Submi

tt
edt
o:
Dr
.Nav
eed
Submi
tt
edby
:

BSPhy
sics8thsemest
er

Subj
ect
:
Nucl
earphy
sicsI
I

1.Nucl earreact i
oninvol
vest
hepart
icl
esi
nthe
(a)electroncl oud
(b)neut ron
(c)nucl eus
(d)hal f
-li
fe
2.Thepar ti
clesinvolv
edinbr
eaki
ngandformi
ngofbondar
e
(a)electron
(b)pr oton
 (c)neut r on
(d)al loft hese
3.Pr obabi lityint eract i
oni srel
atedtocrosssectionby
(a)byi nv ersr el ati
on
(b)di rectr elat ion
(c)aandbbot h
(d)noneoft hese
4.IfQv aluei sl arget hent hereacti
onwi ll
be
( a)faster
(b)sl ower
(c)moder ate
(d)noneoft hese
5.Conv ersi onofanucl eusi ntoanothernucleusiscalled
(a)Nucl earr eact i
on
( b)transmut ationr eact i
on
(c)nucl earscat tering
(d)aandbbot h
6.Ifnucl eusi nt eractwi theachot herwithoutchangingt henatur
eofanynucl
i
det
hen
processi scal l
ed
( a)Nucl earscat t
er i
ng
(b)nucl earr eact ion
(c)t ransmut at ionr eaction
(d)noneoft hese
7.Ener gyr equi redf oranucl eoninmedi um energyreactioni
s
(a) <100Mev
( b)>100Mev
(c)=100
(d)noneoft hese
8.Firstpar ticl
eaccel eratorwasbui l
tinthefoll
owingy ear
( a)1930
(b)1940
(c)1935
(d)1950
9.Thepr ocessofdi sintegrati
onofcompoundnucl eusi scal
led
(a)Ent rancechannel
(b)exi tchannel
(c)channel
(d)aandcbot h
10.Themeanl ifeofacompoundnucl eusisgivenby
-
22 -
21
(a)10 t o10 s
 (b)10-20t o10-21s
(c)10-22t o10-20s
(d)noneoft hese
11.Ifener gyi sconcent rat
edonasi gnalnucleont henemitt
edraysar
e
(a)bet apar t
icles
(b)alphapar t
icles
(c)gammar ay s
(d)aandcbot h
12.Thedecayofcompoundnucl eusdependson
(a)ener gy
(b)angul armoment um
(c)par i
t y
(d)alloft hese
13.Compoundt heor ycanbeappl i
edforthenucl ei
(a)heav y
(b)li
ght
(c)aandbbot h
(d)noneoft hese
14.Gammar aysar eemi tt
eddur ingthetransit
ionof
(a)nucleons
(b)elect rons
(c)prot ons
(d)alloft hese
15.Ener gyl evelsofnucl eonsaremeasur edin
(a)el
ect ronv olt
(b)kiloel ectronv olt
(c)megael ect r
onv ol t
(d)noneoft hese
16.Inboundedener gyl evelnucleusisdeexci tedbytheemi ssi
onof
(a)prot on
(b)gammar ay s
(c)neut ron
(d)alphapar ticle
17.Themi ni mum ener gyr equi
redf orareacti
ont ooccurisknownis
(a)threshol dener gy
(b)criti
cal ener gy
(c)exci tati
onener gy
(d)aandbbot h
18.Forheav ernucl euswi thZ>90, thecrit
icalenergyforevennucl
eusisabout
(a)4t o6MeV
 (
b)3t o5MeV
(
c)4t o5MeV
(
d)noneoft hese
19.Q-valueofanucl earreacti
onisthef ol
l
owingenergy
(
a)absor bedener gy
(
b)releasedener gy
(
c)aandbbot h
(
d)noneoft hese
20.I
ftheQ- valuei snegat i
vethenkineti
cenergyofproducti
s
(
a)<t hek. Eofr eactance
(
b)>t hek. Eofr eactance
(
c)equal tothek. Eofreactance
(
d)noneoft hese
21.Thenucl earcrosssect ionisdefinedby
(
a) =I /R
(
b) =R/ I
(
c) =2R/ I
(
d)noneoft hese
22.i
fthel ev elwidthofast at
ei sl
argethenthestat
ewi l
lbe
(
a)poor l
ydef i
ned
(
b)shar plydef i
ned
(
c)nor mal lydef ined
(
d)noneoft hese
23.Parit
yi sequal to
1
(
a)-10
(
b)-101
(
c)- 11
(
d)noneoft hese
24.thepar i
tymai ntainevennumberof1si s
(
a)Ev enpar i
ty

(
b)Oddpar
it
y

(
c)Ev
enandoddbot
h

(
d)Noneoft
hese

25.I
sospinisalsocal
l
ed
(
a)Isobari
cspin

(
b)I
sot
opi
cspi
n
 (
c)Bot
haandb

(
d)Al
l

26.Coherentbehav
iorofnucl
eusisemphasizedby
(
a)Liquiddropmodel
(
b)Atomi cmodel
(
c)Collect
ivemodel
(
d)Shellmodel
26.I
nthecaseofar gon,t
hefi
rstexci
tedst
ateis
+
(
a)3

b)2+
(

c)2-
(

(
d)0

27.Thepair
ingenergyi
sassoci
atedwi
th
(
a)Dif
ferentki
ndofnucl
eons

(
a)Sameki
ndofnucl
eons

(
c)Exactat
omi
cnumber

(
d)Al
l

28.I ftheener
gyl
evel
ofi
nci
dentpar
ti
cleandt
argetpar
ti
clei
sconsi
deswi
theachot
her
thani ti
s
(a)Resonance

(
b)I
sot
ropi
c

(
c)Equi
l
ibr
ium

(
d)St
ati
cst
ate

29.Bri
etWignerfor
mularelat
est hecr
osssect
ionofnucl
earr
eacti
onwi t
h
(
a)Eofi
ncidentpart
icl
e
(
b)Eofemi t
tedparti
cle
(
c)aandbbot h
(
d)noneofthese
30.I
ftheenergyofinci
dentpart
iclewi
thanyst
ateofnucl
eusthenprocessi
scal
l
ed
 (
a) atomicresonance
(b)nuclearresonance
(
c)r esonance
(
d)aandcbot h
31.Opt i
calmodel isusedtodealwi
thscatt
eri
ngpr
ocesswhenf
oll
owi
ngpr
ocessi
s
i
nvolved
(a)absor pt
ion
(b)emi tti
ng
(c)shar i
ng
(d) al l
ofthese
32.Inopt i
calmodel ,weusefol
l
owingpotenti
al
(a)Real potential
(b)Compl expot enti
al
(c)aandbbot h
(d)noneoft hese

33.Inwav efunctionѰ=eihkthevalueofkis
(a)k=4π/ λ
(b)k=2π/ λ
(c)k=3π/ λ
(d)k=5π/ λ
34.Decr easi ngampl it
udei ndi
cate
(
a)di storti
on
(
b)absor pti
on
(
c)hi gherener gy
(
d)l owerener gy
35.Accor dingtot heshellmodel thedepthofpotent
ial
welli
s
(a)~30MeV
(b)~40MeV
(c)~35MeV
(d)~50MeV
36.Thebehav iorofcrosssect i
onwi thener
gydependon
(
a) sizeoft otal wi
dth
(
b) spaci ngb/ wener gylevel
(c)aandbbot h
(
d) alloft hese
37.Bef orecol li
sioninci
dentpar t
iclestayi
nvir
tualst
atefort
het
ime
-32
(
a) 10 s
(
b) 10-22s
 (
c)10-12s
(
d)10-11s

38.Ifscat teri
ngiselasti
cthenl
evelwidt
hofaandbar er
elat
edas
(
a) ſ
a<ſ b

(
b)ſ a>ſ b

(c)ſa=ſ b

(
d)al l ofthese
39.Maxi mum cr osssecti
onincaseofel
ast
icscat
ter
ingi
sgivenby
2
(a)λ( 2l +1)/
π
2
(b)λ( 3l+1)/π
2
(c)λ( 2l+3)/π
2
(d)λ( 4l+1)/π

40.thev
alueofgi
sequalto
-
2
a)9.
81ms 81ms-1
b)9. 1ms-2 d)Noneoft
c)98. hese

41.1eVi sequal t ot he
-
16
a)1.610 j b)1. 610-19j c)1. 10107j d)Al lofthese
42.Massoft heel ectroni s
a) 9.1110-31kg b)1. 67310-27kg c)1. 67510-27kg d)None
43.1gr am mol ecul eatSTPoccupi es
a)20l it
er b)21l i
ter c)22. 4l i
ter d)23. 4li
ter
44.Ry dber gconst antisequal tothe
-16 -19
a)1.610 j b)1. 610 j c)1. 10107m-1 d)Al l
oft hese
45.In1y eart ot al secondsi s
a)3.16106s b)3. 16107s c)3. 16108s 16109s
d)3.
46.Planckconst anthi s
-34
a)6.62610 j s b)4. 13610-15eVs c)bot ha&b d)None
47.Bohrmagnet oni sisr epresent edby
a)µb b)µN c) R d)mb
48.unifiedat omi cmassuni t( amu)i sequal t
o
-
27 -19
a)1.6610 kg b)1. 610 kg c)3. 16107kg d)1.01105kg
49.Speedofl i
ghti nf r
eespacei s
8 -1 8 -
2
a)310ms b)310ms c)9.2710-24 d)None
50.1at mospher ei sequal t
o
-27
a)1.6610 kg b)1. 610-19kg c)3. 16107kg d)1. 01105Nm-2

51.
Thescat
ter
ingprocessi
sdeal
tbyt
hehel
poft
he
(
a)Scat
teri
ngmodel
 (
b)Shel
lmodel
(
c)Physical
model
(
d)Opti
calmodel
52.
Areact
iont
hathave–veqv al
uesi
scal
l
ed,
(
a)Exot
hermicr
eact
ion

(
b)Endot
her
micr
eact
ion

(
c)Nonel
ast
icr
eact
ion

(
d)El
ast
icr
eact
ion

53.El
ect
ronsar
eposi
ti
oned

(
a)i
nsi
det
henucl
eus

(
b)out
sidet
henucl
eus

(
c)bot
hinsi
deandout
sidet
henucl
eus

(
d)atal
loft
heabov
elocat
ions

54.MassNumberi
sdef
inedas:

(
a)t
henumberofprot
onsplust
henumberofneut
ronsi
nanucl
eus
(
a)t
henumberofneut
ronsi
nanucl
eus

(
b)t
hecompl
ementoft
heAt
omi
cNumber

(
c)t
henumberofpr
otonsi
nanucl
eus

55.Anat
om canbeconsi
der
edasconsi
sti
ngmost
lyof
:

(
a)I
sot
opes

(
b)Empt
yspaces

(
c)Wat
er

(
d)neut
rons

56.Foranat
om t
obeel
ect
ri
cal
l
yneut
ral
,thenumberof

(
a)pr
otonsequal
sthenumberofel
ect
rons

(
b)neut
ronsequal
sthenumberofel
ect
rons
 (
c)pr
otonsequal
sthenumberofneut
rons

(
c)pr
otonsequal
sthenumberofnucl
eons

57.Theat
omi
cnumberi
sequi
val
entt
owhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng?

(
a)Thenumberofneut
ronsi
ntheat
om

(
b)Thenumberofpr
otonsi
ntheat
om

(
c)Thenumberofnucl
eonsi
ntheat
om

(
d)Thenumberof–par
ti
clesi
ntheat
om

58.Whi
chofthefol
l
owi
ngpar
ti
cleshast
hesmal
l
estmass?
(
a)Proton

(
b)El
ect
ron

(
d)Neut
ron

(
d)Nucl
eon

59.Howmanyneut
ronsar
ei he12
nt 6Cat
om ?

(
a)12

(
b)6

(
c)18

(
d)9
A
60.Anunknownchemical
elementi
spr
esent
edbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngf
ormul
a:ZX.Whati
s
thenameofindexZ?

(
a)At
omi
cmassnumber

(
b)At
omi
cnumber

(
d)Pr
inci
plequant
um number

(
d)Or
bit
alquant
um number

61.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
scor
rectf
ort
henumberofneut
ronsi
nthenucl
eus?

(
a)N=A–Z
 (
b)N=Z–A

(
c)N=Z+A

(
d)N=Z

62.Neut
roni
spr
oduceddur
ingt
he

(
a)f
issi
onr
eact
ion

(
b)chemi
cal
react
ion

(
c)bot
haandb

(
d)noneoft
hese

63.Whi
choft
hepar
ti
cl
eisessent
ial
fort
hepr
oduct
ionnucl
earpower

(
a)neut
ron

(
b)pr
oton

(
c)el
ect
ron

(
d)al
loft
hese

64.Neut ronwasdi scov eredin

(a)
1930 ( b)1932 ( c) 1935 ( d)1929
65.Pr otonwasdi scov eredby
(a)
jameschadwi ck ( b)newt on ( c)Bohr( d)Ruther f
ord
66.Pr otonwasdi scov eredin
(a)
1930 ( b)1917 ( c) 1935 ( d)1929
66.Elect ronwasdi scov eredin
(a)
1930 ( b)1897 ( c) 1935 ( d)1929
67.Elect ronwasdi scov eredby
(a)
jameschadwi ck ( b)newt on ( c)Bohr( d)Thompson
68.Accor di
ngt oRut herfordat om wasconsistof
(a)
onlyel ectron (b)massi venucleus ( c)onlyproton( d)none
69.Sizeofel ectroncloudar oundnucleusis
(a)
smal l ( b)muchl argerthannucleus ( c)negli
gible ( d)all
70.Rut her f
ordsay sthatnucl eusissurroundedby
(a)
cloudofpr otons ( b)cloudofneut ron (c)cloudofel ectron(d)None
(a)el
ectron ( b)prot on ( c)a&b ( d)neutron
71.I
fincidentandpr oductpr oject
il
eisequal toeachot her
a)Scat t
er i
ng b)X- rays c)Nucl earreacti
on d)Al lofthese
72.Lowerenergyofanucl eusiscalled
a)ori
ginalstateb)Exci tedstate c)Groundstated)Noneofthese
.
73Tr ansi
ti
onofNucl eonsemi tt
ed
a)Alpha-part
icleb)Bet a-par
t i
clec)Gamma-r ay
sd)X-ray
s
74.Thenucleushashi ghenergylevelof
a)Below2MeV b)2- 6MeV c)>6Mev d)<6MeV
75.Lowener gyl
ev elhas
a)Greaterspaci ngb)l essspacing c)equalspaci
ngd)None

76.
Themini
mum energyrequi
redt
ooccuranr eact
ioni
s
a)Exci
tati
onener
gy b)Groundstat
eenergy
c)t
hreshol
denergy d)Alloft
hese

77.availabl
eenergyi
sdependsupont he
a)i nit
ialK.E b) final
K.E c) init
ial
P.E d)finalP.
E
78.A( n)_ _
____
_hasapositi
vechargeandmass.
a.Neutronb.El
ectr
onc)Pr otond.Isot
opee.Nucl
eus

79.
Thecent
erpor
ti
onofanatom i
scal
l
ed
a(
n) .a.El
ect
ron b.bondc)
.nucl
eusd.or
bit
ale.neut
ron

80..Eachel
ementisdefi
nedbythenumberof
a.At
omsb.Isotopesc.Neut
ronsd)
.Prot
onse.Nucl
ei.

