Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solution Manual For Mechanics of Materials 3rd Edition by Philpot
Solution Manual For Mechanics of Materials 3rd Edition by Philpot
1 A stainless steel tube with an outside diameter of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm is used as
a compression member. If the axial normal stress in the member must be limited to 200 MPa,
determine the maximum load P that the member can support.
Solution
The cross-sectional area of the stainless steel tube is
A (D2 d 2) [(60 mm)2 (50 mm)2] 863.938 mm2
4 4
The normal stress in the tube can be expressed as
P
A
The maximum normal stress in the tube must be limited to 200 MPa. Using 200 MPa as the allowable
normal stress, rearrange this expression to solve for the maximum load P
P A (200 N/mm2)(863.938 mm2) 172,788 N 172.8 Ans.
max allow
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only
to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
P1.2 A 2024-T4 aluminum tube with an outside diameter of 2.50 in. will be used to support a 27-kip
load. If the axial normal stress in the member must be limited to 18 ksi, determine the wall thickness
required for the tube.
Solution
From the definition of normal stress, solve for the minimum area required to support a 27-kip load
without exceeding a stress of 18 ksi
P P 27 kips
A 1.500 in.2
min 18 ksi
A
The cross-sectional area of the aluminum tube is given by
A (D2 d 2)
4
Set this expression equal to the minimum area and solve for the maximum inside diameter d
[(2.50 in.)2 d 2 ] 1.500 in.2
4
4
(2.50 in.)2 d 2 (1.500 in.2 )
4
(2.50 in.) 2
(1.500 in.2 ) d 2
dmax 2.08330 in.
The outside diameter D, the inside diameter d, and the wall thickness t are related by
D d 2t
Therefore, the minimum wall thickness required for the aluminum tube is
tmin D d 2.50 in. 2.08330 in. 0.208 in.
0.20835 in. Ans.
2 2
P1.3 Two solid cylindrical rods (1) and (2)
are joined together at flange B and loaded, as
shown in Figure P1.3/4. If the normal stress
in each rod must be limited to 40 ksi,
determine the minimum diameter required
for each rod.
FIGURE P1.3/4
Solution
Cut a FBD through rod (1). The FBD should include the free end of the rod at A.
As a matter of course, we will assume that the internal force in rod (1) is tension
(even though it obviously will be in compression). From equilibrium,
Fy F1 15 kips 0
F1 15 kips 15 kips (C)
Next, cut a FBD through rod (2) that includes the free end of the rod at A. Again,
we will assume that the internal force in rod (2) is tension. Equilibrium of this
FBD reveals the internal force in rod (2):
Fy F2 30 kips 30 kips 15 kips 0
F2 75 kips 75 kips (C)
Notice that rods (1) and (2) are in compression. In this situation, we are
concerned only with the stress magnitude; therefore, we will use the force
magnitudes to determine the minimum required cross-sectional areas. If
the normal stress in rod (1) must be limited to 40 ksi, then the minimum
cross-sectional area that can be used for rod (1) is
F 15 kips
A1,min 1 0.375 in.2
40 ksi
The minimum rod diameter is therefore
A d 2 0.375 in.2 d 0.69099 in. Ans.
1,min
1 1 0.691
4
Similarly, the normal stress in rod (2) must be limited to 40 ksi, which requires a minimum area of
F 75 kips
A 2 1.875 in.2
2,min 40 ksi
The minimum diameter for rod (2) is therefore
A d 2 1.875 in.2 d 1.545097 in. Ans.
2,min
1.545 in.
2 2
4
P1.4 Two solid cylindrical rods (1) and (2) are
joined together at flange B and loaded, as shown in
Figure P1.3/4. The diameter of rod (1) is 1.75 in.
and the diameter of rod (2) is 2.50 in. Determine the
normal stresses in rods (1) and (2).
FIGURE P1.3/4
Solution
Cut a FBD through rod (1). The FBD should include the free end of the rod at A. We
will assume that the internal force in rod (1) is tension (even though it obviously will
be in compression). From equilibrium,
Fy F1 15 kips 0
F1 15 kips 15 kips (C)
Next, cut a FBD through rod (2) that includes the free end of the rod at A. Again, we
will assume that the internal force in rod (2) is tension. Equilibrium of this FBD
reveals the internal force in rod (2):
From the given diameter of rod (1), the cross-sectional area of rod (1) is
A (1.75 in.)2 2.4053 in.2
1
4
and thus, the normal stress in rod (1) is
F 15 kips
1 1 6.23627 ksi 6.24 ksi (C) Ans.
A1 2.4053 in.2
From the given diameter of rod (2), the cross-sectional area of rod (2) is
A2 (2.50 in.)2 4.9087 in.2
4
Accordingly, the normal stress in rod (2) is
F2 15.28 ksi (C)
2 A2 75 kips 2 15.2789 ksi Ans.
2.4053 in.
P1.5 Axial loads are applied with rigid bearing plates to the
solid cylindrical rods shown in Figure P1.5/6. The diameter
of aluminum rod (1) is 2.00 in., the diameter of brass rod (2)
is 1.50 in., and the diameter of steel rod (3) is 3.00 in.
Determine the axial normal stress in each of the three rods.
FIGURE P1.5/6
Solution
Cut a FBD through rod (1). The FBD should include the free end A. We will assume that the internal
force in rod (1) is tension (even though it obviously will be in compression). From equilibrium,
Fy F1 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 0 F1 16 kips 16 kips (C)
Next, cut a FBD through rod (2) that includes the free end A. Again, we will assume that the internal
force in rod (2) is tension. Equilibrium of this FBD reveals the internal force in rod (2):
Fy F2 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 15 kips 15 kips 0 F2 14 kips 14 kips (T)
Similarly, cut a FBD through rod (3) that includes the free end A. From this FBD, the internal force in
rod (3) is:
Fy F3 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 15 kips 15 kips 20 kips 20 kips 0
F3 26 kips 26 kips (C)
From the given diameter of rod (1), the cross-sectional area of rod (1) is
A1 (2.00 in.)2 3.1416 in.2
4
and thus, the normal stress in aluminum rod (1) is
F
1 16 kips 5.0930 ksi 5.09 ksi (C) Ans.
