International Double Blind Peer Reviewed,Refereed,Indexed Research Journal, ISSN(Print)-0975-3486,E-ISSN-2320-5482,Aug-2020

Research Paper- Psychology

Aggression and Psychophysical-Health
among Adolescents of Buksa Tribe
*Dr Neeta Gupta
*Department of Psychology, D.A.V.(PG) College, Dehradun
A B S T R A C T
The present study has tried to explore the level of Aggression and Psychophysical-Health among the
adolescents of Buksa tribe. Buksa is the second major tribe of Uttarakhand after Tharu and followed by
Bhotia, Jaunsari and Raji. The Buksa people now speak Hindi and have customs similar to other
neighbouring Hindi communities. There are few researches which focus on the personality characteristics
and mental-Health of these paople. So the present study has tried to explore Aggression and Psychophysical
Health of Buksa tribes. For this the data was collected on 100 Buksa adolescents ( equally divided in to
Males=50 and Females=50) residing in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Aggression of the tribal adoles-
cents was measured by using Aggression Scale of Roma Pal & Naqvi (1995) and theier Psychophysical-
Health was measured by using The Cornell Medical Index (CMI) developed by Wig, Prasar and Verma
(1998). The sample was selected by using Quota Sampling method. The obtained data was analyzed using
Mean, Sd and t-testing.The results of the present study have revealed some significant results. The results
have revealed that 1. Buksa males were found to report more Aggression as compared to Buksa females.
2. Buksa Adolescents (Total Population) were found to report moderate level of Aggression. 3.Female
adolescents were found to report better psychophysical health than males.4. Buksa Adolescents (Total
Population) were found to report better Physical health as compared to Psychological Health. So, the
results of the present study throw light on the aggression, physical and mental condition of the tribal
adolescents of Buksa and other tribe which may be very useful for their future guidance and councelling.

Key-words: Aggression,Psychophysical-Health, Adolescents and Buxa Tribe.

INTRODUCTION
Aggression is a type of behavior in
which a person overtly or covertly, directly or indirectly,
paasively or actively expresses his agitation and frus-
tration towards some object or person. Aggression
basically involves two things: the victim (who is ex-
posed to aggression and receives all the unwanted
behavior whether in terms of abusive language or physi-
cal assault). The other is the aggressor who bullies the
target or victim. The victim is generally less powerful
than the aggressor because an aggressor always se-
lects a soft target on which he/she can express his/her
anger and frustration.
According to Paszkiewicz (2010),
Aggression is using power to hurt or humiliate other
person. Aggression is a psychological violence; a sus-
tain aggression that strips a person of control and dig-
nity ( Baron & Byrne,2005). On the basis of analyzing
different definition of Aggression Ahmed and
Haque(2007), revealed certain essential properties of
Aggression. First, Aggression is an interpersonal be-
havior. It represents a social nature and it is accompa-
nied by certain emotions and attitudes towards a target
person or group. Secondly, Aggression involves an
intent to cause harm directly or indirectly to the target
person and thirdly, Aggression is a threat to the viola-
tion of social norms. It is directed towards safeguarding
the basic right of the weaker person or group or victims
from stronger one. Since there are various social, eco-
nomic, situational and cultural factor that determine the
amount of presence and expression of Aggression. So
the present study has made an attempt to identify the
amount of Aggression of Buksa people.
Aggression also affects mental and
physical health of the respondents significantly. So. An
attempt is also made to identify Psychophysical-Health
of adolescents of Buksa tribe and also tried to identify
the gender differences in the Psychophysical-health of
both.
Health is the general condition of a
person in all aspects. It indicates the functional level of
the individual i.e. how he faces challenges of his life or
how much his body is prone to different infections
prevailing in the environment or what is the level of his