81. Theat omi cnumberofanat om i sbasedupont henumberof :

a.Nucl eusb.El ectronsc.Neut r
onsd) .protonse.pr ot onsandneut rons
82.Whyweneedneut ronsour ce.
(a)Tost ar tfission( b)Tost artf ussi on( c)Emi tneut ron( d)Absorbedneut r
on
83, Neut ronsour cecanbechar act erizedbynumber soff actor
(a)Int ensi ty( b)Ener gydi stri
but ion( c)Angul ardistri
bution( d)Allofthese
84.Lar geneut r
onsour ce
(a)Nucl earr eact or( b)Fusi on( c)Spal l
ation(d)Al lofthese
85.Medi um neut r
onsour ce
(a)Phot of i
ssi on( b)Lighti onaccel er ator( c)Bot h( d)Noneoft hese
86.Smal lneut r
onsour ce
(a)Neut rongener ator( b)Radi oisot opessour ce( c)bot h( d)noneoft hese
87.Mostsi gnificantneut r onsour cei s
(a)Lar geneut ronsour ce( b)Smal l neut ronsour ce( c)medi um neutr
onsour ce(d)All
of
these
88.Ur ani um 235r eleaseener gydur ingf i
ssionr eaction
(a)180Mev( b)190Mev( c)200Mev( d)210Mev
89.Nucl earf usi oni sar eact i
oni nwhi cht woormor enucl ei coll
i
edeat
(a)v eryhi ghener gy(b)Smal l ener gy( c)Medi um ener gy( d)highenergy
90.TheTer m spal lati
oni sappl i
edt oasequenceofev entst hattakeplaceif
target ………………………ar ebombar dedwi thpar t
iclesofde- Br ogil
ewav elengthwhichis
shor tert hanl i
neardi mensi onsofnucl eus.
 a)Nucl
ei b)At
om c)El
ect
ron d)Phot
on

91.De- Brogi
lewavel
engthis…………………
2 2 2 2
a)λ= h b)λ = h c)λ=1 h d)λ=2 h
4mE 2mE f2mE f2mE
Ans=b)
92.Sy nchrotr
onisaparticl
eaccel
er at
orwhichaccel
erat
et hepar
ti
clein…………….
pat
h
ti
l
litsener gyandveloci
tyrequi
redf orcol
l
isi
onofparti
cles.
a)Li near b)Hori
zontal c)Cir
cul
ar d)All

93.……………………ar eemitt
edfrom t
hepr
imar
ysour
cei
ntothesy
nchr
otr
on.
a)Neut
ron b)Elect
rons c)Bot
ha)&b) d)Pr
oton

94.Whent heener gyofaccel eratedpar ti

clesisl esst hecol l
isionoccur swith
Nucleusbutwhent heener gyismor et hecol li
sionoccur swi th…………. .
a)Pr oton b)Neut ron c)El ect ron d)bot ha)&b)
95.Spal l
ati
onsour cesar e……………. .
fluxsour cesi nwhi chaccel eratedpr ot
onhita
heavyt ar
getmat erial
,causi ngtheemi ssionofneut ron.
a)Hi gh b)Medi um c)Low d)Negl igibl
e
96.Ther eact i
onoccuratcer tainthreshol dofi ncidentpar t
iclesener gythatis…………….
a)1- 15MeVb)5- 15 MeV c)10- 15MeVd)12- 15MeV
97.Gamma hav ea…………….ener gyt hant herestneut ronsbi ndingener gythat’
swhyit
hel
psi nemi ssionofneut ron.
a)Gr eat er b)Medi um c)Less d)All ofthese
98.Br emssst rahlung/ Photofissionist hetypeof …………………….neut ronsources.
a)Lar ge b)Medi um c)Smal l d)None
99.Asour ceof………………. .neutrons/ secondi npr oducedi nshor tpulsegap.(i.
e1
pulse<5μsec) .
a)1010 b)1011 c)1012 d)1013
100.LightAt omi c…………………. .element sar eusedi nBr emssst rahl ung/Photofi
ssi
on.
a)At omi cmass b)Atomi cNumberc)at omi cwei ght d) Botha)&c)

101.Whyphotofi
ssi
oniscal
l
edphot
ofi
ssi
on
a)Itusesgammar ay
s
b)Itusesphot
ons
c)Itusesneut
rons
d)Both(a)and(b)

102.Af
terpassingt
hrought
heaccel
erat
or,
theener
gyoft
heoft
hepar
ti
cle
a)Increases
b)decreases
 c)Remai
nssame
d)None

103.I
nsmallneut
ronsources,
neut
ronar
epr
oducedi
nfusi
onof
a)Prot
onandel ect
ron
b)Al
phaandbet a
c)Deuteri
um andtri
ti
um
d)None

105.Neut
rongenerat
ori
s__
___
___
___
___
___sour
ceofneut
rons
a)Continuous
b)Discr
ete
c)Both
d)None

106.(
α,n)hereout
puti
s
a)Alpha
b)Neutron
c)Photon
d)Gammar ay
s

107.Thebombardmentofber y
ll
ium byαpar
ti
clesl
eadst
otherpr
oduct
ionofneut
ronsi
s
process
a)Endothermicreact
ion
b)Exothermicreacti
on
c)Chainreacti
on
d)Both(a)and( c)

107.Radi
oisot
opessour
ce(
α,n)i
s__
___
___
___
___
_sour
ceofneut
ron
a)Weak
b)Strong
c)Expensive
d)None

108.21H +31H 4
He+_
2 ___
___+17.
6Mev
a)El ectr
on
b)Pr oton
c)Neut r
on
d)None

109.DoesNeutr
onhav
eanydi
rectdet
ect
ion?
a)Yes
b)No
c)May beboth
 d)Noneoft heabov e
110.Whi chpr ocessst at est hatNeutr
oni nt
eract
swiththenucl
ide/Nucl
eust oproducea
secondar ychar gedpar ticles?
a)Det ect ionPr ocess
b)Fi ssi onpr ocess
c)Fusi onpr ocess
d)Noneoft heabov e
111.Triti
um i spr oducedf or:
Medi cal sour ce
a)Weaponpr ogr ams
b)Aboost erf ornucl earweapons
c)Bot hbandc
112.Howmuchener gyi sr el
easedinthehelium-3neut
ronproport
ionalcounter
s?
3 3
n +2He P +1H +?
a)520KeV
b)765KeV
c)453KeV
d)10MeV
113.TheSuppl yofHel ium- 3is:
a)I nbul k
b)Li mi tedorr are
c)Nei theri nbul knorr are
d)Al loft heabov e
114.I
nNeut ronDet ect or s,QuenchGasi sused:
a)Tor eleaseener gy
b)Cont rolthei oni zat i
on
c)Absor bst heel ect rons
d)Al loft heabov e
115.I
nneut rongasf i
lleddet ector
s,whichgaseshavethehighcrosssection(Neutr
on
Capture)?
a)Bor ont ri
-Flour idegas
b)Li thium- 6gas
c)Hel ium- 3gas
d)Al l oft heabov e

116.Whichofthef oll
owingi snotatypeofradi
ati
ondetectors?
a)GeigerMul lerCount er
b)Gasf i
ll
edpr oporti
onal count
er
c)Semi conduct ordet ector
d)Flameemi ssiondet ector
117.Whattypeofdet ectorisbasedoni oni
zati
onofgasmol ecul
esbyradi
ati
ons,
fol
lowedbycollectionofi onpai r
saschargeorcurr
entwiththeappl
icat
ionofavol
tage
betweentwoelect rodes?
a)GM detector
b)Gasf i
ll
eddet ector
 c)Semi Conductordetector
d)Noneoft heabov e
118.I
ngasf i
ll
eddet ector
s,Posit
ivei
onsar
eat
tract
edt
o:
a)NegativeElectrode(Cathode)
b)Posit
iveElectrode(Anode)
c)Neutr
al
d)Bothaandb

119.Dual chamber sar eusedf ormeasureof

Neut ron
a.Pr ot on
b.El ect ron
c.Posi tron
120.Inioni zat i
onchamber ,
v apor sarebombardedwit
hfastmovi
ng
a.El ect ron
b.Pr ot on
c.Neut ron
d.Noneoft hese
123.Pul sehei ghtispr opor t
ional tothenumberofionsthatwasr
esul
ti
ngf
rom
i
nteractionof
a.Char gedpar t
icles
b.Unchar gedpar ti
cles
c.I ons
d.Noneoft hese
124.Inpr opor ti
onal count erel ectr
onsareproducedduetothe
Elect ricf i
eld
Ioni zat ion
Ener gy
None
125.I
npr opor tionalcount ersi gnal i
spropor
tiontot
he
Amountofi onizat i
on
Ener gyofr ecoilingpr oton
Bot haandb
None
126.Phosphori sasol idmat erialthatemit
s
Elect rons
Pr otons
Neut rons
Light
127.I
nsci ntillatorcount eratomsar eioni
zedalong
Cur v e
Line
Tr ack
Noneoft hese
128.I
nter act ionofi oni zationr adiati
onproduces
Ul tr
av i
ol etli
ght
 Visiblelight
Bothaandb
Noneoft hese
129.
Ift
hei ncidentneut r
onsar
escat
ter
edbyt
hehy
drogennucl
eust
heni
tpr
oduces
Recoi lneut r
on
Recoi lproton
Recoi lpositron
Recoi lelectron
130.
Scinti
ll
at i
oni sdetect
edby
Oper ation
Signal s
Light
Phot omul t
ipli
er
131.I
onizationcur renti
ndi
cat
es
Rev elati
onr ate
Exposur erate
Bothaandb
Detect i
onr ate

132.Thenumberofpul sesatanodeperuni tt
imegi vesinformationabout
a)Intensi t
yofr adiation
b)Ener gyofr adi ati
on
c)Frequencyofr adi ation
d)Aandb
133.Sci
ntil
lationcount ercandet ect
a)Bet ar ays
b)Gammar ays
c)X-ray s
d)All oft hese
134.Sci
ntil
lationcount eri sal argeflatcr
ystal
ofwhi choff oll
owingmat eri
al
a)Sodi um chl or i
de
b)Sodi um i odi de
c)Sodi um sul phate
d) Noneot hese
135.Toconv er tener gyofr adiat
ioni nt
oli
ghtfl
ashest heef f
ici
encyshoul dbe
a)Hi gh
b)Low
c)Moder ate
d)Noneoft hese
136.I
nscint i
llator,gammar ayspr oducedenergeti
celect
r onsby
a)Phot oelectricef fect
b)Compt onef fect
c)Pai rpr oduct ion
d)All oft hese
137Insemi conduct ordet ect orenergyprovi
dedt oelect
ronhol epairi
s
a)4eVt o5eV
 b)3eVt o4eV
c)5eVt o7eV
d)10eVt o15e
138.Semiconduct ordetectoroperatesatfoll
owingvol
tage
a)Highv ol
tage
b)Lowv oltage
c)Aandb
d)Moder atevoltage
139.Si
li
condi odebaseddet ectorpart
icl
esgeneratedi
n
a)Neut r
oni nducedr eacti
on
b)Pr otoninducedr eaction
c)Elect r
oni nduced
d)Al lofthese
140.I
nsemi conduct ordetectorsthep-njuncti
onis
a)For war dbiased
b)Rev eresbi ased
c)Bot hf orwardandr everse
d)Al lofthese

141.Gasdet ectorsareef f
ici
entonlyfor.
..
..
..
..
..
.neutrons.
a)lowener gy
b)Medi um ener gy
c)Highener gy
d)Ver yhighener gy
142.Highener gyneut r
onshav e..
..
..
..
..
..cr
osssect i
on.
a)Smal lcapture
b)verysmal lcapt ur
e
c)Highcapt ure
d)Ver yhighcapt ure
143.Amedi um t hatreducesthespeedoff astneutronsiscall
edneut
ron..
..
..
a)Condenser
b)Cool ant
c)Moder ator
d)Conduct or
144.Duet oslowdownt heneutr
ons,theprobabili
tyofint
eract
ioni
s..
..
..
a)Increase
b)Decr ease
c)Remai nsame
d)Noneoft hem
145.Mostcommonl yusedmoder atoris..
..
..
.
a)Lightwat er
b)Hy drogen
c)deut eri
um
d)Noneoft hem
146.Amoder atorisusedi nnucl
earreactorinorderto?
a)Accel eratetheneut rons
b)Sl
owdownt hespeedoft
heneutrons
c)I
ncreasethenumberofelecti
ons
d)Decreasethenumberofelect
rons
c)Noneoft hese
147.
Whi chofthefoll
owingf
uelmateri
aloccur
rednat
ural
l
y?

a)U235
b)Pu239
c)Pu241
d)U-233
148.Whi choft hef ollowi ngi snotusedasmoder at
or?
a)wat er
b)heav ywat er
c)graphi te
d)boron
149.Fuel foranucl earr eact or(thermal)i
s__ _
_____
___
__
a)Urani um
b)Plutoni um
c)Radi um
d)Noneoft hement ioned
150.Inf ission, themassofpr oductsis
a)lesst hanor iginalnucl eus
b)mor et hanor iginal nucl eus
c)equal t oor i
ginal nucl eus
d)allofabov e
151.I
nwhi choft hef ol l
owi ngpr ocessareNeut r
onsemit
ted?
a)Inversebet aDecay
b)Nucl earf ission
c)Spont aneousFi ssi on
d)Nucl earf usion
152.Whyneut ronswi thl owerener gyshouldbecapableofcausi
ngfi
ssi
on?
a)Forf ast err eact ionpr ocess
b)Forsust ainedr eact i
onpr ocess
c)ForSaf et ypur pose
d)Inor dert onotwast ethenucl earfuel
153.Whathappenswhenaneut ronisabsorbedbyanucleusofanat
om ofU235?
a)Massnumberofat om i ncr eases
b)Oneel ect roni sl etout
c)U236i sot opei sf ormed
d)Nucl eusbecomesunst able
154.Whoi nv entednucl earf i
ssion?
a)Ruther for d
b)HansBet he
c)OttoHahn
d)Mar ieCur i
e
155.Whatt y peofReact i
ont akesplaceinsun?
a)Nuclearfusi
on
b)Nuclearfi
ssi
on
c)Spontaneousfi
ssi
on
d)Doublebetadecay

156.
Theener
gyoft
hescat
ter
edneut
roni
nel
ast
icscat
ter
ingdependsupon
a)Scat
ter
ingangl
eb)massofnucl
eusc)i
nci
dentangl
e d)bot
ha&b
157.
Thev
alueoft
hemoment
um ofi
nci
dentneut
roni
ny-
dir
ect
ionbef
orecol
l
isi
on
i
s………
a)1 b)-
1 c)0 d)
Noneoft
hese
158.
Theener
gyofscat
ter
edneut
roni
nel
ast
icscat
ter
ingi
s……….

a)Ef=E0-Er b)Ef=E0+Er c)E0=Ef+Erd)Er=Ef+E0

159.
Inel
ast
icscat
ter
ingt
hemoment
um P=
a) 2mv b) 2mE c)2mE d)
2mV
160.
Inel
ast
icscat
ter
ingt
hegr
aphi
spl
ott
edbet
ween……….
.
a)Moment
um,
ener
gy b)ener
gy,
mass c)ener
gy,
angl
e d)angl
e,
moment
um
161.
Incaseofcar
bonmaxi
mum ener
gyl
ossi
sonl
yabout
…………………whenscat
ter
ing
angl
eis180degr
ee.
a)300KeV b)200KeV c)100KeV d)50
Kev

FBD
Uni
tofnuclearcrosssect
ionis.
..Bar
n
Qvalueisdeterminedby.
..Massofreact
antsproduct
s
Negati
veQv aluemeans..
.Eofreactant
slessthanproduct
s
Forendot her mi cr eact i
onQv aluei s....Negat iv e
Forexot her mi cr eact ionQv aluei s...Posi tive
Inendot her mi cr eact ion. ...Fi nal El esst hani nit i
al E
Qv al uei st heki net icener gyof ..
...Pr oduct s
Qv al uei sact ual ly.....Ener gy
Q=( Mp- Mr )* ..
....
....
931Mev
Conv ersionofanucl eusi not hernucl eusi s.....
.Tr ansmut ation
Fir
stpar t i
cl eaccel er at or ...
....1930
Rangeofl owener gyr eact ionsi s.....10Mev
Inmedi um ener gyr eact ions. ..
...( 100- -1000) Mev
Inhi ghener gyr eact i
ons. .....Abov e1Gev
Inphot oef fect ,bwi llbe. .....Gammar ay
Ener gyr el easedi nnucl earr eact ion. .
....Al loft hem
Fir
star ti
f i
ci al t
ransmut at i
onmadeby .
...
.Rut her for d
Meanl ifeofcompoundnucl eus. ...
..10power- 22t o10power- 21sec
Compoundnucl eusmodel i
sf or .
.....50Mev
Compoundnucl eusdecaydepend. ..Al loft hem
Processofdi sint egr at ionof ...
...Ei xtchannel
Phot onsr el easedf r om outofnucl eus. ..
...Xr ay
Dur i
ngt ransi t i
onsofnucl eons- -
---emi tted. .
...
..Al phar ay s
Dur i
ngel ect r
onr ear rangement" """""emi tt
ed. ....
..Xr ay s
Lowener gyl ev el shav e. ...
..Gr eat erener gy
Virtual ener gyl ev elsexi st.....Bet weenboundl ev els
Virtual ener gyl ev elsar e. ....unst abl e
Mini mum exci tat i
onener gyr equi redf orr eact ion. ....Bot hcr iti
calandt hreshol
d
1bar n?...Noneoft hem 10power s- 10, -
20, -30
Meanl ifet i
meofcompoundnucl eusr =...
...
...1/ y
Uncer t
ai ntyi nener gyi s......Lev el wi dt h
Ast at ewi thsmal l li
f et imehav e.....Poor lydef indl ev elwi dth
Par i
tyof3Li .
...
...Odd
Par i
tyof1D. ..
...Ev en
Forposi tiv epar ityr ev er sedst at ewoul dl ook. ..
..Same
Whi chnucl earmodel simi lart oat omi cmodel .
....
..Shel l model
Resonanceoccurwhenener gy ..
....
..Anyl ev el oft ar getnucl eus
Longr angepot ent i
al ar eusedi nat omsi thav e. ..
..Vi r
tual states
Adecr easi ngampl itudemeanst hatt het ransmi t
t edpar t
ical..
..
..bei
ngabsor bed
Meanf reepat hi naspeci ficdi st ance. ...
...1/ Et imes
Shel lmodel hasapot ent i
al dept h.....
.40Mev
Attenuat iondi st ancei soft hesameoder .whenW. ..
...(6---8)Mev
Whi choft hepar tical hassmal l
estmass. ..
...El ect ron
Forcei sr esponsi bl ef orr adi oact ivedecay ...
...Weaknucl earf orce
Ar eact iont hatr eleasedmor eener gy .
...
...Exot her mi c
Neut ronki net i
cener gyi s70Mev ,itsv el
oci tyi s....1. 158* 10power8
Par i
tyof1Hf orgr oundst at ei s...
..+1
Par i
tyof8Oi s...
..Noneoft hem ( odd, -1,2)
Formul aofnucl earcr osssect ionsegma=. ....
...R/ I
Forhav iernucl ei Zgr eat hart han90cr it
ical ener gyi s..
...(4--
--6)Mev
ForoddAt hr eshol dener gyi s....
..Muchl ower
Boundener gyl ev el cannotdeexci tebyemi t
t i
ng. .....
alloft hem ( a-
ray,neutr
on,
prot
on)
Boundst at edeexci tebyemi t
t i
ng. .....Gammar ay
Deexci tat ionofener gyst at escant akepl acei n...
......
.Twoway s
Stabl elev el meansaf tert r ansi ti
oni tr ebecome. ..
....St able
Nucl eonshav eener gyi n. ...
..Mev '
s
Ener gyi ncompoundnucl eusi sconcent ratedongr oupofnucl eons. .
..
.Noneofthem (Br
ay,
gammar
ay,
xray )
Energyincompoundnucl eusi sconcent ratedonasi nglenucl eonemi t
ted..
..Gammar
ays
Qv al
ueef fect..
...
reactionr ate
All
sor tsofparticl
escanbepr oducedi n...
..
..
.Highener gyreact i
ons
Theener gyreleasedi nanucl earr eactioncanappeari n..
..
..Thr eeway
Nuclearener gylevel havemoder ateregi on..
..
..2-
--
--
6Mev
I
nwhi chst ateproject i
lepar t
icletrappad. .
..
.Virt
ualstate
Fl
eetingdecayconf igurati
onoccurdur i
ngt hef or
mat i
onof ....
.Compoundnucl eus
Thepr oject
il
epar ti
clewhi chi smoment aril
ytrappedhav e.
...Positi
veenergy
Whogav eBr ei
tWi gnerf ormul a..
...
.Bot h(Br ei
tandwi gner)
Whichphenomenonoccurduet oov erlappingofpar ti
cles.
....Resonance
Whati shighener gyr eactions...
..Particlescanbepr oduced