1
A1 3.1416 in.2
From the given diameter of rod (2), the cross-sectional area of rod (2) is
A2 (1.50 in.)2 1.7671 in.2
4
Accordingly, the normal stress in brass rod (2) is
F
2 14 kips 7.9224 ksi Ans.
2 7.92 ksi (T)
A2 1.7671 in.2
FIGURE P1.5/6
Solution
The internal forces in the three rods must be determined. Begin with a FBD cut through rod (1) that
includes the free end A. We will assume that the internal force in rod (1) is tension (even though it
obviously will be in compression). From equilibrium,
Fy F1 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 0 F1 16 kips 16 kips (C)
Next, cut a FBD through rod (2) that includes the free end A. Again, we will assume that the internal
force in rod (2) is tension. Equilibrium of this FBD reveals the internal force in rod (2):
Fy F2 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 15 kips 15 kips 0 F2 14 kips 14 kips (T)
Similarly, cut a FBD through rod (3) that includes the free end A. From this FBD, the internal force in
rod (3) is:
Fy F3 8 kips 4 kips 4 kips 15 kips 15 kips 20 kips 20 kips 0
F3 26 kips 26 kips (C)
Notice that two of the three rods are in compression. In these situations, we are concerned only with the
stress magnitude; therefore, we will use the force magnitudes to determine the minimum required cross-
sectional areas, and in turn, the minimum rod diameters. The normal stress in aluminum rod (1) must be
limited to 18 ksi; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area required for rod (1) is
F 16 kips
A 1 0.8889 in.2
1, min
1 18 ksi
The minimum rod diameter is therefore
A d 2 0.8889 in.2 d 1.0638 in. 1.064 in. Ans.
1,min
1 1
4
The normal stress in brass rod (2) must be limited to 25 ksi, which requires a minimum area of
A2, 14 kips
0.5600 in.2
min
F2 25 ksi
2
which requires a minimum diameter for rod (2) of
A d 2 0.5600 in.2 d 0.8444 in. Ans.
2,min
0.844 in.
2 2
4
The normal stress in steel rod (3) must be limited to 15 ksi. The minimum cross-sectional area required
for this rod is:
A3, 26 kips
1.7333 in.2
min
F3 15 ksi
3
which requires a minimum diameter for rod (3) of
A d 2 1.7333 in.2 d 1.4856 in. Ans.
3,min
1.486 in.
3 3
4
P1.7 Two solid cylindrical rods support a load of
P = 50 kN, as shown in Figure P1.7/8. If the
normal stress in each rod must be limited to 130
MPa, determine the minimum diameter required
for each rod.
FIGURE P1.7/8
Solution
Consider a FBD of joint B. Determine the angle between
rod (1) and the horizontal axis:
4.0 m
tan 1.600 57.9946
2.5 m
and the angle between rod (2) and the horizontal axis:
2.3 m
tan 0.7188 35.7067
3.2 m
Unknown forces F1 and F2 can be found from the simultaneous solution of Eqs. (a) and (b). Using the
substitution method, Eq. (b) can be solved for F2 in terms of F1:
cos(57.9946)
FF (c)
2 1
cos(35.7067)
Substituting Eq. (c) into Eq. (b) gives
cos(57.9946 )
F sin(35.7067) F sin(57.9946) P
1 1
cos(35.6553)
F1 cos(57.9946) tan(35.7067) sin(57.9946) P
F
P P
1
cos(57.9946) tan(35.7067) sin(57.9946) 1.2289
For the given load of P = 50 kN, the internal force in rod (1) is therefore:
50 kN
F 40.6856 kN
1
1.2289
Backsubstituting this result into Eq. (c) gives force F2:
cos(57.9946) cos(57.9946)
F2 F 1 (40.6856 kN) cos(35.7067) 26.5553 kN
cos(35.7067)
The normal stress in rod (1) must be limited to 130 MPa; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area
required for rod (1) is
F (40.6856 kN)(1,000 N/kN) 2
A1,min 1 312.9664 mm
1 130 N/mm2
The minimum rod diameter is therefore
A d 2 312.9664 mm2 d 19.9620 mm Ans.
19.96 mm
1,min 1 1
4
2
which requires a minimum diameter for rod (2) of
A d 2 204.2718 mm2 d 16.1272 mm Ans.
2,min
16.13 mm
2 2
4
P1.8 Two solid cylindrical rods support a load
of P = 27 kN, as shown in Figure P1.7/8. Rod
(1) has a diameter of 16 mm and the diameter
of rod (2) is 12 mm. Determine the axial
normal stress in each rod.
FIGURE P1.7/8
Solution
Consider a FBD of joint B. Determine the angle between rod (1)
and the horizontal axis:
4.0 m
tan 1.600 57.9946
2.5 m
and the angle between rod (2) and the horizontal axis:
2.3 m
tan 0.7188 35.7067
3.2 m
Unknown forces F1 and F2 can be found from the simultaneous solution of Eqs. (a) and (b). Using the
substitution method, Eq. (b) can be solved for F2 in terms of F1:
cos(57.9946)
FF (c)
2 1
cos(35.7067)
Substituting Eq. (c) into Eq. (b) gives
cos(57.9946 )
F sin(35.7067) F sin(57.9946) P
1 1
cos(35.6553)
F1 cos(57.9946) tan(35.7067) sin(57.9946) P
F
P P
1
cos(57.9946) tan(35.7067) sin(57.9946) 1.2289
For the given load of P = 27 kN, the internal force in rod (1) is therefore:
27 kN
F 21.9702 kN
1
1.2289
Backsubstituting this result into Eq. (c) gives force F2:
cos(57.9946) cos(57.9946)
F2 F 1 (21.9702 kN) cos(35.7067) 14.3399 kN
cos(35.7067)
The diameter of rod (1) is 16 mm; therefore, its cross-sectional area is:
A (16 mm)2 201.0619 mm2
1
4
and the normal stress in rod (1) is:
F (21.9702 kN)(1,000 N/kN)
1 A 1
2
201.0619 mm 2 109.2710 N/mm 109.3 MPa (T) Ans.
