Program title BEd (Hons)

Module title Human Learning

Module code BEC2633

Class Room - Tutorial 02

For this tutorial work students can team up groups as 04 members for each group.

Question 01

Identify the type of reinforcement by holding up 1- 4 fingers:

Reinforcement Type
Remove stone from shoe
Time out
Bad grades
Achievement award
Detention – sit silently for 15 min.
No homework for an A grade
Extra homework (why bad idea?)

Question 02

How to Turn a Good Classroom into a Bad One

Don Thomas, Wesley Becker and Marianne Armstrong (1967)
An observer sat in a classroom and recorded the behavior of ten second grade children for 2 minutes
a day during a morning reading time session. The observer, who recorded data for 70 days, counted
the number of times students were involved in disruptive behavior during the recorded interval.

In the first phase of the experiment, labeled “baseline” in the accompanying figure, the teacher was
instructed to conduct activities in the normal way. As can be seen in the figure, the level of disruptive
behavior was at a low level during this phase. After 10 days, the teacher stopped providing approval
for appropriate behavior. This phase of the study continued for 10 days, and as can be seen, the
teacher’s lack of approval resulted in an increase in the rate of disruptive behavior. The third phase
was a return to baseline conditions, which resulted in a decline of disruptive behavior to near the
original levels. It was followed by a return to the no approval condition, which again resulted in an
increase in the level of disruptive behavior.
 During the fifth stage of the study, the teacher tried to catch the children being bad and verbally
reprimanded them for their disruptive behavior. In addition, the teacher did not voice approval of
appropriate behavior. As a result, the level of disruptive behavior increased to levels approximately
four to five times higher than normal. The sixth and seventh phases of the study were a return to the
no approval situation and a return to normal baseline conditions, respectively. As the figure indicates,
the levels of disruptive behavior fell systematically during these last two phases.

Along with the above case study, discuss about possible side effects of punishments?

Question 03

Based on the leaning mechanism of bridling the S (Discriminative Stimulus)-R (Operant Response, the
behavior)-S (Contingent Stimulus, the reinforcing stimulus) relationship, the components of instruction
includes selecting stimulus and providing reinforcement. In the learning processes, the learners learn to
discriminate and generalize stimuli in order to respond appropriately.

Three principles for teaching new and complex behaviors are defined by behaviorists. Briefly explain
those learning principle with real world application.

Question 04

Behavioral learning has provided instructional technology with some basic assumptions, concepts and
principles. Three major assumptions are directly relevant to instructional technology. Research on those
three major assumptions along with the discussion on how to implement instructional system design that
developed by (Burton, Moore, and Magliaro, 1996; Saettler, 1990; Shrock, 1995).

~ End of tutorial ~