Nucl
earPhy
sics-I
I(Mcqs)

MscPhy
sics(
M)

Lec#1

1. AnExot her micReactionCorr

esponds
totheQ- Value
a)positi
ve b)Negat i
ve
c)Both d)None
2. Mor eCross- sect
ionAreaofInt
eracti
onMeans
a)Lesspr obabil
it
y b)Greaterprobabi
li
ty c)Bot
h d)none

3. Unit
sofNucl
earCr
oss-
secti
onAreai
s
a)permet
re b)permetresquar
e

c)Bar
n d)None

4.Inchemicalreact
ionsweachieveproductsbycombi
ning
a)Neucl
eons b)Atom
sc)noneofthem d)Al lofthem
5. NuclearReacti
onisthereact
ioninwhichthr
oughnucl
euswehav
e
a)int
eracti
onofpar t
icl
es b)i nt
eract
ionofatoms

c)noneoft
hem d) Al
loft
hem

6.I
nchemical
react
ionsRat
esofreact
ioni
sinf
luencedby
a)t
emperat
ure b)pr essur
e
 c)concent
rat
ion d)Al
loft
hem

7. InNucl
earReact
ionsar
eaccompani
edbyabsor
pti
onorr
eleaseof
ener
gy
a)t
remendousamount b)moderateamountc)smal
lamount d)
None

8. Q- Valuef
orareact
ionist
heamountofenergyabsor
bedi
rrel
eased
dur
ingthe
a)ChemicalReact
ions b)Nucl
earReact
ion c)both d)noneof
them

9. Q-v
aluecanbedet
erminedfr
om t
hemassesoft
he
a)Reactant
s b)product
s c)Bot
h d)noneofthem

10. Lar gertheposi

ti
veQ-val
uef
orther
eact
ionthent
her
eact
ion
proceeds
a)slower b)faster c)
moder
ated)botha&c

11. Fort
her
eact
antsandpr
oduct
stheQ-
val
ueus
a)370Mev b)380Mev c)385Mev d)391Mev

12. InElasti
candin-
elast
icscat
ter
ingt
hei
ncomi
ngandout
goi
ng
par
ti
clesarethe
a)diff
erent b)same c)equal d)noneoft
hem

13. Innucl
earreacti
onsthepr
oject
il
efuseswi
ththetar
gett
oforma
a)exci
tednucleus b)compoundnucleus c)noneoft
hem

14. a+A=a+Ais
a)
elast
ic b)
in-
elast
ic c)
Bot
h d)
noneoft
hem

15. I
nnucl
earreact
ionswedon'
tuse
a)el
ect
rons b)prot
ons c)neutron d)noneoft
hem

Lec#2
1-
Inel
ast
icandi
nel
ast
icscat
ter
ingcomi
ngandout
goi
ngpar
ti
cl
esar
e
Same
Di
ff
erent
St
abl
e
Unst
abl
e
2-
Acr
osssecti
oni
ssquareof
React
ionpar
amids
React
ionampl
it
ude
React
ionconst
it
uent
None
3-
Lowenergyr
eacti
onshaveener
gy
10Mevpernucleons
>10mMevpernucl
eons
<10Mevpernucl
eons
100Mevpernucl
eons
4-
Ini
nelast
icscat
ter
ingt
heemi
tt
edpar
ti
clesar
ein
Excit
edstat
e
Gr
oundst
ate
Vi
rt
ual
stat
e
Met
ast
abl
est
ate
5-
Thedi
scret
epeaksinener
gyspect
rum ar
eduet
o
El
ast
icscat
ter
ing
I
nel
ast
icscat
ter
ing
Tr
ansf
err
eact
ion
Al
l
6-
Theconversionofoneel
ementi
ntoot
herel
ementbybombar
dmentof
hi
ghenergypar t
icl
esi
scal
led
Art
ifi
cialtr
ansmutat
ion
 Tr
ansmut
ati
on
Bot
haandb
None
7-
Theproductofar
ti
fi
cial
transmut
ati
onar
e
St
able
Radi
oact
ive
Bot
haandb

8-
Al-
27+He-4%-
--
--
--
->Si
-30
Prot
on
Neut
ron
Deut
ron
None

9-
Li-
7+pr
oton--
-à4He-4+al
phai
sknownas
Rut
herfordreacti
on
Cockcr
aftandwal
tonr
eact
ion
Jameschadwi
ckr
eact
ion
none

Lect
ureno#3.
1.Compoundnucl
eusi
s
Stabl
e

Unst
abl
e

Hi
ghl
yst
abl
e

Mayormaybenotst
abl
e

2.Meanl
i
feofcompoundnucl
eusi
s
 10^
-14t
o10^
-16

10^
-18t
o10^
-20

10^
-19t
o10^
-20

10^
-21t
o10^
-22

3.Compoundnucl
eust
erm wasf
ir
stusedby
Newton

De-
Brogl
i
e

Nei
lBohr

Schr
odi
nger

4.Thebombardi
ngpar
ti
clel
ossesi
t’
s…ener
gyi
nfi
rstst
ep.
Noenergy

Al
lener
gy

Par
ti
alener
gy

Aandc

5.Compoundnucl
eusmodel
isgoodf
orexpl
aini
ng…r
eact
ion.
Lowenergy

Hi
ghener
gy

Medi
um ener
gy

Bot
hbandc

6.Thepr
ocessofdisi
ntegr
ati
onofCompoundnucl
eusi
scal
l
ed
Ent
rancechannel

Exi
tchannel
 Resi
dual

Fi
ssi
on

7.Compoundnucl
euscandecayi
nway
sthati
tej
ect
s
Raysofphot
ons(ˠ)

Nucl
eons(
alphapar
ti
cle)orl
i
ght
ernucl
ei

Neut
rons

Al
lofabov
ecanbepr
oduces

8.Compoundnucl
eusdecaydependsupon
Ener
gy(E)ofcompoundnucleus

Angul
armoment
um (
L)ofcompoundnucl
eus

Par
it
yofcompoundnucl
eus

Al
loft
hese

9.Thecompoundnucl
eusdi
sint
egr
atesi
nto…ej
ect
edpar
ti
cl
e(apr
oduct
nucl
eus).
Smal l

Lar
ge

Equal
toi
nci
dent

Bot
hbandc

10.Compoundnucleusdecay
sindependentof
Wayi
tcar
riesout

Ener
gy(
E)ofcompoundnucl
eus

Angul
armoment
um (
L)ofcompoundnucl
eus

Par
it
yofcompoundnucl
eus
 LEC#04
Angul
ardi
str
ibut
ionofemi
tt
edpar
ti
clesi
snot
I
ndependentof

Exi
tChannel
Ent
rancechannel
Bot
ha&b
Noneoft
hese
2).
..
..energyofcompoundnucl
eusi
ssamef
or
Bothent r
ancechannela&b
Kineti
c
Exci
tat
ion
I
oni
zat
ion
None
3)
Energylev
elofnucl
eusi
smeasur
edi
n
Kev
Ev
Mev
None
4)De-
exci
tat
ionofst
atescannott
akepl
acei
n
Oneway
Twoway
Thr
eeway
Noneoft
hese
5)General
lynucl
earener
gyhav
eregi
on
Fi
ve
Two
Thr
ee
 Four

Lect
ure5
1:Thecr
it
icalener
gyforheav
ynucl
eii
s
a)Z>90 b)z<90c)bothaandb

2:
Thecr
it
ical
ener
gyi
smuchl
owerf
or

a)A-
oddb)A-
evenc)bot
haandb

3:Themi
nimum exci
tat
ionener
gyr
equi
redf
orr
eact
iont
ooccuri
s
knownas

a)Cr
it
ical
ener
gyb)Thr
eshol
dener
gyc)None

4:
Thr
eshol
dener
gyf
orev
ennucl
eii
s

a)5t
o6Mevb)3t
o5Mevc)4t
o6Mev

Lec#6

Ther
eact
ionwi
l
lbeEndot
her
mici
f

A.
Energyisli
berated
B.
Energyisabsorbed
C.
Q.valueisnegativ
e
D.
BandC

Wecanf
indQv
aluei
fweknowt
he

A.
massofreact
ants
B.
massofproduct
s
C.
both
D.
none
X+a=Y+bi
nthi
sequpr
oject
ail
par
ti
cle
I
s?

A.
x
B.
a
C.
y.
D.
b

Whi
chi
sthef
oll
owi
ngi
ssi
mil
art
oel
ect
ron

A.
alphapar
ticles
B.
betapart
icles
C.
gamar ay
s
D.
none.

Theel
ementi
sfor
medduet
oradi
oact
ivedecayi
scal
l
ed

A.
parentelement
B.
daughterelement
C.
mot herelement
D.
none

Theener
gyr
equi
redt
obr
eakdownt
henucl
eusi
scal
l
ed

A.
atomi cener
gy
B.
bindingenergy
C.
breakingenergy
D.
nuclearenergy

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotnucl
earr
adi
ati
ons.

A.
alphaparti
cle
B.
betapart
icle
C.
gammapar t
icl
e
D.
x.ray
s

Ty
pesofquar
kar
e
A.
2
B.
3
C.
4
D.
6

Whi
chnucl
earr
eact
ioni
stakepl
acei
nsun

A.
fi
ssi
on
B.
fusi
on
C.
chemical
D.
mechanical

Bet
apar
ti
clei
nWi
l
soncl
oudchamberhav
epat
h

A.
zigzag
B.
curved
C.
cir
cular
D.
none

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
adi
ati
onsi
smor
epenet
rat
ing

A.
alpharays
B.
betarays
C.
gamar ays
D.
none

Lect
ure#08
Thepar
it
yofodd-
oddnucl
eii
s…

None

Thei
ntr
insi
cpar
it
yofpr
oton,
neut
ron,
neut
ri
no,
and i
sev
en.
Bot
ha&b
None

Thei
ntr
insi
cpar
it
yof(
pion)i
s…
Ev
en
Odd
Ev
en-
Odd
Ev
en-
Even

Thepar
it
yofanucl
eusi
nagi
venst
atei
srel
atedwi
tht
hev
alueof…
Pr
inci
plequant
um number
Tot
alangul
arquant
um number
Or
bit
alquant
um number
None

The i
nter
act
ionsneednott
oconser
vepar
it
y.
St
rong
Weak
Bot
ha&b
None

Al
lnucl
earst
ateshav
ea par
it
y.
I
ndef
ini
te
Def
ini
te
I
ndi
sti
ngui
shabl
e
Bot
ha&b
Thepar
it
yofi
s
Ev
en
Odd
Ev
en-
Even
Odd-
Odd

Thepar
it
yofi
s
Odd
Ev
en
Ev
en-
Even
None

I
so-
spi
n,al
socal
l
ed
I
sobar
icspi
n
I
sot
opi
cspi
n
I
sot
oni
cspi
n
Bot
ha&b

Thecomponentpar
ti
clesofat
omi
cnucl
ei,t
heneut
ronandpr
oton,
fr
om ani
sospi
nis
Si
ngl
et
Doubl
et
Tr
ipl
et
None

Par
it
yfors-
shel
li
s
Ev
en
Odd
Ev
en-
Odd
None

Par
it
yforf
-shel
li
s
Ev
en
Odd
Odd-
Even
None

Thel
ocat
ionsoft
heexci
tedst
ates f
oreachnucl
eus.
Same
Di
ff
er
Bot
ha&b
None

Theexci
tedstat
eischar
act
eri
zedbyquant
um number
sthatdescr
ibe
i
tspari
ty,
isospi
nand
Li
nearmoment
um
Angul
armoment
um
Bot
ha&b
None

Thenucl
eus,
li
ket
heat
om,
has ener
gyl
evel
s.
Cont
inuous
Di
s-cont
inuous
Di
scr
ete
None
Lectur
e#9
Whichmodel descr
ibedt
hecoher
entbehav
iourofnucl
eons
1.Shel
lmodel
2.Coll
ecti
vemodel
3.Li
quiddropmodel
4.Atomicmodel

Volumeener gy,
sur
faceener
gyandcompr
essi
bil
i
tyar
epar
amet
ers
associatedwit
h
1.Atom
2.Nucleus
3.Liquiddrop
4.Nucleons

Ar38z=18i
fwepr
ovi
deener
gywhi
chpar
ti
cl
ejumpt
owar
dexci
tedst
ate
1.Neutr
on
2.Prot
on
3.El
ectr
on
4.None

I
fzisev
ent
hef
ir
stexci
tedst
atewi
l
lbe
1.1+
2.0+
3.4+
4.2+

I
fwebr eakapai
rofpr
otons/
neut
ronsamountofener
gy
1.Incr
ease
2.Decrease
3.Remainsame
4.Saved

I
fangularmoment
um j
oinedt
ogi
vepar
it
y0+t
heni
tis
1.Excit
ati
on
2.Pairi
ng
3.Breaki
ngup
4.Energyl
oss
Energyi
smini
mum i
fneut
ronsar
epar
ingt
henpar
it
yis
1.+Ve
2.-
Ve
3.Zero
4.Ei
ther+v
eor-v
e

Fortwopar ti
cleswecannotdi
sti
ngui
shwhet
heri
tsf
ir
stor2ndsuch
parti
clesare
1.Identical
2.Excited
3.Recoi l
ed
4.Noneoft hese

I
fwehav eident
ical
par
ti
cles,
numberofst
ateswi
l
l
1.I
ncrease
2.Multi
pli
ed
3.Decrease
4.None

I
fwebr eakapairandr
ecombi
nedi
tinsameener
gyl
evel
wewi
l
lget
1.Evenlevel
s
2.Oddlevels
3.Both
4.Groundlevel
s

Almostal
lev
enev
ennucl
eiandA<150showst
hef
ir
stexci
tedst
ateat
1.0+
2.2+
3.4+
4.1-

LectureNo10
1).Br
iet-Wi
gnerf
ormul
awasint
roducedin:
i
.1936
i
i.
1937
i
ii
.1938
i
v.1939
2).Af or
mulawhi
chrel
atest
hecrosssecti
onofpar
ti
cul
arnucl
earr
eact
ion
withener gyofi nci
dentpar t
icl
eiscal
led:
i
.Br eit_wi gnerf ormula
i
i.Emper icalformula
i
ii
.Nul earf ormul a
i
v.Noneoft hese
3).Forshor tr angepot ent
ial,whatt
ypesofenergystatesexi
stsby
parti
cl e?
i
.Quasi -bound
i
i.Real states
i
ii
.Exi tedst at es
i
v.fi
lledst at
es
4).Forl ongr angepot enti
al,whatty
peofstatesexist
s?
i
.Nost ates
i
i.Fill
edst ates
i
ii
.Exi tedst at es
i
v.vur t
ual st
at es
5).Athi gherener gylevel,spaci
ngamongt heenergyleveli
s:
i
.lar
ge
i
i.Smal l
i
ii
.Fi xed
i
v.nospace
Lectur e11

1.Iftheener gylevelofinci
dentpar
ti
cleandt
argetnucl
euswil
lov
erlap
theni ti
scal l
ed
Breit-Wignerfor mula
Resonance
CompoundNucl eus
2.Wi t
hthei ncreasingorderofener
gythespaci
ngbetweenlev
el
I
ncr eases
decr eases
becomeszer o
3.Theopt icalmodel deal
singener
alwaywith…………whenabsorpti
on
isinvolved
Scat teri
ngPr ocess
Cohr entPr ocess
Absor pt
ionprocess
4.
Int hecaseofabsor pti
on,energy
…….
I
ncr eases
decr eases
notchange
5.Thedecr easi
ngampli
tudemeansthet
ransmit
tedpar
ticl
eis…..
Released
Absor bed
scattered
6.Thewav efuncti
onusi
nginopt
ical
modeltel
lsaboutt
hemot i
onof
projecti
letowards
Nucl eus
Nucl eons
Electrons

Lec#12
InBri
t-
Wignerwet
reatt
hepr
obl
em ofnucl
earr
eact
ionusi
ng:
a)Quant
um mechani
csb)l
i
nearmoment
um

c)Accel
erat
ion d)Noneoft
hese

Whendecayoccuri
ncompoundnucl
eust
heener
gyi
sconcent
rat
ed
i
n:
a)Si
ngl
epar
ti
cleb)doubl
epar
ti
cle

c)
a&bbot
h d)Noneoft
hese

Todot
hisr
equi
rest
heuseofacompl
expot
ent
ial
inwhati
scal
l
ed:
a)Opt
icalmodel
b)shel
lmodel

c)LDM model d)noneoft

hese

Opti
cal
model
usetodeali
ngener
alwaywi
thscat
ter
ingpr
ocess
when……………isi
nvol
ved?
a)Absor
pti
onb)compr
essi
on

c)Scat
ter
ing d)Noneoft
hese

Thedi
stanceov
erwhi
cht
hei
ntensi
tyi
sat
tenuat
edt
o1/
ethi
tsi
nit
ial
val
uei
s:
a)Meanf
reepat
h b)meanf
reet
ime
c)Ev
olut
ion d)Noneoft
hese

Thet
imebywhi
cht
hei
ntensi
tyi
sat
tenuat
edt
o1/
ethi
tsi
nit
ial
val
ue
i
s:
a)Meanf
reet
ime b)t
imeper
iod

c)Deadt
ime d)noneoft
hese

I
nbr
it
-Wi
gnert
heshel
lmodel
hasapot
ent
ial
dept
habout
:
a)~40 b~50

c)~30d)~20
Iftheat
tenuat
iondi
stancei
sthesameor
derast
henucl
earr
adi
us
then:
W
W
W
W