1
The diameter of rod (2) is 12 mm; therefore, its cross-sectional area is:
A2 (12 mm)2 113.0973 mm2
4
and the normal stress in rod (2) is:
F
2 (14.3399 kN)(1,000 N/kN) 2 Ans.
2 2 126.7924 N/mm 126.8 MPa (T)
A2 113.0973 mm
P1.9 A simple pin-connected truss is loaded
and supported as shown in Figure P1.9. All
members of the truss are aluminum pipes that
have an outside diameter of 4.00 in. and a wall
thickness of 0.226 in. Determine the normal
stress in each truss member.
FIGURE P1.9
Solution
Overall equilibrium:
Begin the solution by determining the
external reaction forces acting on the
truss at supports A and B. Write
equilibrium equations that include all
external forces. Note that only the
external forces (i.e., loads and
reaction forces) are considered at this
time. The internal forces acting in the
truss members will be considered
after the external reactions have been
computed. The free-body diagram
(FBD) of the entire truss is shown.
The following equilibrium equations
can be written for this structure:
Fx Ax 2 kips 0
Ax 2 kips
MA By (6 ft) (5 kips)(14 ft) (2 kips)(7 ft) 0
By 14 kips
Fy Ay By 5 kips 0
Ay 9 kips
Method of joints:
Before beginning the process of determining the internal forces in the axial members, the geometry of
the truss will be used to determine the magnitude of the inclination angles of members AC and BC. Use
the definition of the tangent function to determine AC and BC:
tan B 7 ft
C
0.875
8 ft
BC 41.186
Joint A:
Begin the solution process by considering a FBD of joint A. Consider
only those forces acting directly on joint A. In this instance, two axial
members, AB and AC, are connected at joint A. Additionally, two
reaction forces, Ax and Ay, act at joint A. Tension forces will be
assumed in each truss member.
Fx FAC cos(26.565) FAB Ax 0 (a)
Fy FAC sin(26.565) Ay 0 (b)
Joint B:
Next, consider a FBD of joint B. In this instance, the equilibrium
equations associated with joint B seem easier to solve than those that
would pertain to joint C. As before, tension forces will be assumed in
each truss member.
Fx FAB FBC cos(41.186) 0 (c)
Fy FBC sin(41.186) By 0 (d)
Section properties:
For each of the three truss members:
d 4.00 in. 2(0.226 in.) 3.548 in.
A (4.00 in.) 2 (3.548 in.) 2 2.67954 in.2
Normal stress in each truss member: 4
16.000 kips
AB 5.971 ksi 5.97 ksi (C)
FAB 2
Ans.
2.67954 in.
AA
B
F Ans.
BC ABC
B
C
7.51 ksi (T)
2.6
79
54
in.
2
21.
260
kips
7.9
34
ksi
2.
67
95
4
in.
2
FIGURE P1.10
Solution
Overall equilibrium:
Begin the solution by determining the
external reaction forces acting on the truss at
supports A and B. Write equilibrium
equations that include all external forces.
Note that only the external forces (i.e., loads
and reaction forces) are considered at this
time. The internal forces acting in the truss
members will be considered after the external
reactions have been computed. The free-
body diagram (FBD) of the entire truss is
shown. The following equilibrium equations
can be written for this structure:
Fx Ax 12 kN 0
Ax 12 kN
MA By (1 m) (15 kN)(4.3 m) 0
By 64.5 kN
Fy Ay By 15 kN 0
Ay 49.5 kN
Method of joints:
Before beginning the process of determining the internal forces in the axial members, the geometry of
the truss will be used to determine the magnitude of the inclination angles of members AB and BC. Use
the definition of the tangent function to determine AB and BC:
1.5 m
tan A 1.50 A 56.310
B 1.0 m
1.5 m B
0.454545 24.444
tan B 3.3 m B
C
C
Joint A:
Begin the solution process by considering a FBD of joint A. Consider
only those forces acting directly on joint A. In this instance, two axial
members, AB and AC, are connected at joint A. Additionally, two
reaction forces, Ax and Ay, act at joint A. Tension forces will be assumed
in each truss member.
Fx FAC FAB cos(56.310) Ax 0 (a)
Fy Ay FAB sin(56.310) 0 (b)
F 49.5 kN 59.492 kN
Ay
AB
sin(56.310) sin(56.310)
Joint C:
Next, consider a FBD of joint C. In this instance, the equilibrium
equations associated with joint C seem easier to solve than those that
would pertain to joint B. As before, tension forces will be assumed in
each truss member.
Fx FAC FBC cos(24.444) 12 kN 0 (c)
Fy FBC sin(24.444) 15 kN 0 (d)
Section properties:
For each of the three truss members:
d 60 mm 2(4 mm) 52 mm
A (60 mm) 2 (52 mm) 2 703.7168 mm2
4
FIGURE P1.11
Solution
Overall equilibrium:
Begin the solution by determining the external
reaction forces acting on the truss at supports A
and B. Write equilibrium equations that include all
external forces. Note that only the external forces
(i.e., loads and reaction forces) are considered at
this time. The internal forces acting in the truss
members will be considered after the external
reactions have been computed. The free-body
diagram (FBD) of the entire truss is shown. The
following equilibrium equations can be written for
this structure:
Fy Ay 30 kN 0
Ay 30 kN
MA (30 kN)(4.5 m) (15 kN)(1.6 m) Bx (5.6 m) 0
Bx 19.821 kN
Fx Ax Bx 15 kN 0
Ax 15 kN Bx 15 kN (19.821 kN) Ax 34.821 kN
Method of joints:
Before beginning the process of determining the internal forces in the axial members, the geometry of
the truss will be used to determine the magnitude of the inclination angles of members AC and BC. Use
the definition of the tangent function to determine AC and BC:
1.6 m
tan A 0.355556 A 19.573
C 4.5 m C
tan B C
4m 41.634
4.5 m
0.8888 BC
89
Joint A:
Begin the solution process by considering a FBD of joint A. Consider
only those forces acting directly on joint A. In this instance, two axial
members, AB and AC, are connected at joint A. Additionally, two
reaction forces, Ax and Ay, act at joint A. Tension forces will be
assumed in each truss member.