Research Analysis and Evaluation 17

ImpactFactor-6.315(SJIF) RNI-RAJBIL2009/30097
International Double Blind Peer Reviewed,Refereed,Indexed Research Journal, ISSN(Print)-0975-3486,E-ISSN-2320-5482,Aug-2020
overall immunity etc. According to WHO(2006), Health
is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the abscence of disease or infir-
mity. Acoording to Menninger (1945), Psuchophysical-
Health is the adjustment of human being to the world
and to each other with a maximum of effectiveness and
happiness. Psychophysical-Health occurs in a living
body, vibrant and active thing.
According to Gupta et al (2011), It is
not static. It changes from time to time. It includes self-
defence, self-acceptance, self-identity,feeling of wor-
thiness, realization of one's potentialities etc. Positive
Psychology believes that Psychophysical-Health may
include an individual's ability to enjoy life and procure
a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve
psychological resilience.
The present study has tried to ex-
plore Aggression and Psychophysical Health of ado-
lescents of Buksa tribe because Buksa tribe is quite an
under researched tribe. Tribals in India have an impor-
tant place. They are among the most backward people
in the country. Not much efforts have been made to
study the personality patterns, Emotional expression,
motivational aspects, mental and physical conditions
of Buksa tribes.
Although Buksa is the second most
populated tribe of Uttarakhand after Tharu (population
of 83,544: Shodhganga,2008 Cencus of 2001) having a
number of 4,367. Buksa tribe is spread over 173 villages
of mainly Nainital and Dehradun district. So keeping in
view all these facts and need to explore their living
status and personality pattern, the present syudy has
selected Buksa tribe and tried to explore their aggres-
sion level and Psychophysical-Health i.e. the way how
they handle their emotions in diiferent situations how
physically fit they are?
report better physical health as compared to psy
chological health.
Sample:
The sample was collected on 100 adolescents
belonging to Buksa tribe(50=males and 50=females)
residing in Dehradun. The quota sampling procedure
was used to collect the data.The Mean age of Male
respondents was 19.5 years while it was 18.9 for the
females.
Tools:
1.Aggression Scale by Pal and Naqvi (1995) was used
to measure aggression of the respondents.
2. The Cornell Medical index (CMI) developed by Wig,
Prasad and Verma(1998) was utilized to measure the
psychophysical health of the respondents. It contains
195 questions in Yes or No response categories.
A to L sectionmay be considered as physical
distress section and M-R section may be considered as
emotional or psychological distress section and A-R
section may be considered as total distress . The high
score on this scale indicates poor psychophysical
health.
Procedure:
The sample was selected using Quota sampling. All the
respondents were contacted personally. The respon-
dents required at least 20-35 minutes to complete the

METHOD
Objectives:
1. To explore gender differences and total amount of
Aggression among Adolescents of Buksa Tribe.
2. To explore gender differences in Psychophysical
Health of adolescents of Buksa tribes.

Hypotheses:
1. There would be significant gender differences on
Aggression of adolescents of Buksa tribe.
2. The respondents belonging to Buksa tribe would
report low level of Aggression.
3. There would be significant gender differences on
Psychophysical-Health of the adolescents of
Buksa tribe.
4. The respondents belonging to Buksa tribe would

18 Research Analysis and Evaluation

ImpactFactor-6.315(SJIF) RNI-RAJBIL2009/30097
International Double Blind Peer Reviewed,Refereed,Indexed Research Journal, ISSN(Print)-0975-3486,E-ISSN-2320-5482,Aug-2020
questionnaire.

Result and Discussion:

Keeping in view the objectives of the present
study the obtained data were analyzed using
Mean,SD and t-test which are given in Table-1.
Aggression AmongAdolescents of Buksa Tribe:
As it is clear from the inspection of Table-1 that
the Mean difference on Aggression among
adolescent boys and girls was found to be sig-
nificant. These results support the first hypoth-
esis of the study suggesting that there would
be significant gender differences on Aggres-
sion among adolescents of Buksa tribe.
The Mean of the adolescents boys
and girls suggests that boys were found to
report more aggression as compared to girls.
These results are supported by the findings of
Meichenbaum (2001) who reported that adoles-
cent boys commit the majority of violent crimes
with a prevalence ratio in comparison to girls
from 3:1. Bjorkquist et al (1994) also reported
men and boys have been regarded as more
aggressive than woman and girls. Although
these studies are done on Non tribal boys and
girls but since there are some biological reasons
are responsible for aggression these results
can be generalized to the tribal communities
also. As it is clear from the findings of batrinos
(2012), that there is evidence that testosterone
levels are higher among the individuals with
aggression behaviour.
The present studt also tried to exploe
the amont of Aggression among Buksa tribal.
As it is evident from the inspection of Table-2
that the Adolescents of Buksa tribe have re-
ported moderate level of Aggression. These
results reject the second hypothesis suggest-
ing that the respondents belonging to Buksa
tribe would report low level of Aggression. The
historical reason behind the low level of aggres-
sion is that Buksas are suppressed by Rai Sikhs
and Hindu Punjabis who were renowned for
their militancy, captured the land allocated to
Buksas.
Their aggression enforced a reloca-
tion of the Buksas to poorly developed villages
where the land was generally infirtile. But the
results of the present study have reported
moderate level of Aggression may be due to the
fact that now they are gradually migrating to the
urban ares and experiencing the tough life of the
big cities, sometimes feel frustraed as they ex-