Todescr
ibebot
hdiff
ract
ionandscatt
eri
ngphenomenoni
nopt
ical
modelwerequi
reanimaginar
ypotent
ial
ofafew:
Kev
MeV
GeV
Noneoft
hese

Athi
gherener
giesofexci
tat
ionthewi
dthΓwi
l
lov
erl
apsev
eral
ener
gy
l
evel
sandcrosssecti
onvaryslowl
ywit
hener
gyi
s:
Cont
inuum
Scat
ter
ing
Tr
ansi
ti
on
 Noneoft
hese

Br
ietWi
gnerf
ormul
arel
atest
hecr
osssect
ionof
nucl
earr
eact
ionwi
th:
Eofi
nci
dentpar
ti
cle
Eofemi
tt
edpar
ti
cle
aandbbot
h
Noneoft
hese

I
ftheenergyofinci
dentpar
ti
clewi
thanyst
ateof
nucl
eust
hen
pr
ocessiscall
ed:

At
omi
cresonance
Nucl
earr
esonance
Resonance
Bot
haandc

Forlowexci
tat
ionofanucl
eustheener
gyl
evel
sar
erel
ati
vel
ywel
l
spaced&Crosssecti
onexhi
bit
s:
Resonance
Cont
inuum
Bot
ha&b
Scat
ter
ing

Lec#13
1-Higherenergystatesar e
i
)Wel ldefined i i
)overlapping i
ii
)wellsepar
ated
2-Acceleratedprotonshitaheav ytar
getcausingemissi
onofneut
rons.Thi
sneut
ron
Sourceis:
i
)Nucl earReactor i i)Fusion i ii
)Spall
ati
on
3-Ther ati
obet weenBohrr adiii
s
i
)1: 2:3 i
i)2:4:6 i i
i)1:4:9
4-Thef i
rstmodel ofat om in1898waspr oposedby
i
)Er nstRut her fordi i)Al bertEinsteini i
i)J.J.Thomson
5-Asar esul toft hepr ocessofel ectroncapt ure( "
K-captur )by211At
e" ,t
henewisot
ope
formedi s:
)211Po i
i i)212At i i)210At
6-Whenanucl eusi sdi videdi ntoitsconst i
tuents, energyis:
i
)cr eatedf rom not hing i i
)dest royedintonot hing i i
i)absorbedbyt henucl
euswhich
thenbr eaksi tapar t.
7-Whatf orcei sr esponsi blefort heradioactivedecayoft henucl eus?
i
)Gr avitat i
onal force i i)WeakNucl earforce i i
i)StrongNucl earforce
8-Abet a^ -par ti
clei sal soknownas
i
)anel ect ron i i)aposi t
ron i ii)ahelium nucl eus.
9-Whi cht ypeofr adi ationi sthel eastpenet r
ating?
i
)Al pha i i
)bet a i i
i)gamma
10-Whathappenst ot hehal f-
li
feofar adioacti
v esubst anceasi tdecays?
i)Itremai nsconst anti i
)Itincreasesi i
i)Itdecreases.

Lec#14
1
Massofel ectronis
a)1.6x10^-19b)939. 5Mevc)9. 11x10^ -
31kg
2
Valueofplanksconst anth=
a)6.67x10^ -
34jb)6. 64x10^-34j c)6.
63x10^-36j
3
Inv+iw, wshowt he
a)Real par
tb)nonr ealc)Adi gi
td)i maginer
ypar t
4
Tof i
ndnucl earradiusweusef or mula
a)r=A.A^1/3b)r =R.A^ 2/3c)r=RA^ 2/4
5
For85evener gywav elength=hc/ E
a)31x10^-12m b)3. 2x10^-10m c)3. 2x10^-9m
6Neut ronsarepr oducedi nnuclear
a)Emi ssi
onb)f ussionc)a, bbothd)none

Lect
ureno#16
1)Themassofneut roni ssl i
ghtl
ygreaterthana……………………. .
Proton
2)Neut r
oni sacombi nationof………………quar ks.
Three
3)Howmanyt ypesofquar ks…………………….
Six
4)Howmanyt ypesofi sotopesofcar bon………………….
Three
5)Whi chforcecombi net ogethertheprotonandneut r
onwit
hint
he
nucleus………………….
StongNucl earforce
6)Isneut roncanbeusedaspr oj
ectil
ef ort
ransmut ati
on…………………….
Yes
7)Neut r
onar eessent ialforstabil
i
tyofnucl eusexcept…………………atom
Singlepr otonhy drogenat om
8)Isneut ronar eessent i
altoproducet heNucl earchain
reaction…………………….
Yes
9)Thecombi nati
onofaneut ronismadebyone………….Andt wo……………….
Quar ks.
Up, Down

Lec#18
21H+31H 42He+_ ___
___+17. 6Mev
•Electron
•Proton
•Neut ron
•None
DoesNeut ronhaveanydi r
ectdetecti
on?
•Yes
•No
•May bebot h
•Noneoft heabov e
.
Af t
erpassi ngthroughtheaccelerat
or,t
heenergyoftheoft
hepar
ti
cl
e
•Increases
•Decr eases
•Remai nssame
•None
Insmal l neutronsources,neut
ronareproducedinfusi
onof
•Prot
onandel ect
ron
•Al
phaandbet a
•Deuterium andtri
tium
•None
Neutr
ongener atoris__
_____
____
___
___sour
ceofneut
rons
•Continuous
•Di
screte
•Both
•None
A(n)__ _
_ _
__hasaposi ti
vechar
geandmass.
•Neutron
•El
ectron
•Prot
on
•I
sotope
•Nucleus

Thecent erpor
ti
onofanat
om i
scal
l
ed
A(n).
•Electr
on
•bond
•nucleus
•.orbit
al
•neutron

Eachel
ementi
sdef
inedbyt
henumberof

•At
oms
•I
sotopes

•Neut
rons
•Pr
otons
•Nucl
ei.

Lec#19
1.
Anythi
ngordevi
cet
hatemi
tsneut
ronsi
scal
l
ed
Neutr
onsource
Emi
ssi
on
Absor
pti
on
 2.Whyweneedneutr
onsour
ces
Tost
artr
eact
ion
Tost
artf
issi
on
Tost
artf
usi
on
3.Neut
ronsour
cecanbecat
egor
izedbynumberoff
act
ors
3
4
5
4.
Whi
chneut
ronsour
cehavemor
eimpor
tance
Lar
geNeutronsour
ce
Medi
um neut
ronsour
ce
Smal
lneut
ronsour
ce
5.Howmuchener
gyr
elease,
U-235under
gof
issi
onwi
tht
her
mal
neut
rons
perf
ission
150MeV
170MeV
180MeV
6.I
nwhichreactiont
woormorenuclei
col
l
ideatv
eryhi
ghener
gyandf
use
toget
herandreleasefr
eeneut
rons
Nucl
earreacti
on
Nucl
earf
usi
on
Nucl
earf
issi
on
7.
Whi
chtypeofnucl
eicansust
ainaf
issi
onchai
nreact
ion
U-235
U-
233
Pl
uot
ini
um-
239
Al
ltheAbov
e

LECTURE-
20
1.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngdoesnotr
equi
reaneut
ront
ost
artort
akepl
ace:
Fissi
on

Fusi
on

Radi
oact
iveDecay

None

2.Accel
eratedprotonshi
taheavyt
argetcausi
ngemi
ssi
onof
neut
rons.Thisneutr
onsourcei
s:
NuclearReactor

Fusi
on

Spal
lat
ion

Neut
ronGener
ator

3.Spall
ati
onsour
cesar
e__
___
___neut
ronsour
ces:
Lowflux

Hi
ghf
lux

I
nst
ant

Cheap

4.Reacti
oninspal
l
ati
onneut
ronsour
ceoccuratt
hreshol
dofi
nci
dent
par
ti
clesi
.e.
:
5-15KeV

50-
100MeV

5-
15MeV

Aov
e100MeV

5.Neut
ronsareproducedi
nshor
tpul
sesi
n__
___
__neut
ronsour
ce:
Photof
issi
on

Neut
ronGener
ator
 Spal
l
ati
on

Nucl
earReact
or

6.Part
icleswhichst
ri
ket
het
argetar
eaccel
erat
edby_
___
___
___i
n
spal
l
ati
on.
Cy clot
ron

Sy
nchr
otr
on

Bet
atr
on

LI
NAC

7.InSpall
ati
onneutr
onsour ce,
asour
ceof_
___
___i
spr
oducesi
nshor
t
pul
ses.
1020neut
ronspersecond

1017neut
ronspersecond

105neut
ronspersecond

1013neut
ronspersecond

8.InSpal
l
ati
onneut
ronsour
ce,
bombar
dedpar
ti
cl
esar
e__
___
_insi
zet
han
si
zeoftar
get
:
Less

Gr
eat
er

Equal

None

Lect
ure#21
Neut r
onscanalsobeproducedi
npar t
icl
eaccel
erat
orsbyusi
ng
targetsH,
Liandother-
--
--
--
--
--
-Mater
ial
s.
Hi
ghZ-mat
eri
als
LowZ-Mat
eri
als
Hi
ghA-mat
eri
als
LowA-Mat
eri
als
H2+1H3à2He4+n+-
1 --
--
--
--
?
14.
1Mev
14.
1ev
17.
6Mev
17.
6ev
Neut
rongener
atori
sacont
inuoussour
ceofneut
ronswhi
ch
pr
oduced?
~1013Neut
ron/
Seconds
1014Neut
rons/
Seconds
~1011Neut
rons/seconds
10-11Neut
rons/
seconds
He4+Be9à-
2 --
--
--
+n+5.
7Mev
?
c12
6

B11
5

C11
5

6C11
TheBombar
dmentofber
yll
i
um byαpar
ti
cl
est
opr
oduceneut
ronby
---
-
--
-?
Endot
her
micr
eact
ion
Exot
her
micr
eact
ion
Bot
ha&b
Noneoft
hese
Radi
oisot
opesour
ce(
α,n)i
sthe-
--
--
--
--sour
ceofneut
ron?
St
rong
Weak
Medi
um
Bot
ha&c

124
Sbà124Te+-
--
-+γ?
Β+
Β-
α+
α-
γ+9Beà8Be+n-
--
--
--
--
?(endot
her
mic)
+1.
66Mev
-
1.66Mev
+2.
56Mev
-
2.56Mev
Lar
geneut
ronsour
cei
s--
--
--
?
Fusi
on
Phot
onucl
ear
f
issi
on
Radi
oisot
ope(
α,n)
Mostexpensi
veneut
ronsour
cei
s--
--
-?
Fi
ssi
on
Phot
onucl
ear
Radi
oisot
ope(
α,n)
 Fusi
ongener
ator
LEC#22
Ifanypart
icl
ehavenochar getheni
tcal
l
ed?
a)-v
eb)+vec)chargelessd)none
thosepart
icl
esthathasnochar get
henthei
rdet
ect
ionwi
l
lbe?
a)possi
bleb)impossiblec)bot
haandbd)none

whenneut r
onplaceinanymagnet
icandel
ect
ri
cfi
eldwhyitmov
ein
str
aightpath
a)Duet uchargeb)nochar
gec) samecharged)+v echar
ges

El
ectr
onmasshave--
--
-t
hanproton
a)
Greaterb)mi
ddl
ec)smalld)al
loft
hese

Neut
ronhavemassbtno-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
a)
att
ract
ionb) charge c) repul
sion d)bot
haandc

whyt
hedet
ectionofneutr
onisi
mpossi
ble
a)
Massb) nucleus c)char
ged)none

Whati
simpor
tantf
ort
heioni
zat
ion
a)
char
ge b)mass b) bothaandb d)none

whati
smeantbydet
ect
or

a)
Anychamber b)magnet
icf
iel
d c el
ect
ri
cfi
eld d)
none

Thesuppl
yof3Hei
s
a)
Excessi
ve b)
li
mit
edc)mi
ddl
ed)none

Whati
sthepur
poseofQuenchgas

Control
ioni
zat
ionb)cont
rol
pot
ent
ialc)cont
rol
kinet
icener
gyd)
none

Whi
chi
sbestexampl
eofnucl
eardet
ect
or?

a)
Bbgassb)
kinet
icener
gy c)
BF3gass d)
all
ofabov
e

whi
chi
sthet
ypeofdet
ect
or

a)
hydr
ogendet
ect
or b)nucl
eardet
ect
ionc)
GassFi
ll
edDet
ect
ord)
none

gassf
il
leddet
ect
orconsi
stsbet
weent
wo

a)
Elect
rodeb)pr
otonc)
bot
haandbc)none

Bestexampl
esofgassf
il
leddet
ect
or?

a)I
oni
zat
ionchamber,
propor
ti
onalcount
er b)
prot
om det
ect
orc)bot
ha
andb d) none
Ll
ec#23
Whenanioni
singpar
ti
clepassest
hrought
heeci
nti
l
lat
ormat
eri
al,
atoms
are
1.I
oni
zed
2.Scat tered
3.Neut ralised
(1)
Thei rener gyi sconv ertedintoenergeticelectr
onsv iaei t
herinphotoel
ectr
ic
effect ,Compt onef f
ectorpai rproduction
1.ForAl phar ays
2.Bet ar ays
3.Gammar ay s
(3)
Thechemi stryofatomi cde-excitati
oninthesci nti
llatorproducesa
mul titudeof_pr ot
on
1.Lowener gy
2.Hi ghener gy
3.Zer oener gy
(1)
Thenumberofsuchpul sesinauni tti
megi vest heinformationofradi
ati
on
about
1.Ener gy
2.Int ensi t
y
3.Speed
(2)
Pur ecr ystal sil
iconorot hermater i
alstowhi chsmal l
amountofi mpurit
ies
atomssot heyactas
1.Di elect r
ic
2.Di ode
3.Elect rode
(2)
Semi conduct ordetectorsdetects
1.Char gedpar ticl
es
2.Neut ral parti
cles
3.Lowener gypar t
icles
(1)
Thebasi ct ypesofsemi conductorneutronsdet ector
1.Two
2.Thr ee
3.Four
(1)
Whi chpar ticleabsorbi nthereact i
vefil
m andspont aneouslyemitt
s
ener get i
cr eactionpr oduces
1.El
ectr
on
2.Prot
on
3.Neutr
on
(3)

Lec#24

1-
Insci
nti
l
lat
ioncounter,
forgammaraysener
gyconvert
edbyfoll
owing
pr
ocess….
a)
comptoneffectb)phot
oelect
ri
cef
fectc)pairpr
oduct
ion d)al
lofthese

2-theel ectr
onmul ti
pl i
cationaccour at.
.
a)cathodeb) anodec) dynode d) noneoft hese
3-Sci ntil
l
ationcount erisact al
lya…
a)electrondet ect orb)neut rondet ectorc)beam pr oducerd)allofthese
4-Thenumberofpul seperuni ttimet ellsus….Ofr adiati
on.
A)ener gyb) f
requencyc) intensity d) noneoft hese
5-sil
icondi odebaseddet ect orwor kfordet et…
a)incidentpar ticle b) t
ar getpar ti
cle c) gener atedparti
cle d)noneof
these
6-basict ypesofsi li
condi odebaseddet ector…
a)1b) 3 c)2d) 4
7-whenr adiationf all
sonsci ntil
latormat eri
althenitproduce…
a)electron b) neut r
on c) li
ghtd)bot haandb
8-whenl i
ghtf all onphot ocat hodet henel ectronsareemi ttedduet o…
a)compt i
onef fectb) phot oelectri
cef fectc)pai rproductiond)al loft
hese
9-pulsedi scrimi nat orgi veuswav ei nt heform of….
a)sinwav e b)squar ewav e c)zi gzagmannerd)bot haandb
10-thephot onemi ttedf rom sci ntil
latorar ealsocalled
a)incidentphot onb) lumi nousphot onc) bothaandbd) photophot one

LECTURE25
Theener
gyofscat
ter
edneut
rondependupon
Ener
gyofi
nci
dentneut
ron
Medi
um ofcol
l
isi
on
Thescat
ter
ingangl
e
 Noneofabov
e
Ef
fi
ciencyofgasdet
ect
orswor
ksupon
Fastmov
ingel
ect
ron
Ther
mal
elect
ron
Ther
mal
prot
on
Ther
malneut
ron
Neut
ronmoder
atordo