Fx Ax FAC cos(19.573) 0 (a)
Fy Ay FAC sin(19.573) FAB 0 (b)
F 34.821 kN 36.957 kN
Ax
AC
cos(19.573) cos(19.573)
Section properties:
For each of the three truss members:
d 42 mm 2(3.5 mm) 35 mm
A (42 mm) 2 (35 mm) 2 423.3296 mm2
4
FIGURE P1.12
Solution
Equilibrium: Calculate the internal forces in m
1.8 members
(1) and (2).
M F (3 m) (15 kN/m)(1.8 m) 0
2
C 1
F1 8.100 kN
M F (3 m)
1.8 m
0
B
m 2 (15 kN/m)(1.8 m) 3 2
F2 18.900 kN
Stresses:
F (8.100 kN)(1,000 N/kN)
1 A 1 46.286 N/mm 46.3 MPa
2
175 mm2 Ans.
1
F2
(18.900 kN)(1,000 N/kN) 2 Ans.
2 2 63.000 N/mm 63.0 MPa
A2 300 mm
P1.13 Bar (1) in Figure P1.15 has a cross-
sectional area of 0.75 in.2. If the stress in bar
(1) must be limited to 30 ksi, determine the
maximum load P that may be supported by
the structure.
FIGURE P1.13
Solution
Given that the cross-sectional area of bar (1) is 0.75 in.2 and its normal stress must be limited to 30 ksi,
the maximum force that may be carried by bar (1) is
F A (30 ksi)(0.75 in.2) 22.5 kips
1,max 11
Substitute the maximum force F1,max = 22.5 kips into this relationship to obtain the maximum load that
may be applied to the structure:
6 ft 13.50 kips
6 ft (22.5 kips) Ans.
P 10 ftF1
10 ft
P1.14 The rectangular bar shown in Figure
P1.14 is subjected to a uniformly distributed
axial loading of w = 13 kN/m and a
concentrated force of P = 9 kN at B.
Determine the magnitude of the maximum
normal stress in the bar and its location x.
Assume a = 0.5 m, b = 0.7 m, c = 15 mm, and
d = 40 mm.
FIGURE P1.14
Solution
Equilibrium:
Draw a FBD for the interval between A and B where
0 x a . Write the following equilibrium equation:
F (13 kN/m)(1.2 m x) (9 kN) F 0
x
F (13 kN/m)(1.2 m x)
The largest force in this interval occurs at x = a where F = 9.1
kN.
Solution
(a) x = 10 in.
Equilibrium: Draw a FBD for the interval between A and B
where 0 x a , and write the following equilibrium equation:
F (750 lb/ft)(1 ft/12 in.)(48 in. x)
x
(b) x = 30 in.
Equilibrium: Draw a FBD for the interval between B and C
where a x a b , and write the following equilibrium
equation:
F (750 lb/ft)(1 ft/12 in.)(48 in. x)
x
(1,000 lb) F 0
F (62.5 lb/in.)(48 in. x) 1,000 lb
At x = 30 in., F = 2,125 lb.
Solution
Consider a FBD of board (2). The glue on the splice plates provides resistance to the 10,000 lb applied
load on both the top and bottom surfaces of board (2). Denoting the shear resistance on a glue surface as
V, equilibrium in the horizontal direction requires
Fx P V V 0
10, 000 lb
V 5, 000 lb
2
In other words, each glue surface must be large enough so that 5,000 lb of shear resistance can be
provided to board (2). Since the glue has a shear strength of 120 psi, the area of each glue surface on
board (2) must be at least
5, 000 lb
A 41.6667 in.2
min
120 psi
The boards are 6-in. wide; therefore, glue must be spread along board (2) for a length of at least
41.6667 in.2
Lglue joint 6.9444 in.
6 in.
Although we’ve discussed only board (2), the same rationale applies to board (1). For both boards (1)
and (2), the glue must be applied along a length of at least 6.9444 in. on both the top and bottom of
the boards in order to resist the 10,000 lb applied load.
The glue applied to boards (1) and (2) must be matched by glue applied to the splice plates. Therefore,
the splice plates must be at least 6.9444 in. + 6.9444 in. = 13.8889 in. long. However, we are told that a
0.5-in. gap is required between boards (1) and (2); therefore, the splice plates must be 0.5-in. longer.
Altogether, the length of the splice plates must be at least
Lmin 6.9444 in. 6.9444 in. 0.5 in. 14.39
Ans.
P1.17 For the clevis connection shown in Figure
P1.17, determine the maximum applied load P that
can be supported by the 10-mm-diameter pin if the
average shear stress in the pin must not exceed 95
MPa.
FIGURE P1.17
Solution
Consider a FBD of the bar that is connected by the clevis,
including a portion of the pin. If the shear force acting on each
exposed surface of the pin is denoted by V, then the shear force
on each pin surface is related to the load P by:
Fx P V V 0 P 2V
The area of the pin surface exposed by the FBD is simply the cross-sectional area of the pin:
A d 2 (10 mm)2 78.539816 mm2
pin pin
4 4
If the average shear stress in the pin must be limited to 95 MPa, the maximum shear force V on a single
cross-sectional surface must be limited to
FIGURE P1.18
Solution
There are four bolts, and it is assumed that each bolt supports an equal portion of the external load P.
