol

1. Methyl – very poisonous and is not put in drinks.
2. Ethyl – Used in alcoholic drinks.

 Common Alcoholic Drinks

1. Beers – contain 2-6 % alcohol :ie: beer –ale-stout
2. Wines – contain about 10 % alcohol : ie: champagne, hock
3. Fortified Wines – Liquors that contain 10-20 % :ie: Port sherry
4. Spirits – Contains 40%-60% alcohol :ie; Whiskey, brandy, rum, gins

 Types of Drinkers
1. Occasional – drinks only on special occasion, takes only a few drinks per year
2. Frequent – Drinks at parties and social affairs.
3. Regular – May drink daily or consistently on weekends
4. Alcohol Dependent – Drinks to have goodtime, excessive drinking occurs.
5. Alcoholic – One who has lost control of his use of alcohol?

 Usual Motives for Drinking

1. Traditional – social and religious functions
2. Status – symbol of success and prestige
3. Dietary – dining incomplete without wine, integral part of today’s way of “gracious living”.
4. Social – Release tensions and inhibitions to tolerate and enjoy another’s company.
5. Shortcut to Adulthood – user unsure of maturity, drinks to prove himself.
6. Ritual – Fosters group feeling, cocktail parties, toasts made to brides, wishes for good health.
7. Path of least resistance – Doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to abstain so goes along with everyone
else.

Ss2K 32
 DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

 Effects of alcohol to the drinker and to different parts of the body

1. Euphoria
2. Muscular in-coordination
3. Respiratory Paralysis
4. CNS- slows down
5. Stomach and intestines – stomach sore
6. Liver – Turn alcohol into fat caused to its enlargement
7. Heat and Muscles – weaker and less effective
8. Blood – lowered and blood fats are increased.
9. Kidneys – Decrease the ability to get rid of waste products.
10. Sexual Functions- Decreased after excessive use.
11. General Health - Malnutrition
 Legal Control as a Volatile Substance
 PD 1619 – sale and offer to sell to minors of liquors or beverages with alcoholic content of
30% above is punishable by 6 months and 1 day to 4 years imprisonment and a fine of 600
hundred to 4000 pesos.
B. TOBACCO (Smoking Vice)
 Scientifically known as Nicotina Tabacum.
 Sniffing and Chewing of it was originated in North America and Europe.
 It was introduced by Christopher Columbus in Europe.
 It became then popular with the Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, and Scandinavians.
 THREE COMMON COMPONENTS:
1. Nicotine – addictive component. 1 -2 mg in one cigarette.
2. Carbon Monoxide – responsible for the shortness of breath of smokers.
3. Tar – Brownish viscous substance known to be cancer-causing.
 It also contains Acetone, Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen cyanide, Methane and
Benzopyrene.

C. GAMBLING VICE
 Gambling
 Wagering on games of events in which chance largely determines the outcome.
 It is a vice that is difficult to control.
 Pathological Gamblers – Gamblers continue to play despite of awareness that the odds are
against and despite of the fact that they are rarely or never repeat their success.

DRUG INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency)

 Created and 0raganized to conduct drug investigation.
 Initiate all investigations proceedings concerning drug cases absorbing all dug enforcement units of
other governmental agencies like NBI, PNP, Bureau of Customs and other agencies and bureaus
with drug investigation division.

Ss2K 33