Speedupt
heneut
ron
Sl
owdownneut
ron
Pr
ovi
deener
gyt
oneut
ron
Def
lectneut
ron
Nucl
earchai
nreact
ioni
sbei
ngcar
ri
edoutby
Fastmov
ingneut
ron
Ener
get
icneut
ron
Ther
malneut
ron
Al
loft
hem
Mostcommonl
yusedmoder
atori
nnucl
earr
eact
ori
s
Heav
ywat
er
Li
qui
dsodi
um
Li
ghtwat
er
Noneoft
hem
Lectur
e26
1.I
nliqui
dscint
il
lati
oncounter
,whi
choft
hefoll
owi
ngi
saf
luor
escentsubstance?
a)Solventb)Solutec)
Crystal
d)Reagent
2.
WhenUVl ighti
sabsorbedbyt
hefl
uormolecul
est
hel
i
ghtemit
tedi
si
nwhi chofth
ef
ollowingcolours?
a) Pi
nkb) Redc) Gr eend) Bl
ue
3.I
nliqui dsci nt il
lati
oncount er ,whi chof thef oll
owi ngi susedt oconv er tl
ight i
ntoel
ectri
cal signal s?
a)Phot omul tipliertubeb) Phot oemi ssivet ubec) Phot ov oltaiccell
d)Phot or ef l
ect or
4.Ther educt ioni ncount i
ngef ficiency ofthesci nti
ll
at iondet ectoriscal l
edas_ _
__
______
a)Disintegr ationb) Decayc) Quenchi ngd) Reduct ion
5.Whi chof thef ollowi ngisnot aty peof quenchi ng?
a)Chemi cal quenchb) Interfer encequenchc) Colour quenchi ngd) Self-
absor ption
6.I
nwhi cht y peof quenchi ng,ther adi ationemi tt
edby theisot opei snot det ectedd
uetoabsor ptionof theradi ationby thesampl eit
self?
a) Chemi cal quenchb) I
nt er
fer encequenchc) Col our quenchi ngd) Self -
absor pt i
on
7.Variat i
onof gai nwi thtemper at uredoesnot causei nst abi li
ty.a) Trueb) False
8.Duet ot hepr esenceof red,greenandy ell
owcol our i
nt hev ial,whichof thef ol
lowi
ngoccur s?
a)Chemi cal quenchb) Interferencequenchc) Colour quenchi ngd) Sel f-
absor ption
9.Aquenchcur v ecanbeconst ruct edby plot ti
ngthecount ingef fi
ciency v ersus__
_______ ___
a) Q-numberb) Quenchf act orc) H-numberd) Disint egr ationsr
10.Phot omul tipliersusedi nLi quidsci nti
llationdetect orsar easour ceof instabili
t
y.
a) Trueb) Fal se
Lectur e#27
1:Whenapar ticlei ncidenti nasci nt i
ll
at or………. ispr oduced
a) phot on b) el ectron
c) pr ot on d) al l
2:Insci nt ill
at orphot ocat hodeusest hepr i
ncipl eof
a)phot oel ect r
icef f
ect b) Compt onscat teri
ng
c)pai rpr oduct ion d)Al l
oft hese
3:Dy nodesi nsci nt i
ll
ator sar eusedf ormul ti
pli
cat ionof
a)pr oton b) neut r
on
c) el ect ron d) phot on
4:Whengammar ay sar einci dent sonsci ntill
ator st heener gyi sconv er
ted
i
nt oener get icel ect r
ont hroughpr ocess
a)phot oel ect ricef fect b) Compt onscat teri
ng
c)pai rproduct ion d) Al loft hese
5:Thenumberofpul sesobtainedf r
om sci ntil
latorperuni tti
megi ve
a)I nt
ensi t
yofr adiati
on b) I ntensityofel ectron
c) Intensi t
yofphot on d) Al loft hese
6:Si l
i
condi odebaseddet ectordetects………………. .inneut r
oninduced
nuclearr eactions
a)Neut ron b) char gedpar ti
cles
c) pr otons d) Bot ha&b
7:
whenaneut ronr eactwit
hneut ronr eactivemat erial(sili
condiodebased
detectors)i temi t
s
a)El ect ron b) Phot on
c) prot on d)noneoft hese
8:Thet hicknessoft heneutronreact iv
emat erial i
nsi l
icondi odebased
detectorsi s
a) ≥2mm b) ≥4mm
c) ≥6mm d) Noneoft hese
9::Thet hicknessoft heairgapbet weenneut ronr eactivemat eri
aland
deadl ayerofSI O2sili
condiodebaseddet ectors
a) - 2mm b) - 4mm
c) 2mm d) 4mm
10:Thet hicknessoft hedeadl ayerofSI O2si l
icondi odebaseddet ect
ors
a) 8µm b) - 6µm
c) -4µm d)- 2µm

Lec#30
“
Recoi
l
ingener
gyi
sdenot
edby
:
E0
Er
ER
Noneoft
hese
Themoment
um “
P”i
sequal
to:
Mv
mv
 B&cbot
h
“
M’’
repr
esent
sint
heEl
ast
icScat
ter
ingEquat
ion
Massnumber
NumberofMol
e
Bot
h
Noneoft
hese
Thebestneut
ronabsor
berel
ementi
s
Car
bon
Hy
drogen
Deut
eri
um
Al
l
Hy
drogenel
ementscat
tert
heneut
ronatangl
eof
180
90
45
None
Themoment
um conser
vat
ioni
s“zer
o”i
s--
--
--
--di
rect
ion:
X-
dir
ect
ion
Y-
dir
ect
ion
Z-
dir
ect
ion
Al
l

Lec#34
I
nstars,
processoff
usi
onwhi
chf
use
1.HtoHe
2.NtoHe
3.HetoH
4.Nt
oC

Howmanysequenceofst
agesi
nCNOcy
cle?
1.4
2.5
3.6
4.2

Atthefi
rststage,Car
boncapt
urepr
otonandemi
tt
1.Gamma+N- 13
2.Gamma+O- 15
3.Betar
ay s
4.Gamma+N- 12

Capturedpr
otoni
sact
ual
l
yanat
om of
1.Oxygen
2.Nit
rogen
3.Carbon
4.Hydrogen

TheCNOpr ocessoccur
sifthest
armassM
1.M<1.5M
2.1.
5M=M
3.M>1.5M
4.None
(3)
Atwhichtemper at
ureCNOoccurr
1.22ThousandsK
2.17Mi l
li
onsK
3.9000K
4.None
(2)
Whichelementactascataly
stintheCNOcycl
e
1.Carbon
2.Nit
rogen
3.Oxygen
4.Heli
um

Thisf
ussi
onprocessoccur
sinst
arsandsunhav
ingdensi
ty
1.300gm cm-
²
2.125gm cm-
²
3.125gm cm-
⁵
4.125gm cm-
³

Analt ernativepr ocessofconverti

ngHi nt
oHeis
1.Prot on_ protonchai n
2.Neut ron_protonchain
3.Neut ron_neutronchain
4.1&3
Lectur e#35
1
H->?+( 2e+y +v)
a)Neb)Hec)Bd)r
2
Themassofhy dregenatom is
a)1.0072b) 1.
092c)2. 0d)2.5
3
Ther at eatwhi chmassi sdestr
oyedisrel
atedt
orateatwhi
ch
a)ener gyispr oducedb)ener gyisdestr
oyedc)a,bd)none
4
∆m/ t=?
a)p/c^ 2b)p/ cc)p/ mcd)p
5
Nucleusi susedt oproduce
a)helium b)ni trogenc)oxy gend)carbon
Nuclear Physics II McQs.
1: A reaction with negative Q-value is called ________ reaction.

a) Endoergic b) exoergic c) exothermic d) none e) Endothermic

2: a+X → Y+b, In this equation if “Y” and “b” are in there ground state after scattering then it is
called as:

a) Scattering b) Inelastic scattering c) accelerator

d) Projectile e) Elastic scattering

3. X(n, ϒ)Y is________ reaction.

a) Direct b) pickup c) stripping d) Compound e) capture

4. Angular distribution of emitted particles is not independent of________.

a) Exist channel b) Exit channel c) both a & b d)channel e) entrance channel

5. Threshold energy may be expressed via

a) P:E of reaction b) K.E value of reaction c) a &b

d) direct reaction e) Q-value of reaction

6. For exoergic reaction q-value is:

a) Direct b) negative c) inverse d) constant e) Positive

7. The excited state of compound nucleus has a definite mean life time before it decays by any
mode of__________.

a) Excitation b) re-excitation c) reaction d) both a& b e) De-excitation

8. Each excited state is characterized by

a) Magic numbers b) magnetic numbers c) shell numbers

d) both b & c e) Quantum numbers

9. Collective model emphasize the coherent behavior of all the

a) protons b) nucleus c) electrons d) nuterons e) Nucleons

10. For a short range potential there exists

a) Quasi-bound b) virtual single particle state c) negative potential

d) Coulombs potential e) a & b

11. The projectile can be momentarily trapped in_______ of the excited state.

a) Above b) below c) three d) four e) one

12. A traveling wave moving in a potential, wave function is:

a)Ψkx b) Φkx c) Ψx d) Ψx y e) Ψίkx

13. We need neutron source for_______.

a) To start fusion b) To start reaction c) To start emission

d) To start Absorption e) To start fission

14. Year in second, 1 yr=?

a) 5.34×10-2s b) 6.626 × 10–34js c) 1.38 × 10–23jk–1

d) 3.00 × 108ms–1 e) 3.16 × 107s

15. Within the nucleus protons and neutrons are bound together through

a) Attractive forces b) repulsive forces c) short range forces

d) long range forces e) nuclear forces

16. Spiraling of an accelerating electron into the nucleus with progressive loss of energy is
defect of?

a) Thomson model b) Bohr Model c) James Chadwick

d) None e) Rutherford model

17. Magnetic moment of neutron is?

a)3.19us b)1.91us c)-4.91us d)-1.18us e) -1.91us

18. Radio isotope is a__________ source of neutron.

a) Common b) Strong c) Opposite d) same e) Weak

19. Application of Fission and Fusion reactions are:

a) Strong b) Opposite c) Different d) None e) Same

20. Radium polonium can be used for

a) Emission b) β-particle c) absorption d) γ-particle e) α-particle

21. Which material is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors?

a) Carbon b) silicone c) cadmium d) potassium e) Graphite

22. The detection process is such that a neutron interact with the nuclide to produce_______.

a) Charged particle b) primary charged particle c) chemically charged particle

d) both b& c e) secondary charged particle

23. In which film neutron is absorbed?

a) Non Reactive b) chemically active c) both a& b

d) chemically inactive e) Reactive

24. The resultant output signals at the anode is in the form of measurable pulses for each group
of?

a) Phonon b) neutron c) Protons d) electron e) Photons

25. Thermal neutrons are more susceptible to propagate a nuclear chain of

a) Boron b) uranium c) uranium-238

d) carbon e) uranium-235

26. The medium that reduces speed of fast neutrons without capturing any neutron while
passing through it is called_______.

a) Condenser b) common source c) neutron source d) detector e) moderator

27. Neutrons can be slow down if they are in_____ with surrounding material.

a) Chemical - equilibrium b) equilibrium c) non-equilibrium

d) none of these e) Thermal - equilibrium

28. When the neutrons are in thermal equilibrium then they have the_____distribution of
energies.

(a) Different b) un equal c) zero d) Opposite e) same

29. The ionization chamber is the simplest detector used for;
a) Scintillator b) Fana factor c) Radioactive contamination
d) None. e) Gas filled radiation

30. Common pair of fragments of U-235 fission is:

a) Stronsium and cerium b) Boron and cadmium c) carbon and cadmium

d) boron and xenon e) xenon and Stronsium
 NUCLEAR PHYSICS -II BS(PHY)M
1. Reactions that occur due to formation and breaking of bonds are termed
as_________.
a) Chemical reactions
b) b) nuclear reactions
c) both a & b
d) d) none of these
2. In the elastic scattering the state of the nucleus___________.
a) Remains unchanged
b) changes for short time
c) changes permanently
d) sometimes changes and sometimes not changes
3. In case of inelastic scattering, the K.E at the exit channel would be___________ to
the entrance channel.
a) Greater
b) b) less
c) equal
d) both a & c
4. In the reaction a+A a + A*, A* shows ___________?
a) Elastic scattering
b) Inelastic scattering
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
5. The Q-value can be represented as __________
a) (mp-mr).931MeV
b) (mr -mp).939.58 MeV
c) (mr -mp).931MeV
d) None of these
6. If nucleus interact with each other without changing the nature of any nuclide then
the process is________
a) nuclear reaction
b) chemical reaction
c) nuclear scattering
d) chemical scattering
7. First transmutation is made in________?
a) 1911
b) 1919
c) 1930
d) 1932
8. Nuclear reaction depend upon ________?
a) Energy
b) Medium
c) both a and b
d) none
9. When10Mev energy is given to nucleon ,then the reaction is________?
 a) low energy reaction
b) medium energy reaction
c) high energy reaction
d) no reaction will occur
10. When the energy is given to nucleon i-e greater than 100 Mev then reaction
is________?
a) low energy reaction
b) medium energy reaction
c) high energy reaction
d) no reaction will occur
11. The conversion of an element into another is________?
a) Transmutation
b) Transition
c) chemical reaction
d) both a and b
12. Compound nucleus is_____.
a) Stable
b) Most stable
c) Unstable
d) None of these
13. Mean Life of compound nucleus
a) 10-23 to 10-21
b) 10-22 to 10-21
c) 10-24 to 10-23
d) 10-22 to 10-19
14. The compound nucleus disintegrates into small ejected particles(+) within time of
a) 10-19 to 10-14
b) 10-18 to 10-15
c) 10-19 to 10-15
d) 10-22 to 10-19
15. Al-27 is bombarded with proton Si-28 formed in
a) High energy state
b) Low energy state
c) Moderate energy state
16. Si-28 decays into Mg-24 and
a) 𝜶 − 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆
b) 𝛽 − 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
c) 𝛾 − 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
d) Photon
17. Compound nucleus is good in explaining reaction in
a) High energy state
b) Low energy state
c) Moderate energy state
18. Formation of Compound nucleus is called
a) Exit Channel
 b) Entrance Channel
c) Exist Channel
19. The process of disintegration of compound nucleus is called
a) Exit Channel
b) Entrance Channel
c) Exist Channel
20. If energy is concentrated on a single nucleon, what happened
a) 𝜸 − 𝑹𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒑𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 is emitted
b) 𝑎 − 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 are emitted
c) 𝛽 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 are emitted
d) 𝛽 − 𝑅𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 is emitted
21. If energy is concentrated on group of nucleons, what happened
a) 𝛾 − 𝑅𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 is emitted
b) 𝒂 − 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 are emitted
c) 𝛽 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 are emitted
d) 𝛽 − 𝑅𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 is emitted
22. 𝐶𝑢 + 𝐻 → ( 𝑍𝑛)*  Here Zn is Compound Nucleus ,which one is correct?
a) 𝑍𝑛 + 𝑛
b) 𝐶𝑢 + 𝑛 + 𝐻
c) 𝑍𝑛 + 2 𝑛
d) 𝑨𝒍𝒍 of these
23. In which scattering energy of neutron is same
a) Elastic Scattering
b) In elastic Scattering
c) Compton Scattering
d) Photon Scattering
24. In Centre of Mass of Frame Total mass should b
a) Maximum
b) Minimum
c) Zero
25. X( p, d )Y called
a) Stripping reaction
b) Pick up reaction
c) Transfer reaction
d) Captured reaction
26. Compound nucleus is --------- in direction
a) Symmetry
b) A-Symmetry
c) Superposition
27. Time taken by Direct reaction
a) ≅ 10-23s
b) ≅ 𝟏𝟎-22s
c) ≅ 10-21s
d) ≅ 10-20s

28. Energy state of nucleus is measured in units:

a) eV
 b) MeV
c) KeV
d) Barn
29. During the transition of nucleons, the following particle is emitted:
a) Gamma rays
b) X-rays
c) 𝛼 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
d) All
30. Higher energy level has:
a) More spacing
b) Intermediate spacing
c) Less spacing
d) None
31. The energy level that is real but unstable is:
a) Virtual
b) Bound
c) Un bound
d) Visible
32. The compound nucleus theory incident particle losses its energy in case of:
a) Large nuclei
b) Light nuclei
c) Heavy nuclei
d) Both a & c
33. Energy level of electron is measured in:
a) eV
b) KeV
c) MeV
d) Both a & b
34. Due to electron re arrangement following particle is emitted:
a) X-Rays
b) Gamma ray
c) Alpha particle
d) Proton
35. The excitation energy of ground state is:
a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 0.2
d) 0
36. The lower energy level of nucleus is:
a) Below 1MeV
b) Below 2MeV
c) Below 3MeV
d) Below 4MeV
37. The energy level of nucleus between 2-6MeV is:
a) Low
b) Moderate
c) High
 d) None
38. The de excitation of energy in bound state takes place by the emission of:
a) Neutron
b) Proton
c) Gamma ray
d) Alpha particle
39. Nucleus has energy levels that are:
a) Discrete
b) Continuous
c) Analog
d) All
40. Threshold energy quite large with z<90 for:
a) light nuclei
b) heavy nuclei
c) radioactive nuclei
d) none of these
41. Threshold energy quite large with z>90 for:
a) light nuclei
b) heavy nuclei
c) radioactive nuclei
d) none of these
42. The minimum excitation energy required for a reaction to occur is known is
a) threshold energy
b) critical energy
c) activation energy
d) all of these
43. For heaver nucleus with Z>90, the critical energy for even nucleus is about
a) 4 to 6MeV
b) 5 to 7MeV
c) 3 to 5MeV
d) 2 to 4 MeV
44. For reaction to occur the excitation energy must be -------- of particular value
a) below
b) above
c) equal
d) none of these
45. Any nucleus can be split into sufficiently:
a) high state
b) low state
c) equal state
d) all of these
46. If collision do not take place with enough then reaction
a) occur
b) do not occur
c) none of these
47. All the produced particle in C.O.M system
a) rest
 b) Motion
c) vibrate
d) oscillate
48. After collision we have "n"particle:
a) difference masses
b) same masses
c) different masses
d) all of these
49. Q value for the formation of Helium from deuterium and tritium is:
a) 17.5 MeV
b) -17.5 MeV
c) 117.5 MeV
d) -117.5 MeV
50. When Gamma rays fall on U-238 we obtain:
a) Two neutrons
b) 1 neutron
c) Three neutrons
d) None
51. Expression for Q-Value is:
a) K.E of reactants – K.E of products
b) K.E of products – K.E of reactants
c) K.E of products+ K.E of reactants
d) B.E of target nucleus + B.E of product nucleus
52. Conditions for Exoergic reaction are:
a) + ve Q-Value, Ti >Tf, Mp > Mi
b) +ve Q-Value, Ti < Tf, Mp > Mi
c) +ve Q-Value, Ti >Tf, Mp < Mi
d) -ve Q-Value, Ti >Tf, Mp > Mi

Note: Vice versa would be true for Endoergic reactions.