Therefore, the shear force carried by each bolt is
2,500 lb
V 625 lb
4 bolts
The bolts in this connection act in single shear. The cross-sectional area of a single bolt is
A d 2 (3 / 8 in.)2 (0.375 in.)2 0.110447 in.2
bolt bolt
4 4 4
Therefore, the average shear stress in each bolt is
V 5, 660
625 lb psi
Abolt 5, 658.8427 psi Ans.
0.110447 in.2
P1.19 The five-bolt connection shown in Figure P1.19 must
support an applied load of P = 265 kN. If the average shear stress
in the bolts must be limited to 120 MPa, determine the minimum
bolt diameter that may be used for this connection.
FIGURE P1.19
Solution
There are five bolts, and it is assumed that each bolt supports an equal portion of the external load P.
Therefore, the shear force carried by each bolt is
265 kN
V 53 kN 53,000 N
5 bolts
Since the average shear stress must be limited to 120 MPa, each bolt must provide a shear area of at
least:
AV 53,000 N
441.6667 mm2
120 N/mm2
Each bolt in this connection acts in double shear; therefore, two cross-sectional bolt surfaces are
available to transmit shear stress in each bolt. 2
A 441.6667 mm
A V 220.8333 mm2 per surface
bolt
2 surfaces per bolt 2 surfaces
The minimum bolt diameter must be
220.8333 d 16.7682 mm Ans.
2 d
mm2 16.77 mm
bolt bolt
4
P1.20 A coupling is used to connect a 2 in. diameter
plastic pipe (1) to a 1.5 in. diameter pipe (2), as
shown in Figure P1.20. If the average shear stress in
the adhesive must be limited to 400 psi, determine
the minimum lengths L1 and L2 required for the joint
if the applied load P is 5,000 lb.
FIGURE P1.24
Solution
To resist a shear force of 5,000 lb, the area of adhesive required on each pipe is
AV V 5, 000 lb
12.5 in.2
adhesive 400 psi
Consider the coupling on pipe (1). The adhesive is applied to the circumference of the pipe, and the
circumference C1 of pipe (1) is
C1 D1 (2.0 in.) 6.2832 in.
The minimum length L1 is therefore
AV 12.5 in.2
L 1.9894 in. 1.989 Ans.
1
C1 6.2832 in.
FIGURE P1.21
Solution
The shear stress associated with removal of the slug exists on its perimeter. The perimeter of the slug is
given by
perimeter 2(3.00 in.) + (0.75 in.) 8.35619 in.
Thus, the area subjected to shear stress is
Solution
To determine the shear force V that must be resisted by the shear key, sum moments about the center of
the shaft (which will be denoted
700 mmO): 700 mm 40 mm
M (1,300 N) (1,300 N) V0
O
2 2
V 45,500 N 2
Since the average shear stress in the key must not exceed 150 MPa, the shear area required is
A 45,500 N 303.3333 mm2
V 150 N/mm2
V
The shear area in the key is given by the product of its length L (i.e., 25 mm) and its width a. Therefore,
the minimum key width a is2
A 303.3333 mm
a V 12.1333 mm 12.13 mm Ans.
L 25 mm
P1.23 An axial load P is supported by the short steel
column shown in Figure P1.23. The column has a cross-
sectional area of 14,500 mm2. If the average normal stress
in the steel column must not exceed 75 MPa, determine the
minimum required dimension a so that the bearing stress
between the base plate and the concrete slab does not
exceed 8 MPa. Assume b = 420 mm.
FIGURE P1.23
Solution
Since the normal stress in the steel column must not exceed 75 MPa, the maximum column load is
FIGURE P1.24
Solution
The tensile stress in the bolt is 9,000 psi; therefore, the tension force that acts in the bolt is
F A 2
(9,000 psi)(0.196350 in.2) 1,767.146 lb
Thus, the bearing stress between the washer and the wood is
b 1,767.146 lb 623 psi Ans.
2.834796 in.2
P1.25 For the beam shown in Figure P1.25, the
allowable bearing stress for the material under
the supports at A and B is b = 800 psi.
Assume w = 2,100 lb/ft, P = 4,600 lb, a = 20 ft,
and b = 8 ft. Determine the size of square
bearing plates required to support the loading
shown. Dimension the plates to the nearest ½
in.
FIGURE P1.25
Solution
Equilibrium: Using the FBD shown,
calculate the beam reaction forces. 20 ft
M B (20 ft) (2,100 lb/ft)(20 ft) (4,600 lb)(28 ft) 0
2
A y
By 27, 440 lb
20 ft
M A (20 ft) (2,100 lb/ft)(20 ft) (4,600 lb)(8 ft) 0
B y
2
Ay 19,160 lb
Bearing plate at A: The area of the bearing plate required for support A is
19,160 lb
A 23.950 in.2
A
800 psi
Since the plate is to be square, its dimensions must be
width 23.950 in.2 4.894 in. use 5 in. 5 in. bearing plate at A Ans.
Bearing plate at B: The area of the bearing plate required for support B is
27, 440 lb
A 34.300 in.2
B
800 psi
Since the plate is to be square, its dimensions must be
width 34.300 in.2 5.857 in. use 6 in. 6 in. bearing plate at B Ans.
P1.26 The d = 15-mm-diameter solid rod shown in
Figure P1.26 passes through a D = 20-mm-diameter
hole in the support plate. When a load P is applied
to the rod, the rod head rests on the support plate.
The support plate has a thickness of b = 12 mm.
The rod head has a diameter of a = 30 mm and the
head has a thickness of t = 10 mm. If the normal
stress produced in the rod by load P is 225 MPa,
determine:
(a) the bearing stress acting between the support
plate and the rod head.
(b) the average shear stress produced in the rod
head.
(c) the punching shear stress produced in the
support plate by the rod head.
