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FALLSEM2019-20 ECE1003 TH VL2019201000575 Reference Material I 04-Sep-2019 Lecture 16 19 PDF
FALLSEM2019-20 ECE1003 TH VL2019201000575 Reference Material I 04-Sep-2019 Lecture 16 19 PDF
FALLSEM2019-20 ECE1003 TH VL2019201000575 Reference Material I 04-Sep-2019 Lecture 16 19 PDF
Electrostatics – VIII
Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
Pre-requisite ? – If the fields are known on one side of the interface, and the
material parameters are known, then field can be evaluated on the other side of
interface using boundary conditions
What kind of material interfaces do we have ?
Dielectric – Dielectric Maxwell’s
Conductor – Dielectric Equations
Conductor – free space
Dielectric – free space
What conditions does the electric What components they have ?
fields satisfy ? Et, Dt, En, Dn
E dL 0 & D dS Q
C S
v Tangential and Normal components
1
Dielectric-Dielectric Interface
Consider an interface formed by two different dielectrics of permittivity 1 =
0r1 & 2 = 0r2
The electric fields on either side can be
written as
1
E1 = E1t + E1n & E2 = E2t + E2n
E1 E1n a Now taking the closed loop integral
E1t b
h
h
E2n
E2t
E2
d w
c E dL 0 E1t w E1n
abcda
2
h h h
2 E2t w E2 n E1n E2 n
2 2 2
E1t E2t w 0
Condition 1
E1t E2t The tangential component of E-field is continuous across the
interface 2
Dielectric-Dielectric Interface
Likewise the electric flux density can be written as D1t = 1 E1t & D2t = 2 E2t
Condition 2 1
The tangential component of D
D1t D2t is discontinuous across the
interface
D1 D1n
1 2 D1t S
h
Now applying Gauss’s law across the interface, D2t
D2n D2
the contribution from sides is zero (h = 0), we
have
Q = s S = D1n S – D2n S 2
Condition 3 The normal components of electric flux are
D1n D2 n s discontinuous and equal to the charge present at the
interface
Condition 4
The normal components of E-field are discontinuous at
1 E1n 2 E2 n the interface 3
Dielectric-Dielectric Interface
If 1 is the angle E1 & D1 make with the normal of material 1 and 2 the angle
of E2 & D2 with normal of material 2, then
tan 1 r1
Law of refraction of electric field at the boundary free of
tan 2 r 2 charge. Where 1 = r1 0 & 2 = r2 0
4
Conductor-Dielectric Interface
We follow same procedure as previous case but consider one of the
material as perfect conductor with E, = 0, and =
h = r 0
E dL 0 Et w En
abcda
2 En E
a
h h h Et b
0 0 w 0 En h
2 2 2 d w
Et 0 as h 0 c
Dt 0 Et 0 & Dn 0 En s
The dielectric - free space interface may be considered similar to dielectric -
dielectric interface with 1 = 0 substituted in the conditions therein
Problem
Two homogenous, isotropic dielectrics meet on plane z = 0. For z>0, r1 = 4 and
for z < 0, r2 = 3. A uniform electric field E1 = 5ax – 2ay + 3az kV/m exists for z
0, Find
(a) E2 for z 0
(b) The angles E1 & E2 make with the interface
(c) The energy densities in both medium and
(d) The energy within a cube of side 2 m centered at (3,4,-5)
6