53. What is true for nuclear reactions:
a) Law of conversation of Momentum holds
b) Law of Conservation of Energy holds
c) Inelastic collision can occur.
d) All of the above
54. The ----------------------- of a nucleus is used to describe the probability that a nuclear
reaction will occur.
a) Nuclear cross section
b) Bound energy levels
c) Level width
55. Area of nucleus where interaction take place is called
a) Endoergic interaction
b) Nuclear cross section
c) Compound reaction
56. Cross section is defined by
a) σ = R / I
b) σ= I / R
 c) R=σ/I
57. σ= R/I in this cross section formula I is the ……
a) no of incident particles per unit time per unit area
b) no of target particles per unit time per unit area
c) no of reaction per unit time per unit area
58. commonly used units for cross section is ……..
a) meters per sec
b) barn
c) Mev per nucleon
59. 1 barn =
a) 10 𝑚
b) 100𝑓𝑚
c) Both a and b
60. In case of proton the cross section area around the nucleus is
a) Zero
b) Very less
c) Greater
61. In case of neutron the cross section area around the nucleus is
a) Zero
b) Very less
c) Greater
62. The reason of less cross section area around nucleus in case of proton is
a) It is difficult to induce reaction b/w proton and nucleus due to repulsion
b) No repulsion occur b/w proton and nucleus
c) None of above
63. The reason of less cross section area around nucleus in case of neutron
a) It is difficult to induce reaction b/w neutron and nucleus due to repulsion
b) No repulsion occur b/w neutron and nucleus
c) None of above
64. The actual size of the nucleus is less or equal to the actual size of the nucleus based
upon the
a) Nature of nuclear reaction
b) Depend upon the incident particle
c) Depend upon the velocity

65. If we take ------------------ neutron it will penetrate through the material without
interaction with nucleus .
a) High velocity
b) Low velocity
c) Thermal neutron
66. Low velocity neutron or thermal neutron have
a) Higher de-Broglie wave length
b) Low de- Broglie wave length
c) None of above
67. N(x) – dN where dN is the
a) No. of interaction
b) No. of particles
 c) No. of density
68. N(x) – dN where N(x) is the
a) No. of interaction
b) No. of particles which survives
c) No. of density
69. The relation which show how the no. of incident particles penetrates into a material
medium so, no. of particles survive after penetration through distance x is
a) 𝑵(𝒙) = 𝑵𝒐 𝒆 𝒏𝝈𝒙
b) 𝑁(𝑥) = 𝑁𝑜 𝑒
c) 𝑁(𝑥) = 𝑁𝑜 𝑒
70. Greater the nucleus corss section greater will be the probability and no. of particles
will be …………….
a) Decrease sharply
b) Increase sharply
c) No. reaction occur
71. ………………….. characterizes the broadening of an energy level and the energy spread
in the level.
a) Level width
b) Endoergic rection
c) Compound nucleus
72. The uncertainty is the measure of energy of a particles state is called
a) Level width
b) Uncertainty principle
c) De-excitation
73. Level width is represented by
a) Σ
b) Λ
c) Г
74. Mean life time = t =
a) 1/ λ
b) 1/2λ
c) none of above
75. A state with small life have ……………………… levels width
a) Large
b) Small
c) Sharply defined
76. A state with large life have ……………….. level width
a) Smaller
b) Sharply defined
c) Both a and b
77. If the mirror image of the nuclear spin is opposite then, parity is
a) +ve
b) -ve
c) 0
d) None of these
78. Parity is defined as
a) P= (1)l
 b) P= (1)-l
c) P= (1)o
d) P= (-1)l
79. For 𝐻 , parity is
a) Even
b) Odd
c) Zero
d) None
80. Isospin is also called
a) Isotopic
b) Isobaric
c) Both a &b
d) All of above
81. A state with small level width is defined:
a) Poorly
b) Highly
c) Sharply
d) Weakly
82. If an incident particle is neutron than the area of cross section is:
a) Smaller
b) Greater
c) Intermediate
d) Average
83. The excited states are characterized by quantum numbers that describes its:
a) Angular momentum
b) Parity
c) Iso spin
d) All
84. Even parity (P=+1) for
a) l=1, 3, 5, 7…….
b) l=0, 2, 4, 6……
c) l=0,-2,-4,-6……
d) l= -1,-3,-5,-7…
85. The orbital angular momentum and parity for 𝐿𝑖 will be
a) l=0, p= even
b) l=1, p= odd
c) l=2, p= even
d) l=3, p= odd
86. The excitation energy of every nucleus is dependent on
a) Number of Neutrons
b) Number of protons
c) Structure of nucleus
d) Parity
87. Parity for the 𝑂 in the state 𝐷 will be:
a) Odd
b) even
c) both a and b
 d) none of these
88. If the reversed nuclear structure of the state looks same as original then its parity
will be:
a) Positive
b) negative
c) both a and b
d) none of these

89. Property that is the characteristic of families of related subatomic particles differing
principally in the values of their electric charge is called
a) Isospin
b) isobaric spin
c) isotopic spin
d) All of these
90. A state with small life time has ____level width and is ____ defined.
a) Large, strongly
b) small, poorly
c) large, poorly
d) small, strongly
91. Which of the following order of parities for the sub-shells s, p, d, f is correct?
a) even, odd, odd, even
b) odd, even, even, odd
c) odd, even, odd, even
d) even, odd, even,
92. 1Barn=
a) 10-22cm2
b) 10-24cm2
c) 10-26cm2
d) 10-28cm2
93. Nuclear cross section depends upon
a) Type of target nucleus
b) Type of nuclear reaction
c) Energy of incident particles
d) all of these
94. Nuclear cross section area (б) is defined as
a) R/T
b) T/R
c) R/I
d) I/R
95. A state with small life time has ____level width and is ____ defined.
a) Large. Astrongly
b) small, poorly
c) large, poorly
d) small, strongly
96. A state with large life time has
a) Small level width
b) Large level width
 c) Poorly defined
d) None of these
97. Mean life time is equal to
a) 1
b) 1/λ
c) λ
d) t

98. The process of disintegration of compound nucleus is called

a) Entrance channel
b) Decay of nucleus
c) Exit channel
d) Residual nucleus
99. Unit for nuclear cross section is __________ and is equals to_______.
a) kappa,10-28 kappa ,
b) barn,10-28 m2 barns
c) barn,10-26 m2 barns
d) none, of these
100. Sharply defined energy states have __________ life time.
a) large
b) small
c) uncertain
d) d)both b & c
101. Nuclear cross section area can be ________ than the actual size of the nucleus.
a) small
b) Large or greater
c) Equal
d) all of these
102. Nuclear Resonance formula introduce in
a) 1934
b) 1936
c) 1931
d) 1935
103. Nuclear Resonance formula introduce by
a) Gregory Breit
b) Breit-Wigner
c) Eugene Wigner
d) Gregory wigner
104. If energy of incident and target matches then known as
a) Nuclear energy
b) Nuclear Resonance
c) Bound energy
d) Virtual energy
105. In compound nucleus incident particle
a) Lost its origin in a compound nucleus
b) Get excited in a compound nucleus
 c) Trapped in a compound nucleus
d) All above
106. Which one expression used for travelling wave
a) 𝝍 = eiKx
b) 𝜓 = e-iKx
c) 𝜓 =HE
d) None
107. Energy will be decrease in the case of
a) Emission
b) Absorption
c) Transmission
d) Both a &b
108. 3. Wave vector is equal to
𝟐𝝅
a) K=
𝝀
b) K=
c) K=
d) K=i𝜔
109. 4. What will be result of travelling wave by decreasing amplitude 𝜓 ∗ 𝜓 =
a) e+2Kx
b) e-2Kx
c) e+3Kx
d) Both a &b
110. Which one expression used for de-Broglie wavelength of incident projectile
a) 𝜆 =
b) 𝜆 =
𝒉
c) 𝝀 =
𝒑
d) 𝜆 =
111. What is value of charge on electron?
a) 1.6*10-19C
b) 1.6*10-19J
c) 1.6*10-27C
d) 1.6*10-31C
112. Mass of electron is given by
a) 9.11*10-31kg
b) 511 keV/c2
c) 1.67*10-27kg
d) both a and b
113. Mass of proton is given by
a) 1.67*10-27 MeV/c2
b) 9.11*10-31kg
c) 511*10-6kg
d) 1.673*10-27kg
114. Mass of neutron is approximately equal to the mass of:
a) electron
b) proton
c) positron
d) muon
115. Which of the following is the value of Planck’s Constant “h” = ?
a) 4.136*10-15eVs
b) 6.626*10-34J
c) 0.6626*10-35J
d) All of above
116. Which of the following is the value of Boltzmann Constant “k” = ?
a) 8.617*10-5eVK-1
b) 1.38*10-23J
c) 8.617*10-32JK-1
d) 1.67*10-27 JK-1
117. The SI units of Rydberg Constant are?
a) JK-1
b) m-1
c) Js
d) Nm/s
118. The value of Bohr Magneton is = ?
a) 1.67*10-27 JT-1
b) 1.38*10-23JT-1
c) 9.27*10-24JT-1
d) 8.617*10-32JT-1
119. The value of Nuclear magneton is = ?
a) 9.27*10-24JT-1
b) 5.0508*10-27JT-1
c) 3.1525*10-14 MevT-1
d) Both b and c
120. Unified atomic mass unit is equal 1u = ?
a) 1.6*10-19kg
b) 1.66*10-27kg
c) 939.5678*10-25kg
d) 1.6*10-19MeV/c2
121. 1eV =_______________?
a) 1.6*1019J
b) 9.31*10-31J
c) 1.67*10-27J
d) 1.6*10-19J
122. 1atm = _______?
a) 3.16*107Nm-2
b) 1.01*105Nm-2
c) 1.01*106Nm-2
 d) 1.01*107Nm-2
123. Number of seconds in year = ?
a) 1.15*107s
b) 1.15*108s
c) 3.16*107s
d) 3.16*108s
124. gram of molecule at STP occupies:
a) 24.2liters
b) 22.4liters
c) 23.4liters
d) 25.4liters
125. If T = 1/2mv2 and K.E is 70MeV then velocity of neutron
a) 1.158*108ms-1
b) 1.158*107ms-1
c) 1.158*10-8 ms-1
d) 1.158*10-7 ms-1
126. Neutron was discovered in:
a) 1930
b) 1932
c) 193
d) 1937
127. When Alpha particles strike at Be, some rays are emitted:
a) Gamma rays
b) X rays
c) Neutrons
d) Protons
128. When neutrons strike at paraffin wax emitted.
a) Alpha particles
b) Gamma rays
c) Protons
d) Electrons
129. Atomic masses are denoted by the symbol
a) 𝜎
b) ∆
c) 𝝁
d) 𝜎
130. Neutrons are constructed of other particles called
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Leptons
d) Quarks
131. 1𝜇 is equal to:
a) 1.66054× 10 g
b) 1.66054× 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟕 Kg
 c) 1.66054× 10 Mev/𝐶
d) None
132. When atomic disintegration was studied by chadwick & Rutherford they seeing that
atomic no. was ------------- atomic mass.
a) Equal to
b) Less than
c) Greater than
d) Proportional to
133. Spin of proton & neutron is:
a) 1/2𝝁𝑵
b) 1/2𝜇
c) 3/2𝜇
d) 3/2𝜇
134. Spin of electron is:
e) 1/2𝜇
f) 1/2𝝁𝑩
g) 3/2𝜇
h) 3/2𝜇
135. Which of the following does not require a neutron to start or take place:
a) Fission
b) Fusion
c) Radioactive Decay
d) None
136. Accelerated protons hit a heavy target causing emission of neutrons.This neutron
source is:
a) Nuclear Reactor
b) Fusion
c) Spallation
d) Neutron Generator
137. Spallation sources are ________ neutron sources:
a) Low flux
b) High flux
c) Instant
d) Cheap
138. Reaction in spallation neutron source occur at threshold of incident particles i.e.:
a) 5-15 KeV
b) 50-100 MeV
c) 5-15 MeV
d) over 100MeV
139. Neutrons are produced in short pulses in _______neutron source:
a) Photofission
b) Neutron Generator
c) Spallation
 d) Nuclear Reactor
140. Particles which strike the target are accelerated by __________ in spallation.
a) Cyclotron
b) Synchrotron
c) Betatron
d) LINAC
141. In Spallation neutron source,a source of _______ is produces in short pulses.
a) 1020 neutrons per second
b) 1017 neutrons per second
c) 105 neutrons per second
d) 1013 neutrons per second
142. In Spallation neutron source,bombarded particles are______in size than size of
target:
a) Less
b) Greater
c) Equal
d) None
143. Which accelerator used in light ions accelerator?
Ans. Linear accelerator
144. Neutron can produced by using target
Ans. Deuterium, tritium, lithium and low z-materials
145. Light ions are used in light ion accelerator
Ans. H, Li
146. Which is used as light ion and target material in light ion accelerator
Ans. Li
147. Neutron generator can be achieved by a___ in deuterium lab.
Ans. 100kv
148. Continuous source of neutron
Ans. ~ 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 neutron/seconds
149. 𝛼 reacts as reactant and produced neutron in
Ans. Radioisotope source (𝜶, n)
150. Last neutron in a nucleus is
Ans. weakly bounded
151. Be bombarded ,To produce the neutron by alpha in__
Ans. Exothermic reaction
152. Portable and weak source of neutron__
Ans. Radioisotope source (𝜸, n)
153. Naturally occurring radioactive material sy mili
Ans. Portable source
154. Radium and plutonium can used for
Ans. 𝜶 emitter
155. 𝛾 ray has
Ans. Greater range
156. Two physical components can be separated by
Ans. Switch off the reaction
157. Mon energetic produced by
Ans. Radioisotope source (𝜸, n)
158. 𝛾-source Antimony-124 use to get
Ans. 𝜸 ray
159. Be bombarded ,To produce the neutron by 𝛾 ray in__
Ans. Endothermic reaction
160. Expensive and can be nearly Mon energetic
Ans. Fusion generator
161. The reverse process of nuclear decay is called
a) Transmutation
b) Beta decay
c) Exothermic
d) Alpha decay
162. A moderator is used to slow
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Alpha particles
d) Beta particles
163. Scintillator and ____ collectively called scintillation head.
a) Counter
b) Photomultiplier tube
c) Both a and b
d) None of these

164. Detectors that detect the charged particles generated in neutron induced nuclear
reactions are
a) Semi conductor detectors
b) Direct ion storage detector
c) Both a and b
d) None of these

165. Gas detectors are efficient only for

a) Thermal neutrons
b) Epithermal neutrons
c) Fast neutrons
d) Intermediate neutrons

166. For slowing down a neutron, shielding of which material is required

a) Concrete
b) Polythene
 c) Both a and b
d) None of these

167. In moderator to slow down fast moving neutrons ____ is used

a) H2O
b) D2O
c) Both a and b
d) None of these

168. The energy of the scattered neutrons depends upon the

a) Mass of scattered neutrons
b) Scattering angle
c) Both a and b
d) None of these

169. The photomultiplier converts the light energy into

a) Chemical energy
b) Electrical energy
c) Both a and b
d) None of these

170. In scinillators, dynode is used for

a) Stopping electrons
b) Multiplication of electron
c) Generating pulses
d) None of these

171. For gas filled detectors, which one of the following is correct?
a) Nuclides with moderate cross section are the best for filling
b) Nuclides with high cross section are the best for filling
c) Nuclides with low cross section are the best for filling
d) None of these

172. Protons and tritium are detected by Proportional counter using

a) H2 filled gas
b) O2 filled gas
c) 3He filled gas
d) None of these

173. _____gas filled detectors utilize B10to produced charge particles

a) Boron tri fluoride
b) Boron tetra fluoride
 c) Boron fluoride
d) None of these

174. Nuclear magneton is equal to

a) 5.50508×10-23 JT-1
b) 5.50508×10-27 JT-1
c) 5.50508×10-19 JT-1
d) 5.50508×10-11 JT-1

175. ___ performed the experiments to show the radiation consisted of uncharged
particles with about same mass as of proton.
a) Rutherford
b) James Chadwick
c) Herbert Becker
d) J.J. Thomson