FIGURE P1.26
Solution
The cross-sectional area of the rod is:
Arod
(15 mm)2 176.715 mm2
4
The tensile stress in the rod is 225 MPa; therefore, the tension force in the rod is
F A (225 N/mm2)(176.715 mm 2 ) 39, 760.782 N
rod rod rod
(a) The contact area between the support plate and the rod head is
Acontact
4 (30 mm) 2 (20 mm) 2 392.699 mm 2
Thus, the bearing stress between the support plate and the rod head is
39,760.782 N
b 392.699 mm2 101.3 MPa Ans.
(b) In the rod head, the area subjected to shear stress is equal to the perimeter of the rod times
the thickness of the head.
AV (15 mm)(10 mm) 471.239 mm2
and therefore, the average shear stress in the rod head is
39,760.782 N 84.4 MPa
471.239 mm2 Ans.
(c) In the support plate, the area subjected to shear stress is equal to the product of the rod head
perimeter and the thickness of the plate.
AV (30 mm)(12 mm) 1,130.973 mm2
and therefore, the average punching shear stress in the support plate is
35.2 MPa
39, 760.782 N Ans.
1,130.973 mm2
P1.27 The rectangular bar is connected to the support bracket with
a circular pin, as shown in Figure P1.27. The bar width is w = 1.75
in. and the bar thickness is 0.375 in. For an applied load of P =
5,600 lb, determine the average bearing stress produced in the bar
by the 0.625-in.-diameter pin.
FIGURE P1.27
Solution
The average bearing stress produced in the bar by the pin is based on the projected area of the pin. The
projected area is equal to the pin diameter times the bar thickness. Therefore, the average bearing stress
in the bar is
23,900 psi
b 5, 600 lb
23,893.33 psi Ans.
(0.625 in.)(0.375 in.)
P1.28 The steel pipe column shown in Figure P1.28 has an
outside diameter of 8.625 in. and a wall thickness of 0.25 in.
The timber beam is 10.75 in wide, and the upper plate has the
same width. The load imposed on the column by the timber
beam is 80 kips. Determine
(a) The average bearing stress at the surfaces between the pipe
column and the upper and lower steel bearing plates.
(b) The length L of the rectangular upper bearing plate if its
width is 10.75 in. and the average bearing stress between the
steel plate and the wood beam is not to exceed 500 psi.
(c) The dimension “a” of the square lower bearing plate if the
average bearing stress between the lower bearing plate and
the concrete slab is not to exceed 900 psi.
Figure P1.28
Solution
(a) The area of contact between the pipe column and one of the bearing plates is simply the cross-
sectional area of the pipe. To calculate the pipe area, we must first calculate the pipe inside diameter d:
D d 2t d D 2t 8.625 in. 2(0.25 in.) 8.125 in.
The pipe cross-sectional
area
is
A D 2 d 2 (8.625 in.)2 (8.125 in.)2 6.5777 in.2
4 4
pipe
Therefore, the bearing stress between the pipe and one of the bearing plates is
12.16 ksi
b P 80 kips 12.1623 ksi Ans.
Ab 6.5777 in.2
(b) The bearing stress between the timber beam and the upper bearing plate must not exceed 500 psi
(i.e., 0.5 ksi). To support a load of 80 kips, the contact area must be at least
Ab P 80 kips 160 in.2
b 0.5 ksi
If the width of the timber beam is 10.75 in., then the length L of the upper bearing plate must be
A 160 in.2
b
L 14.8837 in. 14.88 in. Ans.
beam width 10.75 in.
(c) The bearing stress between the concrete slab and the lower bearing plate must not exceed 900 psi
(i.e., 0.9 ksi). To support the 80-kip pipe load, the contact area must be at least
Ab P 80 kips 88.8889 in.2
b 0.9 ksi
Since the lower bearing plate is square, its dimension a must be
A a a 88.8889
b
in.2 9.43 a
9.4281 in. Ans.
P1.29 A clevis-type pipe hanger supports an 8-in-
diameter pipe as shown in Figure P1.29. The hanger
rod has a diameter of 1/2 in. The bolt connecting the
top yoke and the bottom strap has a diameter of 5/8 in.
The bottom strap is 3/16-in.-thick by 1.75-in.-wide by
36-in.-long. The weight of the pipe is 2,000 lb.
Determine the following:
(a) the normal stress in the hanger rod
(b) the shear stress in the bolt
(c) the bearing stress in the bottom strap
FIGURE P1.29
Solution
(a) The normal stress in the hanger rod is
Arod
(0.5 in.)2 0.196350 in.2
4
2,000 lb 10,185.917 psi 10,190 psi
rod 0.196350 in.2 Ans.
(c) The bearing stress in the bottom strap is based on the projected area of the bolt in contact with the
strap. Also, keep in mind that there are two ends of the strap that contact the bolt. The bearing stress is
thus
b 2,000 lb 8,530 psi
8,533.334 psi Ans.
2(0.625 in.)(3/16 in.)
P1.30 Rigid bar ABC shown in Figure P1.30 is
supported by a pin at bracket A and by tie rod (1).
Tie rod (1) has a diameter of 5 mm, and it is
supported by double-shear pin connections at B and
D. The pin at bracket A is a single-shear
connection. All pins are 7 mm in diameter.
Assume a = 600 mm, b = 300 mm, h = 450 mm,
P
= 900 N, and = 55°. Determine the following:
(a) the normal stress in rod (1)
(b) the shear stress in pin B
(c) the shear stress in pin A
FIGURE P1.30
Solution
Equilibrium: Using the FBD shown, calculate
the reaction forces that act on rigid bar ABC.
MA F1 sin(36.87)(600 mm)
(900 N)sin (55)(900 mm) 0
F1 1,843.092 N
Arod
(5 mm)2 19.635 mm2
4
rod 1,843.092 N 93.9 MPa
19.635 mm2 Ans.
(b) Shear stress in pin B. The cross-sectional area of a 7-mm-diameter pin is:
Apin
(7 mm)2 38.485 mm2
4
Pin B is a double shear connection; therefore, its average shear stress is
pin B 1,843.092 N 23.9 MPa
Ans.
