Chapter One

General Contractors

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 General Contractors
(Prime Contractor)

Companies and individuals engaged in the business of construction, and they

operate under a contract with the owner.

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor,

equipment and services necessary for the construction of the project. The
general contractor hires specialized Subcontractors to perform all or portions of
the construction work.

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The General Contractor is also responsible for the quality of
all work performed by any and all subcontractors.

Responsibilities may include applying for building

permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing
the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing
personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering,
disposing or recycling of construction waste,
monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining
accurate records.

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 The Construction Process

Phase one Pre-construction

Phase two Construction begins
Phase three Framing, Excavation, Removing structures, …….
Phase Four Interior and exterior work
Phase Five Completion

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 Phase one
Pre-construction

Pre-construction services are used in planning a construction project before the

actual construction begins. These services are often referred to as preconstruction
or precon.
It is a modern practice, considered to be part of construction project management,
which is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from inception
to completion aimed at meeting a client’s requirements in order to produce a
functionally and financially viable project

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Construction begins

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Framing, Excavation, Removing structures

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Interior and exterior work

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Completion

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 AS
Project Manager

1) you need to have a complete understanding of the project.

2) You need to identify all the Items the project have .
3) You need to understand what the main stages of the project.
4) You need to apply the relevant skills to each stage in order to manage it
through to successful completion .

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 Bid Preparation
1) In United States, construction contracting is a highly
competitive business.
2) Construction company must achieve a reputation for
quality workmanship and timely completion while
achieving a reasonable return on its capital investment.
3) Contractor who has decided to bid on a project must then
prepare a detailed cost estimate for execution of the project.
4) Estimated included materials cost for the project, labor,
equipment, and subcontract costs (if it is required) .
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 Continue

5) All Bids must be Hand-Delivered.

6) Each bid should be in a separate sealed envelope.
7) Failure to provide all of the request informations will result in the
rejection of bid.
8) All bids should be on time.

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 Contract Award

1) The owner will evaluated the bids and determine the lowest qualified bid.
2) The qualification of a contractor is the determination that the contractor
possesses both the technical and financial ability to perform the work required
by the contract.
3) The owner of the project must determine the requirements for the project and
have the necessary plans, specifications, and other documents prepare.

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 PLANE

Construction Plans are drawing

that show the location,
dimensions, and
details of work to be performed

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LOUISIANA
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
ROADS AND BRIDGES

2016
EDITION
STATE OF LOUISIANA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
AND DEVELOPMENT

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 Standard Specifications

provide the detailed requirements for the materials, equipment, and

workmanship to be incorporated into the project.
Is a comprehensive description of objectives for a development project. It
contains all goals, functionality, and details required for a development team to
fulfill the vision of the client.
Contract drawings and specifications complement each other and must be
used together.

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 Shop Drawing

Shop drawings, charts, and other data prepared by a contractor or supplier which
describe the detailed characteristics of equipment or show how specific structural
elements or items of equipment are to be fabricated and installed

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 Building Codes
Usually specify when masonry work must be inspected. There are generally two types of
inspections, required or called, and special.

For required inspections, you shouldn’t cover the reinforcing steel or structural framework
of any part of a building before you get the approval of the building inspector.

Certain type of building must have special fire resistant walls. The exterior wall must have
4-hour fire resistance.

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 Codes and Regulations

Projects constructed in most areas of the United States must comply with a number
of governmental regulations. These include building codes, zoning regulations,
Environmental regulations, and contractor licensing laws, and others.

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 Building Permit

Building permit must be obtained before construction of a building can begin. After a
permit is issued, the local building department will inspect the project at designated points
during construction. The scheduling of these inspections may pose problems for the
contractor and often results in construction delays.

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An application for a grading permit needs topographic plans showing existing
and proposed contour lines and drainage devices.
The grading department may also required a surety bound in an amount that cover
the entire project.
The application will describe how much earth is to be moved, because this
determines the permit fee and the amount of the bound.
Grading permit are usually required for earthwork cuts that are in excess of 5 feet
and fill over 3 feet in vertical depth at the deep point.
Permit are required when earthwork is over 50 Cubic Yards of cut or fill.

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 Zoning And Regulation

Zoning Regulation :
Is the way the government control the physical
development of land and the kinds of uses to which each individual
property may put.

Environmental Regulation:
Is a collection of many laws and regulations, and protecting the
environment from harmful action (Air, Water, Dispose of hazardous
Waste)

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 Reducing Construction Costs

1) Good work planning.

2) Selecting and training workers and managers.
3) Scheduling (labors, materials, and equipment).
4) Organizing work.
5) Preventing accident (safety First).

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 Safety regulation

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act).

Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace.

OSHA mission is to assure safe and healthful workplaces.

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The majority of serious
construction injuries

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1) Concrete construction, especial construction of formwork, placing concrete into
formwork, and failure of formwork during construction.

2) The erection of prefabricated trusses precast concrete elements, and

structural steel.

3) Working from elevated positions resulting in falls.

4) Construction equipment operations.

5) The construction and operation of temporary facilities including scaffolding,

construction plants, lifts , and storage facilities.

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