176. LINAC is an example of

a) Neutron generator
b) Light Ion accelerator
c) Spallation neutron source
d) Photo fission
177. Hydrogen converts into Helium in
a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Transmutation
d) None of these
178. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is said to be
a) nuclear fission
b) nuclear fusion
c) nuclear power
d) nuclear transmutation
179. In nuclear fusion, as compared to the masses of original nuclei, the final nucleus is
always
a) Equal
b) More
c) Less
d) Zero
180. The release of energy from the sun is due to
a) nuclear fission
b) nuclear fusion
c) burning of gases
 d) chemical reaction
181. The way to achieve nuclear fusion by using extremely high temperatures is
a) Thermo nuclear fusion
b) Transmutation
c) Nuclear fission
d) None of these
182. Energy release in Nuclear Fusion is
a) 7MeV
b) 8MeV
c) 9MeV
d) 10MeV
183. The atomic de-excitation in scintillation produces a low energy:
a) Electron
b) proton
c) photon
d) neutron
184. The photo cathode emits one electron for each arriving photon by the:
a) Photoelectric effect
b) Compton effect
c) pair production
d) none of these
185. No of pulses per unit time gives information about ……….. of radiation:
a) Velocity
b) intensity
c) density
d) both a and b
186. When small amount of impurity atoms added in pure Si or Ge they act as:
a) Resistor
b) Ammeter
c) diode
d) capacitor
187. Semiconductor detectors detect charged particles generated in ……………. nuclear
reaction:
a) Neutron induced
b) compound
c) direct
d) all of these
188. There are ………… types of semiconductor neutron detectors:
a) Three
b) two
c) five
d) six
189. A ………. is absorbed in reactive film and emits energetic reaction products:
 a) Electron
b) proton
c) neutron
d) both b and c
190. Reaction product may reach semiconductor surface and produces:
a) Electron
b) holes
c) electron hole pairs
d) none of these
191. Under reverse biased voltage, electron hole pairs drifted through diode to produced:
a) Induced current
b) voltage
c) resistance
d) drift velocity
192. Gas detectors are efficient for thermal neutron having
a) High energy
b) B) Low energy
c) no effect of energy
d) Depend upon the suitable conditions
193. In fast breeder reaction, a thick blanket of depleted fertile material ___________ is
used as_______________.
a) Uranium, as a moderator
b) Boron, as a moderator
c) Uranium, to absorb the neutrons from the fissile material and gets converted
into fissile material.
d) Boron, to absorb the neutrons from the fissile material and gets converted into
fissile material.
194. A moderator:
a) Absorb neutrons
b) does not absorb neutrons
c) Accelerate neutron
d) None of these
195. Effective moderator are those materials which contain:
a) Light weight atoms
b) Heavy weight atoms
c) Critical atoms
d) No weight atoms
196. Which moderator is used in pressurized water reactor
a) Graphite
b) Heavy water
c) Light water
 d) none of these
197. In a nuclear reactor, neutron could be slow down by moderator if they are in;
a) Equilibrium state
b) Thermal equilibrium state
c) Non equilibrium state
d) None of these
198. If equilibrium establish between neutrons and moderator then their distribution
energies will be;
a) Same
b) Different
c) High
d) Low
199. Max-Well Boltzmann distribution tells us about statistics of a number of particles at;
a) Same energies in thermal equilibrium
b) Different energies in thermal equilibrium
c) Some of them are in thermal equilibrium
d) None of these
200. Formula for Max-Well Boltzmann distribution is;
a) n(E) = n ( 4/πKBT)1/2 E1/2 exp(E/KBT)
b) n(E) = n ( 4/πKBT)1/3 E1/2 exp(-E/KBT)
c) n(E) = n ( 4/πKBT)1/2 E1/3 exp(-E/KBT)
d) n(E) = n ( 4/πKBT)1/2 E1/2 exp(-E/KBT)
201. value of Boltzmann constant is ;
a) KB= 1.38*10^-23 JK-1
b) KB= 1.38*10^-22 JK-1
c) KB= 1.38*10^-25 JK-1
d) KB= 1.38*10^-26 JK-1
202. The most probable energy at an absolute temperature (T=300K);
a) 𝐾𝑇2
𝟏
b) 𝑲𝑻
𝟐
c) 𝐾𝑇
d) 𝐾𝑇
203. The average energy at absolute temperature is;
a) 𝐾𝑇
𝟑
b) 𝑲𝑻
𝟐
c) 𝐾𝑇
d) 𝐾𝑇

204. When neutron hits a Uranium atom then we get ;

a) 3 neutrons
 b) 2 neutrons
c) 1 neutron

205. Neutrons which are produced by Uranium atom in fission reaction are
a) Slow neutrons
b) Fast neutrons
c) Neither slow nor fast
d) None of these

206. In, elastic collision energy and momentum ;

a) Not conserved
b) Conserved
c) May be conserved
d) None of these

207. The energy of the scattered neutron in elastic collision depends on the ;
a) Scattering angle and mass of scattering nucleus
b) Just scattering angle
c) Just mass of the nucleus
d) None of these

208. In elastic collision, conservation of momentum in the x-direction is ;

a) mvm= mv’mCosφ + Mv’MCosθ
φ Blue dot show
b) mvm= mv’mSinθ + Mv’MCosφ the scattered
c) mvm= mv’mSinθ + Mv’MSinφ neutron and
θ
d) mvm= mv’mCosθ + Mv’MCosφ red show the
209. when elastic collision take place then conservation of momentum in the y- recoiling
direction is; nucleus
a) 0= mv’mSinθ + Mv’M Sinφ
b) 0= mv’mCosθ + Mv’MCosφ
c) 0= mv’mSinφ + Mv’MCosθ
d) 0= mv’mCosφ + Mv’MCosθ
210. Neutron generators are categorized under __________ sources.
a) Large neutron
b) Medium neutron
c) Small neutron
d) None of these
211. Photo fission is termed under the ________ source.
a) Large neutron
b) Medium neutron
 c) Small neutron
d) None of these
212. Uranium 235 undergoes fission with the thermal neutrons, results into _________
neutrons?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) None of these
213. The by product of the DT(Deuterium, tritium )fusion is free____________?
a) Electron
b) Proton
c) Neutron
d) None of these
214. System in which two or more neutrons fuse together , with the emission of the
energy is known as ___________ system.
a) Fission
b) Fusion
c) Both a & b
d) None of these
215. In nuclear reactions , term “spallation” event applies to ________.
a) Random event
b) Sequential events
c) Spontaneous events
d) None of these
216. In nuclear reactions, spallation event occurs, when the wave length of the incident
particles is ____________?
a) Equal to de-Broglie wavelength
b) Less than de-Broglie wavelength
c) Equal to diameter of nucleus
d) None of these
217. In case of bremsstrahlung/ photo fission ___________ are incident on the nucleus
which results into neutrons.
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Gamma rays
d) None of these
218. 𝐻 +𝐻 𝐻 +______+ 17.6MeV

a) 2n
b) n
c) 5n
d) 0n
219. 𝐻 +𝐵𝑒 ______ + ______+ 5.7MeV
 a) 𝐶 , 2n
b) 𝐶 ,n
c) 𝑪𝟏𝟐𝟔 ,n
d) None of these
220. As neutron is chargeless particle they involve________. For their detection.
a) Direct reactions
b) Indirect reactions
c) Both a & b
d) None of these
221. While neutron detection, to control ionization , _________gas is employed.
a) Inert
b) Quenching
c) Chlorine
d) None of these
222. In the detection mechanism of neutron , “scintillators” involves production of UV or
visible light upon interaction of _____ with phosphorous?
a) Alpha rays
b) chemical
c) Ionized radiations
d) None of these
223. For low energy thermal electrons __________ detectors are proved effective.
a) Gas
b) Semiconductor detector
c) Both a & b
d) None of these
224. Moderators are employed to _____________ the neutrons.
a) Increase the speed of
b) decrease the speed of neutron
c) destruct the neutron
d) none of these
225. Elastic scattering in nuclear reaction implies, conservation of ________?
a) K.E & momentum
b) K.E & P.E
c) K.E
d) None of these.

The end
 Asma Tariq

Bsf1603608

Nuclear Physics McQ.

Lec#1
1: Chemical reactions involve an atoms_______:

a)Nucleus b)Electron c)Neutron

2: Nuclear reaction involves the atoms________:

a)Neutron b)proton c)Nucleus

3: The nucleus consist of_______:

a)Neutron b)Neutron & proton c) Electron & neutron

4: Nucleus is______:

a) Positively charged b) Negatively charged c) Neutral d) Keeps charge on changing

5: Unit of nuclear cross section is:

a)W/s b)MeV c)barn

6: A reaction with negative Q-value is called:

a) Endothermic b) exothermic c) none

7:a+A→a+A* This equation is for_____scattering.

a) Elastic b) inelastic

8: Nuclear reaction is_______ to chemical reaction.

a)Greater b)Low c) equal

9: When free protons and neutrons join to form a nucleus the energy is:

a) Absorb b) Destroyed c) Created d) Released

10: In exothermic reaction, final energy is_______ than initial energy.

a) Greater b) less c) equal

LEC#2
1: First nuclear reaction was done by Rutherford using:

a)Alpha particle b) Beta particle c) Gamma particle

2: First particle accelerator using in nuclear reaction was built in:

a) 1925 b)1930 c)1935 d)1940

3: In low energy reaction, the energy for reaction is:

a)5MeV b)7MeV c)10MeV

4: The conversion of one element into another is called:

a)Transformation b)Transmutation c)None

5: First artificial transmutation was made by:

a)Henry in 1895 b)Rutherford in 1919 c)Chadwick in 1925

6: A nuclear reaction a+X arrow Y+b, in this equation “a” is called:

a)Target particle b)Reactant c)Accelerated projectile

7: a+X → Y+b, In this equation if “Y” and “b” are in there ground state after scattering then it is called as:

a)Elastic scattering b)Inelastic scattering c)None

8: a+X → Y+b, In this equation if “Y” and “b” are in there excited state after scattering then it is called as:

a) Elastic scattering b) Inelastic scattering c) None

9: The energy released in a nuclear reaction can appear in how many ways:

a)2 b)3 c) 4

10: When alpha particles were used as projectile then reaction was found to be_________:

a) Very slow b) Very high c) Normal

NAME; ASIFA TARIQ

MCQS LEC.3&4

Lecture 3
1. Life of a compound nucleus
(a)10-20 to 1019s (b) 10-22 to 10-21 s (c) 1010 to 105s

2. Al-27 bombarded with proton then formed

(a) mag-24 (b)Al-28 (c) si-28

3. Formation of compound nucleus is called

(a) entrance channel (b) exist channel (c) excited channel

4. If the energy is concentrated on single nucleon then emitted

a. Gamma ray photons (b) alpha ray photon (c) beta ray photon

5. In the center of mass frame total moment is

a. Greater (b) conserved (c) zero

6. X(p, d)Y is

a) Pick up reaction (b) stripping reaction (c) capture reaction

7. the bombarding particles loses all its energy to the ------- in first step

(a) daughter nuclei (b) neutron (c) target nucleus

8. The process of disintegration of compound nucleus is called

(b) exit channel (b) entrance channel (c) none

9.if energy is concentrated to the group of nucleons the particles emitted

(c) beta. (b) gamma. (c)alpha

10. X(n, ϒ)Y is

(a) capture reaction. (b) pickup reaction. (c)stripping reaction

Lecture 4
Mcqs;
1. Angular distribution of emitted particles is independent of
(a) Exist channel (b) entrance channel (c) both

2. Energy states for electrons is measured in

(a) ev (b) kev (c) a&b

3. gamma rays are emitted during the transition of

(a) nucleon (b)protons (b) electrons

4. x rays are emitted during the transition of

(a) proton (b) electrons (c)nucleons

5. generally nuclear energy levels have regions

(a) three (b) two (c) 0ne

6. high energy levels have a energy

(a) 2Mev (b) 6Mev (c) above 6Mev

7. D excitation of energy state take place in ways

(a) Three (b) two (c) four

8. Virtual energy levels are real but

(a) Unstable (b) stable (c) none

9. the incident particles losses its identity in case of

(a) small nuclei (b) large nuclei (c) both a&b

10. high energy levels have spacing:

(a) large. (b) small. (c)medium
Sumera Yasmin BSF1603427
NUCLEAR PHYSICS

MCQ’S

LECTURE 5th Threshold Energy

1. Any nucleus if brought into sufficiently high excited state, then it can be
a) Spilted b) spoiled c) vanish d) none
2. For reaction to occur the excitation energy must be…..a particular value of certain nuclide.
a) Above b) below c) equal d) constant
3. The minimum excitation energy require to nuclear reaction is called
a) Critical energy b) threshold energy c) both d) none
4. Critical energy depends on which factor
a) Number of electrons b) number of neutrons c) nuclear structure
5. Threshold energy may be expressed via
a) Q-value of reaction b) K.E value of reaction c) a & b d) none
6. For Zn<90 ( light nuclei) the critical energy quite
a) Small b) large c) constant d) inverse
7. For Zn>90 the critical energy range is
a) 2-4mev b) 4-6MeV c) 6-8MeV d) 8-12MeV
8. For odd nuclei the critical energy much
a) Higher b) lower c) both c) none
9. For even nuclei the threshold energy is about
a) 4-6ev b) 4-6Mev c) constant d) none
10. P+N ̅ here ̅ is
a) Proton b) antiproton c) anti neutron d) none

Lecture 6th Q-value of nuclear reaction

1. The energy released or absorbed during chemical reaction occur called

a) Q-value b) critical energy c) threshold energy d) none
2. Q-value for is given by
a) 2.0141 amu b) 4.0026amu c) 0.0188amu d) 3.016amu
3. X+A Here ‘’Y’’ is
a) Target nuclei b) daughter nuclei c) outgoing particle d) projectile particle
4. For endoergic reaction total mass of reactant……..total mass of product
a) = b) > c) < d) contestant
5. For exoergic reaction q-value is
a) Positive b) negative c) inverse d) constant
6. For exoergic reaction K.E of products…..K.E of reactants
a) = b) > c) < d) inverse
7. Q-value for deuteron is equal to
a) 2.0141amu b) 3.008amu c) 1.0087amu d) none
8. is
a) Daughter nuclei b) target nucleus c) new particle d) none
9. According to law of conservation of energy total energy of reactants and products are
a) Equal b) not equal c) constant d) inverse
10. In endoergic reaction energy id
a) Liberated b) absorbed d) release d) not change
 Maira Mushtaq
Bsf1603428
Lecture no: 7 & 8
Nuclear cross section &
Excited state of nucleus
Lecture no: 7
1.The cross-section has the units of_____ .

a). area b). volume c). square

2. A commonly used unit for nuclear cross-section is

a). barn b). candela c). volume

3. 1 barn is equal to

a). 10-28 m2 b).10-24 m2 c).10-25m2

4. The uncertainty is the measure of energy of a particle of state is called ____ .

a) level width b) energy width c) band width

5.The level width is denoted by

a) gamma b) lambda c) alpha

6.A state with small life time have large level width is

a) poorly defined b) sharply defined c) normal defined

7. A state with large life time have smaller level width is

a) Sharply defined b) poorly defined c)normal defined

8. The excited state of compound nucleus has a definite mean life time before it decays by any mode of..

a)de-excitation b)re-excitation c) none of these

9.A state with ___ life time have large level width

a) small b) large c)normal

10. A state with ___ lifetime have smaller level width

a) large b) small c) normal

lecture no : 08
1.The locations of the excited states is ____ for each nucleus.

a) different b) same c) none of these

2.Each excited state is characterized by

a) quantum numbers b) magnetic numbers c) shell numbers

3.The excitation energy depends on the internal structure of each

a) nucleus b) atom c) both

4.Isospin is also called

a) isobaric spin b) isotropic spin c) isotonic spin

5. Parities for the shells S and d is

a) positive b) negative c) none

6. Parities for the shells p and f is

a) negative b) positive c) none

7.The excitation energy depends on the ____ of each nucleus

a) internal structure b) external structure c) none

8.The quantum numbers describe the____

a) angular momentum b) spin c) both

9.For shells the values 0,2,4,…. Is known as

a)Even parity b) odd parity c) normal parity

10. For shells the values 1,3,5,… is known as

a) odd parity b) even parity c) normal parity

AYESHA AKRAM!
LEC 9 AND 10 nuclear McQ…

Lec 9
1) the nuclear shell model is similar to the

A) Collective model b) atomic model c) liquid drop model

2) the liquid drop model treat the nucleus as

1) Liquid nuclear properties 2) liquid chemical properties 3) both a and b

3) Collective model emphasize the behavior

A) Chemical b) nuclear c) coherent

4) If get something else zero so energy will be

a) Higher b) lower c) moderate

5) In shell model electrons arrange themselves into

A) states b) shells c) nucleus

6) binding energy are the examples of

a) nuclear properties b) chemical properties c) physical properties

7) binding energy are described in terms of

a) Volume energy b) surface energy c) compressibility d) all

8) collective model emphasize the coherent behaviour of all the

A) nucleons b) nucleus c) electrons

9) area around the nucleus where interaction can take place called

A) nuclear cross section b) nuclear mutual section c) simple section

1o) nuclear cross section can be defined as

a) σ= R\l b) r\l c) l.l

Now, lec 10
1) Breit – wigner formula is given in

a) 1936 (b) 1930 (c) 1929

2. Formula relates the cross section of particular nuclear reaction with energy of

(a) Nucleus (b) incident particles (c) none

 3. For a short range potential there exists

(a) Quasi-bound (b) virtual single particle state (c) a&b

4. Long range potential is like

(a) Negative potential (b) coulomb potential (c) none

5. The formation of many particles excites state all the memory of original mode of excitation is

a) Lost (b) increases (c) decreases

6) long range potential like coulomb potential have no

a) quasi states b)virtual single particle state c) both a and b

7) we have no mechanism for the changing the energy of the

A) incident particle b) scattering particle c) absorbing particle

8) we have no way of absorbing the bombarding particles in to the

A) compound nucleus b) simple nucleus c) both a and b

8) σ = R \l where sigma is called

a) section b) cross section c) simple sigma

9) σ= R \L Where R is called

A) no. of reaction per unit time per nucleons b) no . of reaction c) per unit time

10) σ=R\L where L is called

A) no. of incident particle per unit time per unit area b) per unit time c) per unit area
RIMSHA ARSHAD

BSF1603433

LECTURE #11-12

Breit-wigner formula
1-the projectile can be momentarily trapped in ____of thes excited state

a)one b)two c)three d)four

2-excited states ________ its energy through interaction with nucleus.

a)donate b)lose c)gain d)sharing

3-energy through interaction _____the nucleus

a)outside b)inside c)center d)none

4-the energy is more concentrated in a _____particle.

a)single b)double c)triple d)more than one

5-the scattering processes when absorption is involved is called

a)shell model b)optical model c)nuclear model d)collective model

6-a traveling wave moving in a potential , wave function is:

a)Ψ𝑘𝑥 b)Ψ𝑖𝑘 c)Ψ𝑖𝑘𝑥 d)𝜙 𝑖𝑘𝑥

7-travelling wave

a)increasing amplitude b)decreasing amplitude c)constant amplitude d)ampilude

8-the transmitted particle is being absorbed is called

a)increasing amplitude b)decreasing amplitude c)constant amplitude d)ampilude

9-estimate the mean free path

a) ψ>V b) ψ<W c)V<<W d)V>>W

10- 𝑘1
2𝜋𝑝 𝑝 1 2𝜋
a) ℎ
b) ℎ
c)𝜆 d) 𝜆
11-shell model potential depth=

a)~30MeV b)~40MeV c)~50 MeV d)~60MeV

12-nuclear radius =

a)1-3 fm b)2-3 fm c)3-4fm d)4-5fm

13-life time of the virtual single particle state before absorption about

a)10−22 𝑠 b)10−23 𝑠 c)10−24 𝑠 d)10−25 𝑠

14) ħ times the total decay probability

a)partial width b)probability decay c)total decay d)total width

15-resonace

a)transition b)total transition c)continuum transition d)discontinuous transition

16 –continuum transition occur depend upon A for A~20

a)~10MeV b)~20MeV c)~30 MeV d)~40MeV

17- continuum transition occur depend upon A for A~200

a)~100MeV b)~200MeV c)~300 MeV d)~400MeV

18-optical model requires a imaginary potential of a

a)5-6MeV B)6-7MeV c)7-8 MeV d)few MeV

19-de-Broglie wavelength of incident projectile

a)𝑒 −𝑘𝑥 b)𝑒 −2𝑘2 𝑥 c)𝑒 𝑘1 𝑥 d)𝑒 −𝑘

20-both diffraction and scattering is phenomena

a)optical model b)shell model c)nuclear model d)collective model

Mahnoor Fatima
Bsf 1603440
Lecture 13,14

Lecture 13 (Nuclear physics)

1.ψ=ψ(r) ℏ ℏ The 1st exponential gives the normal oscillatory time….of wave function

(a) dependence (b) independence (c) both a,b (c) none

2. ψ=ψ(r) ℏ ℏ second exponential give the……..state

(a) decay (b) dependence (c) both a,b (c) none

√ ( )
3. C= here Momentum parameter is

(a) P (b) l (c) both a,b (c) none

√ ( )
4. C= here orbital Momentum parameter is

(a) l (b) p (c) both a,b (c) none

√ ( )
5. C= here particle width momentum for decay parameter

(a) √ (b) p (c) h (c) none

6.ψ=∫ ( ) ℏ This convolution you recognize as ………….transform

(a) Fourier (b) Euler (c) Wigner (c) none

7. For inelastic cross-section ( = − ) at the …………of its resonance

(a) Maximum (b) minimum (c) both a,b (c) none

8.The mixture of the energy level describe

(a) compound nucleus (b) nucleus (c)orbits (c) none

9.In a compound nucleus sence of direction of the incident particle is…..