Research Analysis and Evaluation 19

ImpactFactor-6.315(SJIF) RNI-RAJBIL2009/30097
International Double Blind Peer Reviewed,Refereed,Indexed Research Journal, ISSN(Print)-0975-3486,E-ISSN-2320-5482,Aug-2020
perience discreminations, hence reported more aggres-
sion. Psychophysical-Health among Adolescents of
Buksa Tribe:
As it is clear from the inspection of Table-1 that
boys have reported better psychological health as their
score is less than the girls. The higher score on the scale
suggests more physical and psychological distress
while girls have reported better physical health as com-
pared to boys as their score is less than the boys.
These results support the third hypothesis
suggesting that there would be significant gender dif-
ferences on Psychophysical-Health of the adolescents
of Buksa tribe.
It is also revealed in the study that adoles-
cents of Buksa tribe have reported better physical health
as compared to psychological health. These results
support the fourth hypothesis suggesting that the re-
spondents belonging to Buksa tribe would report better
physical health as compared to psychological health.
The reason behind their better physical health may be
contributed to their habitat and living style. The region
where they live (tarai) was very harsh and difficult to
live. They have to work very hard for their livelihood as
the area is very difficult to cultivate something and other
unprotected living conditions. Lower Psychological
health may be due to the fact that the word tribe has by
now stigmatized the Buksas in the schools and their
surroundings, exacerbated by subtly condescending
attitudes towards them by their significant others (
Ranjan, 2008 ).
Conclusion:
The present study has tried to understand the Aggres-
sion and psychophysical health of the youth of the
Buksa tribe as the scenario of their life is changing
gradually and they are trying to adjust themselves with
the mainstream society and simultaneously they have
to maintain their identity also. This process of assimi-
lation and adjustment obviously affects their physical
and mental health and also they behave with others So
the results of the present study would be enlightening
for the councellors, parents and policy makers to take
right decision for themselves.

R E F E R E N C E
Ahmed, R. & Haque, E.(2007): A Comparative study in Aggression between adolescent boys and
girls and non tribal students in Chittagong hill tracts.J.Life Earth Sci., Vol-2(2) 79-84.
Baron & Byrne(2005): Social Psychology. 911th edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Batrinos, M.L.(2012): Testosterone and aggressive behaviour in Men. Journal of Endocrinology and
Metabolism 2, (1).
Bjorkqvist,Kosterman,K and Lagerspetz, M.J.(1994): Sex differences in covert aggression among adults
Aggressive Behaviour. Vol-20 Issue-1
Gupta,N. Joshi.R. and Gogoi,S.(2011): A study of psychophysical health in relation to physical condition
of the respondents. Indian journal of health and well-being. 2(1).115-118.
In projectextra.com
Meichenbaum,D.(2001): Treatment of individuals with anger control problems and aggressive behaviour.
Clearwater, FI, Institute Press.
Menninger (1945): http://en.wikipedia/org/wiki/modified on 15th March, 2008.
Pal,R.& Naqvi, T.(1995):Aggression Scale, National Psychological Corporation. 4/230 Kacheri Ghat, Agra-
04
Paszkiewiez,(2010): Effect ofAggression Violence academic Performance.
Ranjan,G.(2008): From Tribe to Social Integration:Bhokse Youth and the Challenges of Transformation.
Journal of Social Science Special . Vol-10,pp-53-59.
Shodhganga(2008):http// shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
WHO(2006):http:// http://en.wikipedia/org/wiki/modified on March, 2008.
Wig, N.N.Prasad,D. and Verma, S.K.(1998):Cornall MedicalIndex Health Questionnaire. National Psycho
logical Corporation. 4/230 Kacheri Ghat, Agra-04

20 Research Analysis and Evaluation

ImpactFactor-6.315(SJIF) RNI-RAJBIL2009/30097