Cognitive approach (1930)

El Cognoscitivismo tiene sus raíces históricas en Inglaterra

hacia los años 30, cuando se inician los estudios sobre la percepción,
el pensamiento y otros procesos cognitivos. También Edward
Tolman, en la misma época, en los E.E.U.U. realiza estudios sobre
el desarrollo de las construcciones cognoscitivas.

Posteriormente se sumaron otros exponentes muy importantes,

cómo son: David Ausubel y Jerome S. Bruner entre otros.

Benjamín Bloom y un grupo de educadores norteamericanos,

en los años 50, realizaron la taxonomía de los objetivos de
aprendizaje cognoscitivo que fue uno de los primeros aportes a la
educación de ésta teoría o modelo. Otros fueron los aportes de David
Ausubel con la teoría del aprendizaje significativo y la de Jerome S.
Bruner con la Teoría del aprendizaje por descubrimiento.
Cognitive learning is a way of learning that helps students use their
brains more effectively. This method of learning is active, constructive,
and long-lasting. It encourages students to fully engage in the learning
process so learning, thinking, and remembering get easier.

Cognitive learning isn’t about memorization or repetition. It’s about

developing true understanding; it’s about learning how to learn.

Cognitive Learning In The Classroom

cognitive teaching strategies focus on meaningful learning. It

doesn’t focus on memorization or repetition. Teachers teach students
the fundamentals of lifelong learning. Students will learn skills and
strategies that will help him or her on the way to better grades,
including how to think critically and how to make lasting
connections between topics.
Cognitive learning helps students learn effectively and ensures that the
concepts learned in class are understood, not just memorized.

Examples of cognitive learning strategies include:

 Asking students to reflect on their experience

 Helping students find new solutions to problems
 Encouraging discussions about what is being taught
 Helping students explore and understand how ideas are connected
 Asking students to justify and explain their thinking

Factors of cognitive learning

Comprehension
Building cognitive learning skills teaches students
how to learn more effectively. Students learn to
do more than repeat what they have learned.
They understand the “why” behind a topic and
how it fits into a larger picture.
Memory
Unlike drill-and-kill memorization methods,
cognitive learning helps students gain a deeper
understanding of a subject. This improves recall
in the long run, so students can build upon past
knowledge.

Application
The cognitive learning approach gives students
the chance to reflect on what they are learning
and how it applies to other material. This helps
students develop problem-solving skills they
need to create new connections between what
they are learning.

Plurilinguism