(a) lost (b) gain (c) both a,b (c) none

10. Incident particle is lost the produced particles are ejected in a essentially…..

(a) isotropic (b) heterotrophic (c) both a,b (c) none

 Lecture 14
1.Charge on electron

(a) 1.6 × 10 (b) 9.11 × 10 (c) 1.673 × 10 (d) 1.675 × 10

2.mass of electron

(a) ) 9.11 × 10 (b) 1.6 × 10 (c) 1.673 × 10 (d) 1.675 × 10

3.mass of proton

(a) ) 1.673 × 10 (b) 1.6 × 10 (c) 9.11 × 10 (d) 1.675 × 10

4. mass of neutron

(a) ) 1.675 × 10 (b) 1.6 × 10 (c) 9.11 × 10 (d) 1.673 × 10

5. planks constant

(a) ) 6.626 × 10 js (b) 1.38 × 10 (c) 3.00 × 10 ms (d) 1.1 × 10

6.Boltzman Constant

(a) ) 1.38 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 3.00 × 10 ms (d) 1.1 × 10

7. Speed of light in free space

(a) ) 3.00 × 10 ms (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) 1.1 × 10

8.Rydberg constant

(a) 1.1 × 10 ) (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

9. Bohr magnetron MB

(a) 9.27 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

10. Nuclear magnetron

(a) 5.0508 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

11. Unified atomic mass unit

(a) 1.66 × 10 (b) 1.6 × 10 (c) 3.16 × 10 (d) none

12.Energy conversion 1ev=

(a) 1.6 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

13. Year in second

(a) 3.16 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

14. Atmosphere pressure

(a) 1.01 × 10 (b) 6.626 × 10 js (c) 1.38 × 10 (d) ) 3.00 × 10 ms

15. 1 gram molecule at STP occupies volume

(a) 22.4 liters (b) 23.4 liters (c) 10.4 liters (d) 10 liters
SYEDA RUBAB

LEC 15 AND 16 MCQS

TOPIC NEUTRON

1. neutron is a subatomic particle having mas slightly greater than

a） electron b） proton c） electron, proton d） piones

2. protons and neutrons are collectively called

a） nucleus b） Nucleons c） Shell d） Atom

3. The no.of protons called

a） mass no b） proton no c） neutron no d） all

4. the atomic mass no is the total no of

a） protons b） neutrons c） electrons d） nucleons

5. the chemical and nuclear properties of the nucleus are determined by

a） no .of protons b） no.of neutrons c） no. of electrons d） both a and b

6. the three most stable isotopes of carbon are

a） C12 b） C12 c） C14 d） All

7. To determine the no of neutrons we use the formula

a） N=A*Z b） N=A/Z c） A=N-Z d） N=A-z

8. with in the nucleus protons and neutrons are bound together through

a） attractive forces b） repulsive forces c） short range forces d） nuclear forces

9. Neutrons are produced continuously in a nuclear

a） fission b） fusion c） reaction d） both a and b

10. nuclear fission was discovered in

a）1935 b）1936 c）1937 d）1938

Name: Aqsa Iqbal
Bsf1603501
Nuclear Mcq’s
Lecture: 17 Discovery of neutron
1:Neutron discover by James-Chadwick in___?
a)1932 b) 1931 c) 1933 d)1934
2: To generate nuclear power neutron use as a___?
a) Target b) projectile c)force d)none
3: In nuclear fission we strike___on heavy nucleous?
a)Proton b)Electron c)Neutron

4:Proton discover by Rutherford in?

a)1917 b) 1920 c) 1918
5: In 1920 Rutherford suggested that nucleous consisted of?
a)only proton b) only Electron c) proton, neutrally charged particle

6:Spiralling of an accelerating electron into the nucleus with progressive

Loss of energy is defect of?
a)Thomson model b)Rutherford model c) James Chadwick
7: Walther Bothe and Herbert produce unusually penetrating radiation

From polonium fell on beryllium ,boron, or lithium in

a)1932 b)1930 c) 1931 d) 1935
8:Bathe and Backer assumed that the unusually penetrating radiation
Is not influenced by electric field is
a)Alpha radiation b) Beta radiation c) Gamma radiation

9: By Irene Joliot-Curie and Frederic Joliot-Curie in Paris showed that

If Gamma radiation fell on paraffin it ejected___of high energy?
a)Electron b)Proton c)none
10: Gamma rays are
a)Positively charged b)negatively charged c) neutral

Lecture#18
1:Chadwick showed by series of experiments that new radiation
Consist on uncharged particles with about same mass as that of
a)proton b)Electron c)both

2:Chadwick won the Nobel prize in

a)1932 b)1935 c)1936
3:When Chadwick and Rutherford studied atomic disintegration they
Seeing that atomic no was ___than atomic mass
a)Less b)Larger c) Equal

4:Hellium atom has an atomic mass of 4 and atomic no of

a)3 b) 2 c)4
5:Electron have almost ____
a) Mass equal to proton b)no mass c)none

6:Rutherford put an idea that there could be a particle with ____ but__?
a)no mass, charge b) mass ,no charge c) none
7:Lithium has Atomic no 3 but mass no___
a)7 b) 6 c) 4
8:Neon has atomic no 10 but mass no__
a)5 b) 15 c) 20
9: Neutron has rest energy ___
a)939.566 MeV b) 339.255MeV c)566.339MeV

10:Megnetic moment of neutron is___?

a)-1.91us b)1.91us c)-4.91us
Lec #19
1.Neutron can also be produced in particler acceleration by using.

(a) Atoms (b) Targets (c) Ions (d) All of these

2.Target must be bombarded with acceleratid

(a) H, Li etc (b) Ag, Neon (c) Neutrons (d) None of these

3.Neutrons are produced in fusion of

(a) Lithium (b) a and c (c) Deutrium Ep tritium (d) All of these

4.Neutrons produced with K. E

(a) 15.1 Mev (b) 21.2 Mev (c) 100 Mev (d) 14.1 Mev

5.Neutron Generator can be achieved by a

(a) 100 kv accelerator (b) 1000 kv accelerator (c) 200 kv accelerator (d) None of these
6.Continous source of neutrons is

(a) ~20” neutrons (b) ~ 10 neutrons/sec (c)~ 1011neutrons/sec (d) None of these

7.In light Isotopes the “last”neutron in the nuclers is

(a) Strongly bound (b) Weakly bound (c) Neutral (d) All of these

8.Radioiosotope is source of

(a) Proton (b) Electron (c) a and b (d) Neutron

9.The bombardment of benyllium by α – particle leads to the production of a neutron by

(a) a and c (b) Endothemic reaction (c) Exthermic reaction (d) All of these

10.Radioisotope is a ___ source of neutron

(a) Weak (b) Strong (c) Opposite (d) None of these
Lec #20

1.Both Fission and Fusion are

(a) Nuclear reaction (b) Atomic energyies (c) a and b (d) None of these

2.Both Fission and Fusion produced

(a) Powers (b) Atoms (c) Energy (d) All of these

3.Both Fission and Fusion are nuclear process by which atoms are altered to

(a) Emit energy (b) Create energy (c) Resist energy (d) None of these

4.Fission the division of one atom into

(a) one (b) three (c) two (d) four

5.Fusion is the combination of two lighter atoms into a

(a) Larger one (b) Smaller one (c) a and b (d) All of these

6.Fission and Fusion are ___ processes

(a) Same (b) Opposing (c) Different (d) None of these

7.Nuclear Fission releases heat energy by

(a) Combining atoms (b) Nuclear reaction (c) Splitting atoms (d) None of these

8.Nuclear Fussion refers to the

(a) Atomic energy (b) Union of atomic (c) Creating energies (d) None of these

9.Application of Fission and Fusion reactions are

(a) Same (b) Opposite (c) Different (d) All of these

10.The neutrons are accelerated and then slammed are accelerated

(a) Stable Isotope (b) Unstable Isotope (c) Neutral Isotope (d) None of these
NUCLEAR PHYSICS MCQS
NAME ADEEBA RAZA

ROLL NO bsf1603547

LECTURE 21
1.Neutron are produced in – of deuterium and tritium.

a)fusion b)fission c)none

2.Neutron are produced with K.E .

a)18.1MeV b)20.1MeV c)14.1MeV

3Radium polonium can be used for

a)α particle b)β particle c)both

4.Neutron can be achieved by a – accelerator for deuterium in lab.

a)10KV b)100KV c)1000KV

5.Neutron can be produced in particle accelerator by using target

a)deuterium ,tritium b)low Z material c)both

6.In certain light isotopes the light neutron in the nucleus is

a)strongly bound b)weakly bound c) normal

7.The disadvantage of fission process is

a)not monoenergetic b)can,t be turned off c)higly gamma ray

background

8.ϒ source _used to get ϒ ray

a)beryllium b)Antimony-124 c)Lithium

9.Disadvantage of photonuclear is

a)cant be turned off b)highly gamma ray background c)both

10.Because of_ range of ϒ rays the two physical component of source cannot be separated making
it possible to switch off, the reaction.

a)greater b)smaller c)normal

LECTURE 22 MCQS
1.Neutron have mass but

a)positive charge b)negative charge c)no charge

2.The electron is deflected much more than positive as it has much

a)greater mass b) smaller mass c)moderate

3The detection process such that it a neutron ith neuclide to produce interact with
a)primary charged particle b) secondary charged particle c)charged
particle

4.Tritium produce _ for weapon programs

a)helium-2 b)helium-3 c)none

5.Neutron have mass but no charge so they cannot directly produce_ in the detector

a)ionization b)detection cdeflection

6.Gas filled detector consist of gas filled between

a)Two electrode b)three electrode c)four

electrode

7.A typical counter consist of a gas filled tube with a

a)low voltage b)high voltage cnormal

8.Neuclide with _ cross section are best for filling in tube.

ahigh b) low c)medium

1 10
9. 0𝑛 + 5𝐵 ->

a)one possibilty b two possibilties c)three

possibilities
4 7
10) 2𝛼 + 3𝐿𝑖 +2.31MeV

a)93% b)94 % c)95%

 NUCLEAR PHYSICS MCQS OF CHAPTER 23 AND 24

SUBMITTED BY SIDRA BIBI

Q.1 The incident neutron if scattered by a hydrogen nucleus produces a recoil?

a) Photon b) Phono c) Proton

Q.2 Produces proton in chamber strike with?

a) Nucleus b) Atoms c) Electron

Q.3 Charges are collected at the?

a) Cathode b) Anode c) Both

Q.4 Signal is propotional to the energy of?

a) recoiling proton b) recoiling neutron c) recoiling photon

Q.5 Energy of proton directly propotional to?

a) Hight of pulse b)Width of pulses c) None of these

Q.6 Examples of Scintillator?

a) Thermal neutron detection b) Fast neutron spectroscopy c) both of these

Q.7 Photomultiplier used to ?

a) enhance the effect f light b) reduce the effect of light c) none of these

Q.8 Scintillation is detected by?

a) Detector b) Photomultiplier c) both a and b

Q.9 In liquid scintillation which of the following is used to convert light into electrical signals?

a) photo multiplier tube b) Photo emissive tube c) photo reflector

Q.10 The reduction in counting of the scintillation detector is called as

a) Disintegration b) Decay c) Quenching

Q. 11 In liquid scintillation counter which of the following is a flourescent substance?

a) Solvent b) Solute c) Crystal

Q.12 First electron device coated with?

a) Neutron reactive material b) Proton reactive material c) both a and b

Q.13 In which film neutron is absorbed?

a) Non Reactive b) Reactive C) none of these

Q. 14 The number of pulses per unit time gives information about the…………of radation?
 a) Intensity b) Frequency c) Volume

Q.15 The resultant out put signals at the anode is in the form of measurable pulses for each
group of?

a) Phonon b) Photons c) Protons

Q.16 The photocathode emits at most……electron for each ariving photon by the photo electric
effect?

a) Two b) One C) three

Q.17 Which of the following is not a type of quenching?

a) Chemical quench b) Interference quench c) Colour quenching

Q.18 Variation of gain with temperature does not cause instability?

a) True b) False

Q.19 photomultiplier used in liquid scintillation detectors are a source of instability?

a) True b) False

Q.20 Sincillation and photomultiplier have………. Functions?

a) Different b) Same c) Opposite

Palwasha Wajahat
BSF1603584
NUCLEAR PHYSICS II
LECTURE # 25
Slowing Down of Neutrons

MCQs

(1) Gas detectors are not efficient for detecting

(a) High energy neutrons(b) Low energy neutrons (c) both a & b (d) none

(2)The moderater which is used to convert high energy neutrons to low energy neutrons is
usually of the thickness.......
(a) 5cm (b) 10cm (c) 15cm (d) 20cm
(3) The medium that reduces speed of fast neutrons without capturing any neutron while
passing through it is called..
(a) condenser (b) moderater (c) neutron source (d) detector
(4) To increase the probability of interaction we need to............ neutrons
(a) speed up (b) pumping (c) slow down (d) both a & b

(5) Thermal neutrons are more susceptible to propagate a nuclear chain of

(a) uranium-235 (b) uranium-236 (c) uranium-238 (d) all of these
(6) The thermal neutron which is used to start fission for chain reaction is of energy
(a) 0.4 eV (b) 0.3 eV (c) 0.2 eV (d) 0.1 eV
(7) The reaction of uranium-236 with gamma ray has half life of

(a) 2.4* 107 yr (b) 2.5*107 yr (c) 2.6*107 yr (d) 2.7*107 yr

(8) Thermal neutrons are also called

(a) high energy neutrons (b) low energy neutrons (c) moderate neutrons (d) none of these
(9) We can use water as moderater
(a) true (b) false

(10) If the energy of neutrons is high than the probability of.......... is more
(a) capture (b) emission (c) scattering (d) all of these
LECTURE # 26
Slowing down of neutrons
MCQs

(1) Neutrons can be slow down if they are in............ with surrounding material
(a) Chemical - equilibrium (b) Thermal - equilibrium (c) non-equilibrium (d) none of these
(2) The statistics of a number of particles at different energies in thermal - e- equilibrium is
analyzed by
(a) Boltzmann (b) Mexwell (c) planks (d) Bohr
(3) The value of Boltzmann constant is

(a) 1.36 *1023 jk-1 (b) 1.36*10-23 jk-1 (c) 1.38*10-23 jk-1 (d) 1.38*1023jk-1

(4) Momentum and kinetic energy are both.......... in elastic collision

(a) conserve (b) varying (c) non - conserve (d) none of these
(5) Before the collision between neutron and nucleus the energy is

(a) E1 (b) Ef (c) Eo (d) E

(6) Equation for conservation of energy is

(a) E = Ef (b) Ef = Er (c) Eo = Ef + Er (d) Eo=Ef-Er

(7) When the neutrons are in thermal - equilibrium then they have the ........distribution of
energies
(a) different (b) un. equal (c) zero (d) same
Name Shazmeen Kiran

Roll No BSF1603591

McQ. Lec # 27

1. The ionization chamber is the simplest detector used for ;

a) Gas filled radiation b) Fana facter c) Radioactive contamination d) All of these

2. Ionization chamber also usedby other radiation instruments such as;

a) Geiger counter b) Proportional counter c) a & b d) None of these

3. Ionization chamber are the preffered means of measuring high levels of ____.

a) Beta rafiation b) Alpha radiation c) Gamma radiation d) All of these

4. The proportional counter is a device uses to measure ;

a) Particles of high energy X-ray b) particles of ionizing radiation c) None of these

5. Proportional counter uses a combination of the mechanism of a

a) Geiger muller tube b) Ionization chamber c) a&b d) none of these

6. Proportional counter useful for charged particle of ;

a) Radioactive decay b) Radioactive contamination c) Spectroscopy d) All of these

7. Proportional counters are also useful for detection of high energy;

a) X- rays b) Photons c) Gamma-rays d) None of these

8. Proportional counters are also used for the detection of ;

a) photons b) Beta particales c) Alpha particales d) X- rays

9. Proportional counters are used extensively to check for ;

a) Attenuation effect b) Radioactive contamination c) a & b d) None of these

10. Proportional counters are normaly used to dectect ;

a) Alpha particales b) Beta particales c) None of these d) Alpha & Beta particales