Planer Machine:

A planer is a machine tool primarily designed to produce planes and flat surfaces by
a single-point cutting tool. A planer machine is just like a shaper machine but, it is
very large and massive and it is capable of machining heavy jobs which can’t be
done by the shaper. The main difference between planer and shaper is that In a
planer, the work is loaded over the table and reciprocates past the stationary cutting
tool and the feed is given by the lateral movement of the tool but In shaper, the ram
holding the tool reciprocates over the stationary work loaded over the table and feed
is given by the crosswise movement of the table.

Diagram:

Parts:
1. Bed: It is a box-like a cast iron casting with cross ribs. It is very large and
heavy in weight. The bed supports the column and all the moving parts of the
machine. The length of the bed is twice the length of the table, so that table
maybe slide on it. The bed is provided with accurately machined v-type or flat
type guideways for smooth sliding of the table. The bed houses the driving
mechanism for the table.
2. Table: The table is a rectangular cast iron casting having accurately
machined top surface to locate the work accurately. T-slots are provided on
the entire length of the table to hold the work properly and holes are drilled on
its surface in regular intervals for the poppets and stop pins. The planer may
have a single table or two separate tables mounted on guideways and
 reciprocates separately or together. Hydraulic bumpers are fitted at the end of
the bed to stop the table from overrunning and giving cushioning effect.
3. Housing or Column: Housing is a rigid box-like vertical structure fastened on
each side of the bed. They are also called as uprights. These are heavily
ribbed to take heavy load during cutting action. The front face of each housing
is provided with precision ways for sliding the cross rail up and down and also
having two side tool heads slide upon it. The column houses the cross rail
elevating screw, vertical and cross feed screws for tool heads. These screws
may be operated by power or hand.
4. Cross-Rail: It is a rigid cast-iron box-like casting that connects the two
housings. It provides additional rigidity to the machine. The cross rail may be
moved up and down on the face of the housing by means of elevating screw
and can be clamped at any position and it is parallel to the top surface of the
table. The front face of the cross rail provided with accurately machined
guideways for cross-feeding the tool head saddle by means of a screw.
5. Tool Head: The planner tool head is similar to that of the shaper in
construction and operation. Tool heads are mounted on a cross rail by a
saddle, which moves crosswise to give cross-feed. The swivel base is pivoted
on the saddles and it is graduated to 60 degrees on each side, so that which
can be tilted at any desired angle for machining angular surfaces by rotating
down feed screw. The apron is fixed on the face of the vertical slide which
may be swiveled up to 20 degrees on each side for giving the tool clearance
while machining vertical surfaces. The clipper block is hinged to the clipper
box to hold the tool post in which cutting tool is held firmly. The clipper block
lifts the tool head upward during return stroke to prevent the cutting edge of
the tool from dragging on the work. The tool heads can be moved up and
down by moving the cross rail up and down.

Planer Machine Types:

1. Double housing Planer Machine

2. Open Side Planer Machine
3. Pit Planer Machine
4. Edge or Plate Planer machine
5. Divided table Planer Machine