2(38.485 mm ) 2
FIGURE P1.31
Solution
Equilibrium: Using the FBD shown, calculate the
reaction forces that act on the bell crank.
MB (1,100 N)sin(50)(65 mm)
F2 (150 mm) 0
F2 365.148 N
(a) Shear stress in pin B. The cross-sectional area of the 10-mm-diameter pin is:
Apin (10 mm)2 78.540 mm2
4
Pin B is a single shear connection; therefore, its average shear stress is
pin B 909.376 N 11.58 MPa
Ans.
78.540 mm2
(b) Bearing stress in the bell crank at B. The average bearing stress produced in the bell crank by the
pin is based on the projected area of the pin. The projected area is equal to the pin diameter times the
bell crank thickness. Therefore, the average bearing stress in the bell crank is
b 909.376 N 18.19 MPa
Ans.
(10 mm)(5 mm)
P1.32 The beam shown in Figure P1.32 is
supported by a pin at C and by a short link
AB. If w = 30 kN/m, determine the average
shear stress in the pins at A and C. Each
pin has a diameter of 25 mm. Assume L =
1.8 m and = 35°.
FIGURE P1.32
Solution
Equilibrium: Using the FBD shown,
calculate the reaction forces that act on the
beam.
1.8 m
M F sin(35)(1.8 m) (30 kN/m)(1.8 m) 0
2
C 1
F1 47.0731 kN
Solution
Equilibrium: Using the FBD shown, calculate
the reaction forces that act on the bell crank.
MB (7,000 N)sin(65)(200 mm)
F2 (150 mm) 0
F2 8, 458.873 N
(a) The average shear stress in the pin may not exceed 40 MPa. The shear area required for the pin
at B is
13,061.423 N
A 326.536 mm2
V
40 N/mm2
Since the pin at B is supported in a double shear connection, the required cross-sectional area for the pin
is
Apin A
2 163.268 mm
2
and therefore,
V
the pin must have a diameter of
4 (163.268 mm2 )
d 14.42 mm Ans.
(b) The bearing stress in the bell crank may not exceed 100 MPa. The projected area of pin B on the
bell crank must equal or exceed
13,061.423 N
A 130.614 mm2
b
100 N/mm2
The bell crank thickness is 8 mm; therefore, the projected area of the pin is Ab = (8 mm)d. Calculate the
required pin diameter d:
130.614 mm2
d 16.33 mm Ans.
8 mm
(c) The bearing stress in the support bracket may not exceed 165 MPa. The pin at B bears on two 6-
mm-thick support brackets. Thus, the minimum pin diameter required to satisfy the bearing stress limit
on the support bracket is
13,061.423 N 2
Ab
165 N/mm2
79.160 mm
79.160 mm2
d 6.60 mm Ans.
2(6 mm)
P1.34 A structural steel bar with a 25 mm × 75 mm rectangular cross section is subjected to an axial
load of 150 kN. Determine the maximum normal and shear stresses in the bar.
Solution
The maximum normal stress in the steel bar is
F (150 kN)(1,000 N/kN)
max 80 MPa Ans.
(25 mm)(75 mm)
A
The maximum shear stress is one-half of the maximum normal stress
max
40 MPa Ans.
max
2
P1.35 A steel rod of circular cross section will be used to carry an axial load of 92 kips. The
maximum stresses in the rod must be limited to 30 ksi in tension and 12 ksi in shear. Determine the
required diameter for the rod.
Solution
Based on the allowable 30 ksi tension stress limit, the minimum cross-sectional area of the rod is
Amin 92 kips
F 3.0667 in.2
30 ksi
max
For the 12-ksi shear stress limit, the minimum cross-sectional area of the rod must be
Amin F 92 kips 3.8333 in.2
2 2(12 ksi)
max
Therefore, the rod must have a cross-sectional area of at least 3.8333 in.2 in order to satisfy both the
normal and shear stress limits.
The cross-sectional area of2 the bar is 400 mm2, but the area along inclined plane AB is
A 400 mm
A 488.3098 mm2
n
cos cos 35
Solution
The angle for the inclined plane is 60°. The
normal force N perpendicular to plane AB is
found from
N P cos (18 kips)cos60 9.0 kips
The cross-sectional area of the bar is (1.75 in.)(0.75 in.) = 1.3125 in.2, but the area along inclined plane
AB is
1.3125 in.2
A A / cos 2.6250 in.2
n cos 60
FIGURE P1.38/39
Solution
The angle for the inclined plane is 55°. The normal force N
perpendicular to plane AB is found from
N P cos (80 kips)cos55 45.8861 kips
The cross-sectional area of the post is (4 in.)(4 in.) = 16 in.2, but the area
along inclined plane AB is
16 in.2
A A / cos 27.8951 in.2
n
cos55
FIGURE P1.38/39
Solution
The general equations for normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane in terms of the angle are
P (1 cos 2)
(a)
n 2A
and P
sin 2 (b)
nt
2A
The cross-sectional area of the square bar is A = (50 mm)2 = 2,500 mm2, and the angle for plane AB is
55°.
The normal stress on plane AB is limited to 120 MPa; therefore, the maximum load P that can be
supported by the square bar is found from Eq. (a):
2 A 2(2,500 mm 2
)(120 N/mm 2)
P n 911,882 N
1 cos 2 1 cos 2(55)
The shear stress on plane AB is limited to 90 MPa. From Eq. (b), the maximum load P based the shear
stress limit is
2 A 2(2,500 mm2 )(90 N/mm 2)
P nt 478,880 N
sin 2 sin 2(55)
FIGURE P1.40
Solution
The general equations for normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane in terms of the angle are
P (1 cos 2)
(a)
n 2A
and P
sin 2 (b)
nt
2A
The cross-sectional area of the square post is A = (6 in.)2 = 36 in.2, and the angle for plane AB is 40°.
