CONTENTS

Chapter Page
Title
No. No.

I Introduction 1

II Concepts, Theoretical Basis and Review of Literature 13

III Methodology of the Study 64

IV Special Economic Zones - An Overview 72

V Profile of the Study Area 131

VI Data Analysis and Interpretation of Results 168

VII Findings, Suggestions, Conclusions and Policy Implications 226

Bibliography B1

Annexures

(I) Questionnaire A1

(II) Special Economic Zone Laws and Acts A10

(III) Act Related to Labourers A12

(IV) Minimum Area Requirement Stipulated for A15

Various Categories of SEZ

(V) Processing and Non-Processing Areas for SEZs A16

(VI) Photos A17

Paper Publications
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. No.
3.1 Selection of sample respondents 69
4.1 Global Distribution of EPZs / SEZs 89
4.2 Growth of Zones Worldwide (1975-2011) 90
4.3 State-wise Distribution of Approved SEZs (as on 21.2.2012) 106
4.4 Sector-wise Distribution of Approved SEZs (as on 21.02.2012) 108
4.5 SEZs Exports and India’s Total Exports: A Comparison 109
4.6 Exports from SEZs in 2010-2011 110
4.7 Exports from New and Old SEZs (Central Govt.) 111
4.8 Exports from the SEZs during 2003-04 to 2010-11 112
4.9 Export Performance of the SEZs (` in Crores) 114
4.10 Sector-wise & Zone wise Product Sector Exports from 115
EOUs (Values in ` Crores) 2007-2008
4.11 Export performances of EOUs upto 2008-09 and percentages 118
of growth
4.12 Investments and Employments in SEZs in India as on 2006 119
and 2011
4.13 State-wise Investment in SEZs (as on March 31, 2008) 120
4.14 Government and Private Investments made in SEZs 122
4.15 Issues of the Indian Zones, compared to Chinese Zones 125
4.16 Sizes of the Indian Special Economic Zones, compared to 126
Chinese Special Economic Zones
4.17 Operational and Approved Special Economic Zones in Kerala 128
4.18 Special Status of SEZs 132

5.1 Cochin at a Glance 133

5.2 CSEZ – at a glance 144
5.3 Production Units in CSEZ 151
5.4 Exports from CSEZ (2005-2011) 152
5.5 Sector-wise CSEZ Export from EOUs during the year 2007 157
5.6 Industry-wise export performance of units in CSEZ 158

6.1 Gender Distribution of Respondents 169

6.2 Age-Wise Distribution of Respondents 170
6.3 Educational Status of the Respondents 171
6.4 Chi-square test for Finding the association between 172
Education Status and Age of the respondents in CSEZ
6.5 Religions and Communities of the Respondents 173
6.6 Chi-square test for finding the association between in 174
Community and Religion of the respondents in CSEZ
6.7 Marital Status of the Respondents 175
6.8 Nativity Status of Respondents 176
6.9 Family Systems of Respondents 177
6.10 Sizes of Families of Respondents 178
6.11 Housing Categories and Electrification 179
6.12 Levels of Monthly House Rent 181
6.13 Working Sections and Nature of the Employment 182
6.14 Chi-square Test Relating Different Categories of workers 185
6.15 Chi-square Test Relating jobs and Nature of Work 186
6.16 Chi-square Test between jobs of women workers and 187
different types business units
6.17 Chi-square test for finding the association between the 188
nature of work in the business units and gender of the
respondents in CSEZ
6.18 Levels of Work Experience Gained by Respondents 189
6.19 Days of Employment per Month 190
6.20 Daily Working Hours and Overtime Work 191
6.21 Overtime Availed by Respondents in a Month 192
6.22 Distance Travelled from Residence to Work Spot 193
6.23 Per Day Wage Structure 194
6.24 Monthly Wage Patterns of Respondents 195
6.25 Chi-square Test relating monthly wage and job type 196
6.26 Household Expenditures of Respondents 197
6.27 Monthly Expenditure Patterns of Respondent Households 198
6.28 Levels of Monthly Savings by Respondents 199
6.29 Major Avenues of Savings by Respondents 200
6.30 Amounts Saved in Different Avenues 201
6.31 Ranking of Purposes for Savings 202
6.32 Sources of Debt Raised by Respondents 203
6.33 Amounts Borrowed by Respondents 204
6.34 Ranking of General Problems Encountered by Respondents 205
6.35 Ranking of Problems faced by the Respondents in the Work 207
Spots
6.36 Occupational Health Problems of Respondents 208
6.37 Medical Treatment Facilities Available to Respondents 210
6.38 Major Causes of Industrial Conflicts 211
6.39 Industrial Conflict Settlement Processes 212
6.40 Opinions of Respondents on Availability of Facilities 213
6.41 Membership in the Trade Union 214
6.42 Lengths of Association Membership of Respondents 215
6.43 Benefits and Incentives Availed by Regular Workers 216
6.44 Levels of Awareness on Government Schemes 218
6.45 Overall Levels of Satisfaction of Respondents 219
6.46 Oneway ANOVA Different between Job aspects and 221
Education Qualification of the respondents of Labourers in
CSEZ
6.47 Socio-economic Well Being Index of Labourers 223
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Title
No. No.

4.1 Exports from the functioning SEZs during 2003-04 to 2010-11 113

4.2 State-wise Investment in SEZs (As on March 31, 2008) 121

6.1 Housing Categories and Electrification 180

6.2 Working Sections and Nature of the Employment 184

6.3 Occupational Health Problems of Respondents 209

6.4 Benefits and Incentives Availed by Regular Workers 217

 LIST OF MAPS
S. Page
Title
No. No.

1. Location map of Indian Special Economic Zones 102

2. Location Map of Cochin 134

3. Location map of Cochin Special Economic Zone 143