The normal stress on plane AB is limited to 800 psi; therefore, the maximum load P that can be
supported by the square post 2is found from Eq. (a):
2 A 2(36 in. )(800 psi)
P n 49, 078 lb
1 cos 2 1 cos 2(40)
The shear stress on plane AB is limited to 400 psi. From Eq. (b), the maximum load P based the shear
stress limit is
2 A
nt
2(36 in.2 )(400 psi)
P 29, 244 lb
sin 2 sin 2(40)
FIGURE P1.41
Solution
The general equations for normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane in terms of the angle are
P (1 cos 2)
(a)
n 2A
and P
sin 2 (b)
nt
2A
The angle for plane AB is 50°.
The normal stress on plane AB is limited to 150 MPa; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area A
required to support P = 280 kN can be found from Eq. (a):
P (280 kN)(1,000 N/kN)
A 2 (1 cos 2) 2
(1 cos 2(50)) 771.2617 mm2
n 2(150 N/mm )
The shear stress on plane AB is limited to 100 MPa; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area A
required to support P = 280 kN can be found from Eq. (b):
P (280 kN)(1,000 N/kN)
A sin 2 sin 2(50) 1,378.7309 mm2
2 nt 2(100 N/mm ) 2
To satisfy both the normal and shear stress requirements, the cross-sectional area must be at least Amin =
1,379.7309 mm2. Since the bar width is 90 mm, the minimum bar thickness t must be
1,378.7309 mm2
tmin 15.3192 mm 15.32 mm Ans.
90 mm
P1.42 A rectangular bar having width w =
6.00 in. and thickness t = 1.50 in. is subjected
to a tension load P as shown in Figure
P1.42/43. The normal and shear stresses on
plane AB must not exceed 16 ksi and 8 ksi,
respectively. Determine the maximum load
P
that can be applied without exceeding either
stress limit.
FIGURE P1.42/43
Solution
The general equations for normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane in terms of the angle are
P (1 cos 2)
(a)
n 2A
and P
sin 2 (b)
nt
2A
The angle for inclined plane AB is calculated from
3
tan 3 71.5651
1
The cross-sectional area of the bar is A = w×t = (6.00 in.)(1.50 in.) = 9.0 in.2.
The normal stress on plane AB is limited to 16 ksi; therefore, the maximum load P can be found from
Eq. (a):
2 A 2(9.0 in.2)(16 ksi)
P n 1, 440 ksi
1 cos 2 1 cos 2(71.5651)
The shear stress on plane AB is limited to 8 ksi. From Eq. (b), the maximum load P based the shear
stress limit is
2 A 2(9.0 in.2 )(8 ksi)
P nt 240 kips
sin 2 sin 2(71.5651)
FIGURE P1.42/43
Solution
The general equations for normal and shear stresses on an inclined plane in terms of the angle are
P (1 cos 2)
(a)
n 2A
and P
sin 2 (b)
nt
2A
The angle for inclined plane AB is calculated from
3
tan 3 71.5651
1
The normal stress on plane AB is limited to 12 ksi; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area A
required to support P = 30 kips can be found from Eq. (a):
P
A 30 kips
(1 cos 2) (1 cos 2(71.5651)) 0.2500 in.2
2 n 2(12 ksi)
The shear stress on plane AB is limited to 8 ksi; therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area A required
to support P = 30 kips can be found from Eq. (b):
P 30 kips
A sin 2 sin 2(71.5651) 1.1250 in.2
2 nt 2(8 ksi)
To satisfy both the normal and shear stress requirements, the cross-sectional area must be at least Amin =
1.1250 in.2. Since the bar width is 1.25 in., the minimum bar thickness t must be
1.1250 in.2
tmin 0.900 in. 0.900 in. Ans.
1.25 in.
P1.44 The rectangular bar has a width of w =
3.0 in. and a thickness of t = 2.00 in. The
normal stress on plane AB of the rectangular
block shown in Figure P1.44/45 is 6 ksi (C)
when the load P is applied. Determine:
(a) the magnitude of load P.
(b) the shear stress on plane AB.
(c) the maximum normal and shear stresses in
the block at any possible orientation.
FIGURE P1.44/45
Solution
The general equation for normal stress on an inclined plane in terms of the angle is
n P
(1 cos (a)
2) 2 A
and the angle for inclined plane AB is
3
tan 0.75 36.8699
4
The cross-sectional area of the rectangular bar is A = (3.00 in.)(2.00 in.) = 6.00 in.2.
(a) Since the normal stress on plane AB is given as 6 ksi, the magnitude of load P can be calculated from
Eq. (a):
2 A 2(6.0 in.2)(6 ksi)
P n 56.25 kips Ans. 56.3 kips
1 cos 2 1 cos 2(36.8699)
(b) The general equation for shear stress on an inclined plane in terms of the angle is
nt P sin 2
2A
therefore, the shear stress on plane AB is
nt 56.25 kips sin 2(36.8699) 4.50 ksi
Ans.
2(6.00 in.2)
Solution
The general equation for shear stress on an inclined plane in terms of the angle is
nt P sin 2
(a)
2A
and the angle for inclined plane AB is
3
tan 0.75 36.8699
4
The cross-sectional area of the rectangular bar is A = (100 mm)(75 mm) = 7,500 mm2.
(a) Since the shear stress on plane AB is given as 12 MPa, the magnitude of load P can be calculated
from Eq. (a):
2 A
nt
2(7,500 mm2)(12 N/mm 2)
P 187,500 N 187.5 kN Ans.
sin 2 sin 2(36.8699)
(b) The general equation for normal stress on an inclined plane in terms of the angle is
n P
(1 cos 2)
2A
therefore, the normal stress on plane AB is
n 187,500 N
(1 cos 2(36.8699)) 16.00 MPa Ans.
2(7,500 mm2 )
A 7,500 mm2
and the maximum shear stress at any possible orientation in the block is
max P 187,500 N 12.50 MPa
2
Ans.
2 A 2(7,500 mm )